JP2021519099A - 抗体を回避するウイルスベクター - Google Patents
抗体を回避するウイルスベクター Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2019年3月15日に出願した米国特許仮出願第62/819,388号、2018年12月7日に出願した米国特許仮出願第62/776,814号、2018年4月3日に出願した米国特許仮出願第62/652,111号に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、各仮出願は、参照により、その全体が、あらゆる目的で、本明細書に援用される。
本願には、ASCII形式で電子的に提出した配列表が含まれ、その配列表は、参照により、その全体が本明細書に援用される。2019年4月3日に作成した前記ASCIIコピーは、STRD−_006_03WO_SeqList_ST25.txtという名称であり、約2MBのサイズである。
本発明の説明及び添付の請求項では、下記の用語が用いられている。
本開示は、アミノ酸配列に改変(例えば置換)を含むAAVカプシドタンパク質(VP1、VP2及び/またはVP3)、ならびにその改変AAVカプシドタンパク質を含むウイルスカプシド及びウイルスベクターを提供する。本明細書に記載されている改変によって、その改変AAVカプシドタンパク質を含むウイルスベクターに、1つ以上の所望の特性(中和抗体を回避する能力が挙げられるが、これに限らない)を付与できることを本発明者は発見した。すなわち、本開示は、従来のAAVベクターに付随するいくつかの制限に対処するものである。
本開示は、本発明のウイルスベクターの作製方法をさらに提供する。したがって、一実施形態では、本開示は、中和抗体を回避するAAVベクターの作製方法であって、a)AAVカプシドタンパク質上で3次元抗原フットプリントを形成する接触アミノ酸残基を特定すること、b)(a)で特定した接触アミノ酸残基のアミノ酸置換を含むAAVカプシドタンパク質のライブラリーを作製すること、c)(b)のAAVカプシドタンパク質のライブラリーに由来するカプシドタンパク質を含むAAV粒子を作製すること、d)感染及び複製が可能な条件で、(c)のAAV粒子と細胞を接触させること、e)少なくとも1回の感染サイクルを完了して、コントロールのAAV粒子と同等の力価まで複製できるAAV粒子を選択すること、f)感染及び複製が可能な条件で、(e)で選択したAAV粒子と、中和抗体及び細胞を接触させること、ならびにg)(f)の中和抗体によって中和されないAAV粒子を選択することを含む方法を提供する。接触アミノ酸残基の特定方法の非限定的な例としては、ペプチドエピトープマッピング及び/または低温電子顕微鏡法が挙げられる。
本開示のウイルスベクターは、核酸を細胞にin vitro、ex vivo及びin vivoで送達するのに有用である。特に、本開示のウイルスベクターは有益なことに、哺乳動物を含む動物の細胞に核酸を送達または移入するのに用いることができる。したがって、いくつかの実施形態では、核酸(「カーゴ核酸」)を本開示のカプシドタンパク質に封入してよい。
本開示によるウイルスベクター及びカプシドは、獣医学的用途及び医学的用途の両方で使用される。好適な対象には、トリ及び哺乳動物の両方が含まれる。本明細書で使用する場合、「トリ」という用語には、ニワトリ、カモ、ガチョウ、ウズラ、シチメンチョウ、キジ、オウム、インコなどが含まれるが、これらに限らない。本明細書で使用する場合、「哺乳動物」という用語には、ヒト、ヒト以外の霊長類動物、ウシ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、ウマ、ネコ、イヌ、ウサギなどが含まれるが、これらに限らない。ヒト対象には、新生児、乳児、若年者、成人及び高齢者の対象が含まれる。いくつかの実施形態では、ヒト対象は、生後6カ月未満、2歳未満、5歳未満、10歳未満、10〜18歳、19〜29歳、30〜35歳、36〜40歳または40歳超であることができる。
下記の番号の付された実施形態は、本開示の範囲に含まれる。
P659R、T660S、A661T、K664Gであって、そのナンバリングが、野生型AAV9カプシド(配列番号7)に対応する置換
という、HIループにおける置換のうちの1つ以上を含む、実施形態8に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
抗体を回避するAAV変異体の作製方法は、以下のとおりである。第1の工程は、例えば低温電子顕微鏡法を用いて、そのAAVカプシド表面上の立体構造的な3D抗原エピトープを特定することを含む。続いて、縮重プライマーを用いて、抗原モチーフ内の、選択された残基に対して、変異誘発を行い、各コドンをヌクレオチドNNKによって置換し、遺伝子断片をギブソンアセンブリー及び/または多段階PCRによって連結する。変異した抗原モチーフの縮重ライブラリーを含むカプシドコード遺伝子を野生型AAVゲノムにクローニングして、DNA配列をコードする元のCapを置き換え、プラスミドライブラリーを作製する。そして、プラスミドライブラリーを293プロデューサー細胞株に、アデノウイルスヘルパープラスミドとともにトランスフェクションして、AAVライブラリー(すなわち、上記の変異AAVカプシドを含むAAVのライブラリー)を作製し、続いて、そのライブラリーで選択を行うことができる。AAVライブラリーの作製がうまくいったか、DNAシーケンシングで確認する。
実施例1において肝臓から単離した様々なAAVベクターが概ね、感染性を有し、培養細胞に形質導入できるかを確認するために、GFP導入遺伝子をパッケージングした様々なAAVベクターを調製した(AAV8、AAV−SB1(配列番号380)、AAV−SB6(配列番号437))。これらのAAVベクターと、標準的な培養条件下で維持したU87細胞(初代グリオブラストーマ細胞株)を接触させた。それらの細胞は、多重感染度(MOI)40,000vg/細胞で感染させた。48時間後、蛍光顕微鏡を用いて、それらの細胞を画像化した。
in vivoでの進化後、上記の実施例1で特定された置換のうちの1つ以上を含む5つの組み換えカプシドタンパク質、すなわち、SB1(配列番号380)、SB2(配列番号384)、SB3(配列番号783)、SB4(配列番号784)、SB5(配列番号785)をin vitroでの特徴付けのために選択した。上記の組み換えカプシドタンパク質を含むとともに、ルシフェラーゼ導入遺伝子をパッケージングした組み換えAAVベクターを調製した。これらのAAVベクター(AAV−SB1、AAV−SB2、AAV−SB3、AAV−SB4及びAAV−SB5)は、親AAV8株に由来するものであった。
ドナー血清の100個の試料に対する中和アッセイにおいて、親AAV8、AAV−SB1、AAV−SB2、ならびに肝臓を標的とする他の3つのカプシド(AAV5、HSC15及びLK03)を試験した。1:5の希釈率の血清の存在下での各AAVのU87細胞への形質導入効率と、血清の非存在下での形質導入効率を比較した(ルシフェラーゼ発現レベルによって測定)。AAVベクターのルシフェラーゼ発現量が、血清の非存在下でのルシフェラーゼレベルの50%未満まで低下した血清試料では、中和されたものとみなした。
この試験は、ヒト以外の霊長類動物(NHP)における肝臓に対するカプシドトロピズムの進化が、マウスにおける肝臓に対するトロピズムに影響を及ぼすのかを評価する目的で行った。このことは、利用可能なマウスモデルにおいて、概念実証試験を実施するために重要である。正常なBI/6マウスにおいて、小規模な試験を行った。試験デザインは、下記の表9に示されている。マウスに、2つの用量のうちの1つをIV注射し、注射から30日後に、GFP発現に関する免疫組織化学(IHC)解析、及びqPCRによるベクターゲノム(vg)の定量のために、組織を採取した。
BLOD - 検出限界未満
Claims (53)
- 組み換えアデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)カプシドタンパク質であって、前記カプシドタンパク質が、前記AAVカプシドタンパク質の抗原部位に置換を含み、前記置換が、配列番号9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、297、298、299または411〜421のうちのいずれか1つの配列を有する前記組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 前記置換が、配列番号9、10、14または17のうちのいずれか1つの配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 前記AAVカプシドタンパク質が、第1のアミノ酸置換及び第2のアミノ酸置換含み、前記第1のアミノ酸置換及び前記第2のアミノ酸置換がそれぞれ、前記AAVカプシドタンパク質の異なる抗原部位を改変し、前記第1のアミノ酸置換及び前記第2のアミノ酸置換がそれぞれ、配列番号9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、297、298、299または411〜421のうちのいずれか1つを含む、請求項1または2に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 前記AAVカプシドタンパク質が、第1の酸置換、第2のアミノ酸置換及び第3のアミノ酸置換を含み、前記第1のアミノ酸置換、前記第2のアミノ酸置換及び前記第3のアミノ酸置換がそれぞれ、前記AAVカプシドタンパク質の異なる抗原部位を改変し、前記第1のアミノ酸置換、前記第2のアミノ酸置換及び前記第3のアミノ酸置換がそれぞれ、配列番号9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、297、298、299または411〜421のうちのいずれか1つを含む、請求項1または2に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 前記第1のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号9を含み、前記第2のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号10、11、12、13、14、15、16、297、298、299または411〜421のうちのいずれか1つを含み、前記第3のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号17を含む、請求項4に記載の組み換えAAVカプシド。
- 前記第1のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号9を含み、前記第2のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号10を含み、前記第3のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号17を含む、請求項5に記載の組み換えAAVカプシド。
- 前記第1のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号9を含み、前記第2のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号14を含み、前記第3のアミノ酸置換が、配列番号17を含む、請求項5に記載の組み換えAAVカプシド。
- 前記カプシドのHIループを改変する置換をさらに含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- P661R、T662S、Q666G、S667Dであって、そのナンバリングが、野生型AAV8カプシド(配列番号6)に対応する置換、または
P659R、T660S、A661T、K664Gであって、そのナンバリングが、野生型AAV9カプシド(配列番号7)に対応する置換
という、HIループにおける置換のうちの1つ以上を含む、請求項8に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。 - AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9、AAV10、AAV11、AAV12、AAVrh.8、AAVrh.10、AAVrh32.33、AAVrh74、ウシAAV及びトリAAVから選択したAAVセロタイプのものである、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- キメラAAVカプシドタンパク質である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 2つ以上のAAVセロタイプに由来する配列を含む、請求項11に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 3つ以上のAAVセロタイプに由来する配列を含む、請求項12に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号18〜80、300〜410、422〜612または783〜785のうちのいずれか1つとの配列同一性が少なくとも90%であるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号18〜80、300〜410、422〜612または783〜785のうちのいずれか1つのアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項14に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号380または配列番号384のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項15に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 前記1つ以上の抗原部位の改変により、前記1つ以上の抗原部位への抗体の結合が阻害される、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 前記1つ以上の抗原部位の改変により、前記AAVカプシドタンパク質を含むウイルス粒子の感染性の中和が阻害される、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号49のアミノ酸配列を含む組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号49の454〜460番目のアミノ酸に及ぶ領域を配列番号9と置き換えることによって改変されている、請求項19に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号49の493〜500番目のアミノ酸に及ぶ領域を配列番号10、11、12、13、14、15、16、297、298、299または411〜421のうちのいずれか1つと置き換えることによって改変されている、請求項19または20のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号49の585〜590番目のアミノ酸に及ぶ領域を配列番号17と置き換えることによって改変されている、請求項19〜21のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号49の454〜460番目のアミノ酸に及ぶ領域を配列番号9と置き換え、配列番号49の493〜500番目のアミノ酸に及ぶ領域を配列番号10、11、12、13、14、15、16、297、298、299または411〜421のうちのいずれか1つと置き換え、配列番号49の585〜590番目のアミノ酸に及ぶ領域を配列番号17と置き換えることによって改変されている、請求項19〜22のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 前記改変により、前記AAVカプシドタンパク質への抗体の結合が阻害される、実施形態19〜23のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 前記改変により、前記AAVカプシドタンパク質を含むウイルス粒子の感染性の中和が阻害される、請求項19〜24のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号18〜80、300〜410、422〜612または783〜785のうちのいずれか1つのアミノ酸配列を含む組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 配列番号380または配列番号384のアミノ酸配列を含む組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質。
- 請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えAAVカプシドタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列。
- DNA配列である、請求項28に記載のヌクレオチド配列。
- RNA配列である、請求項28に記載のヌクレオチド配列。
- 請求項28〜30のいずれか1項に記載のヌクレオチド配列を含む発現ベクター。
- 請求項28〜30のいずれか1項に記載のヌクレオチド配列または請求項31に記載の発現ベクターを含む細胞。
- 請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の組み換えカプシドタンパク質を含むAAVウイルスベクター。
- 前記カプシドタンパク質に封入されたカーゴ核酸をさらに含む、請求項33に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
- 前記カーゴ核酸が、治療用のタンパク質またはRNAをコードする、請求項34に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
- 前記カーゴ核酸が、遺伝子編集分子をコードする、請求項34〜35のいずれか1項に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
- 前記遺伝子編集分子が、ヌクレアーゼである、請求項36に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
- 前記遺伝子編集分子が、Cas9ヌクレアーゼである、請求項37に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
- 前記遺伝子編集分子が、Cpf1ヌクレアーゼである、請求項37に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
- 前記遺伝子編集分子が、シングルガイドRNAである、請求項36に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
- 請求項33〜40のいずれか1項に記載のAAVウイルスベクターを含む医薬組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される担体をさらに含む、請求項41に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項32に記載の細胞または請求項31に記載の発現ベクターを含む医薬組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される担体をさらに含む、請求項43に記載の医薬組成物。
- 治療の必要な患者の治療方法であって、前記患者に、実施形態33〜40のいずれか1項に記載のAAVウイルスベクターまたは請求項41〜44のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物を治療有効量投与することを含む前記方法。
- 前記患者が、肝臓疾患または肝臓障害である、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記肝臓疾患または肝臓障害が、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、非アルコール性脂肪肝疾患(NAFLD)、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎(NASH)、自己免疫性肝炎、B型肝炎、C型肝炎、アルコール性肝疾患、線維症、黄疸、原発性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)、バッド−キアリ症候群、ヘモクロマトーシス、ウィルソン病、アルコール性線維症、非アルコール性線維症、肝脂肪変性、ジルベール症候群、胆道閉鎖症、α1−アンチトリプシン欠乏症、アラジール症候群、進行性家族性肝内胆汁うっ滞症、血友病B、遺伝性血管浮腫(HAE)、家族性高コレステロール血症(ホモ接合体)(HoFH)、家族性高コレステロール血症(ヘテロ接合体)(HeFH)、フォンギールケ病(GSD I)、血友病A、メチルマロン酸血症、プロピオン酸血症、ホモシスチン尿症、フェニルケトン尿症(PKU)、チロシン血症I型、アルギナーゼI欠損症、アルギニノコハク酸リアーゼ欠損症、カルバモイルリン酸合成酵素1欠損症、シトルリン血症1型、シトリン欠損症、クリグラー−ナジャール症候群1型、シスチン症、ファブリー病、グリコーゲン貯蔵病Ib、LPL欠損症、N−アセチルグルタミン酸合成酵素欠損症、オルニチントランスカルバミラーゼ欠損症、オルニチントランスロカーゼ欠損症、原発性高シュウ酸尿症I型またはADA SCIDである、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 前記肝臓疾患または肝臓障害が、肝臓癌または肝転移である、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 前記患者が、哺乳動物である、請求項45〜48のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記患者が、ヒトである、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 核酸分子の細胞への導入方法であって、前記細胞と、請求項33〜40のいずれか1項に記載のAAVウイルスベクターを接触させることを含む前記方法。
- 医薬として使用するための、請求項33〜40のいずれか1項に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
- 治療方法で使用するための、請求項33〜40のいずれか1項に記載のAAVウイルスベクター。
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US20210363191A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
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