JP2022541234A - 第2世代セネカバレーウイルス腫瘍溶解性療法:その構成と方法 - Google Patents
第2世代セネカバレーウイルス腫瘍溶解性療法:その構成と方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2019年7月19日出願の米国仮出願第62/876,191号に対する優先権を主張するものであり、上記仮出願の開示を参照により本明細書に援用する。
本発明は、米国立衛生研究所(NIH)および米国立アレルギー・感染症研究所(NIAID)から付与された契約番号R21A1139775の政府支援を受けて行われたものである。政府は、本発明について一定の権利を有する。
開示された発明は、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスとがん治療におけるその使用の分野の発明である。
他に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべての技術用語および科学用語は、本発明が属する技術分野における通常の知識を有する者によって一般的に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。本明細書に記載されたものと類似または同等の任意の方法および材料を、本発明の試験の実施において使用することができるが、好ましい材料および方法を本明細書で説明する。本発明の説明および請求に際し、以下の用語を使用する。
本発明は、本開示の一部を構成する添付の図面および実施例と関連させた以下の詳細な説明を参照することにより、より容易に理解され得る。本発明は、本明細書中に記載および/または示された特定の方法、用途、条件またはパラメーターに限定されないこと、そして本明細書中で使用されている用語は、特定の実施形態を例示的に説明するためのものに過ぎず、特許請求された発明を限定することを意図していないことを理解されたい。
ここに提供するのは、開示技術の例示的実施形態である。これらの実施形態は単なる例示に過ぎず、現開示範囲や添付の請求範囲を限定しない。
a.炭疽毒素受容体1(ANTXR1)の発現レベルがANTXR1の基準値より高く、かつ
b.I型IFNの発現レベルがI型IFNの基準値より高い。
c.ANTXR1の発現レベルがANTXR1の基準値より高く、かつ
d.I型IFNの発現レベルがI型IFNの基準値より高い。
これらは治療が有効であることを予測するものであり、治療が有効であると予測される場合、患者の治療を推奨するものである。かつ治療は、mTOR阻害剤を含むI型IFN阻害剤を患者に投与することを含むものである。
以下の実施例を参照して、本発明を説明する。これらの実施例は、例示の目的のみのために提供され、本発明は、決してこれらの実施例に限定されると解釈されるべきではなく、むしろ、ここに提供される結果として明らかになる、いずれかのおよび全てのバリエーションを包含するものと解釈されるべきである。
細胞およびウイルス
細胞は、10%ウシ胎児血清(Per.C6)または10%ウシ血清(HeLa)、2mM L-グルタミン(Invitrogen)、および1%ペニシリン-ストレプトマイシンを添加したDMEM中で維持した。ウイルスストックは、文献(23)に以前記載したようにPer.C6細胞で増殖させることにより作製した。
IFN-QおよびトリコスタチンAは、Sigma, Inc.(St.Louis, MO)から購入した。スタウロスポリンはCell Signaling Technologies(Cambridge, MA)から購入した。トリン2はTocris Bioscience(Bristol, UK)から購入した。すべての化合物はDMSOに溶解させた。
感染は、35mmディッシュで行った。感染時に細胞をカウントし、ウイルスストックをPBS+0.01%BSA(Sigma, St. Louis, MO)で希釈し、適切なMOIで感染させた。100uLの希釈したウイルスを用いて、370℃で45分間振盪させながら、各プレートに感染させた。その後、細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、1mLの適切な培地で覆った。この時に採取したサンプルを0時点と称する。モック感染細胞は、ウイルスの代わりにPBS+0.01%BSAで処理した。3回の独立した感染を行った。
ウイルス滴定のためのサンプルは、細胞および培地を採取し、凍結および解凍を3サイクル行い、5000xgで5分間遠心分離することにより作製した。全ての滴定は、35mmプレート中のPer.C6細胞の単層上で行われた。PBS+0.1mg/ml BSA(Sigma)を用いて10倍段階希釈したウイルスを、各ウェルあたり0.1mLずつ添加した。プレートを370℃で45分間振盪しながらインキュベートし、オーバーレイを加えた。2つのオーバーレイシステムを使用した。オーバーレイ1の最終組成は、DMEM、0.8% Noble agar、1% BCS、0.2% NaHCO3、50mM MgCl2、1%非必須アミノ酸からなるものであった。オーバーレイ2の最終組成は、DMEM、0.1% BSA、40mM MgCl2、0.2%グルコース、2mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、4mM L-グルタミン、4mMオキサロ酢酸(Sigma)、および0.2% NaHCO3からなるものであった。プラークアッセイは、370℃で72時間インキュベートした。その後、細胞を10%TCA(Sigma)で固定し、20%エタノール中の0.1%クリスタルバイオレット(Sigma)で染色した。
SVV感染に耐性のある42Tem8+細胞株のゲノム解析により、自然免疫応答の構成要素をコードするRNA、特にISG産物IFI35の強固な発現が明らかになった(データは示されていない)。これらのデータは、I型IFN経路がSVV感染の向性を調節していることを示唆している(24)。このシグナル伝達経路は、ポリオウイルス、エンテロウイルスA71、ヒトライノウイルス(HRV)など、SVVに関連するピコルナウイルスの向性を決定づけることが知られている(60-63)。I型IFN受容体またはtoll様受容体(TLR)3を除去すると、通常感染することが知られていない組織でポリオウイルスの複製が可能になり(60、61)、Mda-5遺伝子内の一塩基多型は、その二本鎖RNAリガンドに結合できないタンパク質となり、自然免疫応答を誘引できず、エンテロウイルスとHRV感染の効率的分解を阻害する(62、63)。
腫瘍溶解性ウイルス療法を単独、または腫瘍微小環境を調節することが知られている治療法と併用するものを含む免疫療法は、がんの治療に革命をもたらし、不治の、標的化が困難な、および/または攻撃的ながんに対する治療を可能にしている。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの抗腫瘍活性は、ウイルスに関連した免疫原性細胞死と腫瘍特異的抗原に対する免疫応答の誘導に起因する。T-VEC(GMCSF合成を行う単純ヘルペスウイルスI型)やPVSRIPO(ヒトライノウイルス2型の5’-非翻訳領域が改変されたP1/Sabin)を含む、臨床で使用されている腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの大半は、抗体ベースの免疫療法で使用されるモノクローナル抗体と同様に、腫瘍本来の細胞に向けられたものである。これらの治療法に対する腫瘍の耐性が急速に高まることで、これらの治療法の有用性が低下することがある。腫瘍の90%を占めるといわれる周囲の間質細胞、血管新生上皮細胞、腫瘍関連線維芽細胞、さらに悪性細胞など、腫瘍の微小環境の複数の構成要素を標的とすることで、治療効果を高めることができるはずである。この微小環境を構成する様々な細胞の表面にTem8のような共通の因子が存在することは、1つの治療薬を作ることが可能であることを示唆する最も有望なものである。
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Claims (18)
- その必要がある患者におけるがんを治療する方法であって、前記方法は、mTOR阻害剤を含むI型インターフェロン(I型IFN)阻害剤および有効量のセネカバレーウイルス(SVV)またはSVV誘導体を患者に投与する工程を含み、前記がんは、
a.炭疽毒素受容体1(ANTXR1)の基準値より高いANTXR1の発現レベル、および
b.I型IFNの基準値より高いI型IFNの発現レベル
によって特徴付けられる、方法。 - その必要がある患者におけるがんを治療する方法であって、前記方法は、mTOR阻害剤を含むI型IFN阻害剤および有効量のSVVまたはSVV誘導体を患者に投与する工程を含み、前記がんは、ANTXR1の基準値より高いANTXR1の発現レベルによって特徴付けられるものであり、および、前記I型IFN阻害剤は、前記がんにおけるI型IFNの発現レベルを低下させることで前記SVVまたは前記SVV誘導体の複製が促進され、前記がんが縮小または消滅する、方法。
- その必要がある患者におけるがんのセネカバレーウイルス(SVV)治療またはSVV誘導体治療の効果を予測する方法であって、前記方法は、患者由来の前記がんにおけるANTXR1の発現レベルおよびI型IFNの発現レベルを決定する工程を含み、
a.ANTXR1の基準値より高いANTXR1の発現レベル、および
b.I型IFNの基準値より高いI型IFNの発現レベル
は前記治療が有効であることを予測するものであり、前記治療が有効であると予測される場合、前記患者の治療を推奨するものであり、かつ前記治療は、mTOR阻害剤を含むI型IFN阻害剤を前記患者に投与する工程を含む、方法。 - その必要がある患者におけるがんを治療するための薬学的組成物であって、mTOR阻害剤を含むI型IFN阻害剤と、SVVまたはSVV誘導体と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む薬学的組成物。
- その必要がある患者におけるがんを治療するための、mTOR阻害剤を含むI型IFN阻害剤と、SVVまたはSVV誘導体を含む薬学的組成物の使用。
- その必要がある患者におけるがんを治療するための、製薬における、mTOR阻害剤を含むI型IFN阻害剤と、SVVまたはSVV誘導体を含む薬学的組成物の使用。
- ANTXR1の前記発現レベルが、ANTXR1のmRNAまたはANTXR1のタンパク質のレベルに基づいて決定される、請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- I型IFNの前記発現レベルが、I型IFNのバイオマーカーmRNAまたはI型IFNのバイオマーカータンパク質のレベルに基づいて決定される、請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記患者が、チェックポイント阻害剤、PD-1阻害剤、PD-L1阻害剤、CTLA-4阻害剤、サイトカイン、成長因子、光増感剤、毒素、siRNA分子、シグナル伝達調節因子、抗がん剤、抗がん抗体、血管新生阻害剤、化学療法剤、抗転移剤、免疫療法剤、CAR療法、樹状細胞ベースの治療法、がんワクチン、腫瘍溶解性ウイルス、人工抗がんウイルス、またはウイルス誘導体、およびこれらいずれかの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの抗がん治療剤を投与される、請求項1~8のいずれか1つに記載の方法または薬学的組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの抗がん治療剤が、前記SVVの投与前、投与中、または投与後に投与される、請求項9に記載の方法または薬学的組成物。
- 前記mTOR阻害剤が、mTORC1およびmTORC2の少なくとも1つを阻害する、請求項1~10のいずれか1つに記載の方法または薬学的組成物。
- 前記mTOR阻害剤がトリン2である、請求項11に記載の方法または薬学的組成物。
- 前記がんは、トリプルネガティブ乳がん、小細胞肺がん、非小細胞扁平上皮がん、皮膚がん、肝細胞がん、大腸がん、子宮頸がん、卵巣がん、子宮内膜がん、膵臓がん、甲状腺がん、腎臓がん、骨がん、食道がん、軟部組織がんまたはANTXR1が発現している任意のがんを含む、請求項1~12のいずれか1つに記載の方法または薬学的組成物。
- 前記がんは子宮頸がんを含む、請求項13に記載の方法または薬学的組成物。
- 前記患者が、HDAC阻害剤、JAK/STAT阻害剤、IFN阻害剤、IFN抗体、IFN-α受容体1抗体、IFN-α受容体2抗体、およびウイルス性ペプチド、かつこれらいずれかの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのI型IFN阻害剤を追加で投与される、請求項1~14のいずれか1つに記載の方法または薬学的組成物。
- 前記HDAC阻害剤がトリコスタチンAである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記JAK/STAT阻害剤がスタウロスポリンである、請求項15~16のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- がんを治療するための薬物の製造における使用のためのmTOR阻害剤を含むI型IFN阻害剤と組み合わせたセネカバレーウイルス(SVV)またはSVV誘導体であって、前記がんは炭疽毒素受容体1(ANTXR1)のの基準値より高いANTXR1の発現レベルによって特徴付けられるものであり、および、前記I型IFN阻害剤は、前記がんにおけるI型IFNの発現レベルを低下させることで前記SVVまたは前記SVV誘導体の複製が促進され、前記がんが縮小または消滅する、SVVまたはSVV誘導体。
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