JP2022159729A - Magnetic force connection panel toy with spherical magnet embedded to corner of regular polygon and electrification thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a great change for dramatically enhancing strength of a three-dimensional shape as a group by accurately guiding and adsorbing a face total to the three-dimensional shape to solve a problem that concentration of an infant to idea for the three-dimensional shape is spoiled due to constant correction of deviation of position of connection of sides, in a toy for constituting a three-dimensional shape with magnets embedded in a regular polygon panel.SOLUTION: By only point contacts of partial spherical surfaces obtained by embedding spherical magnets to corners of a regular polygon, it is guided by magnetic force accurately and mechanically to a fitting position, and finally with magnetic lock the problem is solved.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 62

Description

The present invention uses panels of regular triangles, squares, regular pentagons, regular hexagons, etc., with equivalent side lengths, and uses regular tetrahedrons, cubes, regular octahedrons, regular dodecahedrons, and icosahedrons.・Regarding a panel set for children's toys that constructs a three-dimensional structure of a polyhedron such as a compound tridodecahedron (hereafter referred to as a polyhedral solid in this application) and a three-dimensional object that is further developed with free ideas by magnetic connection. It is a thing. The present invention also relates to motorization in which the magnets embedded in the assembled structures are used as part of the rotor, and a driving current is applied to the stator coils arranged around the rotor to allow autonomous movement.

A conventional magnetic connection toy, in which panels are assembled by magnetic attraction force, is a regular polygonal panel with a uniform length, and magnetized in the center of each side, for example, with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 10 mm, in the diameter direction. A cylindrical magnet (hereinafter referred to as a cylindrical magnet) is embedded with a gap that allows it to rotate freely. First, when the sides of two regular polygons are brought close to each other, the north and south poles are coaxially opposed with their magnetization axes facing each other. Then, while being attracted, the panel is bent at an appropriate angle around the contact line of the side, and the third regular polygonal panel is connected to the two open sides to form a three-dimensional structure. is what begins. By repeating this process, you can trace the memory of three-dimensional recognition in the process of arriving at a model that has already been assembled in order, or create a new shape while conceiving a new model in the process of adsorbing the panel. Refining the memory and imagination of how to get there, and enjoying the training of discovering the regularity of the three-dimensional structure by themselves with their mothers.
In this process, the three-dimensional figure that is nearing completion may collapse, and if you only focus on correcting the misalignment when connecting sides, you will not be able to concentrate on thinking freely. It is desirable to replace the adsorption of the panel with one that engages with a gentler force and with higher positional accuracy than the current one, while enhancing the rigidity of the finished three-dimensional model several times. In addition, there is a problem of wanting to reduce the material cost of the cylindrical magnet, which occupies about two-thirds of the manufacturing cost of the magnetic connection toy, in order to purchase an educational toy for an infant. Ideally, without going through the un-necessary setup of connecting the sides of the regular polygon with magnetic force first, the entire surface will either mechanically fit directly into the correct position of the three-dimensional modeling, or magnetic force will be applied. When removing a regular polygonal panel from a three-dimensional object, instead of peeling off the adsorption at the side, the surface can be gently removed and the remaining three-dimensional shape is safe. The finished three-dimensional object is supported not by its sides but by its surfaces, maintaining its rigidity. is desirable. Regarding these essential problems, in the technical field of magnetic connection panels, the mechanism of three-dimensional modeling collapse has not been sufficiently organized and understood, and it has been on the market as a toy for many years. It can be said that it is required to start up the understanding of the mechanism from the foundation.

Children will eventually run out of new ideas and get tired of simply assembling three-dimensional objects. The toy set includes parts for placing it on a stand with wheels that imitate a car so that you can play by moving it by hand, or by constructing a Ferris wheel and playing by turning it by hand. is common. However, a toy that is a miniature version of a real car with wheels and can be moved by hand is extremely inexpensive, so I decided to leave it to that. It is conceivable to integrate the original role of intellectual education with the addition of scientific elements that draw out abilities as a developmental value and interest.

これら＜MagFrame＞、＜MagSide＞、＜MagEdge＞、＜MagPole＞の特質を、前提条件を揃えて（表1）に比較した。パネルや支柱で立方体を構成する時に、＜MagPole＞が使用する磁石の総体積を１とすると、市場競争で独走状態にある＜MagEdge＞の総体積は３、＜MagSide＞と＜MagFrame＞は共に７．５である。但し前述のように＜MagSide＞は異方性フェライト磁石を使ってコストを抑えることができる。多くの消費者が初回の購入時のパネル数が少ないので後に買い足していることを考えると、パネルの原価の大半が磁石の材料費であるのを、体積が１／３かそれ以下に減らせることは重要である。特性として、付け加えて行くパネルが緩い力で、且つ高い位置精度で立体造形に引き付けられること、引き剥がす力も穏やであるのに、完成した立体造形は簡単には崩れないようにすること、の両面を卓越して持っている＜MagPole＞形式の自立配向のメカニズムが、電流と電流の間のローレンツ力である磁気の本質の現れであるが故に、見落とされて来たと言える。
In principle, as shown in FIG. 1, about four main means of the magnetic connection panel are conceivable. The oldest devised example is a form in which a rotatable cylindrical magnet is embedded in the center of the side of a regular polygonal panel, and occupies most of the magnetic connection educational toys currently supplied. In this format, the connection of the panels becomes inaccurate, and the shape of the regular polygonal panel remains misaligned due to the maximum static friction generated by the adsorption force of the sides, and the next panel further accumulates misalignment. It sticks, and the infant has to keep correcting the misalignment all the time to adjust the shape, and there is a problem that the 3D model assembled in that way will be crushed just by holding it in your hand. This scheme is hereinafter referred to as the <MagEdge> format in this application because it connects the edges of the panels.
On the other hand, in a later proposal, square magnets that cannot rotate on each side of the regular polygonal panel are magnetized in the +Y direction of the XY rectangular cross section, and the panel is attached to the end face of the regular polygonal side. Each side is provided with a complementary pair of another prismatic magnet embedded so that both NS magnetic poles appear in the thickness direction, and magnetized in the -Y direction on the end face of the same side so that SN magnetic poles appear. On the other hand, if it is a regular M-square, it is a square fixed magnet type that requires 2M magnets. This type uses two magnets on each side, and since the sides of the rectangular magnet are in surface contact, the magnetic force is large, and the saturation magnetic flux density is about 1/3 that of the neodymium magnet. Replaced with an anisotropic ferrite magnet. Therefore, even if two complementary wires are required, the material cost can be prevented from increasing. This format is referred to hereinafter as the <MagSide> format because it uses the N and S poles of the magnets facing sideways rather than facing each other.
Children who are familiar with the fact that magnets attract and repel each other depending on the direction, the <MagSide> format, even though the square magnet does not rotate, will stick to the panels even if they are placed next to each other, overlapped, or turned over. , there is fun to deepen the inquisitive mind. However, when the sides are joined together, the sides cannot be rounded like other types, so the distance between the centers of the connected magnets changes depending on the angle at which the panel is bent, which causes the problem of weakening the magnetic force. In the <MagSide> format, 24 adjacent magnet pairs of 48 embedded square fixed magnets are arranged when a cube is composed of 6 square panels, as shown enlarged in (Fig. 2). I found the existence of a clever combination that attracts all of them.
From another point of view, the soft iron ball is regarded as one atom, and the atoms extend their bonds and bond in the XYZ and diagonal directions. There are toys that magnetize soft iron balls and connect them directly. In the present application, this method, which has something in common with the idea of the architectural framework construction method, is hereinafter referred to as the <MagFrame> format. In this method, it is not possible to prepare the length of the support magnets as many as the square of the number of types of atoms. Atoms no longer match the entities that make up the molecules and lattices, leaving nothing but the fun of being a toy. In addition, compared to other types of three-dimensional models that consist of only surfaces, it takes too much time and effort for young children to assemble, and there is a problem that they tend to end up enjoying the work itself.
In contrast to these conventional techniques, there is a method that has not been examined so far, although it is commonplace. By embedding spherical magnets in M corners instead of in the center of M sides of a regular M-gon, a three-dimensional model is formed, and three or more regular polygon corners always gather at one point for collective magnetic coupling. is a method of doing Compared to the <MagEdge> format, which is the mainstream in terms of shipping volume, where the sides are connected in a 1:1 relationship, the rigidity of the 3D model during assembly and the finished model is high, and the positional accuracy in which the panel is pulled in and attached. is high and the volume of the magnet is minimal. In this application, this method of gathering corners is hereinafter referred to as the <MagPole> format. The reason why this method was not explored as a toy is that when the sides are magnetically coupled, it is a two-way relationship, and the magnets are oriented in a rotationally self-sustaining manner, or a special magnet that always attracts in any posture, such as the <MagSide> format. If a spherical magnet is embedded in the corners of a regular polygon, three or more corners of regular polygons will gather at the vertices of the solid. , 1:1 self-directed orientation, that is, the general idea that the magnetic force is the action of the attraction of the N and S poles, has remained untouched until now.

The characteristics of these <MagFrame>, <MagSide>, <MagEdge>, and <MagPole> were compared (Table 1) with the same preconditions. If the total volume of the magnets used by <MagPole> is 1 when composing a cube with panels and columns, the total volume of <MagEdge>, which is leading the competition in the market, is 3, and both <MagSide> and <MagFrame> 7.5. However, as mentioned above, <MagSide> uses anisotropic ferrite magnets to keep costs down. Considering that many consumers purchase more panels later because the number of panels is small at the time of initial purchase, it is possible to reduce the volume to 1/3 or less, while most of the cost of the panel is the material cost of the magnet. It is important to As a characteristic, the panel to be added is attracted to the three-dimensional model with a loose force and high positional accuracy, and the force to peel off is gentle, but the completed three-dimensional model does not easily collapse. It can be said that the <MagPole> type self-orientation mechanism, which has both sides prominent, has been overlooked because it is a manifestation of the essence of magnetism, which is the Lorentz force between electric currents.

Patent No. 3822062 US9636600B2

It is called a three-dimensional assembly puzzle, and as shown in Fig. 3, the <MagFrame> format, in which ferromagnetic soft iron balls are attracted by thin bar magnets of uniform length to create a strut connection structure, basically consists of three parts. Although it depends on the square stability principle, if the shape is not always stable and distorted, a polygonal auxiliary panel prepared in advance is fitted between the pillars to maintain the shape. If you treat this as an intellectual education, you will be preoccupied with mechanical assembly before you can conceive of three-dimensional objects compared to a regular polygonal panel with magnets embedded and magnetically connected, and a large scale like a jungle gym. When it becomes, you can't stick your hands inside. Nevertheless, the reason why parents want to buy this toy for their children is that they want to let them come into contact with the principle of the joiner in the scientific system of chemistry from an early stage.
In the <MagFrame> form, when connecting soft iron spheres imitate the body-centered cubic lattice structure of the elementary particle world, the iron atoms at the vertices of the cube and the iron atoms at the body center have opposite spin directions, and the ratio is Since the ratio is 1:1, spins are canceled unless an external magnetic field is applied. However, if there is a magnetic domain region with the spin axis pointing +Z/−Z, and if there is a region next to it with the spin axis pointing +X/−X or +Y/−Y, the inside of the boundary is called the magnetic domain. came When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin axes of the iron atoms at the vertices and the iron atoms at the center of the body are differentially tilted, which is called soft magnetization. It is hard magnetization that makes rotation difficult at a certain angle.
When soft iron is oxidized, it becomes red rust Fe ₂ O ₃ and black rust Fe ₃ O ₄ , and oxygen atoms prevent the spins of iron atoms from tilting differentially, creating a coercive force. It is known that the size of the orbital electron sphere of each atom increases in proportion to Z ^0.75 with respect to the atomic number Z, and the <MagFrame> format corresponds to ₂ He ~ ₉₂ U to reflect this. Only ⁹¹² types of pole magnets with different lengths must be available. Soft-iron balls and fixed-length post magnets mimic the structure of atoms and molecules, which mothers believe, and toy brochures say, fear leading infants into a simplistic unreal world. There is
In the <MagFrame> format experiment, as shown in the image (Fig. 4), if the NS polarity is forward, the regular triangle will not be distorted, but the quadrangle will not only become a parallelogram, but will not be a single plane. . Also, as shown in Fig. 5, when three or more strut magnets are gathered in one soft iron connecting ball, the north pole-south pole approaches, and the same kind of north pole-north pole and south pole-south pole moves away. Since the soft iron ball is adsorbed, the symmetry is lost. In addition, there are various asymmetries caused by the magnetic poles of other bar magnets interfering through the soft iron ball, which impairs the precision of the molding, and there are many problems that do not occur with the panel connection. An orthodox teaching material reflecting the chemical bonds of the real world of elementary particles is provided in the correct form following the practice of the present invention.

When regular polygon panels are joined together to form a polyhedral solid, three regular polygon corners are often gathered at the vertex, and sometimes four or more corners are gathered. When two cylindrical magnets or spherical magnets saturated and magnetized in the diametrical direction are opposed to each other and freely rotated, they are self-oriented so that the N pole and the S pole are closest to each other. As shown in FIG. 6, the equivalent surface current density distribution is zero at both the N/S magnetic poles and is maximum at the equatorial latitude, but the portions with the lowest current densities face each other in the self-supporting orientation of the two. Looking at this phenomenon, even if the educational system of electromagnetism considers the function of magnets in terms of magnetic poles, the process of self-sustaining orientation can only be accurately understood by thinking in terms of the Lorentz force acting between currents in order to approach the facts. It can be understood. Thus far, there is no system of electromagnetism that can consider the self-sustaining orientation when two cylindrical magnets or three or more spherical magnets are gathered. It can be said that there was an untouched blank area in the magnetic connection panel.
The fact is clear for the four forms compared in Table 1 that, as shown in Figure 7, 2-9 spherical magnets placed on a flat table instantly form an annulus, The lines connecting the centers of the spherical magnets form coplanar regular polygons. Also, in the self-supporting orientation of 3 to 9 circular rings, as shown in FIG. 8, the equatorial great circle surface of the spherical magnet is oriented so as to face the center of the circular ring. On the other hand, two spherical magnets are based on the conventional understanding of electromagnetism, in which equatorial great circles with north and south poles facing each other as magnetic poles are parallel. It can be said that it was not easy to recognize the direction of the equivalent surface current in the free-standing orientation.
Furthermore, when three spherical magnets are gathered in one place and arranged in a circular ring, one spherical magnet attracts the remaining two spherical magnets, so the cylindrical magnet embedded in the side attracts only one cylindrical magnet. Compared to , it can be said that it is four times more advantageous in combination with attracting at the corners at both ends of one side, and considering the positional deviation, the partial spherical surface The point-to-point contact provides much higher positional accuracy than a long cylindrical magnet embedded in the center of each side forming a contact line.

The spherical magnets embedded in the corners of the regular polygon are rounded by the diameter of the partial spherical surface of the partition wall that gives them the freedom to rotate, and the rounded semi-cylindrical outer sides that are continuous with it connect the partial spherical surfaces at both ends. In the case of <MagPole> format panels where the sides of two regular polygonal panels do not touch because they are retracted inside the line, four square panels are placed on the XY plane as shown in (Fig. 9) and spread out. , the four spherical magnets at the corners are self-oriented with the NS polarity clockwise or counterclockwise with the equatorial great circle facing the center of the annulus. In this case, the four corner-rounded partial spheres of the four panels surrounding the four spherical magnets are in point contact at a total of four points with minimal static friction, but there are gaps between the sides of each panel. There is no frictional force due to the fact that they are not in contact with each other. If you put four orthogonal panels parallel to the YZ and ZX planes on top of the tiles on which these panels are spread, the four corners of the four panels on the dents between the lower four panels The spherical surface is in point contact at a total of four locations, but there are gaps between all sides.
In this way, when a 3D model is constructed with <MagPole> format panels, only the point contact of the partial spheres at the corners of the regular polygon mechanically adheres to a state in which movement is impossible, and on top of that, it is magnetically locked. can be understood to be multiplied. The equivalent side lengths of <MagPole> type panels are the center-to-center distances of the corner spherical magnets, which are aligned between each regular polygonal panel, so The spherical magnets are in point contact with each of the four spherical magnets in the figure at a minimum distance. In the example of the upper and lower two-stage coupling shown in FIG. 9, a total of 8 spherical magnets are adjacent to each other at one corner, and the partial spherical surfaces are in point contact at a total of 16 points. As for the direction of the circular ring orientation, the SN poles are clockwise in both the upper and lower stages. The bond is strong and one spherical magnet is in contact bonding with many other spherical magnets. On the other hand, in the <MagEdge> format, in which cylindrical magnets are embedded in the sides, one of the three cylindrical magnets in the upper and lower stages is only attracted to the remaining two cylindrical magnets, so the magnet utilization efficiency is extremely low. The reason why it is more likely to collapse is that there is no mechanical engagement, so the panels remain relatively displaced and form a mass.
On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 10, when four tiles parallel to the upper XZ plane and the YZ plane that are perpendicular to each other form a shape rotated 45 degrees, the spherical magnets at the corners are the true Coming to the top, it does not enter the recess between the edges of the four tiles in the lower row, but the orientation of the circular ring orientation of the four spherical magnets in the upper row is opposite to that in the lower row, and there are a total of 12 locations. The partial spheres make point contact, and the bond is somewhat weak. If the four spherical magnets are oriented in a circular ring, resulting in a clockwise NS permutation, it cannot be reversed to the SN permutation except by breaking the four apart.
(Fig. 11) shows images of two stable states in which an annular array of four spherical magnets is stacked one on top of the other. In each stage of four rings, the eight spherical magnets instantaneously take one of these forms. The coupling is strong when the upper sphere enters between the lower spheres, and slightly weaker when the sphere sits directly above the other spheres. When the upper and lower layers are arranged separately in a circular arrangement and are brought close together, the permutation of NS determines whether the panels are positioned directly above or in the middle. is the principle. The collective bonding force is established flexibly and autonomously and optimally, and infants cannot influence it, but the independent orientation of atoms/molecules is accepted by infants after life is born in the mother body, and the force of atoms is applied. It can be said that true intellectual training is to accept the instantaneous circular orientation of the spherical magnet as it is as it is, just as the body and mind have grown based on it.
When the corners of the four tiles that are orthogonal to each other on the lower side of the lower row are sucked together, a total of 12 consistent unity and unity forces are obtained. There is a perfect harmony between watching the opponent's movement and instantly matching it. This gives the three-dimensional shape the characteristic that it does not collapse easily and joins together. In general, there is a risk when a small group is accepted by a large group, and the principle of the magnetic connection panel that the group develops as an individual is taken into the group. It can be said that there is
The main point of the <MagPole> format is to retract the roundness of the semi-cylindrical shape on the side of the panel so that it never touches. It fits in precisely with force and does not move after that. This is because infants realize that the destruction of the material made up of atoms is similar to the collapse of one end of the lattice structure and the occurrence of an avalanche phenomenon. , to master the basics of intellectual education.
In the form of <MagPole>, four spherical magnets are gathered at one vertex of a polyhedral solid and oriented in an annulus shape. They are oriented in both the positive and negative directions, and have a commonality with the magnetization, which is the sum of their vectors, being zero. Two vertex atoms and two body-center atoms of the soft iron lattice unit are spin-oriented in a rectangular ring array as a spherical magnet with a spherical current distribution of an orbital electron sphere. Since the body-centered cubic of soft iron repeats three-dimensionally in all XYZ directions, the equatorial great circle does not pass through the center of the ring as in the <MagPole> format. The magnetic poles of spin atoms and R spin atoms are opposite in the Z-axis direction. When an external magnetic field is applied in the X direction, the L spin atoms at the vertices of the cube are tilted by the Lorentz force, and the R spin atoms at the center of the body are differentially tilted in the opposite direction. Only the magnetization component in the X-axis direction appears. That is, in a body-centered cubic lattice of iron with spin axes directed in both the positive and negative directions of the Z-axis, when an external magnetic field is applied in the X-axis direction, it is proportionally magnetized in the X-axis direction. Similarly, in a body-centered cubic lattice of iron with spin axes directed in both the positive and negative directions of the Z-axis, it is proportionally magnetized in the Y-axis direction when an external magnetic field is applied in the Y-axis direction. In this way, magnetic domains with spin axes in both the positive and negative directions of the Z axis cannot be magnetized in the Z axis direction, but are magnetized proportionally in the direction of the vector by an external magnetic field component along the XY plane. Since this clear mechanism has not been shared as a magnetic theory, the magnetic domain, which is a unit of continuous body-centered cubic lattice of pure iron, is distributed in the XYZ directions with equal probability, and the magnetic domain boundary is determined by the direction of the applied external magnetic field. So far there has been a monopoly of interpretations in which optical microscopy that moves or the boundaries remain the same is narrated.
Like this example, the <MagPole> form resembles the most common form in the world of elementary particles. The difference between the spin currents of the spherical magnet and the orbital electron sphere is that in the spherical magnet, the equivalent surface current density at the poles decreases in proportion to the radius of the small circle at high latitudes, but in the orbital electron sphere, the unit charge −q is electrostatic. It is uniformly distributed on the surface of the sphere, and both the equator and the poles maintain the same rotational linear velocity of the speed of light C. produce. In that sense, a shape that is completely similar to the world of elementary particles cannot be realized with a spherical magnet in the macroscopic world, but if necessary, it can be realized with an electromagnet that weights the current proportional to latitude θ by 1/cos θ with a spherical electromagnetic coil. can.

In the form shown in Fig. 12, the <MagEdge> form, in which cylindrical magnets are embedded in the sides of a regular polygon, cannot connect the corners of the panel. connected with The reason why the cylindrical magnet is embedded in the center of the side of the square is that when the sides of the two panels are attracted to each other, the panel is freely twisted around the contact point with the spherical magnet, whereas the cylindrical magnet It is a desire that it is difficult to twist by contacting along, but in reality it easily rotates 180 degrees, which often causes the three-dimensional modeling to collapse. In addition, there is a problem that the thickness of the panel increases if the diameter of the magnet is increased to compensate for the assumption that the attractive force of a single spherical magnet is rather weak. Rather than embedding the magnets in the center of the sides, it is better to embed two spherical magnets with a diameter of 5mm as shown in (Fig. 13) with a little distance between the two panels. The problem is that two halves of the sphere magnets that are adjacent to each other are oriented to each other and have an effect on the side-to-side connections. For that purpose, if the two spherical magnets are placed far enough apart to reach the corner, the panel will not rotate and the number of magnets will not be doubled.
If the three-dimensional modeling is a symmetrical shape such as the compound triicosahedron (fullerene) shown in (Fig. 14), the rigidity of the three-dimensional modeling will be high due to the high positional accuracy with which the constituent panels are attracted. However, what young children are interested in developmentally is not the perfect symmetrical form, but rather the application that completes the part that gives change. Therefore, the strength of the imperfect shape must also be considered.
As shown in Fig. 15, between the combination of embedding cylindrical magnets in the sides of a regular polygon and embedding spherical magnets in the corners, the latter is better because it has fewer joints in terms of maintaining rigidity. The reason for the favorable trial and error results can be clearly understood.

In the <MagEdge> format, two parallel rectangular currents face each other and share a central axis, as shown in (Fig. 16). Current element I1 is on edge ab of loop # ₁ and acts on current element _I2 on loop #2. A normal to side ab from _I2 comes to point m. The magnetic field H produced by I ₁ at point k at the location of I ₂ at point l is perpendicular to the triangular plane k-l-m. The electromagnetic force due to I ₂ and H is perpendicular to both vector I ₂ and vector H, and therefore parallel to side ce. The two rectangles share the central axis, and what we are ultimately looking for is the magnetic force in the direction of the central axis. does not have a vector component of Therefore, it can be seen that the force between the rectangular currents should be calculated between parallel sides.
From the symmetry of the integration range, the attractive forces of all sides of the #1 rectangle and quarter sides of the #2 rectangle should be quadrupled as shown in (Formula 1). This is the orthogonality of the Lorentz action, which is often not recognized correctly.
Numerical calculation of the two-party relationship of the cylindrical magnet is (horizontal line + vertical line of loop #1) * (horizontal line + vertical line of loop #2) * (depth of loop #1) * (depth of loop #2) Quadruple integral is fine.

In electromagnetism, there are many cases where confusion and inconvenience are caused because the concept of magnetic field is used across both phenomena of Lorentz force and current induction, but these two are different things. Faraday's electromagnetic induction expressed that the amount of time change in the total number of magnetic fluxes passing through the area surrounded by the metal conductor forming the loop becomes the open terminal voltage when one point of the loop is cut off, but this is originally the current _Attempting to be induced from the direct current regardless of the frequency _ω is blocked by the copper loss r. It is proportional to an anonymous number like the magnetic coupling coefficient, and the response is only cut off at frequencies below f _C due to the presence of copper loss r. If the loop is superconducting, then r=0 and current induction occurs at DC and continues to flow. Rather, as shown in Fig. 17, Lenz's law looks only at the positive or negative direction of the result in relation to the ratio of anonymous numbers whose cause is current and whose result is current, regardless of frequency. It can be said that it was an expression and intuitively discerned the causal relationship of things.
Infants are also endowed with this kind of intuition that does not relate things of different dimensions, and establishing it in early childhood is one of the fundamental parts of intellectual education. Lenz's law, Biot-Savart law, and Lorentz's law were necessary, and Faraday's law and Fleming's right-hand/left-hand rule hindered numerical calculations. There are many examples of industrial products that are slow to reach the best mode design because of this. It can be said that industrial products are designed and shipped in the best mode from the beginning, without relying on repetition of trial and error and breakthroughs in experiments, when PC calculations with formulas, not the finite element method, are possible.
As shown in (Fig. 17), the current I ₁ flowing through point #A is proportional to 1/R ² in the direction along the arc containing the current I ₁ and point #B in the conductor at point #B, which is separated by R. induces a current _I2 that The currents _I2 induced in the looped conductors are mutually induced to a common current value and are balanced from direct current. The induced current becomes HPF response with time constant L/r of loop inductance L and copper loss r. When vector currents I and J are flowing in points #A and #B separated by R, no force acts between vectors Ix and Jx that are in-line on the line segment connecting the two points. On the YZ plane perpendicular to this, Iy-Jy and Iz-Jz face each other in parallel, and the Biot-Savart magnetic field that exerts the Lorentz force between them is multiplied by sinθ to remove the In-Line component. I am just doing To find the force between the currents of I ₁ and I ₂ in three-dimensional space, multiply the inner product of the vectors on the parallel plane, excluding the In-Line component along the line segment R connecting the two points, by 1/R ² . The inner product is the square root of the sum of the squares of the products of parallel vectors projected onto arbitrary YZ coordinates, and is constant regardless of how the coordinates are taken. This is the orthogonal principle that is effective when calculating the Lorentz force, and is not widely known as such an understanding.
For the optimal design of each of the three methods <MagEdge>, <MagSide>, and <MagPole>, using the formulas described below, the PC calculation is completed in one day, and as long as the magnet is saturated magnetized, the prototype experiment is It is nothing more than a reaffirmation of the facts. This is the meaning of ancient theory teaching practice.

In the qualitative comparison of <MagEdge>, <MagSide>, and <MagPole> (Table 1), the size of the circular cross-section/angular cross-section of the magnet, which determines the thickness of the panel, is the same. In the <MagEdge> model, one N35 grade neodymium magnet of 5 mmφ and 10 mm height is used for each side of a regular polygon, but the case where this is replaced with a N35 grade neodymium magnet of 5 mmφ sphere is also examined.
In the <MagPole> format, a 5 mmφ N35 grade neodymium spherical magnet is used at each corner of the regular polygon, and in the <MagSide> format, a 5 mm square, 10 mm high N35 grade neodymium square magnet is used on each side of the regular polygon. 2 are used for 1, and 3 types are compared by exact numerical calculations in which they are replaced with anisotropic ferrite to suppress the magnetic force.
First, as shown in Fig. 18, when a cylindrical magnet or a spherical magnet is saturated and magnetized in the diameter direction of a circular cross section, the equivalent surface current density distribution is proportional to sin θ at the angle θ in polar coordinates on the circular cross section, and 2 In two cylindrical magnets or two spherical magnets, the portions where the current density is zero are in contact with each other. However, the current density distribution is uniform on both end faces of the cylindrical magnet. On the other hand, when the rectangular magnet is opposed, the current density distribution is uniform over the entire side surface, and therefore the attracting force is strong. Although the cylindrical magnets and spherical magnets are in contact with each other at the portions where the current density is the lowest, the attracting force of this coaxially facing posture is large.
When three spherical magnets #1/#2/#3 are oriented in an inverted triangular position, #2 moves along the surface of #1 and moves toward #1 as shown in (Fig. 19). If you roll them to the side and face each other, the poles will face each other coaxially, so the attractive force of #1 and #2 will be the maximum adsorption force. However, the power of the group overcomes it, and when #2 is released, it rotates along the surface of #1 and instantly returns to the fixed position right beside #3. In this reverted position, #2 and #3 are 60 degrees each off the coaxial pole-to-pole orientation, or rather 30 degrees off the weakest equator-to-equator orientation. . In this way, the self-supporting orientation of the circular ring cannot be understood unless it is treated as a group.

次に（図２３）に示す、５ｍｍφ、１０ｍｍ高のネオジウム円柱磁石を正多角形の各辺に埋め込んだものをＮＳ極対向させた自立配向では、（数４）と（数５）で数値計算され、距離ｄに対して（図２４）に示す減衰曲線となる。並行して、５ｍｍφ、５ｍｍ高の円柱磁石の自立対向も数値計算して、端面電流と側面電流の寄与の割合を調べる。５ｍｍ高でも１０ｍｍ高でも端面電流の寄与は大差がないが、側面電流の寄与は差がある。両者の和を取ると５ｍｍ高と１０ｍｍ高では２倍程の吸着力の違いなので、体積を増す効果がそのまま表れている。磁力は、球体磁石の極間距離ｄが０．５ｍｍ＋０．５ｍｍでは４．４程の正規化吸着力である。

更に、３個の球体磁石が円環状に並ぶ自立配向で引き合う時の磁気引力は（数６）で表され、表面間距離に対して（図２５）に示した変化となり、ｄが０．５ｍｍ＋０．５ｍｍでは２．７程の正規化吸着力である。

従って＜MagPole＞形式の３個の球体磁石の円環自立配向の吸着力は、＜MagEdge＞形式の２個の円柱磁石の同軸対向自立配向の吸着力の６割程であり、これは立体全体の剛性が数倍に向上するなら、１枚のパネルが強引に引っ張られる力は弱まるので幼児にとって好ましいことである。
最後に＜MagSide＞形式では、（図２６）に示す５ｍｍ角、１０ｍｍ高のＮ３５等級のネオジウム角型磁石を真横に置いた弱い吸着力の隣り合わせ姿勢の磁力を（数７）で、隅が接したまま一方を１８０度折り返して正面対向する強い吸着力を（数８）で数値計算するが、最も多用される２つのパネルが直角に接続される吸着力はその中間の大きさなので数値計算を省略する。（図２７）に示した計算結果は、隣り合わせの姿勢でも重ね合わせの姿勢でも正規化吸着力はｄが０．５ｍｍ＋０．５ｍｍでは３４程度になり明らかに強すぎる。そこで飽和磁束密度がネオジウム磁石のＮ３５等級の１／３程である異方性フェライト磁石に置き換えると、吸着力は１／９ほどになり、＜MagEdge＞形式と同程度の吸着力であるが、磁石の材料費が下がるか上がるかは一概には言えない。

In the numerical calculation of the magnetic force of each type, as shown in Fig. 20, the equivalent surface current density is uniform in the <MagSide> type fixed square magnet pair, but the rotation of the <MagEdge> type columnar magnet Orientation, two spheres coaxially facing each other as a reference, and annular orientation of 3-person spherical magnets in <MagPole> format, it is necessary to include one-dimensional and two-dimensional surface current density distributions in numerical calculations. be.
First, in the numerical calculation of the self-orientation of two spherical magnets, the Lorentz force between two circular currents is the Lorentz force. The magnetic field at the location b away from the axis can be obtained by single integration, double integration is performed in the X-axis direction, and the triple integration can be obtained in the form of (Equation 3). The result obtained is (FIG. 22), where the normalized magnetic force is a normalized attraction force of about 2 for a spherical magnet pole-to-pole distance d of 0.5 mm+0.5 mm.
In the notation of this application, the horizontal axis d refers to the distance between the surfaces of the magnets, normalized to the radius of 1 for a uniform cylindrical magnet/spherical magnet, where d = 0.4 indicates that the two magnets are It refers to the state of having partition walls with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The vertical axis is the conversion shown in (Equation 11), with relative values shown such that 1 on the scale represents 58 grams force.

Next, as shown in FIG. 23, in a self-supporting orientation in which neodymium cylindrical magnets of 5 mmφ and 10 mm high are embedded in each side of a regular polygon and opposed to the N and S poles, numerical calculations are performed using (Equation 4) and (Equation 5). , resulting in the attenuation curve shown in (FIG. 24) with respect to the distance d. At the same time, numerical calculations are also performed for a cylindrical magnet of 5 mm diameter and 5 mm height, and the contribution ratio of the end face current and the side face current is examined. There is not much difference in the contribution of the end surface current between the height of 5 mm and the height of 10 mm, but there is a difference in the contribution of the side surface current. When the sum of both is taken, the difference in adsorption force between the height of 5 mm and the height of 10 mm is about twice, so the effect of increasing the volume is shown as it is. The magnetic force is a normalized attraction force of about 4.4 when the distance d between the poles of the spherical magnet is 0.5 mm+0.5 mm.

Furthermore, the magnetic attraction force when three spherical magnets are arranged in an annular shape and are attracted to each other in a self-supporting orientation is represented by (Equation 6). At 0.5 mm, the normalized adsorption force is about 2.7.

Therefore, the attracting force of the three spherical magnets of the <MagPole> type in the ring self-supporting orientation is about 60% of the attraction force of the two cylindrical magnets in the <MagEdge> form of coaxially facing self-supporting orientation. If the rigidity of the panel is improved several times, the force with which one panel is forcibly pulled is weakened, which is preferable for infants.
Finally, in the <MagSide> format, a 5 mm square, 10 mm high N35 grade neodymium square magnet shown in (Fig. 26) is placed right next to it, and the magnetic force of the weak attraction force is expressed by (Equation 7), and the corners are in contact. The strong attractive force of turning one panel over 180 degrees and facing it face-to-face is numerically calculated using (Equation 8). omitted. According to the calculation results shown in FIG. 27, the normalized attraction force is about 34 when d is 0.5 mm+0.5 mm, which is clearly too strong in both the side-by-side and superimposed orientations. Therefore, if we replace it with an anisotropic ferrite magnet whose saturation magnetic flux density is about 1/3 that of the N35 class of neodymium magnets, the attractive force will be about 1/9, which is about the same as the <MagEdge> type. It cannot be said unconditionally whether the material cost of magnets will decrease or increase.

（数１０）の四角で囲われた係数（sinβsinα）^２は球体磁石の表面電流密度分布の重み付けであって、球体磁石や円柱磁石ではこの重みづけを正しく付け加えなければならない。

In the numerical calculation of the magnetic force in the <MagPole> format, the spherical magnet #2 and #3 have a center positional relationship that is ±30 degrees laterally shifted from the spherical magnet #1, so the calculation becomes complicated. 28) must be performed, which leads to (Equation 9). The meaning of this formula is that the surface-to-surface distance d of the three spherical magnets is changed in common on the premise that the three spherical magnets maintain an equilateral triangular positional relationship. We want to know the change in the magnetic force when moving #1 away in the vertical direction while maintaining the distance between the surfaces. However, obtaining it requires sequential calculations because the state changes as shown in FIG. 29, and requires an enormous number of calculation days. For example, select a position where the distance d between the surfaces is 0.5 mm + 0.5 mm, and from the attracted state, the panel with the spherical magnet #1 embedded in the corner is attached. Since it is only necessary to obtain the torque at the moment of peeling off from certain #2 and #3, it is not necessary that the state changes and the calculation becomes sequential. That is, only the torque in the encircled portion at the moment when it is about to be peeled off in (FIG. 30) is significant.

The coefficient (sinβsinα) ² surrounded by a square in (Equation 10) is the weighting of the surface current density distribution of the spherical magnet, and this weighting must be correctly added to the spherical magnet and the cylindrical magnet.

The above normalized and numerically analyzed magnetic force can be converted to gram weight by (Equation 11), and one scale is 58 gram weight. The force to peel off one square panel in the <MagPole> format is 2.7 in normalized units, so multiplying by 4 times that by 58 grams force/scale yields approximately 630 grams force of magnetic force pulling a square apart. However, it is a little too big for young children, and there is a risk that they will not be able to adjust when peeling off with all their strength, and the three-dimensional modeling will collapse. If the diameter of the spherical magnet is made smaller, the adjustment of the attractive force becomes smaller in proportion to the square of the ratio.
(Fig. 31) compares the magnetic forces of two cylinders facing each other, two spheres facing each other, and three spheres facing an annular orientation. The <MagPole> form is clearly evaluated as the best in comparison as a sense by experiment. It is difficult for young children to put the key into the keyhole accurately, but the key is pulled into the keyhole independently, and what is required for young children is to determine whether the shape is correct. And once you know the benefits of taking care that things are done in order and correctly, free thinking usually comes from there.

これと比べて球体磁石を辺の中央に埋め込んだパネルを接続した場合の縦ずれは、縦ずれが大きくなると２つの球体磁石が回転して斜め位置で必ず同軸対向するので、６ｍｍのＸ方向の中心間距離に対して１．２ｍｍの縦ずれを起こした時に、ベクトル計算で最大摩擦係数０．２が縦ずれ解消の障壁になる。即ち最大摩擦係数が０．２なら、球体磁石を辺の中央に埋め込む形式では縦ずれは１．２ｍｍ以上にはならないのに対して、円柱磁石を埋め込む形式では縦ずれが大きくなったまま自力では戻らず、幼児はずれる度に修正を繰り返さねばならない。現在の磁力接続玩具の殆どが円柱磁石を用いているのは、２つのパネルの辺を隣り合せてくっつけた時に捻じれて１８０度回ってくっつくことがあるのを防ぐ目的であるが、しかしこの捻じれ発生は円柱磁石でも無くなる訳ではない。
一方＜MagPole＞形式では（図３３）に示すように、辺の両端に埋め込まれた球体磁石が、立体造形の頂点で３個以上の正多角形の角の球体磁石が円環状に自立配向するので、１：２の関係になり、縦ずれは原理的に小さく、また１つの辺の両端の球体磁石が原点復帰力を受け、両側から押さえられているので、多面立体の頂点で３つの正多角形の角が集まると、合計２個ではなく１２個の球体磁石が縦ずれを小さくするのに貢献する。 The reason why the 3D model assembled from <MagEdge> format panels collapses easily is that the cylindrical magnets embedded in the sides of the regular polygons that are attached to each other stand still with a vertical displacement. This is due to the sides of the square being rotated with respect to each other. First, the mechanism by which the columnar magnets remain vertically displaced will be explained. , the center point restoring force is calculated by (Equation 12) and has a magnitude of about 0.6. Even if the deviation is further 2 mm, the center point return force is saturated and does not increase from the magnitude of about 0.6. On the other hand, since they are attracted by a force of 5, if the maximum coefficient of static friction is 0.2, a static friction of 5*0.2=1 will work, and a midpoint return force of 0.6 will exceed this. The two panels stand still while being vertically displaced. Even if the grade of the neodymium magnet is raised, the maximum coefficient of static friction is determined by the state of the surface of the panel, so increasing the magnetic force does not solve the problem. Since this happens at all the joints, the three-dimensional modeling immediately collapses with all the panels misaligned, and the infant must continue to fine-tune all the magnetic joints, which is a characteristic of the <MagEdge> format.

In contrast, when connecting panels with spherical magnets embedded in the center of each side, the vertical misalignment increases, and the two spherical magnets rotate and always face each other at an oblique position. When a vertical deviation of 1.2 mm is caused with respect to the center-to-center distance, the maximum coefficient of friction of 0.2 is a barrier to elimination of vertical deviation in vector calculation. That is, if the maximum coefficient of friction is 0.2, the vertical displacement does not exceed 1.2 mm with the type in which the spherical magnet is embedded in the center of the side. It does not return and the correction must be repeated each time the infant deviates. The reason why most of the current magnetic connection toys use cylindrical magnets is to prevent the two panels from twisting and sticking 180 degrees when the sides of the panels are attached side by side. Twisting does not disappear even with cylindrical magnets.
On the other hand, in the <MagPole> format, as shown in Fig. 33, the spherical magnets embedded at both ends of the side are oriented independently in a ring at the vertices of the three-dimensional modeling. Therefore, the relationship is 1:2, the vertical deviation is small in principle, and the spherical magnets at both ends of one side receive the origin return force and are pressed from both sides, so there are three positives at the vertices of the polyhedral solid. When the corners of the polygon come together, a total of 12 spherical magnets, rather than 2, contribute to low longitudinal displacement.

When disk magnets magnetized in the thickness direction are coaxially opposed to each other as shown in FIG. 34, they are strongly attracted to each other, and if a thin film is sandwiched to reduce friction, they are relatively easily displaced in the perpendicular direction. On the other hand, if the disk magnets are placed next to each other and attracted by a weak magnetic force in which NS and SN are in parallel, they will not easily detach in the perpendicular direction. When two cylindrical magnets and two spherical magnets face each other so as to attract each other, the cylindrical magnets tend to shift vertically and hardly shift laterally, but the spherical magnets are less likely to shift in both directions. Thus, it can be understood that the <MagEdge> format is a pinpoint mechanism that easily causes vertical deviation, and the <MagPole> format is less likely to cause vertical deviation.
If two cylindrical magnets are attracted to (Fig. 35) and one is rotated, it will rotate relatively easily even if there is resistance. If two spherical magnets are attracted and one is rotated, it will rotate completely freely. show like. However, in the <MagPole> format, spherical magnets are embedded at both ends of the sides, so the panel does not rotate, and the panel can be removed by forcibly twisting it.
As shown in Fig. 36, three spherical magnets at the corners of a regular polygon are arranged in a self-supporting circular ring and collectively attracted. In the case of peeling, the spherical magnet embedded in that corner is the vector sum of the attractive forces with each of the other two spherical magnets. The force that tries to restore the displacement is greater in the annular arrangement of the spherical magnets than in the cylindrical magnets. Even though the volume of the cylindrical magnet is three times that of the spherical magnet, the <MagPole> format is superior in that it is less likely to cause longitudinal slippage, and the attractive force itself is gentle, so assembly is more comfortable.

The <MagEdge> model, which is widely used and embeds a freely rotating cylindrical magnet in the center of the side of a regular polygon, resulted in an inaccurate and fragile magnetic connection. The reason why it is possible to obtain accurate three-dimensional modeling and not to collapse while doing so is that it is possible to achieve the best mode for industrial products based on magnetic principles such as electric motors, using the conventional approach of electromagnetism, which uses magnetic lines of force, magnetic fields, and magnetic poles. It makes me fear that I can't do it. That is, the line of force/magnetic field/pole concept loses the vector element to be considered. Most engineers are taught that a magnet is the north and south poles that stick together as magnetic poles, as shown in (FIG. 37). However, in addition to the Co-Axial coupling in which the magnetization axes of the magnets are aligned, there is also the Co-Plane coupling in which the magnetization axes are aligned, and many engineers do not consider the latter first. If the magnets have a circular cross-section and are magnetized in the diametrical direction, the two magnets will always take a Co-Axial bond when they are self-oriented.
Many engineers are satisfied with the explanation that the lines of magnetic force repel each other when a bar magnet is placed vertically and the north and north poles repel each other and one floats in the air, but the only law that can explain this is Fleming's law. , and the lines of magnetic force do not repel each other and do not generate force. The mechanism is not the vertical magnetic field component of the lower bar magnet, but in the horizontal dissipation magnetic field, between the equivalent ambient current of the upper bar magnet and the Fleming's right-hand rule of electromagnetism and force, which acts upward. It becomes buoyancy. Similarly, the magnetic field lines of the solar wind do not descend perpendicularly to the aurora oval, creating a luminous curtain above and below. Electricity, magnetism, and force are orthogonal to each other. In this way, although the magnetic mechanism is more complicated than the electrostatic mechanism, the collapse due to the unreasonable desire to treat static electricity and magnetism on the same level continues to this day. > can be said to be of the form
As shown in (FIG. 38), the strength of the magnet can only be expressed in terms of the equivalent ambient current density. Even if you try to measure the magnetic field at the center of a thin disc magnet with a magnetic field probe, the magnetic field measured by the magnetometer is distributed only at the periphery, and there is no magnetic field sensor that can measure the magnetic field at the center. . Considering a small current loop in the center of the disc magnet, any magnetic field is the effect from the loop currents on the sides of the thin disc to cancel out the loop currents on the outside of the loop. For this reason, the idea of the number of magnetic fluxes crossing the section of the loop gives a correct result in the sense of inducing an open terminal voltage by electromagnetic induction, but it is meaningless and should be abolished. Considering current induction separately from magnetism, magnetism can be unified into the Lorentz force, which is the interaction between currents. Bringing magnetic lines of force/magnetic fields/magnetic poles into magnets always leads to some kind of mistake, so always thinking only in terms of current force is the only safety measure to avoid mistakes.
This is the origin of magnetism and one of the starting points of electromagnetism. As shown in FIG. 39, it can be said that three-dimensional modeling by magnetic connection had no choice but to gather the panels together at the corners from the beginning.

The <MagPole> format and the <MagEdge> format make the roundness of the sides and the roundness of the corners substantially the same, as shown in (FIG. 40). Especially in the <MagPole> form, when three regular polygons converge at one vertex of a polyhedral solid, it is guaranteed that the rounded corners will touch first and be oriented in an annular fashion, and the rounded edges will come closest to each other without touching. However, the <MagEdge> format does not have such a requirement and only leaves a gap so that the corners do not collide. If there is a gap in the roundness of the corners, the regular polygonal panel can be easily rotated, and if there is no gap in the roundness of the corners, the panel cannot move up and down.
As shown in Fig. 41, both the <MagPole> format panel and the <MagEdge> format panel have semi-cylindrical rounded sides. It fits, and where the two side cylindrical pipes intersect, the corner sphere magnets fit. In that sense, in the <MagPole> form, the roundness of the sides and the roundness of the corners are basically the same curvature as the starting point, and when regular polygons form a polyhedral solid, there are no gaps in either the sides or the corners. However, in reality, the partial spherical surfaces of the corners are in contact and the sides are not in contact, eliminating the friction of the sides, helping the magnetic force to correct the deviation, and this is one of the reasons for the high rigidity of the <MagPole> format. It has become.

The semi-cylindrical roundness of the sides of the <MagPole> format panel and the roundness of the spherical corners are interchanged depending on the number of corners of the regular polygon. Taking a square panel as an example, when two panels #A/#B are connected, the rounded corners of this bold line are always in contact, so the distance between the centers of the spherical magnets is constant, and the two-way spherical magnets are self-oriented and the north and south poles are always coaxially opposed to each other.
(FIG. 42) is common not only as a top view of the two corner sphere magnets at the ends of the side, but also as a top view of the <MagEdge> type side connection with embedded cylindrical magnets. In both cases, the connection is uncertain because the magnet rotates. In the case of the <MagEdge> format, even if the third panel #C is added, the connection of #A/#B remains undefined. However, since the corners of three or more regular polygons gather at the vertices of a polyhedral solid, the spherical magnets embedded in the corners are arranged in a circular ring of three or more, forming #A/#B/ like the <MagEdge> format. The positional relationship of #C is not undefined, and is uniquely determined as shown in (FIG. 43). In the <MagEdge> format, due to the 1:1 self-supporting orientation of the cylindrical magnets, the #C panel is easily twisted to participate in the connection, and remains twisted due to maximum static friction. .
In the <MagPole> format, 8 sets of spherical magnets, each consisting of 3 corners of a square that gathers at the 8 vertices of the cube, form a perfect equilateral triangular circular ring arrangement, resulting in an accurate and strong cube. It is the same that the construction of all regular polyhedrons results in a perfect circular ring arrangement. When the cube is viewed from above (Fig. 43), the spherical magnets embedded in the four corners of the top panel are located inside the corners of the side panels, so the top panel is stuck in the depression and cannot move. After the state is reached, the three-way orientation magnetic lock is applied. On the other hand, the <MagEdge> form becomes a cuboid, a cube only when manually modified, and one panel is stable while being twisted, which also needs to be manually modified to become a cube. . If you call this constant correction work intellectual education, the natural world where snow crystals form and the biological world governed by DNA are far more fully automated, and <MagEdge> goes against the idea of being able to truly learn about it. . The world of elementary particles is a world governed by physical dimensions and shapes, and it is a world in flux with the addition of spin magnetic attraction and repulsion, and the <MagPole> format exactly follows this rule.
As shown in FIG. 44, <MagPole> type panels also have the characteristic of receiving the new panel with high positional accuracy in the recess of the window frame into which the additional panel should be placed, caused by the rounded edges and corners. Since the <MagEdge> format panel is a magnetic connection of the sides, the focus is on the roundness of the sides, and the roundness of the corners is rounded and receded with a large curvature so that the corners do not collide with each other in all three-dimensional modeling. . Therefore, the rounded corners do not contribute to the rigidity and positional accuracy of the stereolithography. On the other hand, in the <MagPole> format, the curvature of the corners is strictly the same, and the point contact of the corners where the center-to-center distances of the spherical magnets are aligned establishes a connection, and the roundness of the sides recedes slightly inward. and do not touch. The <MagEdge> form looks similar, but the rounded edges meet and the corners do not.
A regular tetrahedron made up of four equilateral triangles with a cube made up of six squares as a boundary has faces and angles that intersect at acute angles, and a regular pentagon and more has faces and angles that meet at obtuse angles. In all of these, there is a recess for fitting the regular polygonal panel to be pasted into the open window frame, and the more the regular polygonal panel has more corners, the deeper the recess in which the panel fits. The <MagPole> panel, which has strict roundness standards, is already immobile without magnets. The magnetic force first attracts the exact position and direction of the dent determined by the roundness of the corners, and finally magnetically locks it, keeping it in place during the subsequent fabrication process. The <MagEdge> format panel has this mechanical shallow recess as a rounded edge, but the window frame to which the panel is added remains free to tilt like a seesaw, and there is no clear position to fit in. It tries to pull it back to the center with magnetic force, but it is blocked by maximum static friction. This is the clear difference in rigidity between the <MagPole> format and the <MagEdge> format.

Considering the division of roles between rounded sides and rounded corners in (Fig. 45), the <MagEdge> format is designed so that the rounded corners do not come into contact with others by moving the rounded corners back to the inside of the panel. When the sides of the panel are magnetically attracted to each other and come into line contact, the center point return force of the magnetic force cannot exceed the maximum static friction, and the deviation is maintained. On the other hand, in the <MagPole> format, the roundness of the sides recedes inward from the roundness of the corners, so the panels are in point contact on the partial spherical surfaces of the corners at both ends, and the sides are separated, so there is a large amount of static friction. Instead, the center point restoring force between the spherical magnets prevails, and the rounded corners slide and move to the final position. In its final position, the three rounded corners on both ends of each side are in contact with each other in an annular fashion, and the newly added panel is mechanically restrained by fitting into the recess and cannot move. magnetically locked.
The rounded corners of the panel correspond to the rounded precision joints of the joints of the human skeleton, and the elongated struts of the bones do not impede the movement of the joints. The <MagPole> format is based on the same principle as the function of this skeleton, muscles bend the joints, ligaments suppress bending to the opposite side, and limit slippage, making the skeleton of the whole body a strong structure. there is Clearly, the strength and precision of the magnetic connection panel must be maintained by the rounded corners.
Where panels #A/#B/#C form a solid in the <MagPole> format, if #D participates as shown in (Fig. 45), position #A/#B/#C There is no change in the relationship, and the positional relationship where #D is adsorbed sticks to the final position where the cube is completed. This is the same as crystal growth in the atomic world, and the atoms arrive at the correct position from the beginning, and there is no need to pack them afterwards.

Forming a triangular pyramid with three equilateral panels A/B/C as shown in (Fig. 46), the <MagPole> format is readily assembled and has sufficient rigidity without the addition of a base plate D. In the <MagEdge> format, it takes time to determine the shape while making adjustments to create a triangular pyramid with A/B/C, and it is extremely prone to crumbling. Inferior. Observing how it collapsed, in a nutshell, the cause was that the connection of the cylindrical magnets was not pinpoint, but rather loose.
Even if a cube is composed of six square panels, there is a clear difference between the <MagPole> and <MagEdge> formats in terms of the stability of the three-dimensional modeling. The <MagEdge> format, which should have a strong magnetic force, will never catch up with the ease of assembly and stability of the <MagPole> format.

The main problem with magnetic connection toys is that the panels are attracted to the correct target position by themselves with a magnetic force that is not too strong and sticks to them. It is necessary to get out of the never-ending state in which the is creating new gaps and never being complete. More than that, it is important that the assembled three-dimensional model has high rigidity and flexibility so that it does not collapse easily. It is also a serious problem that the number and types of panels are about doubled at the same price and there is no need for additional purchases. At the same time, if the force with which the panel is attracted is too strong for the infant, the age at which play can begin is delayed. Mothers who have seen their children play with the magnetic connection panel have the same evaluation, and the first is that the magnetic force is too weak and the three-dimensional modeling immediately collapses. Because the panels are stuck together, the overall shape easily collapses, and rather, the panel is required to be gently drawn into the three-dimensional structure, and sticking in the correct position is the top priority. I can say

As shown in (Fig. 47) comparing the <MagPole> and <MagEdge> forms, considering adding the last panel to the polyhedron to complete it, or removing one panel from the completed polyhedron: It is the <MagPole> type that is strongly drawn from near the precise target position and is difficult to tear off because the remaining panels are assembled in precise relative positions.
When a regular polygon is formed into a frame and the frame is tied with a string to maintain the three-dimensional structure of the regular polyhedron, as shown in (Fig. 48), each vertex position of the regular polyhedron is bound to stabilize it. , The shape does not change even if a little force is applied, but if the frame is tied at the sides, the shape will not be held together, and even if it is tightly tied and gathered, the shape will immediately collapse with the application of a small amount of force. Toddlers naturally come to understand this principle naturally, but they become more tangible through magnetic connection panels that embed spherical magnets in their corners. From this point of view, it can be said that the conventional panel format, in which the centers of the sides of regular polygons are attached together, should be replaced with one that gathers the corners. The conventional form of embedding a cylindrical magnet in the center of a side has 1/2 the total number of sides or a little less than the number of connection points. On the other hand, in the form of embedding spherical magnets in the corners, there is a difference in the number of connection points that are 1/3 of the total number of corners or less, and the correspondence relationship is that the solid with the smaller number is more stable. I understand.
What mothers want in a magnetically connected toy is to weaken the magnetic force that pulls the panel into the solid, to eliminate the trouble of having to constantly correct the panel that shifts immediately during assembly, and to make the finished solid. We agree on four points: I want you to improve the fact that it collapses easily, and I want you to increase the number of panels at the same price. In other words, even if the volume of the magnets used is small and the magnetic force of each individual is weak, all that can be done is to strengthen the cohesive force of the solid as a group with accuracy. realized by switching.

A joint is a mechanism that fixes one panel and bends the other panel connected via a hinge to change the angle. Always attach two hinges on the top and bottom of the door, and if you use one, it will rotate and break immediately. As shown in FIG. 49, in the magnetic connection panel, the bending work does not give meaning to the three-dimensional modeling, but is an extra work caused by embedding the cylindrical magnet in the center of the side of the regular polygon. , the task required of the infant is simply to apply the panel to the open window and make it stick. In the <MagPole> format, this joint function responds flexibly, panels A/B can be connected flat or bent, A/B/C can be freely connected, and A/B/ The reason why C is symmetrical is that the spherical magnet rotates freely and instantaneously assumes various orientations.

There are three ways to safely peel off the panels one by one so as not to destroy the magnetic connection molding: peel off the entire surface in parallel, pull off one side, or pull off by holding the corner. As shown in FIG. 50, a tetrahedral panel having one corner and peeling off with the opposite side as a fulcrum has a torque equivalent to 1/2 the length and 2 pieces of the two cylindrical magnets embedded in the side. The ratio of the torque of the product of force and the torque of the product of 1 length and 1 spherical magnet embedded in the corner, so the <MagPole> format is easier to peel off safely, while other places The rigidity is maintained with good accuracy.
As shown in (Fig. 51), the larger the area of the figure surrounded by 3 to 4 magnets embedded in one panel in the form of a regular tetrahedron or cube, the higher the accuracy of the position where the panel is attached. Three-dimensional modeling is hard to collapse.
On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 52, <MagEdge> format is 1 higher than <MagPole> format in terms of the force to pull apart one panel in parallel, the force to pull apart by holding an edge, and the force to pull apart by holding an angle. Although being seven times larger is a burden on young children, it is easy to collapse as a three-dimensional model.

The point of devising the <MagSide> format is that, for example, when two square sides are magnetically connected, any combination of 4 + 4 sides in total, even if they are next to each other, even if they are rotated by 90 degrees, even if they are turned inside out, It is that we found an array that always attracts. It requires 2 square magnets per side as shown in (Fig. 53), and to build a cube with 6 panels all 48 embedded square magnets (Fig. 2 ), the cubes are beautifully formed by equally participating in the adsorption.
For <MagSide> type panels, rounding the edges of the sides like <MagEdge> and <MagPole> types may increase the distance between adjacent rectangular magnets, so keep them square. it is appropriate to
The meaning of the <MagSide> format is that a pair of square magnets of 5 mm square and 10 mm high are magnetized in the Y direction of the XY cross section, and the NS and SN polarities are aligned in the thickness direction of the regular polygonal panel. Assuming that the L-shaped panel family consists of polar combinations embedded in each side and fixed in this order, the L-shaped panels attract each other next to each other, attract each other by overlapping, and connect each other. It can be bent ±180 degrees as it is. The R-type panel family in which this order is reversed adheres to each other in any direction within the family, but always repels and does not intersect with the L-type family, and the mixture does not hold. Infants can naturally learn about this, but conventional science does not have this concept, and it is an aspect that has been dealt with simply with the term optical isomers. This is a familiar example of the universe and the yin and yang of atoms (that is, two directions of spin), and is the unknown foundation of the cosmological principle. (Fig. 54) shows the mode. in nature. In the crystal deposit, the crystal grows as a strain with the right crystal and the left crystal separated, but this is the same mechanism as the L/R family of <MagSide>, and the attraction forms an orderly three-dimensional structure that is hard and does not collapse. .
Comparing the smoothness of the change in magnetic force between the <MagEdge>/<MagPole> and <MagSide> types, it can be seen that the attractive force of a cylindrical magnet with opposing north and south poles and a spherical magnet with an annular self-supporting orientation changes smoothly. On the other hand, experimental results have been obtained that the attracting force of the square magnet changes jerkyly depending on the relative position/angle of the panel, making it difficult to assemble and therefore likely to collapse.
In Newtonian mechanics, according to the action-reaction principle, forces acting between two points are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction along the straight line connecting the two points. The same applies to the electrostatic Coulomb force between point charges. However, in many cases, the magnetic force is action ≠ reaction, and the direction of the magnetic force acting between two magnetized magnets changes, and in extreme cases, it may be perpendicular to the straight line connecting the centers of the two magnets. In the case of using the conventional independent orientation of the cylindrical magnet, first, the north pole and the south pole are oriented rotationally so that the north pole and the south pole are opposed to each other. It can be said that the stereotype born here overlooked the aspect of the circular orientation of the spherical magnet. On the other hand, in the format where the square magnets are fixed to the sides and embedded, this self-supporting orientation does not occur, and the path along which the additional panel is brought closer is curved.

The <MagPole> form, which can be said to have been overlooked due to the lack of awareness of the mode of current coupling in which the equatorial great circle of magnetization of the sphere is self-aligned toward the center of the ring, is newly added, and in this application, the magnetic phenomenon is Strict calculations are performed without doubt as direct effects of current and current, and we are in a situation where we can find the best mode from the numerical values. Not only that, we also have to eliminate the unnecessary degree of freedom of the <MagEdge> format, which can be twisted 180 degrees with one point in the center as the fulcrum. The <MagSide> format does not cause such useless rotation, but there is a problem with the volume of the magnet used. One of the main points of optimization is to attract two points on the side of a regular polygon that are as far apart as possible, and ideally hold both ends of the side, that is, the corners of the regular polygon. When a spherical magnet is embedded in a corner, the volume of the magnet is the smallest because the spherical magnet serves as a single magnet at both ends of two sides. These comparisons are possible because the Lorentz force acting between electric currents can be quantified by calculation apart from the auxiliary linear understanding of magnetic fields, magnetic lines of force, and magnetic poles. . On top of that, it can be said that it is more practical to set an index of comfort for infants and evaluate it by quantification as much as possible, rather than expressing it by the difficulty of peeling and the rigidity of the three-dimensional model.

A three-dimensional model assembled with <MagPole> format panels has a vertex where three or more corner spherical magnets gather and are arranged in a circular ring. If the numbers are the same, the two vertices can be almost correctly adsorbed and docked. Several of these can be connected and chained to support their own weight and be suspended as shown in (Fig. 55). In this case, when viewed from above, the difference between a strong chain and a weak chain arises depending on whether the NS poles are clockwise or counterclockwise. Toddlers eventually learn the difference between these combinations.
As shown in Fig. 56, the <MagPole> format has the freedom to connect the corners of the quadrangular panels to form a square or rhombus net, but the <MagEdge> format is square-shaped. Only nets are formed, lacking diversity.
As shown in FIG. 57, the attractive force is 90 through the process of twisting one side of the panel by 180 degrees while keeping the sides of the panel in which square magnets are embedded in the sides of the two panels facing each other. The state that crosses the degree is the smallest. This is because the sum of multiplication of the long side with the long side and the sum of the multiplication of the short side with the short side is greater than the sum of the multiplication of the long side with the short side.
In the <MagEdge> form shown in FIG. 58, the magnetic force at the point rotated by 90 degrees is also minimized. The <MagPole> type 1:1 spherical facet rotates freely and the magnetic force is constant. On the other hand, regarding the susceptibility to vertical deviation, if the correction force for vertical deviation is the same, the static friction is more likely to be overcome when the laterally pulling attraction force is smaller.
As shown in (Fig. 59), the use of tall cylindrical magnets in the <MagEdge> format does little to prevent these rotations, and infants must always be careful not to rotate.

A regular M-gon has M sides and M angles. When a cylindrical magnet with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 10 mm is embedded in the side and a spherical magnet with a diameter of 5 mm is embedded in the corner, the number of magnets is the same, M, and the magnet volume is reduced to 1/3. In both cases, the thickness of the regular polygon panel is about 7 mm. Since the forming process of the spherical magnet is simpler than that of the cylindrical magnet and the spherical magnet, the cost of procuring the spherical magnet is less than 1/3 of the cylindrical magnet. If the total volume of the cylindrical neodymium magnets, which occupies about 2/3 of the manufacturing cost of one panel as a whole, is reduced to 1/3, the manufacturing cost of one panel will be 5/9 or less, making it possible to make educational toys for children more attractive. It will become available to many families who wish to purchase. This newly created margin can be increased by increasing the number of regular polygon panels so that you do not have to buy more at a later date, or simply reducing the selling price to 5/9, or the electric power that can be realized because it is a spherical magnet. The remaining 4/9 of the material costs can be allocated to the option of enabling mothers to draw out the scientific abilities that infants are born with. Alternatively, even if an infant grows up and goes out into society, if the child continues to explore the principles of the universe and elementary particles and continues to use it until he is old enough to design industrial products, the effective unit price divided by the breadth of uses and the length of time will decrease. do.

Unlike the purpose of children assembling multifaceted solids with free imagination, until now there has been no useful means of constructing an architectural model by combining rectangular panels with magnetic connections. If it is provided, it will be possible to specifically incorporate the client's opinions and requests from the stage of conception of the new building, and it will be possible to find compromises when strength and materials conflict with design and comfort. . For that purpose, it is required that the seismic structural analysis and the magnetic connection panel have a corresponding relationship.

角に球体磁石を埋め込めない事例の１つで、教会の尖塔を模すような場合は正三角形ではなく頂角の小さな二等辺三角形となり、直径Ｄの球体磁石を角に埋め込むと球体磁石の中心間距離を一定にする原則を当て嵌めると丸められた角によって尖塔が尖らなくなるので、代わりに（図６１）に示すように２つの二等辺の頂点より下がった位置に球体磁石を埋め込んで２者自立配向させ、その吸着力で多角錐を構成できるようにする一方、２等辺が交わる頂点は尖らせて置くことが外見上必要になり、３角形でありながら４つの磁石を埋め込む例外的な形になる。 In the case of the <MagPole> format, which consists of equilateral triangle, regular quadrangle, regular pentagon, and regular hexagonal basic panels with spherical magnets with a diameter of about 5 mm embedded at each vertex, the spheres at the vertices of both sides of each regular polygon. As shown in FIG. 60, the center-to-center distance between the magnets is normally about 6 cm.
As shown in (Fig. 40), a spherical magnet with a diameter of 5 mm is enclosed in a spherical cavity with a diameter of about 5.8 mm, and the cavity is surrounded by a thickness of about 0.6 mm. It is covered with a panel material that is thick and strong enough to withstand the heat, and the thickness of the panel is about 7 mm. Each edge is rounded as a semi-cylinder with a curvature of 7 mm diameter and each vertex is rounded with a partial sphere with a curvature of 7 mm diameter. When the center-to-center distance of spherical magnets with a diameter of 5 mm embedded in the corners of each regular polygon is aligned to 6 cm, the length of the side of the geometric regular polygon extending the outermost line of the rounded side is As indicated by a in Table 2), the triangle is 6.81 cm, and the hexagon is 6.2 cm. If the corners of this regular polygon are rounded with a radius of curvature of about 7 mm, the lengths of the sides appear to be uniform as shown in Fig. 62, even if the number of corners increases. is rounded to a partial sphere, the partial spherical surface of the corner makes point contact with priority over the side, and the outline of the side rounded as a semi-cylinder with a curvature diameter slightly smaller than that of the rounded corner is Since it is retracted inside the regular polygon, it does not participate in contact. This relationship is reversed in the <MagEdge> type panel, where the sides with a cylindrical magnet in the center need to touch. is maintained, leaving uncorrected longitudinal deviations due to the greater static friction forces.

One example of a case where a spherical magnet cannot be embedded in a corner is an isosceles triangle with a small apex angle instead of an equilateral triangle when simulating a church steeple. If we apply the principle of constant spacing, the rounded corners will result in a non-pointy spire. While it is possible to form a polygonal pyramid by self-orientation and its attractive force, it is necessary to make the vertices where the two isosceles meet sharpened, which is an exceptional shape that embeds four magnets even though it is triangular. become.

The difficulty in collapsing a multifaceted solid that is either in the middle of modeling or has already been assembled is due to both its high rigidity and its flexibility to return to its original shape even if the solid is distorted due to the positional relationship between the magnets being displaced. It is also important to be able to remove the panels one by one while maintaining the shape and reassemble the three-dimensional object from the middle. Specifically, when pasting the panel, put one finger into the window that opens in the center and hold it gently, naturally and accurately, and remove it. Experiments clearly confirm that <MagPole>-type solids that are accurately adsorbed in this way have high rigidity. Young children who compare this with the traditional format will realize the strength of the collective power.

The maximum dimensions of the cylindrical magnets embedded in the center of the side of the regular polygonal panel of the conventional magnetic connection solid are 5 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height. However, for the sake of simplicity, the maximum value and the diameter of the spherical magnets embedded in the corners of the regular polygon are assumed to be the same 5 mm, and the values are compared concretely. While the volume of the spherical magnet is 1/3 of the volume of the cylindrical magnet, the peeling force is 1.7 times greater when the cylindrical magnet is embedded in the side. Instead, if we focus on the fact that the entire surface of the panel is accurately attracted to the correct position and that the three-dimensional shape that has been assembled does not easily collapse, the overall magnetic force is reduced to 1/3 of the volume. It is an evaluation based on the experimental results that the spherical magnet of is necessary and sufficient. The first reason for this is that the connection between the sides of the panel is in a 1:1 relationship, but the attraction force is due to the 1:2 relationship in which three or more polygonal corners are gathered and oriented independently in an annular shape. It is due to the fact that those who occur are gathered as a group. The second reason is that even if the cylindrical magnets on the sides are attached to each other, they stop at a vertically displaced position, and the two panels that are in contact with the sides can easily rotate 180 degrees, making it difficult to put together as a three-dimensional object. However, if the two panels are in point contact on the partial spheres surrounding the spherical magnets at the ends of each side, this is due to the fact that they will be pulled back more strongly if they try to move. The third reason is that the panel to be fitted begins to be attracted from a distance away from the three-dimensional model, and it fits into the recess more accurately when pulled at the apex than at the midpoint of the side, and the magnetic lock is strongly applied. according to.

The drag when peeling off the panel from the polyhedron is the reverse of the force that attracts the panel when attached, but there is hysteresis due to the delay in response to the rotation of the spherical magnet. The force when peeling off an equilateral triangular panel from a regular tetrahedron or a square panel from a cube is the force to peel off the entire surface in parallel, and the force to peel off the opposite side or diagonal with one side as the axis. , and the force that pulls off the diagonal with the opposite side or diagonal as the fulcrum. If you give it, there will be no difference in the peeling force.
As shown in (Fig. 43), in the <MagPole> format, the partial spherical surfaces at the corners of the two connecting panels are in point contact and are magnetically locked in a state where they cannot move. Strict geometrical considerations are adhered to, avoiding the frictional forces of longitudinal contact with slight clearances. On the other hand, in the <MagEdge> type, the roundness of the semi-cylindrical sides of the panel is in line contact, and an attempt to correct the vertical deviation by magnet attraction is blocked by the maximum static friction of the sides, leaving the vertical deviation and stopping. On the other hand, the rounded corners are set back inwards so that the rounded corners do not hit each other when a child puts the sides together. This retreat of corner roundness can be compared with the distance b between the corner roundness and the opposite side/diagonal angle, as shown in (FIG. 62). (Table 2) shows the amount of change in b. It can be seen that in the <MagEdge> format, this b is abnormally small compared to the <MagPole> format when the number of corners of the regular polygonal panel is small. It can be said that the <MagEdge> format consists of empirical ingenuity that bends the rules in order to compensate for the defects.
When the spherical magnets at both ends of one side of the <MagPole> format equilateral triangular panel are superimposed on the spherical magnets at both ends of the corners of another regular polygon (Fig. 63), <MagEdge> is next to it. It shows a shape in which cylindrical magnets on the sides of the form are superimposed. Assuming a common panel that also serves as the bottom panel of each regular polyhedron, the <MagEdge> format requires 15 cylindrical magnets, and the <MagPole> format requires 12 spherical magnets.
Three-dimensional modeling work for children begins with combining three regular polygons, but with the conventional method of embedding cylindrical magnets in the center of the sides of the panel, the shape is not uniquely determined, and constant adjustment is required. Adding a panel changes the relative positions and angles of the original three panels. This does not depend on whether the magnetic force is strong or weak, and if the corrective magnetic force that tries to match the correct relative position is less than the maximum static friction force proportional to the attractive magnetic force, no correction is made at all. The correction will be repeated. On the other hand, it would be ideal if there was a method that, even if the attracting force was gentle, could always be pinpointed to an accurate position and would not require re-correction thereafter. Therefore, it can be said that the embedded magnet must be a sphere. In addition, when the N pole and S pole of the spherical magnet are opposed to each other, they can be shifted laterally, and it cannot be said to be pinpoint. On the other hand, when the three are circularly oriented and the lower latitudes are in contact with each other, the deviation becomes small and the coupling becomes close to pinpoint.
First, the sides of the panel are attracted to each other, and then the panel is bent and fitted into a three-dimensional object. It would be ideal if the panel were viewed as a whole surface and approached parallel at the correct angle, and then it would be sucked in as it is and land autonomously in the correct position.
A multifaceted solid connected by magnetic force collapses easily when its shape is somehow maintained while the position and angle are shifted everywhere. The freestanding orientation of the spherical magnet in a circular ring changes this situation completely.

Since the angle formed by the two panels is determined discretely in the form that is frequently used in standard polyhedral solids, in the <MagEdge> format, the enveloping surface of the semi-cylinder is shaved according to the angle and flattened in a narrow range. If placed, the rigidity of the polyhedron will be slightly improved. On the other hand, in the <MagPole> format, the panel is precisely fitted into the recess and mechanically fixed, and then the magnetic lock is applied. Spherical point contact is preferred. As shown in Fig. 64, the assembly process of the panel at the factory is to bond the panels by inserting a spherical magnet in the spherical space between the upper and lower panels, which are injection-molded with upper and lower molds of the same shape. . In bonding, it is required to prevent burrs from appearing on the partial spherical surface.
As shown in FIG. 65, the boundaries where the semi-cylindrical surfaces of the sides and the partial spherical surfaces of the corners are interchanged become narrower as the shape changes from an equilateral triangle to a regular hexagon. The precision of this boundary creates the high rigidity of the 3D model composed of <MagPole> format panels. The standard thickness of the partition wall covering the spherical magnet is 0.6 mm to ensure the flow of the injection-molded panel material.

Children have the opportunity to compare a set of cylindrical magnets embedded in the sides of a regular polygonal panel with a set of spherical magnets embedded in the corners of a regular polygonal panel, the latter being more comfortable to handle in many respects. If you experience this, you will realize that the amount of magnets is only 1/3, and depending on how you do it, the products that are overflowing in the world will become simpler and more robust, and that will lead to the realization of a sustainable earth. By thinking that it may be of great help to the future, the fate of the earth will have the potential to steer in a direction where courageous young children can play a central role in the future. The main focus is on energy regeneration, and the motorization means of the present invention is primarily aimed at understanding that.

When a child cannot leave the three-dimensional model assembled on the floor or on the table and does not want to disassemble it, the corners of the three-dimensional model can be attracted and hung with a magnetic chuck. The magnetic chuck can be rotated by supplying an alternating current to three coils surrounding the three annularly arranged spherical magnets. It consists of many triangular chucks, few quadrangular chucks, and several pentagonal chucks, and the volume of the spherical magnets embedded in the corners is 1/3 of the volume of the cylindrical magnets embedded in the sides, so the number of panels included in the set increases. It also corresponds to As shown in FIG. 66, the triangular chuck has a regular tetrahedron/cube/regular dodecahedron, the quadrangular chuck has a quadrangular pyramid/regular octahedron, and the pentagonal chuck has a pentagonal pyramid/upper and lower pentagonal pyramid/regular icosahedron. , etc. can be hung.
Since the annular orientation of the spherical magnet on the vertex side of the stereolithography and the annular orientation of the spherical magnet on the chuck side have already been performed, the S/N magnetic pole will not reverse from clockwise to counterclockwise. Instead, as shown in (Fig. 67), there is a difference between weak adhesion in which the sphere is directly above the sphere, or strong adhesion in which the sphere is between the spheres. definitely absorbed.
When a pulse current from USB 5.0 V is passed through a common IC to the drive coil surrounding the annular array of the spherical magnets on the chuck side, the rotating chuck continues the rotation given by the hand at the beginning, and the rotation direction changes in the middle. , can be reversed at a constant total number of rotations. When the string to be hung is made of rubber, the rotation stops due to the twisting of the rubber wound up by the rotation, and eventually it reverses and is driven to rotate in the opposite direction. Understanding that exchange takes place, we come to realize that energy circulates in the universe.
In addition, through the drive IC, the infant will soon understand that the energy of the chuck to wind up and the energy to unwind are in an exchange relationship, and that energy can be defined as positive or negative. One vertex of most three-dimensional models can be hung with three types of chucks, for example, it can be hung on a Christmas tree to change its rotation and blink an LED according to the rotation.

The rotating pendant magnetic chuck has the following basic algorithms and basic rules.
1. Drive coils of four magnetic chucks are collectively branched from one IC.
2. The IC is driven by a USB 5.0V power supply.
3. When you manually turn a model that is magnetically connected to a chuck, it starts rotating in that direction at that speed and continues, but the direction of rotation reverses after a certain amount of time.
4. The chuck is suspended by a rubber cord, and when it is wound up by rotation and resistance is generated, an increase in load is detected and the chuck is reversed.
5. An energy exchange occurs between the two chucks to wind up and unwind the rubber cord, and the infant can visually confirm this interaction.
6. The energy generation of rewinding can also cause other LEDs to blink.

The reason many magnetic connection panel sets have come with a chassis is that the finished three-dimensional model is likened to a car that can be moved by hand, and the modeled object assembled by a child is valued as much as possible. It is not necessarily directly related to intellectual education itself. Alternatively, a common deck can be used in place of the regular polygonal panels that form the base of the polyhedron so that the infant's natural scientific acumen can be tapped into in its original form. That is, a total of 12 spherical magnets embedded in the vertex positions of equilateral triangles/regular squares/regular pentagons/regular hexagons as shown in FIG. 68 were used as starting panels, When the polyhedron is assembled on top of it, wheels are attached to the chassis board so that it can be moved by hand. The chassis attached to the <MagEdge> format panel set can play that role, but if the assembled multifaceted solid collapses when you move it by hand, it means that the model lacks rationality, or that's what it is. Toddlers learn that either the panel set lacked rationality, or they moved the chassis around violently.

A model assembled using a deck with wheels as a substrate may collapse if a child runs it quickly, but if it runs slowly, it will not collapse. It can be said that it is development that learns to take it easy. If you push the trailer hard, it will roll far, and if you push it weakly, it will stop immediately. It's easy to remember that many toy cars have built-in flywheels whose inertia determines how far they can travel. Toys that do not require batteries would be ideal, but the versatility that can be achieved is limited. Rather, in order to learn how to circulate and use energy effectively, using batteries effectively and making them last longer will grow young warriors who will maintain the global environment.
The two front driving wheels of the four-wheel self-propelled trailer shown in (Fig. 68) are steered wheels. If the tire width is narrow, both steering and driving can be performed freely while the direction of the wheels is fixed. The two non-driven rear wheels are directional wheels, and the direction in which the deck rotates changes depending on the rotational speed difference between the front driven wheels. The trailer does not have a power switch, and when a battery is installed, it becomes standby, and magnetically detects the initial speed given to the trailer by an infant and starts driving to maintain that rotation speed, making it appear to be a flywheel vehicle. It can move forward, backward, stop, and turn right and left.
When the trailer hits the wall, if the left drive wheel hits it, it will rotate backward, turn the vehicle to the right, and then turn to the right to move forward. When this is repeated, it continues to move around the room, and when the infant stops it, it returns to the standby state.
As shown in FIG. 69, the IC of the magnetic chuck and the IC of the trailer are the same. Each application communicates between multiple drive coils to allow for coordinated movement as a whole, but the circuitry within the IC is effectively only four operational amplifiers, As shown in FIG. 70, the current that drives the coil is forward or reversed depending on which phase leads, and the difference in the repetition frequency of the drive current pulse determines whether the coil rotates to the right or to the left. . It also detects whether the movement initially given manually by the infant is forward or backward, slow or fast, clockwise or counterclockwise. A block diagram of a common IC is shown in FIG. 71. It is similar to the simple but rational system of insects in that it can perform various active movements with an extremely simple logic circuit.

最近は小学校からプログラミングを習うが、それはＰＣ／ＣＰＵやネットワークが既に確立している前提があり、そのまま知育に役立つとは考えられない。プログラミングとは、指先の動きや口笛を符牒として、動物や機械に望んだ動作を行わせることが原点であり、この原点を外しては幼児の知育には至らない。自走トレーラーに望んだ動作をさせるのは、正に１個の棒磁石の動きであって、その動きを検知して一時記憶させる共通ＩＣチップの中の回路は規模として数円にも相当しないが、これこそがプログラミングの原点であり、その素朴さが幼児を大きく育てることになるであろう。 The self-propelled trailer has the following basic algorithms and basic rules. If there is rationality there, diversity will come naturally, and even if there is no power switch or controller, a concerto can be played by swinging a stick containing a magnet.
1. When the battery is inserted, it will be in Stand-by state with Power-on-Reset, and only the magnetic detection coil will operate.
2. When the trailer is moved forward, the rotation of the rotor magnet causes current to flow through the drive coil at a frequency that corresponds to the vehicle's speed.
3. A multivibrator incorporated in the IC synchronizes with this frequency and supplies a drive current to the stator drive coil, so the motor operates as a flywheel.
4. Since the frequency of the rotor is detected separately for the left and right front wheels and driven, the left and right rotation motions given at the beginning are continued as they are.
5. Retreat at a slow speed.
6. If it hits a wall straight on, it stops rotating the drive wheels and then rolls back.
7. When the front left wheel hits the wall and you are backing up, turn the vehicle to the right.
8. Next, turn the rudder to the right and move forward.
9. Continuing this, it roams around the room while bumping into walls.
10. When stopped by hand, it detects that the load on the motor has become heavy and returns to Stand-by.
11. When several poles with bar magnets embedded vertically are set up and the first rotation is given, it will run in slalom, and when stopped by hand, it will return to Stand-by.
12. If an item with a vertical bar magnet is placed in a room, the moving trailer will steer to avoid it, or stop if there is an item in front of it.
13. If you remove the item, it will start running again, and if you stop the trailer by hand, it will return to Stand-by.
14. After recognizing an item with a vertical bar magnet near the front of the trailer, if you pull it with a string, the trailer will steer and match the speed as long as it detects it magnetically.
15. The electric trailer does not have a power switch or mode switch, and the mode is selected by detecting the initial movement given by the hand of the child or by detecting the movement of the bar magnet inside the item.
Table 3 shows the mode judgment items of the self-propelled trailer and the details of the current detected by the drive coil.

Recently, we learn programming from elementary school, but it is premised that PC/CPU and network have already been established, and it is not considered to be useful for intellectual education as it is. The origin of programming is to make animals and machines perform desired actions using the movements of fingertips and whistles as symbols. It is precisely the movement of a bar magnet that makes the self-propelled trailer perform the desired movement, and the circuit in the common IC chip that detects the movement and temporarily stores it does not even correspond to a few yen in scale. However, this is the starting point of programming, and its naivety will help children grow up.

The three-dimensional model assembled on the deck with motor wheels keeps running by changing direction by itself while colliding with the wall in the room. magnetically detects it, stops in front of it, turns and gives way. In this way, from the age of two, young children will learn about internationally common traffic rules and a spirit of consideration, before the installation of traffic signals. At the same time, he learns how to handle even fragile three-dimensional models so that they do not collapse if carried slowly, and learns the meaning of kindness without speaking.
As a means of doing so, when an NS bar magnet with a length of about 5 mm is placed vertically inside an item such as a doll, an omnidirectional magnetic field is created around it. Geomagnetism is a magnetic field of about 40 to 50 μT, but a bar magnet of about 5 mm and about 1.2 T creates a magnetic field of about 10 mT at a distance of about 50 mm, so a sufficiently large magnetic field that is not affected by the geomagnetism will be generated from the item. detectable. The magnet is the rotor of the front wheel for driving/steering the trailer, and the drive coil is the stator. It can detect only the static magnetic field of the item without receiving the induction of the magnet. Doing this separately for the left and right drive/steer wheels will tell you if the item is in front of the trailer, on the left, or on the right. You can then decide to slow down and turn around or stop and wait for the items to be removed. In addition, the poles containing the NS bar magnets can be set up, and the trailer can slalom between them at a speed that keeps the three-dimensional model from falling over. You can also switch to a mode where the trailer follows the trail of the item that the toddler pulls with a string. With this, infants will learn without words the basics of traffic rules that should be in a society full of human kindness before they can play outside the house.
Furthermore, just as minerals and organisms in the natural world use everything and are built in harmony, the magnetic connection panel set is also built using several physical restraints, making it the ultimate safe means of transportation. is achieved through physical restraint and compassion, rather than automatic driving using AI functions, and infants experience it in a trailer. Infants will also find for themselves that energy is regenerated when decelerating.
Neither the rotating pendant nor the motorized trailer has a power switch, and the initial hand-given motion changes the rotation speed and reversing mode. The variety of movements that the trailer can make is a combination of the motor's rotor magnets and stator coils, the detection coils that rotate in sync with the rotor magnets, and the item's magnets being manually moved by an infant. This is because the IC recognizes various modes by means of the current flowing through the detection coil, which gives the infant the ultimate educational opportunity.

Making a child form a multifaceted solid with magnetic connection panels and constructing an architectural model with magnetic connection that can judge not only the appearance but also the strength/earthquake resistance and rationality are not contradictory. While the panels that draw out the imagination of young children are regular polygons with rounded corners and sides, the magnetic connection panels of architectural models are limited to rectangles, and the corners and sides are still squared, allowing them to be used in all XYZ directions. In a structure where up to 12 floorboards/wallboards/ceiling boards are gathered at one corner, the structure is tightened by the cohesive force of the 12 embedded spherical magnets, and the strength of the entire building can be reflected. This is in common with the characteristics of the ancient Japanese style, which tightens at the corners without using nails, compared to Western architecture with a single torus structure or Arabian architecture with excellent arch structures. The same can be said for Japanese-style furniture.
When children play not only with regular polygonal panels with rounded corners and sides, but also with panels with squared corners and sides (Fig. 72), and experience the difference in strength, they can understand the difference in the mechanism of things. We can expect the formation of a tolerant personality that can respond to a wide range of people. As shown in Fig. 73, the angular panel can easily produce a high-rise architectural model by a method of gathering one corner in a self-supporting orientation as shown in Fig. 74 of a maximum of 12 spherical magnets. Even if it is not used for actual construction, you will know exactly what flexible structures are suitable for earthquake-prone Japan. Young children will understand why the expressway collapsed on the mountain side in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, and will be able to understand the correct measures that do not make the bridge girder thicker. A granite plate about 400km wide from east to west extending from the Tohoku land to the continental shelf was compressed 40m westward over 1100 years since the Jogan period. The Great Tohoku Earthquake caused by movement and the flooding of the tsunami that reached the coast 30 to 45 minutes later were clearly distinguished from the impact of the local oblique fault slip of the Great Kanto Earthquake in the Taisho era in this low-rise/high-rise model. It is hoped that they will be understood. Rather than instilling the fear of natural disasters, we can expect to be able to calmly decide what to do when a crisis approaches in tens of minutes if we understand the mechanism. The current Omori-type seismometer can measure the amplitude of simple oscillations, so it is effective for detecting diagonal fault slips such as during the Great Kanto Earthquake. Although it is difficult to quantitatively capture the granite plate elongation of 10 m, the building model with embedded spherical magnets is also an ultra-long-period seismometer that can easily detect this. However, it will be 1,000 years from now when it will be needed again in the Tohoku region.
In the case of an architectural model, instead of using a ready-made corner panel, a maximum of 12 panels can be gathered around one point by embedding spherical magnets in the corners of wooden boards that are cut into rectangles similar to the real thing each time and magnetically oriented. It is raised and sufficient bond strength is obtained for practical use. It is thought that this magnetic connection architectural model provides hints for proper use of rigid and flexible structures in each region.

The <MagEdge> type magnetic connection panel set, which has played a role as an educational toy for 20 years, will be replaced with the <MagPole> type, which has a simple structure, high accuracy of engagement, and can double the number of panels at a low cost. With the addition of many purposeful electrification functions, infants' understanding has never been deeper, or involved in scientific understanding at a younger age. As shown in (Fig. 75), this flow is a system in which the atoms, molecules, and lattices that make up the universe, living organisms, and minerals gather autonomously and replicate themselves in an orderly fashion. Toddlers will be made aware of the common aspects of orientation/alignment. Teaching materials for that purpose are not available at school, but can be found in each home from around the age of two. As a result, the entire population of the world, especially young children who will grow up in the future, will be able to understand and talk about the physical structure and mechanism of atoms in new materials and new drugs, as well as the mechanisms of catalysts and alloys, as a matter of course. would be The state of the panel set supplied first is as shown in (FIG. 76).

A regular polygonal panel starts with the cylindrical magnets in the center of each side coaxially opposed to each other, and after adding a third panel to stabilize it, the conventional magnetic connection toy progresses to three-dimensionalization. However, the magnetic force at the individual connection points was a little too strong for young children, and on the contrary, the completed 3D model did not maintain its rigidity and easily collapsed, making it difficult for young children to concentrate on modeling. By embedding spherical magnets in the corners of the panel and connecting them with magnetic force, the corners of three or more regular polygons gather at one point, and the spherical magnets self-align in a ring and attract each other, and the panel is pulled by a gentle force. The objects are attracted by themselves, and by sticking to the correct position, the infant can concentrate on modeling, and the assembled three-dimensional model has excellent rigidity and does not collapse easily.
The spherical magnets embedded in the corners reduce the volume of the magnets, which accounts for most of the cost, to about 1/3. As a result, we are now ready to nurture three-dimensional recognition, molding, understanding of scientific principles, mastering the mechanism of tools, and the necessity of ingenuity that suits the actual situation.

are the four major types and designations of magnetic connection panels that include the present invention. is a shape in which all pairs of rectangular fixed magnets 24 forming a cube attract each other. is a three-dimensional structure model with support magnets and soft iron balls imitating atomic chemical bonds. is an image of a triangular/quadrangular structural analysis with bar magnets and soft iron balls on the strut. is an illustration of the mechanism by which the three-dimensional connection between the strut magnet and the soft iron ball loses symmetry. is the mechanism by which two spherical magnets autonomously reach coaxial orientation. is an experimental image in which 2 to 9 spherical magnets are independently arranged in an annular shape and oriented so that the equatorial great circle plane passes through the center point of the annular ring. is the dynamics of the two-dimensional coupling in which the spherical magnet is toroidally orientated on the plane. is the first mode in which the panels with spherical magnets at the corners are three-dimensionally combined. is a second manner in which panels with spherical magnets at the corners are joined in three dimensions. is a comparison of images of two modes of the upper and lower two-stage circular ring arrangement of 8-sphere magnets and the spin axis configuration of the body-centered cubic lattice of iron atoms. FIG. 4 is a diagram of different magnetic connection between side cylindrical magnets and corner spherical magnets; shows that embedding two spherical magnets in the sides or one in the corner can reduce the volume of the magnets by half, but improve the magnetic coupling. is an example where not only complete regular/composite polyhedrons but also its sub-solids are meaningful. indicates a fitting state in which panels in three directions of the XY plane, YZ plane, and ZX plane are magnetically connected. is the orthogonality principle of the Lorentz force acting between two opposing current loops. is the basic principle that the drive loop current causes an induced current to flow in the metal conductor loop. is the equivalent surface current density distribution of a saturated cylinder magnet and a spherical magnet. is a mode in which three or more spherical magnets of regular polygonal corners are grouped and arranged in a circular ring, and are oriented independently. Fig. 2 is a diagram for magnetic force calculation when two stationary square magnets, two rotating cylindrical magnets or spherical magnets, and three spherical magnets are oriented independently; is an illustration of the numerical calculation of the distance between spheres in which two spherical magnets face each other on the same axis and the magnetic force. is the result of numerical calculation of the magnetic force when two spherical magnets face each other coaxially. is an illustration of the numerical calculation of the distance between the spheres and the magnetic force when the cylindrical magnets face each other. is the result of numerical calculation of the magnetic force when two cylindrical magnets face each other. is an illustration and calculation results of the numerical calculation of the magnetic force when three spherical magnets are arranged in a circular ring. is an illustration of the magnetic force when two rectangular magnets are arranged facing each other and when arranged side by side. is a numerical calculation of the magnetic force when two square magnets are arranged facing each other and when they are arranged side by side, and the reduction of the magnetic force by replacing the neodymium magnet with an anisotropic ferrite magnet. is a conversion formula for combining into one the complex magnetic force calculation formulas when the spherical magnet is oriented to the circular ring. is an explanation of the manner in which the two spherical magnets remaining on the side of the solid do not separate when the apex of the panel is peeled off from the solid. shows the state change of symmetry when one of the three spherical magnets at the corner is pulled apart. is a diagram obtained by converting the relative magnetic force normalized in each form to the absolute value of gram weight. is an illustration and calculation results of the magnetic force that returns the vertical displacement caused by the cylindrical magnets embedded in the sides of the panel to the center point, and the mechanism that the maximum static friction prevents it. shows the difference in the mechanism of longitudinal displacement when a spherical magnet is embedded in the center of the side of the panel and the mechanism of longitudinal displacement when a spherical magnet is embedded in the corner. indicates coaxially facing, side-by-side coupling, disk/cylinder/spherical magnet, and longitudinal/lateral displacement relationships. is a comparison of degrees of freedom of rotation when two cylindrical magnets and two spherical magnets face each other. shows the relationship between the restoring force of the longitudinal displacement and the lateral pulling force for the spherical magnet type and the cylindrical magnet type. is an illustration explanation that the idea of magnetic poles in electromagnetism is an obstacle in explaining the rather complicated magnetic force. is an explanatory diagram showing that magnetism is the action of current and current, and that all the action of magnets is represented by circumferential current. explain that the pole/field/field line concept leads to a non-optimal design. describes the dimensions and rounding curvatures for embedding the spherical magnets in the corners of the panel of the present invention. describes the relationship between side/corner roundness, center-to-center distance of corner spherical magnets, and side length and roundness of conventional cylindrical magnet types. is the angular configuration of the panel when viewed through the two angled sides with embedded spherical magnets. indicates that the accuracy of panel fitting is different between the cylindrical magnets on the sides and the spherical magnets on the corners. is an explanation of the mechanism in which spherical magnets are embedded in the corners of the panel, and the rounded curvature of the partition wall enveloping the magnets ensures accurate engagement even in the absence of magnetic force. shows the difference between spherical magnet and cylindrical magnet in longitudinal displacement and positional accuracy. explains one of the key factors that determine the rigidity of the assembled three-dimensional structure. is an explanation of the difference between the method of embedding spherical magnets in the corners of the panel of the present invention and the conventional method of embedding cylindrical magnets in the sides of the panel. explains that tying the 8 corners of a cube with strings and tying the 12 sides with strings make a big difference in keeping the shape of the cube. 4 describes the similarities and differences in the outer shape of the panel between the type in which the spherical magnet is embedded in the corner of the panel of the present invention and the conventional type in which the cylindrical magnet is embedded in the center of the side. compares the yield strength torque (=length*force) to tear off one equilateral triangular panel from a regular tetrahedron of the conventional type and the type of the present invention. is the difference in yield strength torque (=length*force) for twisting and peeling off one equilateral triangular/square panel from a regular tetrahedron/cube between the conventional type and the present type. is the difference in the force that pulls the panels apart differently between the conventional type and the type of the present invention. is a pair of fixed square magnets embedded in the sides, an ingenious mechanism that attracts the two panels in all directions. shows the principle that the fixed-angle type is familyized into L-type and R-type. is a chain mode that connects the vertices of the three-dimensional modeling composed of the panel of the present invention. is the difference between the panel of the present invention and the conventional panel which is vertically/horizontally connected to form a net structure. is the mechanism of magnetic force change when cylindrical/square coaxial opposed magnets are easily twisted and rotated 180 degrees even if they are connected at the center of the side of the panel. is the difference in the easiness of twisting of the cylindrical magnets on the side and the easiness of longitudinal displacement between the spherical magnets and the cylindrical magnets. shows a shape in which one panel of an assembled solid can be easily rotated with a cylindrical magnet. shows the relationship between the center-to-center distance of the spherical magnet of the present invention and the geometrical length of the side changing with the number of corners of the regular polygon. is an exceptional means of embedding spherical magnets in the sides, such as to simulate a church steeple. shows the difference between contacting and receding sides of regular polygons in the form of cylindrical magnets of sides, and contacting and receding sides of regular polygons in the form of spherical magnets of corners. shows that side cylinder magnets and corner sphere magnets produce differences in the external shapes of four types of regular polygonal panels. 1 is an outline of the mold for injection molding of the magnetic connection panel of the present invention. indicates the transition boundary from edge roundness to corner roundness of the magnetic connection panel panel of the present invention. shows the mechanism that rotates the apex of the three-dimensional model by attracting it with a magnetic chuck. is the motorized mechanism that rotates the magnetic chuck. is the direction of movement of the 3D assembly deck and motorized trailer. is a common mode of rotating pendant and trailer drive ICs. is the drive current waveform for forward/reverse rotation of the synchronous motor. is a block diagram of a common IC; is the coupling mode of the magnetic connection panel for building model. is the mode in which the wall panels and floor/ceiling panels of the three XY/YZ/ZX planes of the architectural model gather at one corner. The 4 walls on the east, west, north and south are assembled above and below the four floorboards, and up to 12 spherical magnets tighten the corners. presents a systematic milestone from the development of magnetic junctions to motorized mechanisms, followed by home education in educational materials on magnetic coupling of atoms. shows the optimization of the cost structure that values the panel set with a significant cost reduction by the present invention.

The conventional magnetic connection panel has a fundamental problem that the assembled 3D model easily collapses because the relative position accuracy between the regular polygon panels becomes ambiguous when connecting the sides. . In order to solve this problem, spherical magnets are embedded in the corners of a regular polygonal panel instead of on its sides, and when the spherical surface of the partition wall surrounding it makes point contact with the spherical surface of the partition wall of another panel, the static friction is minimized and the regular polygon becomes They are mechanically fitted with precision without dimensional gaps, and magnetic locks are applied by spherical magnets that have already been oriented in a circular ring, so that the three-dimensional modeling does not easily collapse. At this time, when the spherical surfaces of the bulkheads at both ends of the panel are fitted to the other panel, the sides of the panel recede inward from the line connecting the two contact points, so the panels do not touch at the sides. not subject to static friction between edges.

Three or more corners of regular polygons gather at one vertex of the assembled three-dimensional model, and that number of spherical magnets are arranged in a circular ring. is suspended by a circularly arranged magnetic chuck, and a storage space can be secured spatially while appreciating it. By using a rotating pendant, children will have a new creative motivation and inquisitive mind.

With the conventional magnetic connection panel set, we thought that it would be useful for intellectual training by attaching a chassis, placing a completed three-dimensional model on it, and having children play by moving the chassis by hand. In the form of embedding spherical magnets in the corners of a regular polygonal panel, a total of 12 spherical magnets are embedded in the positions of the corners of equilateral triangles to regular hexagons in the chassis deck where the motor is embedded as shown in (Fig. 68). By using it as a base panel for 3D modeling and as a trailer for transporting 3D models assembled on top of it, it can be expected that young children will develop scientific understanding and creativity by allowing them to drive independently in various ways.

The improvement that is now required for the magnetic connection panel toy is that the regular polygonal panel that is attached is pulled in with a weak force, but it can be fitted in the correct position from the beginning without repeated corrections, and the three-dimensional creative I can concentrate on the composition, and the completed three-dimensional model does not collapse easily. In the past, the only way to satisfy these seemingly contradictory requirements was to adjust the strength of the magnet, and the problem could not be solved. As shown in FIG. 43, in the form of embedding spherical magnets in the corners of regular polygonal panels, this tradeoff is resolved from the beginning.

As for the rotary pendant, a triangular chuck, a quadrangular chuck, or the like is prepared as shown in (FIG. 67). Rotation is maintained in both forward and reverse directions by an IC driven by USB 5.0V, and the initial speed given by hand in the range of low to high speed is automatically reversed.

The three-dimensional model assembled on the deck becomes a self-propelled trailer as it is, and with the initial movement given by the child's hand, it continues to run independently as shown in (Table 3), powered by AA batteries.

The magnetic connection panel for building blocks has no rounded corners or sides, and uses the corners to orient up to 12 spherical magnets in a triple circular ring orientation as shown in Fig. 74. Assemble the floorboards and east-west/north-south wallboards. This is not only used for simple building models, but it can also be used effectively for studying seismic structures against slow earthquakes.

1 Magnetic connection panels for constructing 3D structures with high accuracy and rigidity 2 Motorization and motion detection using embedded spherical magnets for magnetic connection Teaching materials related to its origin 4 Construction of an architectural model by magnetic connection 5 Application to independent physical layer control that is the basis of automatic driving technology 6 Magnetic chuck for exhibition

1 Cylindrical magnet 2 Square magnet 3 Post magnet 4 Soft iron ball 5 Spherical magnet 6 Self-supporting annular orientation of spherical magnet

Claims (6)

The corners of a regular polygonal panel are rounded to a partial spherical surface, and the spherical magnet is sealed in the internal spherical cavity through the thickness of the partition with a gap so that it can rotate freely, and the corners of three or more regular polygons A magnetic connection panel in which the partial spherical surfaces are arranged in a circular ring with point contact and are magnetically attracted by self-supporting orientation to form a multifaceted three-dimensional shape, and the rounded sides of the regular polygon are set back inward. There is no contact between the panels, and the small static friction of only the point contact of the partial spherical surface of the corner slides into the hollow of the mechanical three-dimensional structure and cannot move, and the center point of the annular array The magnetic lock is applied by the magnetic centripetal force directed to the direction, and the rigidity of the assembled multi-faceted solid is extremely high compared to the conventional magnetic connection format in which a cylindrical magnet is enclosed in the center of each side and the sides are in contact with each other. To provide a magnetic connection panel toy which, on the contrary, softens the force of attraction and is easy for a child to handle. Also, the center-to-center distances of the spherical magnets at the corners of the regular polygon should be uniform. The volume of the magnets used is 1/3 to 1/2 that of conventional columnar magnets, greatly reducing the material cost of neodymium magnets, which account for the majority of panel manufacturing costs. Three to five vertices of a polyhedron composed of regular polygonal panels with the effective side lengths of the spherical magnets embedded in the corners are arranged in a self-supporting circular arrangement and attracted. A magnetic socket is composed of spherical magnets, and the same three to five spherical magnets are attracted and suspended using the magnetic force of a magnetic chuck that is self-oriented in an annular shape, surrounding the array of spherical magnets of the magnetic chuck. A pulse current is applied to 3 to 5 pairs of drive coils with an I/Q phase difference that rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. While creating a place to store things, you can enjoy the sense of accomplishment of completing three-dimensional modeling, and LEDs can be connected in parallel to the driving coil and blinked. Alternatively, replace the hanging string with a rubber cord so that the rotation of the polyhedron causes the rubber to roll up and then reverse, which can be repeated until it is stopped by hand. In addition, switching to a mode in which energy is given and received through a driving IC between what the pendant winds up and unwinds the rubber cord so that the infant can see the change and recognize the energy circulation principle. A magnetic connection panel that embeds spherical magnets that can be freely rotated and oriented at the corners of a regular polygon. To create a deck board in which spherical magnets that rotate freely are embedded, use it as the first panel, and add the remaining panels on top of it to create a workbench on which a three-dimensional model can be assembled. The assembled deck board is run as a chassis trailer, and the front left and right wheels with separate motors and the rear left and right wheels attached so that the direction can be freely changed around the vertical axis are used freely. By changing the number of rotations of the fixed wheels on the front so that it can run in any direction, it can turn clockwise and counterclockwise. A detection coil that rotates together with the rotor magnet of the motor detects the presence of an external magnet regardless of the rotation of the motor. or drive safely by avoiding or pausing items with bar magnets in them, or slalom by lining up poles with bar magnets in them and sewing between them, or To make a child act like a large trailer chasing after an item containing the oil is pulled by a string, thereby cultivating a safe driving and caring heart in the child. Two rectangular magnets are placed sideways on one side of a conventional magnetically connected regular polygonal panel, and the NS magnetic poles and SN magnetic poles are vertically aligned in a complementary manner, and it is a regular multi-sided magnet. In the magnetic force connection panel set of the fixed square magnet type that all sides are always attracted in all postures so that each side of the square is in the same order, there are many L-shaped families and square magnets are turned upside down. If you prepare a small number of R-type family panels in which SN magnetic poles and NS magnetic poles are arranged side by side so that they can be distinguished by color coding, etc., the panels of the R-type family form a three-dimensional structure similar to the L-type family, but the L It cannot intersect with solids composed of type families. One of the most basic principles of the universe and elementary particles is that in the types that distinguish between L-type and R-type light atoms such as carbon/nitrogen/oxygen, which are the main characters of the earth and living things, it is a diatomic molecule. A magnetic connection panel set that allows children to learn the same mechanism that often governs the formation of crystal lattices and crystal lattices. Even if there are the same number of L-type and R-type in the universe and society as a whole, in animals, plants, and crystal minerals on the left and right, there is a tendency for the same things to gather. can be expected to nurture their own fairness. Spherical magnets are embedded in the four corners of a rectangular panel plate with sharp corners, giving a gap to freely rotate, and these panel plates are installed in a maximum of 12 pieces, that is, 4 floorboards and 4 walls on the floor in the north, south, east and west. A means of constructing a panel set for an architectural model that enables seismic structural analysis to be performed on a scaled-down model by gathering the four corners of the board and four wall panels in the north, south, east, and west downstairs into one place to create a strong centripetal force. . A device that uses this architectural model as an ultra-long-period seismometer.

Images