JP2022515583A - Micro water amount backwash shift upward flow type lightweight filter media filter and its method - Google Patents

Abstract

According to one embodiment, a micro-water amount backwashing speed-upward flow type lightweight filter medium filter and a method thereof are disclosed. Filters include a reactor, water supply and distribution system, gas backwash system, trace water backwash spray system, water collection system, and drainage / drainage system, where the variable speed filtration area is located above the backwash peeling area. The area has a conical trapezoidal shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from bottom to top, the water supply flow rate is constant, and the cross-sectional area decreases, so that the upward filtration pressure received by the filter medium layer in this area gradually increases. .. The design of the variable filtration cross section creates a filtration state in which the filtration rate is increased and the pressure is increased, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically and finely compressing the filtration layer by the force of water during filtration. The problem that the filtration layer itself of the conventional lightweight filter medium cannot be compressed precisely and the pores are loose and large is solved.

Description

The present invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, is applied to small and medium-sized water supply treatment, advanced sewage treatment, and industrial reused water treatment, and relates to an upward flow speed change type lightweight suspended filter medium filter. In particular, the present invention relates to a water-saving type minute water amount backwashing variable forward flow type lightweight filter medium filter and its method.

Filtration layer Filtration technology is an important process in the water and wastewater treatment process. Generally, a filtration layer having a constant thickness is constructed by using granular filter media made of different materials, and a filtration channel is formed by a gap between particles, thereby blocking suspended impurities in the stagnant water. Filters commonly used at present mainly include filters such as ordinary pressure filters, valveless filtration ponds, and fiber filter media filtration tanks. Ordinary rapid filters are also the most traditional filters and generally use quartz sand as the filter media. The filtration method uses a downward flow. Backwashing pushes the filter layer in the opposite direction with a high-speed stream of water, as contaminants that are blocked during the filtration process must be stripped from the filter layer and washed repeatedly with water to restore the filter's ability to block dirt. There is a need. This consumes a large amount of wash water while increasing energy consumption. The valveless filtration pond utilizes the hydraulic principle and has the feature of automatic backwashing, but the backwashing amount of the valveless filtration pond is large and the backwashing is insufficient. Fiber filter media filters are also commonly used filters in sewage filtration studies, and the filter media usually use fiber balls and fiber bundles. Such a filter has the advantages of high filtration speed and less clogging, but has problems that the water consumption of backwashing is large and the filter medium is easily cured.

In recent years, lightweight suspension filter media have been gradually attracting attention in China to solve the above problems. Foamed Polystyrene Particle (EPS) Lightweight Suspension Filter Medium is a new filter medium with high mechanical strength, high filth removal ability, stable chemical properties, smaller specific gravity than water, simple filtration method, and wide range of use. In addition to having advantages such as wideness, filtration with a lightweight suspension filter medium has a great economic advantage over conventional quartz sand filtration, that is, it can be settled by a buffer segment of water supply, so a support layer is required. No, the structure is simple and the manufacturing cost is reduced. Degrémont (France) has developed a new upward flow suspension filtration basin using lightweight filter media. It has a unique backwash method. However, this filtration pond is only an inverted version of a normal filtration pond, and it is necessary to attach a levitation prevention filter plate and a filter head having a large area, so that the structure is complicated. Further, since the backwash water saving and the filtration rate of the filtration pond correspond to the conventional filtration rate, such an upward flow filtration pond is currently used to some extent, but has not been effectively spread.

Currently, energy saving and consumption reduction are one direction of the development of water treatment. Since the conventional filtration equipment usually needs to consume a large amount of backwash water, the amount of water and energy consumption increase, and the treatment of backwash wastewater becomes difficult. Although the amount of consumable water can be reduced by adding more gas sprays during the backwash process, a single gas spray for a normal filter pond cannot wash off the delaminated contaminants from the filter layer and must be combined with water flushing. Therefore, the problem of energy and water consumption cannot be fundamentally solved. The development of an upward flow lightweight filter medium filter can provide a solution to the above problem.

The present invention realizes an optimum filter structure, reduces filtration resistance, and reduces filtration resistance by creatively improving the shape and composition of the filter in order to overcome the drawbacks existing in the conventional upward flow filter technology. Achieves the purpose of improving the filtration accuracy by realizing the self-compression function by changing the pressure of the shifting flow. It separates into and realizes backwashing with a small amount of water, and greatly reduces water consumption and energy consumption of backwashing. As a result, a new micro-water amount backwash shift upward flow lightweight suspension filter medium filter and its method will be developed.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following technical means.

It is a lightweight filter medium filter with a small amount of water, a reverse washing speed, and an upward flow type.
Includes reactor 1, water supply and distribution system, gas backwash system, trace water backwash spray system, water collection system, and drainage / drainage system.
A water supply / drainage region 2, a backwash peeling region 3, a variable speed filtration region 4, a compression filtration region 5, and a water collection region 6 are partitioned inside the reactor 1, and above the compression filtration region 5 The levitation prevention filter plate 12 is attached, the filter head 13 is attached on the levitation prevention filter plate 12, the lid plate 14 is attached directly above the levitation prevention filter plate 12, and the guide plate is around the lid plate 14. Is provided, and the lid plate 14 is provided with an exhaust valve 9.
The water supply / drainage region 2 is located at the bottom of the reactor 1, the backwash peeling region 3 is located at the top of the water supply region 2, the backwash peeling region 3 is cylindrical, and the volume of the backwash peeling region 3 is. , Equal to the sum of the volumes of the variable speed filtration region 4 and the compression filtration region 5, the filth in the treated water is initially blocked by the filter media layer of the variable speed filtration region.
The variable speed filtration region 4 is located in the upper part of the backwash peeling region 3, and this region has a truncated cone shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the bottom to the top, the water supply flow rate is constant, and the cross-sectional area becomes small. Then, the upward filtration pressure received by the filter medium layer in this area gradually increases.
The compression filtration region 5 is located above the variable speed filtration region 4, and this region is cylindrical, the cross-sectional area of which is the same as the cross-sectional area of the upper part of the variable speed filtration region 4, and the initial water flow speed of the compression filtration region 5 is variable speed filtration. The filter, which is the maximum water flow velocity in the region 4, the pressure exerted by the filter medium layer in the compression filtration region 5 is the maximum, and the filtration layer is the densest.

In the above filter, the raw water to be treated passes through the water supply / drainage region 2 and enters the bottom of the reactor 1, and in this order passes through the filter media layers of the backwash peeling region 3, the variable speed filtration region 4 and the compression filtration region 5. It is blocked and filtered, and the filtered water passes through the filter head, hits the lid plate 14, passes through the guide plate of the lid plate 14, flows into the fresh water tank 15, and further enters the water collecting region 6 via the overflow dam 16. Finally, water is collected in the fresh water tank 38 via the drain pipe 17.

In the above filter, the filter medium filled in the reactor is expanded polystyrene particles 36 having a particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm.

In the above filter, the water supply distribution system includes a raw water tank 37, a water pump 18, a raw water supply pipe 10, a water supply valve 25 and a reflector 11, and a water supply valve 25 is attached to the raw water supply pipe 10, and the reflector 11 supplies water. Located directly below the pipe opening and used to distribute water evenly, the raw water tank 37 is connected to the water supply port of the water pump 18, and the water outlet of the water pump 18 is connected to the water supply valve 25 of the raw water supply pipe 10. The reflector 11 is located directly below the mouth of the raw water supply pipe 10, and the treated water is pressurized by a water pump and transported to the water supply / drainage region 2 at the bottom of the reactor 1 by the raw water supply pipe. The water supply is evenly distributed by the reflector 11.

In the above filter, the water collecting system includes a fresh water discharge pipe 17 and a fresh water tank 38, one end of the fresh water discharge pipe 17 is connected to the water collecting region 6, and the other end communicates with the fresh water tank 38, so that the water collecting region and the fresh water are collected. There is a height difference between the tanks 38, and the fresh water automatically flows into the fresh water tank due to the height difference.

In the above filter, the trace water backwash spray system includes a fresh water pump 19, a trace water backwash main pipe 23, a trace water backwash valve 30 and a valve 31, a trace water backwash spray branch pipe 8, a filter medium cleaning auxiliary nozzle 24, and a liquid level. The fresh water pump 19 is connected to the fresh water tank 38 including the sensor 35 and the liquid level detector 34, and the fresh water pump 19 is a trace water backwash main pipe 23, a trace water backwash valve 30, and a trace water backwash spray branch pipe by a valve 31. Connected to 8, the trace water backwash spray branch pipe 8 is provided outside the compression filtration region 5 and the variable speed filtration region 4 along the circumferential direction, and each trace water backwash spray branch pipe 8 assists in cleaning a plurality of filter media. A nozzle 24 is provided, whereby water is introduced into the compression filtration region 5 and the variable speed filtration region 4, the liquid level sensor 35 is provided at the top of the backwash peeling region 3, and the liquid level detector 34 is provided with a data line. It is connected and controls the water level to the top of the backwash peeling region 3 based on the water level detection result of the liquid level sensor 35 in the backwash process.

In the above filter, the gas backwash system includes an air compressor 20, a backwash gas pipe 22, a backwash gas pipe nozzle 7, a backwash air valve 28 and a check valve 26, and a backwash release valve 9, and drains the reactor 1. A drain / drain valve 27 is attached to the pipe 21, and the backwash gas pipe 22 in the reactor 1 is provided with a backwash gas pipe nozzle 7 evenly distributed in the pipe portion at the bottom of the backwash peeling region 3. A backwash air valve 28 and a check valve 26 for preventing backflow are attached to the backwash gas pipe 22, and an exhaust valve 9 is provided on the lid plate at the top of the reactor 1.
In the above filter, the drainage / mud drainage system includes a drainage / mud drainage pipe 21 and a drainage / mud drainage valve 27, and the drainage / mud drainage pipe 21 is provided at the bottom of the water supply / mud drainage region 2 to drain / drain. The mud pipe 21 is provided with a drainage / mud drain valve 27.

In the above filter, the process of operating the minute water amount backwash shift upward flow type lightweight filter medium filter is divided into 1 filtration process, 2 backwashing process, and 3 lightweight filter medium layer repositioning process, and these three processes are cycles. Will be done.
(1) Filtering process: The drainage / drainage valve 27, the backwash intake valve 28 and the communication valve 29 are closed, the water supply valve 25 and the exhaust valve 9 are opened, the water supply pump 18 is started, and the water pump 18 is used in the raw water tank 37. The treated water is sent to the reactor 1 via the water supply pipe 10, the treated water is evenly distributed from the water supply pipe 10 through the reflector 11, and the filtered water flow is sequentially upwardly washed away from the backwash peeling region 3. When the water flow passes through the variable speed filtration area 4 and the compression filtration area 5, and finally the water flow passes through the filter head and enters the fresh water area, and the rising water flow hits the lid plate 14, the discharge water is first discharged from the exhaust gas pipe. In this case, by closing the exhaust valve 9, the water flow passes through the guide plate and flows into the fresh water tank 15, further flows into the water collecting region 6 through the overflow weir 16, and passes through the final drain pipe 17 to the fresh water tank 38. to go into.

(2) Backwash process: The water supply valve 25 is closed, the drainage / mud drainage valve 27 is opened, the water level in the reactor 1 gradually drops as the water drainage / mud drainage valve 27 drains, and the filter medium also At this time, the communication valve 29, the minute water supply adjustment valve 30 and the valve 31 are opened, the minute water amount spray water pump 19 is started, and the filter medium in the compression filtration region 5 is dispersed by the spraying action of the filter medium cleaning auxiliary nozzle hole 24. Finally, the liquid level sensor 35 and the liquid level detector 34 control the water level to the top of the backwash peeling region 3, and at this time, the communication valve 29, the minute water supply adjustment valve 30 and the valve 31 are operated. Close, close the minute water spray water pump 19, open the backwash intake valve 28 and exhaust valve 9, start the gas pump 20, and after the gas is pressurized by the air compressor 20, the gas pipe 20 and the gas amount adjustment valve. 28, it enters the reactor via the check valve 26, is further discharged by the backwash gas pipe nozzle 7, and the lightweight filter medium is stirred for 5 to 10 minutes, so that the filth blocked by the filter medium layer has a gas shearing action and itself. The impurities separated from the filter medium by the action of gravity and then closed the air compressor 20 and the valve 28, the impurities separated by the action of precipitation are concentrated in the drainage / drainage region 2, and the precipitation time is 20 to 30 minutes, and further. The drain / mud drain valve 27 is opened and the sludge is drained together with the water stream through the sludge pipe 21 to complete the backwash process.

(3) Lightweight filter medium layer repositioning process: After the backwash is completed and the mud is drained, it is necessary to perform the lightweight filter medium layer repositioning before starting the next filtration process. First, the drainage / mud drain valve 27 and the backwash The air valve 28 is closed, the minute water spray water supply valve 30 and the valve 31 are opened, the communication valve 29 and the exhaust valve 9 are opened, the minute water spray water pump 19 is started, and the water flow is caused by the flushing action of the minute water spray water pump 19. It is sprayed into the reactor 1 from the filter media cleaning auxiliary nozzle hole 24, the water level in the reactor 1 gradually rises, and since the specific gravity of the expanded polystyrene particle EPS filter medium 36 is smaller than that of water, automatic repositioning is realized by pushing up the rising water flow. At the same time, the minute water amount spray assists in adjusting the distribution of the lightweight filter medium during the ascending process, and the ascending filter medium is blocked by the levitation prevention filter plate and is acted by the upward acting force of the water flow, whereby the filtration layer. Is gradually and finely compressed, and at this time, the minute water amount spray water supply valve 30 and the valve 31 are closed, and the operation of the minute water amount spray water pump 19 is continuously maintained for 5 to 10 minutes, and then the minute water amount spray water pump 19 and the communication are communicated with each other. The valve 29 is closed to complete the repositioning process of the filter media layer.

The present invention has the following advantages over conventional filters.

(1) By designing the variable filtration cross section, the filtration speed is increased and the filtration state is formed, so that the purpose of automatically and finely compressing the filtration layer by the force of water during filtration is achieved. At the same time, the problem that the filtration layer itself of the conventional lightweight filter medium cannot be compressed precisely and the pores are loose and large is solved.
(2) At the time of backwashing, the gravity action of the blocked sludge is used to separate it from the filter medium by stirring with a gas spray, and by settling by gravity, it is separated from the lightweight filter medium, which does not require backwashing and saves water. It is energy saving.
(3) For the first time, a filter media cleaning auxiliary nozzle hole is provided in the lightweight filter media area. This promotes the movement of the compressed filter media downward at the start of backwashing, and at the time of repositioning the filter media after backwashing, it is possible to further wash away impurities remaining in the filter media with a small amount of water and enhance the cleaning effect of the filter layer. can.

(4) The upward flow is automatically distributed from the one with a large pore to the one with a small pore by the compression action of water, and the step principle of the filtration process is satisfied, so that the filtration resistance is small and energy saving is achieved.

It is an operation principle diagram at the time of filtration. It is an operation principle diagram at the time of backwashing.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

The micro water volume backwash shifting upward flow type lightweight filter medium filter according to this embodiment includes a reactor 1, a water supply water distribution system, a gas backwash system, a trace water backwash spray system, a water collection system, and a drainage / mud drainage system. ..

The reactor 1 uses a stainless steel material. Inside the reactor 1, a water supply / drainage region 2, a backwash peeling region 3, a variable speed filtration region 4, a compression filtration region 5, and a water collection region 6 are partitioned. The filter medium filled in the variable speed filtration region 4 and the compression filtration region 5 is expanded polystyrene particles (EPS) 36, and has a particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm. The levitation prevention filter plate 12 is attached to the upper part of the compression filtration region 5, the filter head 13 is attached to the levitation prevention filter plate 12, the lid plate 14 is attached directly above the levitation prevention filter plate 12, and the lid plate 14 is attached. A guide plate is provided around the cover plate 14, and an exhaust valve 9 is provided on the lid plate 14.
The water supply / mud drainage region 2 is located at the bottom of the reactor 1, the backwash peeling region 3 is located at the top of the water supply region 2, the backwash peeling region 3 is cylindrical, and the volume is compressed with the variable speed filtration region 4. Equal to the sum of the volumes with the filtration area 5. The filter medium filled in the filtration region is expanded polystyrene particles (EPS), and the particle size of the filter medium is 0.5 to 1 mm. The filth in the treated water is initially blocked by the filter media layer in the variable speed filtration region.
The variable speed filtration region 4 is located in the upper part of the backwash peeling region 3, and this region has a truncated cone shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the bottom to the top, the water supply flow rate is constant, and the cross-sectional area becomes small. As can be seen from the general formula Q = A · υ, the water flow velocity gradually increases, so that the upward filtration pressure received by the filter medium layer in this region gradually increases. The filter medium filled in the variable speed filtration region 4 is expanded polystyrene particles (EPS), and the particle size of the filter medium is 0.5 to 1 mm.

The compression filtration region 5 is located above the variable speed filtration region 4, and this region is cylindrical, the cross-sectional area of which is the same as the cross-sectional area of the upper part of the variable speed filtration region 4, and the initial water flow speed of the compression filtration region 5 is variable speed filtration. It is the maximum water flow velocity of the region 4, the pressure received by the filter medium layer in the compression filtration region 5 is the maximum, and the filtration layer is the densest. The filled filter medium is expanded polystyrene particles (EPS), and the particle size of the filter medium is 0.5 to 1 mm.

The raw water to be treated passes through the water supply / drainage region 2 and enters the bottom of the reactor 1, and in this order passes through the filter media layers of the backwash peeling region 3, the variable speed filtration region 4 and the compression filtration region 5 to be blocked and filtered. Then, the filtered water passes through the filter head, hits the lid plate 14, passes through the guide plate of the lid plate 14, flows into the fresh water tank 15, further enters the water collecting region 6 through the overflow dam 16, and finally exits. Water is collected in the fresh water tank 38 via the water pipe 17.

The water supply and distribution system includes a raw water tank 37, a water pump 18, a raw water supply pipe 10, a water supply valve 25 and a reflector 11, and a water supply valve 25 is attached to the raw water supply pipe 10, and the reflective plate 11 is directly below the water supply pipe port. The raw water tank 37 is connected to the water supply port of the water pump 18, and the water outlet of the water pump 18 is connected to the water supply valve 25 of the raw water supply pipe 10 and is used to distribute water evenly. Reference numeral 11 is located directly below the mouth of the raw water supply pipe 10, and the treated water is pressurized by a water pump and transported by the raw water supply pipe to the water supply / drainage region 2 at the bottom of the reactor 1 to supply water. It is evenly distributed by the reflector 11.

The water collection system includes a fresh water discharge pipe 17 and a fresh water tank 38, one end of the fresh water discharge pipe 17 is connected to the water collection area 6, and the other end communicates with the fresh water tank 38, between the water collection area and the fresh water tank 38. There is a height difference in the water, and fresh water automatically flows into the fresh water tank due to the height difference.

The trace water backwash spray system includes a fresh water pump 19, a trace water backwash main pipe 23, a trace water backwash valve 30 and a valve 31, a trace water backwash spray branch pipe 8, a filter medium cleaning auxiliary nozzle 24, a liquid level sensor 35 and a liquid. Including the surface detector 34, the fresh water pump 19 is connected to the fresh water tank 38, and the fresh water pump 19 is connected to the trace water backwash spray branch pipe 8 by the trace water backwash main pipe 23, the trace water backwash valve 30, and the valve 31. The trace water backwash spray branch pipe 8 is provided outside the compression filtration region 5 and the variable speed filtration region 4 along the circumferential direction, and each trace water backwash spray branch pipe 8 is provided with a plurality of filter media cleaning auxiliary nozzles 24. As a result, water is introduced into the compression filtration region 5 and the variable speed filtration region 4, the liquid level sensor 35 is provided at the top of the backwash peeling region 3, and is connected to the liquid level detector 34 by a data line. In the washing process, the water level is controlled to the top of the backwash peeling region 3 based on the water level detection result of the liquid level sensor 35.
The micro water backwash system has two functions. The first is to enter the backwash stage after the completion of filtration, disperse the lightweight filter medium 36 densely compressed by the action of the backwash spray, and return it to the backwash peeling region 3. The second is that in the process of repositioning the filter media after the backwashing is completed, the surface of the lightweight filter media 36 is further washed away by the action of the backwash spray, and the filter media are evenly arranged.

The gas backwash system includes an air compressor 20, a backwash gas pipe 22, a backwash gas pipe nozzle 7, a backwash air valve 28 and a check valve 26, and a backwash release valve 9, and the drain pipe 21 of the reactor 1 has a gas backwash system. The drain / mud drain valve 27 is attached, and the backwash gas pipe 22 in the reactor 1 is provided with a backwash gas pipe nozzle 7 evenly distributed in the pipe portion at the bottom of the backwash peeling region 3, and is backwashed. A backwash air valve 28 and a check valve 26 for preventing backflow are attached to the gas pipe 22, and an exhaust valve 9 is provided on the lid plate at the top of the reactor 1.
The drainage / mud drainage system includes a drainage / mud drainage pipe 21 and a drainage / mud drainage valve 27, and the drainage / mud drainage pipe 21 is provided at the bottom of the water supply / mud drainage region 2 and is provided in the drainage / mud drainage pipe 21. Is provided with a drainage / drainage valve 27.

Specific operation process The operation process of the minute water amount backwash shift upward flow type lightweight filter medium filter is divided into 1 filtration process, 2 backwash process, and 3 lightweight filter medium layer repositioning process, and these three processes are cycles. It is done in.

(1) Filtering process: The drainage / drainage valve 27, the backwash intake valve 28 and the communication valve 29 are closed, the water supply valve 25 and the exhaust valve 9 are opened, the water supply pump 18 is started, and the water pump 18 is used in the raw water tank 37. The treated water is sent to the reactor 1 via the water supply pipe 10, the treated water is evenly distributed from the water supply pipe 10 through the reflector 11, and the filtered water flow is sequentially upwardly washed away from the backwash peeling region 3. When the water flow passes through the variable speed filtration area 4 and the compression filtration area 5, and finally the water flow passes through the filter head and enters the fresh water area, and the rising water flow hits the lid plate 14, the discharge water is first discharged from the exhaust gas pipe. In this case, by closing the exhaust valve 9, the water flow passes through the guide plate and flows into the fresh water tank 15, further flows into the water collecting region 6 through the overflow weir 16, and passes through the final drain pipe 17 to the fresh water tank 38. to go into.

(2) Backwash process: The water supply valve 25 is closed, the drainage / mud drainage valve 27 is opened, the water level in the reactor 1 gradually drops as the water drainage / mud drainage valve 27 drains, and the filter medium also At this time, the communication valve 29, the minute water supply adjustment valve 30 and the valve 31 are opened, the minute water amount spray water pump 19 is started, and the filter medium in the compression filtration region 5 is dispersed by the spraying action of the filter medium cleaning auxiliary nozzle hole 24. Finally, the liquid level sensor 35 and the liquid level detector 34 control the water level to the top of the backwash peeling region 3, and at this time, the communication valve 29, the minute water supply adjustment valve 30 and the valve 31 are operated. Close, close the minute water spray water pump 19, open the backwash intake valve 28 and exhaust valve 9, start the gas pump 20, and after the gas is pressurized by the air compressor 20, the gas pipe 20 and the gas amount adjustment valve. 28, it enters the reactor via the check valve 26, is further discharged by the backwash gas pipe nozzle 7, and the lightweight filter medium is stirred for 5 to 10 minutes, so that the filth blocked by the filter medium layer has a gas shearing action and itself. The impurities separated from the filter medium by the action of gravity and then closed the air compressor 20 and the valve 28, the impurities separated by the action of precipitation are concentrated in the drainage / drainage region 2, and the precipitation time is 20 to 30 minutes, and further. The drain / mud drain valve 27 is opened and the sludge is drained together with the water stream through the sludge pipe 21 to complete the backwash process.

(3) Lightweight filter medium layer repositioning process: After the backwash is completed and the mud is drained, it is necessary to perform the lightweight filter medium layer repositioning before starting the next filtration process. First, the drainage / mud drain valve 27 and the backwash The air valve 28 is closed, the minute water spray water supply valve 30 and the valve 31 are opened, the communication valve 29 and the exhaust valve 9 are opened, the minute water spray water pump 19 is started, and the water flow is caused by the flushing action of the minute water spray water pump 19. It is sprayed into the reactor 1 from the filter media cleaning auxiliary nozzle hole 24, the water level in the reactor 1 gradually rises, and since the specific gravity of the expanded polystyrene particle EPS filter medium 36 is smaller than that of water, automatic repositioning is realized by pushing up the rising water flow. At the same time, the minute water amount spray assists in adjusting the distribution of the lightweight filter medium during the ascending process, and the ascending filter medium is blocked by the levitation prevention filter plate and is acted by the upward acting force of the water flow, whereby the filtration layer. Is gradually and finely compressed, and at this time, the minute water amount spray water supply valve 30 and the valve 31 are closed, and the operation of the minute water amount spray water pump 19 is continuously maintained for 5 to 10 minutes, and then the minute water amount spray water pump 19 and the communication are communicated with each other. The valve 29 is closed to complete the repositioning process of the filter media layer.

(4) Reactor maintenance: After the reactor has been in operation for about 1 year, the filter media needs to be replaced or replenished. When replacing or replenishing the filter medium, it is necessary to open the drainage / mud drain valve 27, the backwash auxiliary valve 30 and the valve 31, and close the valve 25, the backwash air valve 28 and the communication valve 29. When the filter medium moves downward with the water level and the liquid level detector 34 indicates that the water level has dropped to a position below the lower edge of the filter medium exchange port, the drainage / mud drain valve 27 is closed and the backwash is performed. The operation of the water pump 19 is stopped, the filter medium exchange port 33 is opened, and the filter medium is replenished or replaced. After adding the filter medium, the filter medium exchange port 33 is closed and filtration is started according to the filtration process.

In this embodiment, the wastewater after being treated in the secondary settling basin of a sewage treatment plant using the above filtration reactor is subjected to advanced treatment. As can be seen from Table 1, the reactor has a good removing effect on water turbidity. The turbidity of water supplied to the reactor is 7.134 to 36.270 NTU, but the turbidity of wastewater from the reactor can reach 1 NTU or less, and the turbidity removal rate is 94.5% to 97.7%. be.

<Table 1>
Table 1: Water quality treatment effect with different water turbidity

As will be appreciated, those skilled in the art may make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and any of these improvements or modifications should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

It is a lightweight filter medium filter with a small amount of water, a reverse washing speed, and an upward flow type.
Includes reactor (1), water supply and distribution system, gas backwash system, trace water backwash spray system, water collection system, and drainage / drainage system.
Inside the reactor (1), a water supply / drainage region (2), a backwash peeling region (3), a variable speed filtration region (4), a compression filtration region (5), and a water collection region (6) are partitioned. A levitation prevention filter plate (12) is attached to the upper part of the compression filtration region (5), a filter head (13) is attached to the levitation prevention filter plate (12), and a levitation prevention filter plate (12) is attached. ), A lid plate (14) is attached, a guide plate is provided around the lid plate (14), and an exhaust valve (9) is provided on the lid plate (14).
The water supply / drainage region (2) is located at the bottom of the reactor (1), the backwash peeling region (3) is located above the water supply region (2), and the backwash peeling region (3) is cylindrical. Yes, the volume of the backwash peeling region (3) is equal to the sum of the volumes of the variable speed filtration region (4) and the compression filtration region (5), and the filth in the treated water is initially the filter medium layer of the variable speed filtration region. Blocked by
The variable speed filtration region (4) is located in the upper part of the backwash peeling region (3), and this region has a truncated cone shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the bottom to the top, the water supply flow rate is constant, and the cross-sectional area. As the value becomes smaller, the upward filtration pressure received by the filter medium layer in this area gradually increases.
The compression filtration region (5) is located above the variable speed filtration region (4), and this region is cylindrical and has the same cross-sectional area as the upper cross-sectional area of the variable speed filtration region (4), the compression filtration region (5). ) Is the maximum water flow velocity in the variable speed filtration region (4), the pressure received by the filter medium layer in the compression filtration region (5) is the maximum, and the filtration layer is the densest. .. The raw water to be treated passes through the water supply / drainage region (2) and enters the bottom of the reactor (1), and in this order, the backwash peeling region (3), the variable speed filtration region (4) and the compression filtration region (5). It passes through the filter medium layer, is blocked and filtered, and the filtered water passes through the filter head, hits the lid plate (14), passes through the guide plate of the lid plate (14), flows into the fresh water tank (15), and further. The first aspect of claim 1, wherein the water enters the catchment region (6) via the overflow dam (16) and finally the water is collected in the fresh water tank (38) via the drain pipe (17). filter. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium filled in the reactor is expanded polystyrene particles (36) having a particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm. The water supply system includes a raw water tank (37), a water pump (18), a raw water supply pipe (10), a water supply valve (25) and a reflector (11).
A water supply valve (25) is attached to the raw water supply pipe (10), and the reflector (11) is located directly under the water supply pipe port and is used for even distribution of water.
The raw water tank (37) is connected to the water supply port of the water pump (18), the water outlet of the water pump (18) is connected to the water supply valve (25) of the raw water supply pipe (10), and the reflector (11) is the raw water. Located just below the mouth of the water supply pipe (10),
The treated water is pressurized by a water pump, transported by a raw water supply pipe to a water supply / drainage region (2) at the bottom of the reactor (1), and the water supply is evenly distributed by a reflector (11). The filter according to claim 1, wherein the filter is characterized in that. The water collection system includes a fresh water discharge pipe (17) and a fresh water tank (38), one end of the fresh water discharge pipe (17) is connected to the water collection area (6), and the other end is communicated with the fresh water tank (38). The filter according to claim 1, wherein there is a height difference between the water collecting area and the fresh water tank (38), and the fresh water automatically flows into the fresh water tank due to the height difference. The trace water backwash spray system includes a fresh water pump (19), a trace water backwash main pipe (23), a trace water backwash valve (30) and a valve (31), a trace water backwash spray branch pipe (8), and a filter medium cleaning. Includes auxiliary nozzle (24), liquid level sensor (35) and liquid level detector (34).
The fresh water pump (19) is connected to the fresh water tank (38), and the fresh water pump (19) is branched by the trace water backwash main pipe (23), the trace water backwash valve (30), and the valve (31). Connected to the tube (8), the trace water backwash spray branch pipe (8) is provided outside the compression filtration region (5) and the variable speed filtration region (4) along the circumferential direction, and each trace water backwash spray branch is provided. The tube (8) is provided with a plurality of filter media cleaning auxiliary nozzles (24), whereby water is introduced into the compression filtration region (5) and the variable speed filtration region (4).
The liquid level sensor (35) is provided at the top of the backwash peeling region (3), is connected to the liquid level detector (34) by a data line, and is based on the water level detection result of the liquid level sensor (35) in the backwash process. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the water level is controlled to the top of the backwash peeling region (3). The gas backwash system includes an air compressor (20), a backwash gas pipe (22), a backwash gas pipe nozzle (7), a backwash air valve (28) and a check valve (26), and a backwash release valve (9). Including
A drainage / mud drain valve (27) is attached to the drain pipe (21) of the reactor (1).
The back-wash gas pipe (22) in the reactor (1) is provided with a back-wash gas pipe nozzle (7) that is evenly distributed in the pipe portion at the bottom of the back-wash peeling region (3), and is provided with a back-wash gas pipe. A backwash air valve (28) and a check valve (26) for preventing backflow are attached to (22).
The filter according to claim 1, wherein an exhaust valve (9) is provided on a lid plate at the top of the reactor (1). The drainage / mud drainage system includes a drainage / mud drainage pipe (21) and a drainage / mud drainage valve (27).
The drainage / mud drainage pipe (21) is provided at the bottom of the water supply / mud drainage region (2), and the drainage / mud drainage pipe (21) is provided with a drainage / mud drainage valve (27). , The filter according to claim 1. The method for operating the filter according to claim 1.
The process of operating the micro-water amount backwashing variable forward flow type lightweight filter medium filter is divided into (1) filtration process, (2) backwashing process, and (3) lightweight filter medium layer repositioning process. Made in a cycle,
(1) Filtering process: Close the drain / drain valve (27), backwash intake valve (28) and communication valve (29), open the water supply valve (25) and exhaust valve (9), and open the water supply pump (18). Is started, the water treated in the raw water tank (37) by the water pump (18) is sent to the reactor (1) via the water supply pipe (10), and the treated water is supplied to the water supply pipe (10). It is evenly distributed from the water flow through the reflector (11), the filtered water flow passes upward in order through the backwash peeling region (3), the variable speed filtration region (4), and the compression filtration region (5), and finally the water flow passes through the filter head. When the rising water flow hits the lid plate (14), the water flow is first discharged from the exhaust pipe, and in this case, by closing the exhaust valve (9), the water flow is guided to the guide plate. It flows into the fresh water tank (15) through the water tank (15), further flows into the water collecting area (6) through the overflow dam (16), and enters the fresh water tank (38) through the last water discharge pipe (17).
(2) Backwash process: The water supply valve (25) is closed, the drain / mud drain valve (27) is opened, and the water level in the reactor (1) is discharged from the water drain / mud drain valve (27). Along with this, the filter medium gradually descends, and at this time, the communication valve (29), the minute water supply adjustment valve (30) and the valve (31) are opened, the minute water amount spray water pump (19) is started, and the filter medium is washed. The filter medium in the compression filtration region (5) is dispersed and moved downward by the spraying action of the auxiliary nozzle hole (24), and finally the water level is backwashed and peeled off by the liquid level sensor (35) and the liquid level detector (34). Controlled to the top of (3), at this time, the communication valve (29), the minute water supply adjustment valve (30) and the valve (31) were closed, the minute water amount spray water pump (19) was closed, and the backwash intake valve (backwash intake valve) ( 28), the exhaust valve (9) is opened, the gas pump (20) is started, the gas is pressurized by the air compressor (20), and then the gas pipe (20), the gas amount adjusting valve (28), and the check valve. By entering the reactor via (26) and further discharging by the backwash gas tube nozzle (7) and stirring the lightweight filter medium for 5 to 10 minutes, the filth blocked by the filter medium layer has a gas shearing action and itself. The impurities separated from the filter medium by the action of gravity and then closed the air compressor (20) and the valve (28), and the impurities separated by the action of precipitation are concentrated in the drainage / drainage region (2), and the precipitation time is 20 minutes-30 minutes. Minutes, then the drain / drain valve (27) is opened and the sludge is drained with the water stream through the drain pipe (21) to complete the backwash process.
(3) Lightweight filter medium layer repositioning process: After the backwash is completed and the mud is drained, it is necessary to perform the lightweight filter medium layer repositioning before starting the next filtration process. First, the drainage / mud drain valve (27) and The backwash air valve (28) is closed, the minute water spray water supply valve (30) and the valve (31) are opened, the communication valve (29) and the exhaust valve (9) are opened, and the minute water spray water pump (19) is started. By the flushing action of the minute water amount spray water pump (19), the water stream is sprayed into the reactor (1) from the filter media cleaning auxiliary nozzle hole (24), the water level in the reactor (1) gradually rises, and foaming occurs. Since the specific gravity of the polystyrene particle (EPS) filter medium (36) is smaller than that of water, automatic repositioning is realized by pushing up the rising water flow, and the minute water spray assists the distribution of the lightweight filter medium during the rising process and rises. The filter medium is blocked by the levitation prevention filter plate and is acted on by the upward acting force of the water flow, so that the filtration layer is gradually and densely compressed, and at this time, the minute water amount spray water supply valve (30) and the valve (31). Is closed, and the operation of the micro water spray water pump (19) is continuously maintained for 5 to 10 minutes, and then the micro water spray water pump (19) and the communication valve (29) are closed to complete the restoration process of the filter medium layer. The method, which is characterized by.

Images