JP2021510594A - 臓器の虚血再灌流傷害を予防する方法における使用のためのil−33のアンタゴニスト - Google Patents
臓器の虚血再灌流傷害を予防する方法における使用のためのil−33のアンタゴニスト Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
炎症は、白血球浸潤及び尿細管傷害を特徴とする虚血再灌流傷害(IRI)の顕著な特徴である。ただし、これらのイベントを開始させる信号はよく理解されていないままである。本研究は、組織損傷の開始因子として、またマウスの実験的腎虚血再灌流によって引き起こされる自然免疫反応の主要な増幅因子として、核内アラーミンのインターロイキン(IL)−33を同定している。IL−33は、主に微小血管内皮細胞によって、尿細管周囲腔及び糸球体周囲腔に腎臓全体で構成的に発現されており、IRIの際にはここから直ちに放出される。IL−33を欠くマウス(IL−33Gt/Gt)では、早期の尿細管細胞傷害の減少、及びその後のIFN−γ/IL−17A産生好中球の浸潤の減少及び腎機能の維持によって証明されるとおり、IRIは減少する。この保護は、骨髄DC、NK及びiNKT細胞の減少に関連しており、これらは、IRIでの潜在的に有害な役割で知られている。主要なIL−33共作用物質である循環IL−12の増加、及びiNKT細胞の表面IL−33特異的受容体過剰発現は、好中球細胞浸潤のIL−33及びiNKT細胞依存期に先行する。この知見によって、IL−33がIFN−γとIL−17Aの両方を誘導することによりiNKT細胞を標的にするというインビトロの観察とともに、内因性IL−33がiNKT細胞動員及びサイトカイン産生を促進することにより腎臓IRIの一因となり、結果として傷害部位での好中球の浸潤及び活性化が生じることを本発明者らは提案するに至る。まとめると、発明者らの知見は、腎虚血再灌流によって誘導される自然免疫細胞の動員の一因となる新規な分子メディエーターを明らかにしており、腎移植に伴う急性腎傷害への新しい治療的洞察を提供し得る。
−浸透圧 320mOsmol/kg及びpH7.4を有するUniversity of Wisconsinの溶液(UW又はViaSpan(登録商標))で、水中に1リットルでは以下の処方の溶液:ラクトビオン酸カリウム:100mM、KOH:100mM、NaOH:27mM、KH2PO4:25mM、MgSO4:5mM、ラフィノース:30mM、アデノシン:5mM、グルタチオン:3mM、アロプリノール:1mM、ヒドロキシエチルデンプン:50g/L、
−浸透圧 320mOsm/kg及びpH7.4を有するIGL-1(登録商標)で、水中に1リットルあたり以下の処方の溶液:NaCL:125mM、KH2PO4:25mM、MgSO4:5mM、ラフィノース:30mM、ラクトビオン酸カリウム:100mM、グルタチオン:3mM、アロプリノール:1mM、アデノシン:5mM、ポリエチレングリコール(分子量:35kDa):1g/L、
−浸透圧 320mOsm/kg及びpH7.3を有するCelsior(登録商標)で、水中に1リットルあたり以下の処方の溶液:グルタチオン:3mM、マンニトール:60mM、ラクトビオン酸:80mM、グルタミン酸:20mM、NaOH:100mM、塩化カルシウム二水和物:0.25mM、MgSO4:1.2mM、KCl:15mM、塩化マグネシウム六水和物:13mM、ヒスチジン30mM、
−BMPS Belzer(登録商標)又はBelzer機灌流溶液又はKPS1、特に100mEq/L ナトリウム、25mEq/L カリウムを含み、周囲温度でpH7.4、浸透圧 300mOsm/Lを有する溶液、
−室温でpH7.20、及び浸透圧 310mOsm/kgを有する、水中に1リットルあたり以下の処方を有するCustodiol(登録商標)HTK溶液:NaCl:18.0mM、KCl:15.0mM、KH2PO4:9mM、2−ケトグルタル酸水素カリウム:1.0mM、塩化マグネシウム六水和物:4.0mM;ヒスチジン、HCl、H2O:18.0mM、ヒスチジン:198.0mM、トリプトファン:2.0mM、マンニトール:30.0mM、塩化カルシウム二水和物:0.015mM、
−浸透圧 486mOsm/kg及びpH7.1を有するSoltran(登録商標)で、水中に1リットルあたり以下の処方を有する溶液:ナトリウム:84mM、カリウム:80mM、マグネシウム:41mM、硫酸塩:41mM、マンニトール33.8g/l、クエン酸塩:54mM、グルコース:194mM、
−浸透圧 295mOsmol/L及び水中に以下の処方を有するPerfadex(登録商標):50g/L デキストラン40(分子量:40,000)、Na+ 138mM、K+6mM、Mg2+:0.8mM、Cl−142mM、SO42− 0.8mM、(+H2PO4−、HPO42−):0.8mM、グルコース 5mM、
−周囲温度でpH6.0〜7.5であり、浸透圧 276.8mOsmol/Lを有する乳酸リンゲル液(登録商標)で、水中に以下の処方の溶液::Na+ 130mM、K+ 5.4mM、Ca2+:1.8mM、Cl−:111mM、乳酸:27.7mM、
−水中に以下の処方のPlegisol(登録商標):KCl:1.193g/l、MgCl2、H2O:3.253g/L、NaCl:6.43g/L、CaCl2:0.176g/l、
−周囲温度でpH7.4であり、浸透圧 320mOsmol/Lを有するSolution Hospital Edouard Henriotで、水中に以下の処方の溶液:KOH:25mM、NaOH:125mM、KH2PO4:25mM、MgCl2:5mM、MgSO4:5mM、ラフィノース:30mM、ラクトビオン酸:100mM、グルタチオン:3mM、アロプリノール:1mM、アデノシン:5mM、ヒドロキシエチルデンプン 50g/L、並びに
−ヒト血清アルブミン、デキストラン、及び低濃度のカリウムを含む細胞外電解質を含むSteen(登録商標)溶液。
動物
野生型C57BL/6マウスをJanvier Labs(Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France)から購入した。Lac−z遺伝子トラップ(Gt)レポーターを備えたIL−33欠損C57BL/6マウス(IL−33Gt/Gt)は、Piceryら(52)に報告されたとおり作成された。Jα18KO C57BL/6マウス(iNKT細胞を欠く)及びST2KO C57BL/6マウスは、それぞれM Taniguchi(53)及びA McKenzie(54)から提供された。全てのマウスは、特定の無菌条件下で我々の動物施設で維持された。体重25〜30gの10〜12週齢のオスマウスを全ての実験に使用した。動物の世話及び実験の操作は、フランス農林省(French Agriculture and Forestry Ministry)(法令87849)及び欧州共同体理事会指令(European Communities Council Directive)(86/609/EEC)のガイドラインに従って行われ、地域の倫理委員会(COMETHEA:CE2012-06)に承認された。
片側腎虚血再灌流の確立されたマウスモデルが使用された。簡単に述べると、マウスをイソフルラン(誘導には2%、維持には1.5%)で麻酔した。側腹部切開後、まっすぐなSchwartzマイクロクリップ(Fine Science Tools, Heidelberg, Germany)を使用して右腎茎を32分間クランプ固定し、その後解放した。この虚血の期間は、高い死亡率なしに顕著な重症度の腎傷害を誘導するために選択され、機能回復後の線維症プロセスの評価を可能にした。左の対側腎臓(Ctr)を結紮し、IRI誘導前に摘出し、IRI及びSham腎臓との比較のための健常な内部対照として使用した。偽手術マウスは、腎茎のクランプ固定を除く同一の外科的処置を受け、IRIマウスの対照として機能した。体温は、処置全体を通じて制御された。次に、食餌と水を自由に摂取させて、動物を回復させた。イソフルラン麻酔したマウスの後眼窩洞から血液を採取し、1、3、6、又は24時間再灌流して右腎臓を摘出した。
血漿クレアチニン及び血中尿素窒素(BUN)は、報告されている高性能液体クロマトグラフィー(55)及びCobas C701自動分析装置(Roche Diagnostic)をそれぞれ使用して、再灌流の1、3、6、又は24時間後に測定されて腎機能が評価された。
製造業者の取扱説明書に従い、マウスIL−33及びMCP−1(Quantikineキット)並びにマウスIL−17A及びヒトIL−8(Duotest)をサンドイッチELISA(R&D Systems)によって血漿中で定量した。以前に報告されているとおり(29)、マウスIFN−γを標準的なサンドイッチELISAによって定量した。製造業者の取扱説明書に従い、Luminex法を使用して、血漿中のマウスIL−12p70、MIP−2、CCL5/RANTES、CXCL9/MIG及びCXCL10を測定した(R&D Systems)。
腎臓を4%ホルモルで固定し、パラフィンワックスに包埋し、3.5μmで薄切した。過ヨウ素酸シッフ(PAS)染色を使用して、尿細管傷害を評価した。組織学的変化は、示された尿細管の評価によって評価された:拡張、細胞壊死及び円柱形成、間質性浮腫及び間質性炎症に加えて刷子縁の消失。全ての組織学的検査は、以下のとおり半定量的スケールを使用して盲検法で腎病理学者(JMG)によって実行された。0(損傷なし);1(腎臓切片全体の25%未満に影響を与える損傷)、2(腎臓切片の25〜50%に影響を与える損傷)、3(腎臓切片全体の50%以上に影響を与える損傷)。
免疫染色及びウエスタンブロット分析には、マウスの全長(34〜37kD)及び切断IL−33(19〜22kD)を認識するポリクローナルヤギ抗マウスIL−33抗体(R&D Systems、クローンAF3626)を使用した。
凍結保存された腎臓切片(5μm)を冷アセトンで10分間固定し、次に室温で30分間シリウスレッド(Diapath)で染色した。切片を酸性水、エタノール(95%、次に100%)で洗浄し、光学顕微鏡分析用にマウントした。分析された表面積全体で正規化されたコラーゲン沈着量(赤い面積)は、Visilog7.1ソフトウェアを使用してデジタル的に定量された。
製造業者の取扱説明書(Macherey-Nagel)に従い、Nucleospin RNA抽出キットを使用して、マウスの腎組織から総RNAを抽出した。各試料からの総RNA(1μg)は、qScript cDNA Supermix(Quanta Biosciences)を使用して、cDNAに逆転写された。2X Perfecta SYBER Green Mix(Quanta Biosciences)及び500nM マウスIl−33特異的プライマーを使用して、Rotor-Gene Q Lightcycler(Qiagen)で定量的リアルタイムポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)を実行した。結果は次にNono mRNA含有量で正規化された。
新鮮な腎臓を細かく切り刻み、70μm こし器(BD Falcon)に通し、完全RPMI 1640(Life Technologies)中で300gで10分間遠心分離した。細胞ペレットを36% パーコール溶液(GE Healthcare)に再懸濁し、次に72% パーコール溶液の層にロードした後、500gで20分間、室温で遠心分離した。白血球をパーコールの界面層から回収し、PBS1Xで洗浄した。腎白血球の表現型分析は、以下のmAbを使用したフローサイトメトリーによって実行された:CD45-BV510(クローン30-F11;Biolegend)、CD11b-PE(クローン:M1/70;Biolegend)、F4/80-FITC(クローン:BM8;Biolegend)、GR-1-BV421(クローン:RB6-8C5;Biolegend)、NK1.1-APC(クローン:PK136;Biolegend)、NK1.1-PerCpCy5.5(クローン:PK136;BD Biosciences)、CD3-PerCpCy5.5(クローン:17A2;Biolegend)及びST2-APC(クローン:245707;R&D systems)。iNKT細胞を特定するために、α−ガラクトシルセラミド類似体PBS57を負荷したBV421に結合したマウスCD1dテトラマー(TT)で、又はその負荷していないテトラマーを対照として使用し、試料を染色した。
iNKT(PBS57負荷TT(+)CD5(+))細胞は、前述のように(29)、FACSによってソートされた。ソーティングの前に、製造業者の取扱説明書に従い、CD8、CD11b、CD62L、及びCD19細胞を磁気的に枯渇(Invitrogen Life Technology)させて、新たに単離された脾細胞からiNKT細胞を濃縮した。ソートされた細胞は、日常的に純度97%であった。コートされた抗CD3 mAb(1μg/mL、BD Pharmingen)を含むか含まない200μg/mL 完全RPMIで、マウスIL−33(10ng/mL、R&D Systems)及び/又はマウスIL−12(20ng/mL、R&D Systems)の存在下又は非存在下で、37℃及び5% CO2で丸底96ウェルプレート中、合計2.5×104個のソート済みiNKTを48時間培養した。IFN−γ及びIL−17Aは、ELISAにより上清中で測定された。
不死化マウス腎臓の近位尿細管上皮(TKPTS)細胞は、Elsa Bello-Reuss教授(Texas)から提供され、Dr Rafia Al-Lamki(Dr Bradley's laboratory所属, Cambridge, UK)から送付された。正常な腎臓に由来するヒト腎近位尿細管上皮細胞株HRPTEC及びHK−2は、それぞれATCCから購入され、Pr. Tauc(Sofia-Antipolis University, Nice, France)から提供された。細胞は、37℃で5% CO2の加湿雰囲気内で、4%(HRPTEC)、5%(TKPTS)又は10%(HK−2)のFBSを補足したフェノールレッドを含まないダルベッコ改変イーグル培地DMEM/F12で培養された。細胞コンフルエンスが70〜80%に達するまで培地を2日毎にリフレッシュして、適切なマウス又はヒト組換えIL−33(R&D Systems、10〜20ng/mL)の存在下又は非存在下で24時間又は48時間更にインキュベートした。IL−8及びMCP−1は、ELISAにより上清中で測定された。
CellROX(登録商標)グリーン試薬(ThermoFisher Scientific)を使用して、酸化ストレスを反映する腎臓のスーパーオキシド産生を評価した。腎臓の凍結保存切片(5μm)を5μMのCellROXグリーン試薬と一緒に暗所で37℃で30分間インキュベートした。次に試料をPBS1Xで洗浄し、DAPI(SouthernBiotech)を含む培地でマウントして、Olympus BX41蛍光顕微鏡システムを使用して観察した。Image Jを使用して酸化ストレスを求めて算出した。データは任意の単位(AU)で陽性染色細胞のΣ平均(グリーン信号)/核のΣ平均(ブルー信号)の割合として表された。動物毎に、5〜7視野を分析した。
GraphPad Prismソフトウェア、バージョン5.0を使用して統計分析を実行した。全ての実験群は、ノンパラメトリックのマンホイットニーU検定を使用して二群のP値を計算し、そして三群以上には一元配置分散分析に続くTukey事後検定を使用して比較した。生存分析には、ログランク検定と共にカプラン・マイヤープロットを使用した。P<0.05は統計的に有意であると見なされた。データは平均値±SEMとして示されている。
IL−33は、微小血管内皮細胞の核で構成的に発現している。
最初に、野生型(WT)マウスの健常腎臓におけるIL−33の発現及びその局在を調べた。Akcayら(21)の観察のとおり、IL−33は免疫組織化学により、糸球体周囲及び尿細管周囲に明確に検出された(データは示さない)。免疫染色の特異性は、IL−33欠損マウスの腎臓に免疫反応がないことで検証された。IL−33は、尿細管周囲細胞及び糸球体周囲細胞の両方で、大部分核で、構成的に発現していた(データは示さない)。IL−33欠損マウスでは免疫蛍光は検出されなかった(データは示さない)。IL−33と、非常に特異的な内皮細胞マーカーであるCD31との共染色により、間質細胞の過半数(約60〜70%)が両分子を共発現していることが明らかになった(データは示さない)。20〜30% CD31(−)IL−33(+)細胞は、一般的な白血球マーカーCD45との共染色によって評価されたとおり、常在免疫細胞ではなかった。実際、白血球として同定されたCD45強陽性細胞はIL−33を発現しなかった(データは示さない)。
腎虚血再灌流後の組織損傷は、内皮細胞壊死につながる血流の急激な減少によって開始する。我々は、虚血再灌流直後にIL−33が壊死性内皮細胞から放出される可能性があると推測した。この仮定を検証するには、対側腎摘出後32分間腎茎の片側クランプ固定によってWT C57BL/6マウスでIRIを誘導した。IL−33免疫蛍光染色は、内部(定常状態)対照として使用される対応する健常な対側(Ctr)(データは示さない)と比較して、損傷した腎臓の再灌流の1時間後には、糸球体周囲及び尿細管周囲の内皮細胞(CD31(+))の両方で明らかに減少した(データは示さない)。アラーミン放出と一致して、細胞内IL−33は、クランプ固定なしの偽手術(Sham)マウスでは減少しなかった(データは示さない)。虚血性腎臓からのIL−33のこの部分的な早期消失は、ウエスタンブロット分析によって確認された(データは示さない)。これは、循環IL−33の上昇と同時であったが、IRI(T0)の前には事実上検出できず、クランプ固定後1時間で血漿中で増加した。この時点では、切開のみに起因して、Shamマウスに部分的で一時的であるがわずかな増加が見られた(データは示さない)。血漿IL−33レベルの上昇は最大6時間持続し、再灌流後24時間以内にベースラインに戻った(データは示さない)。再灌流の1時間後のIL−33の放出は、RTqPCR分析によって証明されたとおり、転写を必要としなかったが、これは、対照腎臓(Ctr)(1.0±0.035、平均値±SEM、n=7)と虚血後1時間の腎臓(0.95±0.08、平均値±SEM、n=5;p=0.67、t検定)の間のIl−33遺伝子発現に差がないことを明らかにした。これらのデータは、IL−33が虚血マウスでアラーミンとして作用するという見解のとおり、損傷直後のデノボ合成というよりは内因性タンパク質の放出を支持している。
クランプ固定24時間後のWT及びIL−33欠損マウスにおいて、血中クレアチニン(図1A)及び尿素窒素(BUN)(図1B)を測定することにより、腎機能に対するIL−33の影響を評価した。対応するそのShamと比較して、IL−33を欠くマウスではこれらの基準により腎機能障害がないことが明らかになった。この結果は、重症の腎不全の結果として、WTマウスの50% 生存とは対照的に、手術後の最初の3〜4日以内のこれらの100% 生存率によって確認された(図2)。皮髄境界部での刷子縁の消失、円柱形成、尿細管拡張及び炎症性浸潤によって評価された急性尿細管壊死(ATN)は、IL−33欠損腎臓ではその対応するWTに対して減少し(データは示さない)、ATNスコアは大幅に低下した(図1C)。ST2欠損マウスの腎臓も同様に中程度のATNスコアを示し(図3A及びB)、IL−33がその特異的ST2受容体を介して腎臓IRIを誘導することを証明している。
虚血/再灌流後に、好中球、単球/マクロファージ、及び骨髄樹状細胞(DC)が腎臓に動員され、IRIに介在する(6)。IRIの24時間後のWT及びIL−33欠損マウスにおいて、CD45(+)細胞として識別された総腎白血球の出現率を比較することにより、このプロセスに対するIL−33の寄与を評価した。総CD45(+)細胞数は、WTマウスでIRIを受けている腎臓では、未処置マウス及びShamマウスよりも有意に高く(データは示さない)、顕著な浸潤を示していた。特に、CD45(+)細胞動員は、IL−33を欠くマウスで少なくとも2倍減少した。これらの細胞を更に試験すると、単球/マクロファージ(CD11bhighF4/80low)(データは示さない)、骨髄DC(CD11blowF4/80high)(データは示さない)、及び好中球(GR−1highCD11bhigh)(データは示さない)の数が全て、骨髄の細胞輸送の減少を反映して減少したことが分かった。
虚血再灌流によって誘導されるiNKT細胞の活性化及び腎臓への動員は、腎傷害前の好中球浸潤及び炎症性サイトカイン産生にとって決定的に重要であると考えられている(6)。IL−33がiNKT細胞の活性化及び炎症組織への動員を推進することを知って(37)、その欠損がIRI誘導24時間後のこのサブセットにどのように影響するかを調べた。以前に報告されたように(31、32)、iNKT細胞(PBS57負荷CD1d TT(+)CD3(+))は、未処置及びSham対照と比較して、IRI後のWT腎臓で、細胞数(データは示さない)及び頻度(データは示さない)の両方に関して顕著に増加した。更には、それらのCD69細胞表面発現は、IRIによる活性化を反映して上方制御された(データは示さない)。同じ条件で、IL−33が欠損したマウスではいずれの増加もなかったが、このことは、IRI誘導iNKT細胞輸送におけるIL−33の重要な役割を確立した。炎症部位でiNKT細胞を動員する能力がよく認識されている3種のケモカインである(38、39)、IP−10/CXCL10、MIG/CXCL9及びRANTES/CCL5の血漿レベルは、IRI誘導後3時間以内に増加したが、これはWT及びIL−33欠損マウスにおいて同様に起こっており、これらのケモカインがIRI中のその産生についてIL−33に依存しないことを示唆する発見である。
腎IRIにおけるiNKT細胞活性化及び動員に介在するIL−33の重要な役割は、iNKT細胞欠損Jα18KOマウス及びIL−33欠損マウスの同様の表現型、即ち、IRIに対する完全な保護(データは示さない)と共に好中球(データは示さない)及び単球/マクロファージ(データは示さない)浸潤の減少によって支持される。ここで留意すべきは、末梢血へのIL−33放出の血漿レベル及び時間経過は、IRIを受けているJα18KOマウスのiNKT細胞欠損の影響を受けなかったが(データは示さない)、これはIL−33活性のメディエーターとしてのiNKT細胞の必要性を強調する発見である。
IRI誘導24時間後のIL−33依存性炎症反応のピークの前には、再灌流の最初の6時間を含む非常に早い段階があり、クレアチニン/BUNレベル及びATNスコアのわずかであるが有意な増加(データは示さない)、並びに骨髄細胞浸潤(データは示さない)を特徴とする。尿細管上皮壊死及び腎機能の変化の両方(しかし、骨髄細胞の動員(データは示さない)も炎症部位へのこれらの動員に関与する(41)ケモカインのMCP−1/CCL2及びMIP−2/CXCL2の増加(データは示さない)もこの限りでない)が、IRI6時間後のIL−33欠損マウスでは消失したという事実は、IL−33が免疫細胞に依存しないやり方で組織病変を開始させるという見解を支持する。この証拠は、IL−33が腎上皮細胞を標的とするという我々のインビトロの発見を裏付けている(データは示さない)。更には、この初期の炎症エピソードは、iNKT細胞(データは示さない)、NK細胞及び骨髄DC(データは示さない)の動員に先行したが、これは、IL−33/自然ST2発現細胞軸が、単球/マクロファージ及び好中球浸潤を開始させるというよりは増幅することを示している。
興味深いことに、IL−33の放出はIRIの1時間後すぐにピークに達したが、骨髄細胞の動員に対するその影響はIRI誘導の24時間後にのみ発生した。恐らく、IL−33は、独立した刺激というよりは、TCR及び/又はIL−12刺激の補因子としてiNKT細胞を標的としていると考えられる。実際、我々は血漿IL−12の3倍の増加に注目したが、それはIR後わずか6時間でそのピークに達した(データは示さない)。IL−12の放出と同様に、iNKT細胞のTCR介在性活性化はIRIの誘導後最初の数時間以内に起こらないが(31)、IL−12と組合せてTCRで刺激されたiNKT細胞によるIFN−g産生を劇的に増強すると報告された((28〜30)及びデータは示さない)。これらのデータは、iNKT細胞の表面ST2レベルの最大の増加がクランプ固定後最初の数時間以内に達成されなかったという事実(データは示さない)と共に、免疫細胞に対するIL−33の増幅効果がIRIの24時間後にのみ現れた理由を説明するかもしれない。
内因性IL−33は、組織損傷中に危険信号を媒介するアラーミンとして同定されている(16)。この概念は最近、腎傷害が早期のIL−33放出に関連しているヒト腎移植に適用されている(28)。また、IRI後のインビボ条件を模倣する内皮細胞のインビトロ低酸素/再酸素化にも当てはまる(28)。
本出願の至るところで、種々の参考文献により、本発明が関係する最新技術を説明している。これらの参考文献の開示は、引用によって本開示に取り込まれる。
Claims (15)
- 臓器における虚血再灌流傷害を予防するか、重症度を低減するか、又はそのリスクを低減する方法であって、治療有効量のIL−33アンタゴニストを臓器に投与することを含む方法。
- 臓器が、レシピエントに移植されることになっている、請求項1記載の方法。
- 臓器が、有効量のIL−33アンタゴニストで灌流される、請求項2記載の方法。
- 臓器が、温虚血及び/又は冷虚血の対象である、請求項2記載の方法。
- 外科的処置であって、肝臓切除術;血栓溶解療法、ステント留置術、又は外科的修復などによる心筋梗塞後の血行再建術;血栓溶解療法又は外科的修復などによる脳卒中後の血行再建術;あるいは、虚血傷害後の四肢の修復若しくは再接合術又は動脈瘤の外科的修復を含む、血管損傷後の血行再建術のような外科的処置中に実行される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 外科的処置が、臓器への血液供給のクランプ固定を必要とする、請求項5記載の方法。
- 外科的処置が、2つの血管の連結、例えば、冠動脈バイパス、末梢バイパス、血液透析アクセス(瘻孔の造設)、及び遊離皮弁手術(乳房及び顔面再建術)を伴う、請求項5記載の方法。
- 心筋組織、血管組織及び神経組織(特に脳組織)のような組織において起こり得る、任意の虚血性発作又は虚血性イベントに適用される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 急性腎傷害(AKI)後の慢性腎疾患(CKD)への進行を防止するための、請求項1記載の方法。
- IL−33アンタゴニストが、IL−33に対して結合親和性を有する抗体である、請求項1記載の方法。
- IL−33アンタゴニストが、ST2の細胞外ドメインに対する抗体である、請求項1記載の方法。
- IL−33アンタゴニストが、場合によりFc領域のような免疫グロブリン定常ドメインに融合された、IL−33を捕捉することができる可溶性受容体を形成するように、ST2の細胞外ドメインの全部又は一部を含むポリペプチドである、請求項1記載の方法。
- IL−33アンタゴニストが、siRNA又はアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドのような、IL−33又はST2発現のインヒビターである、請求項1記載の方法。
- IL−33アンタゴニストが、注入、ポンプ装置及び/又は任意の機械(例えば、バイパス機械)を使用して、対象又は単離された臓器に直接投与される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 有効量のIL−33アンタゴニストを含む保存溶液。
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