JP2020068704A - Agricultural light reflection sheet - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は農業用光反射シートに関する。 The present invention relates to a light reflection sheet for agriculture.
長繊維不織布は、機械的特性、寸法安定性、透光性を兼ね備えた素材であり、各種農業用途に広く用いられている。典型的な農業用途としては、ハウス内カーテンが挙げられ、またトンネル栽培用資材や露地栽培のべたがけ用資材などが挙げられる。 The long-fiber non-woven fabric is a material having mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and translucency, and is widely used for various agricultural applications. A typical agricultural application is a curtain in a house, and also a material for tunnel cultivation and a material for flat covering in open field cultivation.
近年では、効率的に農産物が収穫できることを謳う機能性農業資材が注目されている。例えば、ポリオレフィン等の熱可塑性樹脂に蛍光色素を添加し、ネット状やフィルム状に加工された農業向け被覆資材は、放出光の波長が特定の波長域である場合に作物の生育を促進させる効果が知られている（特許文献１）。しかし、ハウスの上部に被覆するなど透過型資材として使用されているため、植物体に照射される光量は却って減ってしまい、十分な効果が発揮されていない。 In recent years, functional agricultural materials that claim to be able to efficiently harvest agricultural products have been receiving attention. For example, by adding a fluorescent dye to a thermoplastic resin such as polyolefin, the coating material for agriculture processed into a net shape or a film shape has the effect of promoting the growth of crops when the wavelength of emitted light is in a specific wavelength range. Is known (Patent Document 1). However, since it is used as a transmissive material such as coating on the upper part of the house, the amount of light applied to the plant is rather reduced, and the sufficient effect is not exhibited.
また、アルミを蒸着させたネット状の資材や、白色度の高い不織布などを光反射材として用いることもある。しかし、生育促進が十分ではなく、その使用は限定的である。 In addition, a net-shaped material obtained by vapor deposition of aluminum or a non-woven fabric having high whiteness may be used as the light reflecting material. However, its growth is not sufficiently promoted and its use is limited.
そこで本発明は、農作物の生育に特に適した農業用光反射シートを得ることを目的とする。 Then, this invention aims at obtaining the light reflection sheet for agriculture especially suitable for growth of agricultural products.
この目的を達成するため本発明は、下記の農業用光反射シートおよびその使用方法を提供するものである。 To achieve this object, the present invention provides the following light reflecting sheet for agriculture and a method for using the same.
（１）不織布製の農業用光反射シートであって、前記不織布における少なくとも一部の構成繊維が、蛍光色素を含有することを特徴とする農業用光反射シート。 (1) A non-woven agricultural light-reflecting sheet, wherein at least a part of the constituent fibers of the non-woven cloth contains a fluorescent dye.
（２）蛍光色素を含有する構成繊維が、エッジグロー効果を発現する断面形状とされていることを特徴とする（１）の農業用光反射シート (2) The light-reflecting sheet for agriculture according to (1), wherein the constituent fiber containing the fluorescent dye has a cross-sectional shape that exhibits an edge glow effect.
（３）蛍光色素を含有する構成繊維は、複数のＹ字部がそのＹ字の下端で互いに連結した断面形状を有することを特徴とする（１）または（２）の農業用光反射シート。 (3) The agricultural light-reflecting sheet according to (1) or (2), wherein the constituent fiber containing the fluorescent dye has a cross-sectional shape in which a plurality of Y-shaped portions are connected to each other at the lower ends of the Y-shaped portions.
（４）蛍光色素は、波長５００〜５５０ｎｍの範囲に吸収ピークを有するとともに波長５９０〜６４０ｎｍの範囲に放出ピークを有することを特徴とする（１）から（３）までのいずれかの農業用光反射シート。 (4) The fluorescent dye has an absorption peak in the wavelength range of 500 to 550 nm and an emission peak in the wavelength range of 590 to 640 nm, and is a light for agriculture according to any one of (1) to (3). Reflective sheet.
（５）光線を反射させるための光反射用資材が積層されていることを特徴とする（１）から（４）までのいずれかの農業用光反射シート。 (5) A light reflection sheet for agriculture according to any one of (1) to (4), characterized in that a light reflection material for reflecting light rays is laminated.
（６）上記（１）から（５）までのいずれかの農業用光反射シートを、農作物を生育させるための地表面に敷設することを特徴とする農業用光反射シートの使用方法。 (6) A method of using a light reflecting sheet for agriculture, which comprises laying the light reflecting sheet for agriculture according to any one of (1) to (5) above on the ground surface for growing agricultural products.
（７）上記（１）から（４）までのいずれかの農業用光反射シートを、農作物を生育させるための地表面に敷設するとともに、地表面と農業用反射シートとの間に光反射用資材を設置することを特徴とする農業用光反射シートの使用方法。 (7) The light reflecting sheet for agriculture according to any one of (1) to (4) above is laid on the ground surface for growing agricultural products, and the light reflecting sheet is provided between the ground surface and the reflecting sheet for agriculture. A method of using a light reflection sheet for agriculture, which is characterized by installing materials.
本発明によれば、不織布における少なくとも一部の構成繊維が、蛍光色素を含有するため、蛍光色素によって、農作物の生育に寄与しにくい波長の光を農作物の生育に適した波長の光に変換することができ、このため農作物の生育に適した波長の光の量を増大することができる。 According to the present invention, since at least a part of the constituent fibers in the non-woven fabric contains a fluorescent dye, the fluorescent dye converts light having a wavelength that hardly contributes to the growth of agricultural products into light having a wavelength suitable for growing the agricultural products. Therefore, it is possible to increase the amount of light having a wavelength suitable for growing crops.
また本発明によれば、蛍光色素を含有する構成繊維がエッジグロー効果を発現する断面形状とされていることが好適であり、その場合にはエッジグロー効果により光が増強されて反射光が出てくることになり、このため、農作物の生育に適した波長の光の量をより増大することができる。 Further, according to the present invention, it is preferable that the constituent fibers containing the fluorescent dye have a cross-sectional shape that exhibits the edge glow effect, in which case the edge glow effect enhances the light and the reflected light is emitted. Therefore, the amount of light having a wavelength suitable for the growth of agricultural products can be further increased.
本発明の農業用光反射シートは不織布製であり、その不織布は、短繊維不織布、長繊維不織布を含む。不織布の製造方法の例として、スパンボンド法、スパンレース法、サーマルボンド法、エアスルー法、ウェットレイド法、エアレイド法、メルトブローン法、ニードルパンチ法などが挙げられる。 The light reflection sheet for agriculture of the present invention is made of non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric includes short fiber non-woven fabric and long fiber non-woven fabric. Examples of the method for producing a nonwoven fabric include a spunbond method, a spunlace method, a thermal bond method, an air through method, a wet laid method, an airlaid method, a meltblown method, a needle punch method, and the like.
不織布を構成する繊維は、熱可塑性樹脂によって形成される。そのような熱可塑性樹脂としては、任意のものを用いることができる。中でも、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリオレフィンを好適に用いることができる。これらの樹脂には、本発明の技術的効果を阻害しない範囲で、艶消し剤、防炎剤、消臭剤、帯電防止剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、抗菌剤などの任意の添加物が添加されていてもよい。 The fibers forming the non-woven fabric are formed of a thermoplastic resin. As such a thermoplastic resin, any one can be used. Among them, polyester, polyamide and polyolefin can be preferably used. These resins include any additive such as a matting agent, a flameproofing agent, a deodorant, an antistatic agent, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber and an antibacterial agent as long as the technical effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be added.
単糸構成は、単一成分であっても、芯鞘型やサイドバイサイド型（貼り合わせ型）などの複合紡糸されたものであってもよい。また、不織布は混繊不織布であってもよい。 The single yarn structure may be a single component or may be a composite spun yarn such as a core-sheath type or a side-by-side type (bonding type). Further, the nonwoven fabric may be a mixed fiber nonwoven fabric.
不織布を構成する少なくとも一部の繊維は、蛍光色素を含有する。このため、この蛍光色素によって、農作物の生育に寄与しにくい光の波長を農作物の生育に適した波長の光に変換することができ、このため農作物の生育に適した波長の光の量を増大することができる。たとえば、農作物の生育初期においては赤色光の量が多いと成長速度を速めることができる。このために、例えば波長５００〜５５０ｎｍの範囲に吸収ピークを有するとともに波長５９０〜６４０ｎｍの範囲に放出ピークを有する蛍光色素を用いることができる。このような蛍光色素を含有すると、吸収した緑色光を赤色光に変換して放出することができるため、農作物の生育に適した波長の光の量を増大することができる。蛍光色素は、無機系化合物、有機系化合物のいずれも使用することができる。このような蛍光色素の例として、LANXESS社の商品名「MACROLEX」や、CLARIANT社の商品名「HOSTASOL」などが挙げられる。 At least some of the fibers constituting the non-woven fabric contain a fluorescent dye. Therefore, with this fluorescent dye, it is possible to convert the wavelength of light that does not contribute to the growth of crops into the wavelength of light that is suitable for the growth of crops, thus increasing the amount of light of the wavelength that is suitable for growth of crops. can do. For example, when the amount of red light is large at the early stage of growing a crop, the growth rate can be increased. Therefore, for example, a fluorescent dye having an absorption peak in the wavelength range of 500 to 550 nm and an emission peak in the wavelength range of 590 to 640 nm can be used. When such a fluorescent dye is contained, the absorbed green light can be converted into red light and emitted, so that the amount of light having a wavelength suitable for the growth of crops can be increased. As the fluorescent dye, either an inorganic compound or an organic compound can be used. Examples of such a fluorescent dye include LANXESS's trade name “MACROLEX” and CLARIANT's trade name “HOSTASOL”.
また、花弁栽培の特定の種においては、緑色光の量を増大することで、生育状況を調整することができる。 Further, in a particular petal-cultivated species, the growth situation can be adjusted by increasing the amount of green light.
蛍光色素は、不織布の構成繊維のための原料に対して混錬などで混ぜられて添加されてもよいし、構成繊維の糸表面にコーティングされていてもよい。不織布の構成繊維が複合繊維である場合には、色素は、複合構造をなす一方の成分に含まれていてもよいし、両方の成分に含まれていてもよい。混繊不織布である場合には、色素は、少なくともいずれかの繊維に含まれていればよい。 The fluorescent dye may be added to the raw material for the constituent fibers of the non-woven fabric by being mixed by kneading or the like, or may be coated on the yarn surface of the constituent fibers. When the constituent fibers of the non-woven fabric are conjugate fibers, the pigment may be contained in one of the components forming the composite structure, or may be contained in both components. In the case of a mixed fiber non-woven fabric, the pigment may be contained in at least one of the fibers.
蛍光色素を含有した構成繊維は、エッジグロー効果を発現する断面形状であることが好ましい。エッジグロー効果とは、光が構成繊維内を反射光として伝播して、構成繊維に形成されたエッジ部から濃密化された状態で放出されることをいう。エッジグロー効果を発現する横断面形状は、一般的にはエッジ形状であるとその効果を良好に奏することができ、その例として、複数のＹ字部がそのＹ字の下端で互いに連結した断面形状を挙げることができる。なかでもＹ字部の数が４であり、これらのＹ字部が繊維の周方向に沿って９０度おきに形成され、隣り合うＹ字の「／」辺同士および「＼」辺同士が平行である断面が好適である。このような断面構造を有する繊維は、たとえば特許第５８５４４５８号公報に記載されている。エッジグロー効果を良好に発現することが可能な、それ以外の断面形状として、三角形、星形などを挙げることもできる。また、例えば、２種の成分が放射状に交互に配列してなる分割型複合断面の繊維を、割繊することにより発現した割繊繊維を構成繊維として用いると、割繊の断面形状は楔形でありエッジ形状を有するため、エッジグロー効果を良好に発現する。 The constituent fiber containing the fluorescent dye preferably has a cross-sectional shape that exhibits the edge glow effect. The edge glow effect means that light propagates in the constituent fibers as reflected light and is emitted from the edge portion formed in the constituent fibers in a dense state. The cross-sectional shape exhibiting the edge glow effect is generally an edge shape, and the effect can be effectively exhibited. For example, a cross section in which a plurality of Y-shaped portions are connected to each other at the lower end of the Y-shaped portion. The shape can be mentioned. Among them, the number of Y-shaped parts is 4, these Y-shaped parts are formed every 90 degrees along the circumferential direction of the fiber, and the “/” sides and “\” sides of adjacent Y-shaped parts are parallel to each other. A cross section that is is preferred. A fiber having such a cross-sectional structure is described in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 5854458. Other cross-sectional shapes that can exhibit the edge glow effect satisfactorily include triangles and stars. In addition, for example, when a fiber having a split type composite cross section in which two kinds of components are alternately arranged in a radial pattern is used as a constituent fiber, the split fiber has a wedge-shaped cross section. Since it has an edge shape, it exhibits an edge glow effect satisfactorily.
図１は、さまざまな形態の不織布構成繊維についての光反射率の測定結果を示す。横軸は反射光の波長を表し、縦軸は反射率に関する数値を表す。図中、二点鎖線は楕円断面（エッジ形状を有しない横断面形状）のポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維の特性、一点鎖線は上述の特許第５８５４４５８号公報に記載された４つのＹ字断面を合わせた特殊断面（エッジ形状を有する横断面形状）ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維の特性、破線は繊維の原料にLANXESS社の赤色蛍光色素(MACROLEX RED G)を質量比で０．５％となるよう溶融混錬した楕円断面（エッジ形状を有しない横断面形状）のポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維の特性、実線は繊維の原料に上記の赤色蛍光顔料を質量比で０．５％となるよう溶融混錬した上記の特殊断面（エッジ形状を有する横断面形状）のポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維の特性を、それぞれ表す。 FIG. 1 shows the results of measuring the light reflectance of various constituent fibers of a non-woven fabric. The horizontal axis represents the wavelength of the reflected light, and the vertical axis represents the numerical value regarding the reflectance. In the figure, the alternate long and two short dashes line represents the characteristics of the polyethylene terephthalate fiber having an elliptical cross section (the cross sectional shape having no edge shape), and the alternate long and short dash line represents the special cross section in which the four Y-shaped cross sections described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent No. (Cross-sectional shape with edge shape) Characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate fiber, the broken line is an elliptical cross section obtained by melting and kneading LANXESS red fluorescent dye (MACROLEX RED G) as a raw material of the fiber to a mass ratio of 0.5% ( The characteristics of the polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a cross-sectional shape having no edge shape, the solid line indicates the above special cross-section (edge shape is determined by melting and kneading the above-mentioned red fluorescent pigment in the raw material of the fiber in a mass ratio of 0.5%. The characteristics of the polyethylene terephthalate fiber having the cross-sectional shape) are shown.
測定に際しては、人口太陽光源を上部に設置し、対向面に標準資材として無着色発泡スチロールを設置し、これに光源からの光を当てて、横方向すなわち詳しくは水平方向から１３度の方向に反射光を受光した。 At the time of measurement, the artificial sun light source is installed on the upper part, and the uncolored Styrofoam is installed on the opposite surface as a standard material, and the light from the light source is applied to this, and it is reflected in the lateral direction, specifically, the direction of 13 degrees from the horizontal direction. Received light.
その結果、図１に示すように、赤色蛍光色素を含有させることによって、緑色光である波長５００〜５５０ｎｍの範囲の反射率が、同色素を含有させない場合に比べて大幅に低下し、これに対して赤色光である波長５９０〜６４０ｎｍの範囲の反射率が、同色素を含有させない場合に比べて大幅に向上した。また赤色蛍光色素を含有させた場合（破線と実線）においては、エッジ形状を有する横断面形状の繊維（実線）の方が、エッジ形状を有しない横断面形状の繊維（破線）に比べて、赤色光である波長５９０〜６４０ｎｍの範囲の反射率が約１５％向上した。 As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, by including the red fluorescent dye, the reflectance in the wavelength range of green light of 500 to 550 nm is significantly reduced as compared with the case where the dye is not included. On the other hand, the reflectance in the wavelength range of 590 to 640 nm, which is red light, was significantly improved as compared with the case where the dye was not contained. When the red fluorescent dye is contained (broken line and solid line), the cross-sectional shape fiber having an edge shape (solid line) is more than the cross-sectional shape fiber having no edge shape (broken line), The reflectance of red light in the wavelength range of 590 to 640 nm was improved by about 15%.
作物への光照射を十分なものとさせるために、本発明の農業用光反射シートを構成する単糸は、異形断面を有することが好ましい。詳細には、その異形度、すなわち単糸の断面において、その外接円の半径を内接円の半径で除した値で示される異形度は、１．２以上であることが好ましい。 In order to sufficiently irradiate the crop with light, it is preferable that the single yarn constituting the agricultural light reflecting sheet of the present invention has a modified cross section. Specifically, the degree of irregularity, that is, the degree of irregularity indicated by the value obtained by dividing the radius of the circumscribed circle by the radius of the inscribed circle in the cross section of the single yarn, is preferably 1.2 or more.
本発明の農業用光反射シートは、作物を生育させるための地表面に敷設して用いることができる。そうすることで、太陽光などが農業用光反射シートにて反射し、そのときに蛍光色素によって、農作物の生育に寄与しにくい波長の光を農作物の生育に適した波長の光に変換することができ、これによって、農作物の生育に適した波長の光の量を増大することができる。また蛍光色素を含有した構成繊維はエッジグロー効果を発現する断面形状、すなわち一般的にはエッジ形状とされていることが好ましく、その場合には、光が増強された状態で反射光が出てくることになる。このため、農作物の生育に適した波長の光の量をより増大することができる。 The light reflecting sheet for agriculture of the present invention can be laid and used on the ground surface for growing crops. By doing so, sunlight or the like will be reflected by the light reflection sheet for agriculture, and at that time, the fluorescent dye will convert light of a wavelength that is difficult to contribute to the growth of agricultural products into light of a wavelength suitable for the growth of agricultural products. This makes it possible to increase the amount of light having a wavelength suitable for growing crops. Further, the constituent fiber containing the fluorescent dye preferably has a cross-sectional shape that exhibits an edge glow effect, that is, generally an edge shape. In that case, reflected light is emitted in a state where light is enhanced. Will come. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the amount of light having a wavelength suitable for growing agricultural products.
本発明の農業用光反射シートは、白色シートなどの光反射用資材が積層一体化された構成とすることもできる。このような構成であると、光反射用資材が地表側かつ農業用光反射シートが農作物側となるように積層物を敷設することで、農業用光反射シートで反射せずに透過してしまった光を反射させて有効利用に供することができる。光反射用資材としては、白色の樹脂シートや白色の不織布を好ましく用いることができ、白色のフラッシュスパン不織布を用いることがより好ましい。 The light-reflecting sheet for agriculture of the present invention may have a structure in which light-reflecting materials such as a white sheet are laminated and integrated. With such a configuration, by laying the laminate so that the light-reflecting material is on the surface side and the agricultural light-reflecting sheet is on the agricultural product side, the agricultural light-reflecting sheet transmits without reflection. The reflected light can be reflected and used effectively. As the light reflecting material, a white resin sheet or a white non-woven fabric can be preferably used, and it is more preferable to use a white flash spun non-woven fabric.
また本発明によれば、農業用光反射シートを、作物を生育させるための地表面に敷設するとともに、地表面と農業用反射シートとの間に、別部材である光反射用資材を設置した構成とすることもできる。この場合も、同様に、農業用光反射シートで反射せずに透過してしまった光を反射させて有効利用に供することができる。 Further, according to the present invention, the agricultural light-reflecting sheet is laid on the ground surface for growing a crop, and the light-reflecting material which is a separate member is provided between the ground surface and the agricultural reflecting sheet. It can also be configured. Also in this case, similarly, the light that has passed through the agricultural light reflection sheet without being reflected can be reflected and used effectively.
さらに、本発明の農業用光反射シートは、地表面に敷設することにより農作物の下から反射光を与える以外に、農作物の側方周囲に農業用光反射シートを敷設して、周囲からの反射光を農作物に与えることもできる。周囲に設置する際に、前記した光反射用資材を農業用光反射シートに積層して（農業用光反射シートにおいて、農作物側と反対側の位置に光反射用資材を積層）、用いることが好ましい。なお、農作物の周囲に敷設する際には、太陽光等の栽培に用いる光を効果的に利用するために、農作物の上部には敷設しないことが好ましい。 Furthermore, the agricultural light-reflecting sheet of the present invention, in addition to giving reflected light from below the agricultural product by laying it on the ground surface, laying the agricultural light-reflecting sheet around the sides of the agricultural product and reflecting it from the surroundings. Light can also be applied to crops. When installed in the surroundings, it is possible to stack the above-mentioned light-reflecting material on an agricultural light-reflecting sheet (in the agricultural light-reflecting sheet, stack the light-reflecting material on the side opposite to the crop side) and use it. preferable. In addition, when laying around agricultural products, it is preferable not to lay it on top of the agricultural products in order to effectively use light used for cultivation such as sunlight.
作物の栽培環境は、露地栽培、ハウス栽培、太陽光型植物工場、人工光型植物工場のいかんを問わない Crop cultivation environment is open field, greenhouse cultivation, solar type plant factory, artificial light type plant factory
次に、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。なお、本発明は、以下の実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。また、実施例における各特性値は、次のようにして求めたものである。 Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples. In addition, each characteristic value in the examples is obtained as follows.
（１）ＰＰＦＤ（光合成光量子束密度（Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density））：
（１−１）測定１
試料片を水平方向に置き、その上方４０ｃｍの位置から光源で照らし、試料の側方における所定高さの位置に設置した照度計を用いて、水平方向から２９．１度の角度における反射光と、水平方向から５０．７度の角度における反射光とを測定することで、それぞれの角度におけるＰＰＦＤを測定した。加えて、蛍光色素の寄与を調べるため、波長６００ｎｍ、５２０ｎｍの分光放射照度をそれぞれＳＩ６００、ＳＩ５２０として、その比ＳＩ６００／ＳＩ５２０を求めた。
(1) PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density):
(1-1) Measurement 1
Place the sample piece in the horizontal direction, illuminate it with a light source from a position 40 cm above it, and use the illuminometer installed at the position of a predetermined height on the side of the sample to measure the reflected light at an angle of 29.1 degrees from the horizontal direction. , PPFD at each angle was measured by measuring reflected light at an angle of 50.7 degrees from the horizontal direction. In addition, in order to investigate the contribution of the fluorescent dye, the spectral irradiance at wavelengths of 600 nm and 520 nm was set to SI600 and SI520, respectively, and the ratio SI600 / SI520 was obtained.
光源としては、セリック社製の人工太陽照明灯（型式 ＸＣ−５００）を用いた。分光色彩照度計は、ＳＥＣＯＮＩＣ社製のもの（品番 Ｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｍａｓｔｅｒ Ｓ−７０００）を用いた。 As a light source, an artificial solar illumination lamp (type XC-500) manufactured by Celic was used. The spectrocolor illuminometer used was a product manufactured by SECONIC (product number Spectromaster S-7000).
（１−２）測定２
反射材を水平方向に置いた上に試料片を水平方向に置き、その上方４０ｃｍの位置から光源で照らし、真上からの投下光によるＰＰＦＤと、側面からの反射光によるＰＰＦＤと、真下からの反射光によるＰＰＦＤとを測定した。加えて、「測定１」の場合と同様に、比ＳＩ６００／ＳＩ５２０を求めた。比較例３だけは、試料片を置かずに反射材だけとして測定を行った。
(1-2) Measurement 2
A sample piece is placed horizontally on a reflecting material placed horizontally, and is illuminated by a light source from a position 40 cm above it. PPFD by light emitted from directly above, PPFD by light reflected from the side, and from below The PPFD by reflected light was measured. In addition, the ratio SI600 / SI520 was obtained as in the case of “Measurement 1”. In Comparative Example 3 only, the measurement was performed using only the reflecting material without placing the sample piece.
光源としては、岩崎電気社製のメタルハイドランプ（品名 アイクリーンエース２５０Ｗ、型番 Ｍ２５０ＤＬ／ＢＵＤＰ）を用いた。照度計は、「測定１」において使用したものと同じものを用いた。 As the light source, a metal hide lamp manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co. (product name: Eyeclean Ace 250W, model number M250DL / BUDP) was used. The same illuminance meter as that used in "Measurement 1" was used.
（２）栽培環境下温度：
栽培期間中の午前１０時００分と午後１５時００分とに温度を計測し、それらの平均値を栽培環境下温度とした。
(2) Temperature under cultivation environment:
The temperature was measured at 10:00 am and 15:00 pm during the cultivation period, and the average value thereof was used as the temperature under the cultivation environment.
（３）平均生体重：
電子天秤を用い、栽培した小松菜の質量を一株ずつ測定し、それらの平均値を平均生体重とした。
(3) Average fresh weight:
Using an electronic balance, the mass of the cultivated Komatsuna was measured one by one, and the average value thereof was used as the average fresh weight.
実施例１（エッジ形状を有する横断面形状の構成繊維による例）
固有粘度０．７０のポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂ペレットにLANXESS社の蛍光色素(MACROLEX RED G)を質量比で０．５％となるよう溶融混錬し、蛍光色素を高濃度で含有する赤色蛍光色素含有マスターペレットを作製した。次いで、蛍光色素濃度が０．０２質量％となるように前述のマスターペレットと固有粘度０．７０のポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂とをドライブレンドした樹脂を用意し、紡糸温度２８５℃、単孔吐出量５．５ｇ／分で、特許第５８５４４５８号公報に記載されているＹ４型断面形状、すなわち角度９０度おきに配置された四つの「Ｙ」字同士がそのＹ字の下端で互いに連結された断面形状の紡糸口金を用いて、溶融紡糸した。次に紡出糸状を冷却空気流にて冷却した後、引き続いてエアサッカーにて５５００ｍ／分となるようにして引き取り、これを開繊して移動するコンベアの捕集面上に堆積して、ウエブを形成した。次いでこのウエブをエンボスロールを備えた部分熱圧着装置に通し、ロール温度１１０℃、線圧４０ｋｇ／ｃｍの条件にて部分的に熱圧着して、構成繊維の横断面形状がＹ４型断面形状、単糸繊度１０．０デシテックスであり、目付５０ｇ／ｍ２の長繊維不織布を得た。
Example 1 (example of constituent fibers having a cross-sectional shape having an edge shape)
LANXESS fluorescent dye (MACROLEX RED G) is melt-kneaded into polyethylene terephthalate resin pellets with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.70 to a mass ratio of 0.5%, and a red fluorescent dye-containing master containing a high concentration of fluorescent dye. Pellets were made. Next, a resin was prepared by dry blending the above-mentioned master pellet and a polyethylene terephthalate resin having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.70 so that the fluorescent dye concentration would be 0.02% by mass, and the spinning temperature was 285 ° C. and the single hole discharge rate was 5. At a rate of 5 g / min, the Y4 type cross-sectional shape described in Japanese Patent No. 5854458, that is, the cross-sectional shape in which four "Y" characters arranged at 90-degree angles are connected to each other at the lower end of the Y-shape. Melt spinning was performed using a spinneret. Next, after cooling the spun filament with a cooling air flow, the filament is taken up with an air sucker at a rate of 5500 m / min, and the filament is opened and deposited on the collecting surface of the moving conveyor. A web was formed. Then, this web is passed through a partial thermocompression bonding apparatus equipped with an embossing roll and partially thermocompressed under the conditions of a roll temperature of 110 ° C. and a linear pressure of 40 kg / cm, so that the cross-sectional shape of the constituent fibers is a Y4 type cross-sectional shape A single fiber fineness of 10.0 decitex and a long fiber nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained.
比較例１
実施例１と比べて、赤色蛍光色素含有マスターペレットを用いなかったことを相違させた。そして、それ以外は実施例１と同様にして、構成繊維の横断面形状がＹ４型断面形状、単糸繊度１０．０デシテックスであり、目付５０ｇ／ｍ２の長繊維不織布を得た。
Comparative Example 1
The difference from Example 1 is that the red fluorescent dye-containing master pellet was not used. Then, otherwise in the same manner as in Example 1, a cross-sectional shape of the constituent fibers was a Y4 type cross-sectional shape, the single yarn fineness was 10.0 decitex, and a long fiber nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained.
実施例２（エッジ形状を有しない横断面形状の構成繊維による例）
実施例１で用いたのと同じマスターペレットとポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂とをドライブレンドした樹脂を用意し、紡糸温度２８５℃、単孔吐出量５．５ｇ／分で、扁平断面形状の繊維が得られる紡糸口金であって、すなわち詳細には、長軸と短軸との比が１０：１の略長方形の断面形状を有する紡糸口金を用いて、溶融紡糸した。次に紡出糸状を冷却空気流にて冷却した後、引き続いてエアサッカーにて５５００ｍ／分となるようにして引き取り、これを開繊して移動するコンベアの捕集面上に堆積して、ウエブを形成した。次いでこのウエブをエンボスロールを備えた部分熱圧着装置に通し、実施例１と同じ条件により部分的に熱圧着して、構成繊維の横断面形状が扁平断面、単糸繊度１１．０デシテックスであり、目付５０ｇ／ｍ２の長繊維不織布を得た。
Example 2 (example of constituent fibers having a cross-sectional shape without an edge shape)
The same master pellets as used in Example 1 and a polyethylene terephthalate resin were dry blended to prepare a resin, and a fiber having a flat cross section was obtained at a spinning temperature of 285 ° C. and a single hole discharge rate of 5.5 g / min. Melt-spinning was performed using a spinneret having a substantially rectangular cross-section with a ratio of major axis to minor axis of 10: 1. Next, after cooling the spun filament with a cooling air flow, the filament is taken up with an air sucker at a rate of 5500 m / min, and the filament is opened and deposited on the collecting surface of the moving conveyor. A web was formed. Next, this web was passed through a partial thermocompression bonding apparatus equipped with an embossing roll and partially thermocompression bonded under the same conditions as in Example 1 to obtain a fiber having a flat cross section and a single yarn fineness of 11.0 decitex. A long-fiber nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained.
比較例２
実施例２と比べて、赤色蛍光色素含有マスターペレットを用いなかったことを相違させた。そして、それ以外は実施例２と同様にして、構成繊維の横断面形状が扁平断面、単糸繊度１１．０デシテックスであり、目付５０ｇ／ｍ２の長繊維不織布を得た。
Comparative example 2
The difference from Example 2 is that the red fluorescent dye-containing master pellet was not used. Then, otherwise in the same manner as in Example 2, the cross-sectional shape of the constituent fibers was a flat cross section, the single yarn fineness was 11.0 decitex, and a long fiber nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 was obtained.
得られた実施例１、２および比較例１、２の長繊維不織布について、上述の「測定１」を実施した。なお、測定にあたっては、長繊維不織布を設置する際に、長繊維不織布の下に、反射材としてデュポン社製のフラッシュスパン不織布「タイベック １４４２Ｒ」を敷設した。また、長繊維不織布を設置せずに、前記反射材のみを試料片として測定したものは、比較例３とした。その結果を表１に示す。 The above-described "Measurement 1" was performed on the obtained long-fiber nonwoven fabrics of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In the measurement, when installing the long fiber nonwoven fabric, a flash spun nonwoven fabric “Tyvek 1442R” manufactured by DuPont was laid as a reflecting material under the long fiber nonwoven fabric. In addition, Comparative Example 3 was one in which a long-fiber nonwoven fabric was not installed and only the reflective material was measured as a sample piece. The results are shown in Table 1.
また、実施例１、２および比較例１、２の長繊維不織布について、上述の「測定２」を実施した。測定にあたっては、前記した「測定１」と同様で、長繊維不織布の下に、反射材としてデュポン社製のフラッシュスパン不織布「タイベック １４４２Ｒ」を敷設した。また、長繊維不織布を設置せずに、前記反射材のみを試料片として測定したものを、上記の場合と同様に、比較例３とした。 In addition, the above-described "Measurement 2" was performed on the long-fiber nonwoven fabrics of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In the measurement, in the same manner as in "Measurement 1" described above, a flash spun nonwoven fabric "Tyvek 1442R" manufactured by DuPont was laid as a reflective material under the long fiber nonwoven fabric. In addition, a sample obtained by measuring only the reflective material as a sample piece without installing the long fiber non-woven fabric was set as Comparative Example 3 in the same manner as in the above case.
さらに、ゼンポー社製の「水畑ミニ」を、水耕栽培のシステムとして、屋内にて小松菜の水耕栽培を実施した。栽培ラックは、縦４９．５ｃｍ、横６０．５ｃｍ、高さ１８０ｃｍのものを使用した。またラック側板の二面及び底面には反射材としてデュポン社製のフラッシュスパン不織布「タイベック １４４２Ｒ」を展張し、その上から上層不織布として実施例１の長繊維不織布を展張して、二重構造の反射シートとした。そして、岩崎電気社製のメタルハライドランプを光源として使用し、栽培体の根元から８０ｃｍの位置に光源をセットし、午前９時から午後５時まで連続して照射した。この条件で２６日間の栽培を行ったところ、表２に示すように、栽培環境下温度は２５．９℃で、一株当たりの平均生体重が６．０９ｇである小松菜が得られた。 In addition, Komizuna was hydroponically cultivated indoors using a "water field mini" manufactured by Zenpo Co., Ltd. as a system for hydroponics. The cultivation rack used had a length of 49.5 cm, a width of 60.5 cm, and a height of 180 cm. Also, a flash spun non-woven fabric "Tyvek 1442R" manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd. was spread as a reflecting material on the two sides and the bottom of the rack side plate, and the long fiber non-woven fabric of Example 1 was spread as the upper layer non-woven fabric from above to form a double structure. It was a reflection sheet. Then, using a metal halide lamp manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. as a light source, the light source was set at a position of 80 cm from the root of the cultivated body, and irradiation was continuously performed from 9 am to 5 pm. When cultivation was carried out for 26 days under these conditions, as shown in Table 2, Komatsuna with a cultivation environment temperature of 25.9 ° C. and an average fresh weight per strain of 6.09 g was obtained.
また、実施例１の長繊維不織布に代えて、実施例２、比較例１、２の長繊維不織布を用いて、同様に水耕栽培を実施した。その結果を、表２に示す。 Further, instead of the long fiber non-woven fabric of Example 1, the long fiber non-woven fabrics of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were used to perform hydroponics in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 2.
また、上層不織布は用いずに、反射材としてのフラッシュスパン不織布のみを展張して、同様に水耕栽培を実施した。その結果を、比較例３として、表２に示す。 Further, without using the upper layer nonwoven fabric, only the flash spun nonwoven fabric as the reflecting material was spread, and the hydroponics was carried out in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 2 as Comparative Example 3.
実施例１、２は、資材の反射率が良好でありかつ、植物体である小松菜の生育に有効な波長域の光が効率よく照射されたため、良好な生育となり、平均生体重が高いものであった。これに対し、比較例１−３は資材の反射率が十分ではなく、植物体である小松菜の生育に有効な波長域の光が限定的であり、平均生体重が低く、生育が十分ではなかった。 In Examples 1 and 2, the reflectance of the material was good, and the light in the wavelength range effective for growing Komatsuna, which is a plant, was efficiently irradiated, so that good growth was achieved and the average fresh weight was high. there were. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1-3, the reflectance of the material is not sufficient, the light in the wavelength range effective for growing Komatsuna, which is a plant, is limited, the average fresh weight is low, and the growth is not sufficient. It was
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