JP2021502480A - 冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021502480A JP2021502480A JP2020524510A JP2020524510A JP2021502480A JP 2021502480 A JP2021502480 A JP 2021502480A JP 2020524510 A JP2020524510 A JP 2020524510A JP 2020524510 A JP2020524510 A JP 2020524510A JP 2021502480 A JP2021502480 A JP 2021502480A
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
炭素(C)は、鋼を強化させるのに有効な元素である。本発明では、オーステナイトの安定化及び強度確保のために添加する。
上述した効果を得るために、Cを0.1%以上添加することが好ましいが、その含有量が0.3%を超えると、溶接性が低下するおそれがある。
したがって、本発明では、上記Cの含有量を0.1〜0.3%に制御することが好ましい。より有利には0.12〜0.20%に制御することができる。
マンガン(Mn)は、フェライトの変態を抑制するとともに、残留オーステナイトの形成及び安定化に有効な元素である。
かかるMnの含有量が6%未満の場合には、残留オーステナイトの安定性が不足するようになり、機械的物性の低下をもたらす。これに対し、その含有量が10%を超えると、合金コストが増加し、溶接性の低下をもたらすため好ましくない。
したがって、本発明では、上記Mnの含有量を6〜10%に制御することが好ましい。より有利には7〜9%に制御することができる。
リン(P)は、固溶強化の効果がある元素であるものの、その含有量が0.05%を超えると、溶接性が低下し、鋼の脆性が誘発されるおそれが大きくなるという問題がある。
したがって、本発明では、上記Pの含有量を0.05%以下に制御することが好ましく、より好ましくは0.02%以下に制御することができる。但し、製鋼時の生産性などの低下を考慮して0%は除く。
硫黄(S)は、鋼中に必然的に含有される元素であり、鋼板の延性及び溶接性を阻害する元素である。
特に、その含有量が0.02%を超えると、鋼板の延性及び溶接性を阻害する可能性が高くなるため、0.02%以下に制御することが好ましい。但し、製鋼時の生産性などの低下を考慮して0%は除く。
窒素(N)は、固溶強化の効果がある元素であるものの、その含有量が0.02%を超えると、脆性が発生する可能性が高くなり、Alと結合してAlNを過度に析出させて連続鋳造の品質を阻害するおそれがある。
したがって、本発明では、上記Nの含有量を0.02%以下に制御することが好ましい。但し、製鋼時の生産性などの低下を考慮して0%は除く。
アルミニウム(Al)は、フェライト内で炭化物の生成を抑制して残留オーステナイトの安定化に寄与し、鋼の脱酸のために添加する元素である。
上記Alの含有量が0.5%を超えると、鋼の引張強度が低下し、鋳造の際にモールドフラックスとの反応を介して健全なスラブの製造が難しくなり、表面酸化物を形成してめっき性を阻害するという問題がある。
したがって、本発明では、上記Alの含有量を0.5%以下に制御することが好ましい。より有利には0.3%以下含むことができ、0%は除く。
チタン(Ti)は、微細炭化物形成元素であって、降伏強度及び引張強度の向上に寄与する。また、Tiは、窒化物形成元素であって、鋼中NをTiNとして析出させてAlNの析出を抑制することにより、連続鋳造の際にクラックが発生するおそれを低減させるという効果がある。
かかるTiの含有量が0.1%を超えると、粗大な炭化物が析出され、鋼中炭素量の低減によって強度及び伸び率が劣化する可能性がある。また、連続鋳造の際にノズル詰まりを生じさせるおそれがある。
したがって、本発明では、上記Tiの含有量を0.1%以下に制御することが好ましい。
ニオブ(Nb)は、オーステナイト粒界に偏析されて焼鈍熱処理の際にオーステナイト結晶粒の粗大化を抑制し、微細な炭化物を形成して強度の向上に寄与する元素である。
かかるNbの含有量が0.1%を超えると、粗大な炭化物が析出され、鋼中炭素量の低減によって強度及び伸び率が減少するおそれがあり、製造コストが上昇するという問題がある。
したがって、本発明では、上記Nbの含有量を0.1%以下に制御することが好ましい。
バナジウム(V)は、炭素又は窒素と反応して炭窒化物を形成する元素であって、低温で微細な析出物を形成して鋼の降伏強度を増加させるのに重要な役割を果たす元素である。
かかるVの含有量が0.2%を超えると、粗大な炭化物が析出され、鋼中炭素量の低減によって強度及び伸び率が劣化するおそれがあり、製造コストが上昇するという問題がある。
したがって、本発明では、上記Vの含有量を0.2%以下に制御することが好ましい。
モリブデン(Mo)は、炭化物を形成する元素であって、Ti、Nb、Vなどの複合添加の際に析出物のサイズを微細に維持して降伏強度及び引張強度を向上させるという効果がある。
かかるMoの含有量が1%を超えると、上述した効果が飽和し、逆に製造コストが上昇するという問題がある。
したがって、本発明では、上記Moの含有量を1%以下に制御することが好ましい。
シリコン(Si)は、固溶強化元素であって、鋼板の強度を増加させる目的で添加することができるが、過多添加の際には焼鈍酸化物の生成によって鋼板のめっき性が劣化するという問題がある。したがって、上記Siは1.0%以下で添加することが好ましい。
上記Ni、Cu、及びCrは、残留オーステナイトの安定化に寄与する元素であって、C、Si、Mn、Alなどとともに複合作用し、オーステナイトの安定化をさらに向上させることができる。
但し、上記Ni、Cu、及びCrの含有量がそれぞれ1%、0.5%、1.0%を超えると、製造コストが過度に上昇するため好ましくない。
そして、上記Cuは、熱延の際に脆性を引き起こす可能性があるため、Niとともに添加することがより好ましい。
上記残留オーステナイト相の分率が20%未満であるか、又は焼鈍マルテンサイト相の分率が60%未満である場合には、超高強度はもちろんのこと、高延性及び穴拡げ性を安定的に確保することが難しくなる。
30nmを超えるサイズの析出物が多量に存在する場合には、析出物の粗大化によって微細析出物による効果、すなわち、強度の向上などの効果を十分に得ることができない。同様に、上述した微細析出物の個数が1013個/m2未満の場合でも、強度の向上効果を得ることができなくなる。
本発明では、熱間圧延を行う前に、用意された鋼スラブを再加熱して均質化処理する工程を経ることが好ましい。この際、1050〜1300℃で再加熱工程を行うことが好ましい。
上記再加熱温度が1050℃未満の場合には、後続する熱間圧延の際に荷重が急激に増加するという問題がある。これに対し、1300℃を超えると、エネルギーコストが増加するだけでなく、表面スケールの量が増加して材料の損失につながり、Mnが多量に含まれる場合には液相が存在する可能性がある。
したがって、鋼スラブ再加熱の際には1050〜1300℃の温度範囲で行うことが好ましい。
上記再加熱された鋼スラブを熱間圧延して熱延鋼板を製造することが好ましい。この際、800〜1000℃の温度範囲で仕上げ熱間圧延を行うことが好ましい。
上記仕上げ熱間圧延温度が800℃未満の場合には、圧延荷重が大幅に増加するという問題がある。これに対し、その温度が1000℃を超えると、スケールによる表面欠陥及び圧延ロールの寿命短縮を誘発する。
したがって、仕上げ熱間圧延の際には800〜1000℃の温度範囲で行うことが好ましい。
上記によって製造された熱延鋼板を50〜750℃の温度範囲で巻取ることが好ましい。
上記巻取温度が750℃を超えると、鋼板表面のスケールが過多に形成されて欠陥を誘発し、これはめっき性を劣化させる原因となる。一方、鋼成分組成のうちMnが6%以上含有される場合には、硬化能が大幅に増加するため、熱延巻取り後に常温まで冷却しても、フェライトの変態がない。したがって、巻取温度の下限を特に制限する必要はない。但し、50℃未満の場合には、鋼板の温度を下げるために冷却水噴射による冷却が必要となる。これは、不必要な工程コストの上昇を誘発するため、巻取温度を50℃以上に制限することが好ましい。
上記のように巻取られた熱延鋼板を通常の酸洗処理を介して酸化層を除去した後、鋼板の形状及びクライアントが要求する厚さを確保するために、冷間圧延を行うことが好ましい。
上記冷間圧延における圧下率は、特に制限しないが、後続する焼鈍熱処理工程での再結晶の際に粗大なフェライト結晶粒の生成を抑制するために、15%以上の冷間圧下率で行うことが好ましい。また、上記圧下率が15%未満の場合には、目標レベルの強度を確保することが難しくなりうる。
本発明は、強度、伸び率、及び穴拡げ性のすべてに優れた超高強度鋼板を製造するためのものであり、このような鋼板を得るためには、後述する条件に応じて焼鈍熱処理を行うことが重要である。特に、最終微細組織として、残留オーステナイト及び焼鈍マルテンサイト相を複合して確保し、そこから目標とする物性を得るためには、上記焼鈍熱処理を段階的に行うことが好ましい(図1)。
上記冷間圧延を完了して得られた冷延鋼板を750〜870℃の温度範囲で10〜3600秒間維持し、常温〜Msまで冷却した後、Ms〜500℃の温度範囲で再加熱して10〜3600秒間維持した後、再び常温まで冷却する1次焼鈍熱処理を行うことが好ましい。
上記最初維持温度(750〜870℃)は、本発明の成分系においてオーステナイト単相域に該当し、焼鈍における相変態キネティック(kinetic)を考慮して少なくとも10秒以上熱処理することが好ましい。焼鈍時間が増加するほど、平衡相に近くなって均一な組織を得ることができるが、工程コストが増加するという欠点があるため、その時間を3600秒以下に制限することが好ましい。
上記焼鈍後に、冷却時の温度がMs以下に下がるほど、マルテンサイトの変態量は増加し、常温でも未変態したオーステナイトが存在することができる。したがって、Ms以下への冷却過程を経れば鋼板の組織をマルテンサイト及びオーステナイトで構成することができる。
Ms=539−423[C]−30.4[Mn]−7.5[Si]+30[Al](各元素は、重量含有量を意味する。)
上記1次焼鈍熱処理及び冷却された冷延鋼板を2相域の温度範囲で焼鈍熱処理することが好ましく、より好ましくは550〜750℃の温度範囲で10〜3600秒間2次焼鈍熱処理を行うことが好ましい。
上記めっき処理における条件は、特に限定しないが、一般的に行われる条件で行うことができる。
下記表1の成分組成を有する鋼を30Kgのインゴット(ingot)に真空溶解した後、これを1200℃の温度で1時間維持した。次に、900℃で仕上げ熱間圧延を行って熱延鋼板を製造した後、上記熱延鋼板を600℃に予め加熱された炉に装入して1時間維持し、炉冷することにより熱延巻取りを模写した。
これは、1次焼鈍熱処理の際に、焼鈍−冷却後に特定の温度範囲で再加熱処理を行うことにより、2次焼鈍熱処理後、最終的に残留するオーステナイト分率が高くなることに起因するものである。
Claims (14)
- 重量%で、炭素(C):0.1〜0.3%、マンガン(Mn):6〜10%、リン(P):0.05%以下、硫黄(S):0.02%以下、窒素(N):0.02%以下、アルミニウム(Al):0.5%以下(0%を除く)と、
チタン(Ti):0.1%以下、ニオブ(Nb):0.1%以下、バナジウム(V):0.2%以下、及びモリブデン(Mo):1%以下で構成される群から選択された1種以上と、残部Fe及びその他の不可避不純物とを含み、
微細組織が、体積分率20%以上の残留オーステナイト及び60%以上の焼鈍マルテンサイトで構成され、
30nm以下のサイズを有する析出物を1013個/m2以上含む、冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板。 - 前記鋼板は、シリコン(Si)を1.0重量%以下さらに含む、請求項1に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板。
- 前記鋼板は、イプシロンマルテンサイト及びアルファマルテンサイト相を体積分率20%以下(0%を含む)含む、請求項1に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板。
- 前記析出物は、Ti、Nb、V、及びMoのうち1種以上の炭化物、窒化物、及び複合炭窒化物のうち1種以上である、請求項1に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板。
- 前記鋼板は、ニッケル(Ni):1重量%以下、銅(Cu):0.5重量%以下、及びクロム(Cr):1重量%以下からなる群から選択された1種以上をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板。
- 前記鋼板は、1000MPa以上の降伏強度、1250MPa以上の引張強度を有し、引張強度と伸び率の積が22000MPa%以上であり、穴拡げ性(HER)が10%以上である、請求項1に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板。
- 前記鋼板は、冷延鋼板、溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板、及び合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板のいずれかである、請求項1に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板。
- 重量%で、炭素(C):0.1〜0.3%、マンガン(Mn):6〜10%、リン(P):0.05%以下、硫黄(S):0.02%以下、窒素(N):0.02%以下、アルミニウム(Al):0.5%以下(0%を除く)と、
チタン(Ti):0.1%以下、ニオブ(Nb):0.1%以下、バナジウム(V):0.2%以下、及びモリブデン(Mo):1%以下で構成される群から選択された1種以上と、残部Fe及びその他の不可避不純物とを含む鋼スラブを1050〜1300℃の温度範囲で再加熱する段階と、
前記再加熱された鋼スラブを800〜1000℃の温度範囲で仕上げ熱間圧延して熱延鋼板を製造する段階と、
前記熱延鋼板を50〜750℃の温度範囲で巻取る段階と、
前記巻取後に酸洗及び冷間圧延して冷延鋼板を製造する段階と、
前記冷延鋼板を750〜870℃の温度範囲で10〜3600秒間維持し、常温〜Msまで冷却した後、Ms〜500℃の温度範囲で再加熱して10〜3600秒間維持し、常温まで冷却する1次焼鈍熱処理段階と、
前記1次焼鈍熱処理後、550〜750℃の温度範囲で10〜3600秒間維持した後、冷却する2次焼鈍熱処理段階と、を含む、冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記酸洗前に、巻取られた熱延鋼板を500〜700℃の温度範囲で熱処理する段階をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記冷間圧延は15%以上の圧下率で行う、請求項8に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記2次熱処理後に、鋼板を亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬して溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を製造する段階をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を合金化熱処理して合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を製造する段階をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記鋼スラブは、シリコン(Si)を1.0重量%以下さらに含む、請求項8に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記鋼スラブは、ニッケル(Ni):1重量%以下、銅(Cu):0.5重量%以下、及びクロム(Cr):1重量%以下からなる群から選択された1種以上をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の冷間成形性に優れた超高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。
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WO2013061545A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 加工性に優れた高強度鋼板の製造方法 |
CN102912219A (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-06 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种高强塑积trip钢板及其制备方法 |
KR101677396B1 (ko) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-18 | 주식회사 포스코 | 성형성 및 구멍확장성이 우수한 초고강도 강판 및 이의 제조방법 |
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WO2019093650A1 (ko) | 2019-05-16 |
US11655517B2 (en) | 2023-05-23 |
US20210180150A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
JP7022825B2 (ja) | 2022-02-18 |
CN111315909A (zh) | 2020-06-19 |
EP3708691A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
KR101977491B1 (ko) | 2019-05-10 |
CN111315909B (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
EP3708691A4 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
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