JP2020513295A - ペロブスカイト触媒およびその使用 - Google Patents
ペロブスカイト触媒およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020513295A JP2020513295A JP2019516110A JP2019516110A JP2020513295A JP 2020513295 A JP2020513295 A JP 2020513295A JP 2019516110 A JP2019516110 A JP 2019516110A JP 2019516110 A JP2019516110 A JP 2019516110A JP 2020513295 A JP2020513295 A JP 2020513295A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- perovskite
- reactor
- oxygen
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000002468 redox effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 101000573147 Arabidopsis thaliana Pectinesterase 6 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229910002141 La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009844 basic oxygen steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 101001094837 Arabidopsis thaliana Pectinesterase 5 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidazol-1-yl]-3-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]thiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=1C(C)OC(=C(S1)C(N)=O)C=C1N(C1=C2)C=NC1=CC=C2CN1CCN(C)CC1 ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001094880 Arabidopsis thaliana Pectinesterase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004250 CaCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910019828 La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017771 LaFeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101710113246 Pectinesterase 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012494 Quartz wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005574 cross-species transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000177 wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009681 x-ray fluorescence measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8643—Removing mixtures of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8946—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
ペロブスカイト材料はABO3−δの一般的化学組成を有する。ここで、AおよびBは複数の原子価状態を有し得るカチオンであり、八面体環境および十二面体環境において安定である1。ペロブスカイト構造は、ゴールドシュミットの許容因子(t)が0.7<t<1の範囲内にあるときに得られ、一方、tは式
2CeO2+CO→Ce2O3+CO2(わずかに燃料リッチ、λ<1)(2)
Ce2O3+1/2O2→2CeO2(わずかに燃料リーン,λ>1)(3)
(a)Ca、CoおよびZrの塩の溶解して均一な溶液を形成すること;
(b)前記溶液を乾燥すること;および
(c)焼成および焼結によりペロブスカイト触媒を形成することを含む、製造方法が提供される。
(a)酸素を放出して、酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を生成するために、式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイト触媒を加熱すること;および
(b)水素を放出して、ペロブスカイト触媒を再生するために、前記酸素欠乏ぺロブスカイト触媒の粒子を水と接触させることを含む、方法が提供される。
(a)酸素を放出し、酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を生成するために、式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイト触媒を加熱すること;および
(b)酸素を除去し、一酸化炭素を放出し、および前記ペロブスカイト触媒を再生するために、前記酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を二酸化炭素と接触させることを含む、方法が提供される。
(a)酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を生成し、且つ酸素を放出するために、式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイト触媒を加熱するための酸素発生反応器;
(b)前記酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を水蒸気と反応させ、且つ、前記ペロブスカイト触媒を再生し、水素を生成するための水素発生反応器;および
(c)再生されたペロブスカイト触媒を、前記酸素発生反応器に戻すように構成された装置を備える、システムが提供される。
5.1.定義
以下の用語は当業者によってよく理解されていると考えられるが、以下の定義は本明細書に開示された主題の説明を容易にするために記載されている。
a 再現性のある結果と10%未満の許容限度を伴って、XRFによって測定された材料の実際の組成;
b 標的組成に基づいて計算されたペロブスカイト材料試料の理論上の許容因子(0.75〜1の範囲で);
c 液体N2温度(77K)、0.05〜0.30の範囲内の相対圧力(P/P0)で測定された多点比BET表面積
d MEL Chemicalから入手され、材料組成の情報が提供されている、市販のCZO試料。;
e Alfa Aesarから入手され、材料組成の情報が提供されている、市販のCeO2試料。
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Claims (59)
- 白金族金属と、
式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイトとを含む、触媒。 - 前記白金族金属がPd、Pt、Rh、Ruまたはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記白金族金属が、PdとRhとの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- Al2O3担体、チタニア担体、ジルコニア担体、セリア担体、シリカ担体、アルミナ−シリカ担体、ゼオライト担体、またはカーボン担体の上にある、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- モノリスハニカムブロックの形態に形成される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- セラミックモノリスハニカムブロックの上に被覆される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- 前記セラミックモノリスハニカムブロックがコーディエライト化合物である、請求項6に記載の触媒。
- 三元触媒である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- 内燃機関からのNOxの還元、または内燃機関からの一酸化炭素もしくは炭化水素の酸化を触媒するために使用される、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- 前記内燃機関が自動車エンジンである、請求項9に記載の触媒。
- 前記内燃機関が理論空燃比条件下で運転される、請求項9に記載の触媒。
- 前記内燃機関が、ディーゼル燃料、エタノール/ガソリンハイブリッド燃料、ガソリンまたは天然ガスを燃料とする、請求項9に記載の触媒。
- 前記エタノール/ガソリンハイブリッド燃料が、85%エタノール/15%ガソリン(E85)である、請求項12に記載の触媒。
- 内燃機関からの排出物を低減するための方法であって、
前記内燃機関からの排気流を触媒と接触させることを含み、
前記触媒は、白金族金属と、式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイトとを含有する、方法。 - 前記白金族金属が、Pd、Pt、Rh、Ruまたはそれらの混合物である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒がAl2O3担体の上にある、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 前記内燃機関が、理論空燃比条件下で運転される、請求項14〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記内燃機関が、ディーゼル燃料、エタノール/ガソリンハイブリッド燃料、ガソリンまたは天然ガスを燃料とする、請求項14〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 内燃機関からの排出物を低減するための排気システムであって、
白金族金属と、式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイトとを含有する触媒と;
固体担体とを備える、排気システム。 - 式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有する、ペロブスカイト触媒。
- 前記xが、0.2≦x≦0.8によって定義される数である、請求項20に記載の触媒。
- 約1.0nm超約10mm未満の直径を有する粒子の形態である、請求項20または21に記載の触媒。
- 前記粒子が、約1.0μm超約50μm未満の直径を有する、請求項22に記載の触媒。
- 式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイト触媒の製造方法であって、
(a)Ca、CoおよびZrの塩を溶解して均一な溶液を形成すること;
(b)前記溶液を乾燥すること;および
(c)焼成および焼結によりペロブスカイト触媒を形成することを含む、製造方法。 - 前記焼成が約300℃〜約500℃で行われ、且つ、前記焼結が約800℃〜約1400℃で行われる、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 熱化学的水分解により水素を製造する方法であって、
(a)酸素を放出して、酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を生成するために、式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイト触媒を加熱すること;および
(b)水素を放出して、前記ペロブスカイト触媒を再生するために、前記酸素欠乏ぺロブスカイト触媒の粒子を水と接触させることを含む、方法。 - 前記水素が流動床反応器内で生成される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記流動床反応器が循環流動床反応器、バブリング流動床反応器、輸送反応器または化学ループ反応器である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記水素が固定床反応器内で生成される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記ペロブスカイト触媒が、約400℃〜約1000℃の温度に加熱される、請求項26〜29のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素を、一酸化炭素および水に還元するために、次の反応器で生成される水素を使用することを更に含む、請求項26〜30のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素または一酸化炭素を、炭化水素および水に還元するために、次の反応器で生成される水素を使用することを更に含む、請求項21〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素または一酸化炭素を、アルカンもしくはアルケンと水に還元するために、次の反応器で生成される水素を使用することを更に含む、請求項21〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 一酸化炭素およびアルケンの混合物から、アルデヒドを生成するために、次の反応器で生成される水素を使用することを更に含む、請求項21〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 原油、重質石油またはバイオマスオイルフィードストックの品質を向上させるために、次の反応器で生成される水素を、水素化処理または水素化プロセシングのために使用することを更に含む、請求項21〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記二酸化炭素が、化学ループ燃焼燃料反応器内で生成される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素を一酸化炭素に還元する方法であって、
(a)酸素を放出し、酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を生成するために、式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイト触媒を加熱すること;および
(b)酸素を除去し、一酸化炭素を放出し、および前記ペロブスカイト触媒を再生するために、前記酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を二酸化炭素と接触させることを含む、方法。 - 水素を製造するために、水を熱触媒的に分解するためのシステムであって、
(a)酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を生成し、且つ酸素を放出するために、式CaCo1−xZrxO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイト触媒を加熱するための酸素発生反応器;
(b)前記酸素欠乏ペロブスカイト触媒を水蒸気と反応させ、且つ、前記ペロブスカイト触媒を再生し、水素を生成するための水素発生反応器;および
(c)再生された前記ペロブスカイト触媒を、前記酸素発生反応器に戻すように構成された装置を備える、システム。 - 前記酸素発生反応器が流動床反応器である、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記水素発生反応器が流動床反応器である、請求項38または39に記載のシステム。
- 前記水素発生反応流動床がライザ反応器である、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記酸素発生反応器または前記水素発生反応器のいずれかが、固定床反応器である、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 前記水素が、燃焼プロセスからの排気ガス中の二酸化炭素を還元するために使用される、請求項38〜42のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記水素が、熱エネルギー貯蔵のために使用される、請求項38〜42のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- エネルギー損失を最小限に抑えながら、水分解反応のためのエネルギーを提供する、化学製造システムおよび化学製造設備に統合されている、請求項38〜44のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 白金族金属と、式(La1−yCay)1−xMnxO3−δ、La1−x(Co1−yRuy)xO3−δ、(La1−ySry)1−xCoxO3−δ、Sr1−x(Co1−yFey)xO3−δ、(Sr1−yCay)1−xFexO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、yは、0.02≦y≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイトとを含む、触媒。
- 前記yが、0.15≦y≦0.85によって定義される数である、請求項46に記載の触媒。
- 前記xが、0.3≦x≦0.7によって定義される数である、請求項46または47に記載の触媒。
- 前記白金族金属が、Pd、Pt、Rh、Ru、またはそれらの混合物である、請求項46〜48のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- 前記白金族金属が、PdとRhとの混合物である、請求項49に記載の触媒。
- Al2O3担体、チタニア担体、ジルコニア担体、セリア担体、シリカ担体、アルミナ−シリカ担体、ゼオライト担体、またはカーボン担体の上にある、請求項46〜50のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- モノリスハニカムブロックの形態に形成される、請求項46〜50のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- セラミックモノリスハニカムブロックの上に被覆される、請求項46〜50のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- 前記セラミックモノリスハニカムブロックがコーディエライト化合物である、請求項53に記載の触媒。
- 三元触媒である、請求項46〜54のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- 内燃機関からのNOxの還元、または内燃機関からの一酸化炭素もしくは炭化水素の酸化を触媒するために使用される、請求項46〜55のいずれかに記載の触媒。
- 前記内燃機関が自動車エンジンである、請求項56に記載の触媒。
- 内燃機関からの排出物を低減するための方法であって、
前記内燃機関からの排気流を触媒と接触させることを含み、
前記触媒は、白金族金属と、式(La1−yCay)1−xMnxO3−δ、La1−x(Co1−yRuy)xO3−δ、(La1−ySry)1−xCoxO3−δ、Sr1−x(Co1−yFey)xO3−δ、(Sr1−yCay)1−xFexO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、yは、0.02≦y≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイトとを含有する、方法。 - 内燃機関からの排出物を低減するための排気システムであって、
白金族金属と、式(La1−yCay)1−xMnxO3−δ、La1−x(Co1−yRuy)xO3−δ、(La1−ySry)1−xCoxO3−δ、Sr1−x(Co1−yFey)xO3−δ、(Sr1−yCay)1−xFexO3−δ(前記式中、xは、0.02≦x≦0.98によって定義される数であり、yは、0.02≦y≦0.98によって定義される数であり、δは、0.0≦δ≦1.0によって定義される数である)を有するペロブスカイトとを含有する触媒と;
固体担体とを備える、排気システム。
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EP3538261B1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
US11559793B2 (en) | 2023-01-24 |
CA3037956A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
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