JP2019513725A - 腫瘍特異的細胞の枯渇のための抗CD25 FCγ受容体二重特異性抗体 - Google Patents
腫瘍特異的細胞の枯渇のための抗CD25 FCγ受容体二重特異性抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(a)抑制型に対する活性化型の比(A/I)が1を上回る状態でFcγ受容体に結合し、かつ/または
(b)FcγRIIbに対する結合よりも高い親和性でFcγRI、FcγRIIc及びFcγRIIIaのうちの少なくとも1つに結合することを特徴とする。
治療方法において抗CD25抗体を使用することを想定する場合、更に好ましい特徴を呈することができる。抗CD25抗体は、好ましくは、モノクローナル抗体、特に、ヒト抗体またはヒト化抗体である。更に、免疫細胞及び/またはその活性を発揮するための免疫系構成要素の他の構成要素との相互作用を考慮して、抗CD25抗体は、向上したCDC、ADCC及び/またはADCP応答、好ましくは、増大したADCC及び/またはADCP応答、より好ましくは、増大したADCC応答を更に誘導し得る。
(a)CD25に結合する第1の抗原結合部分と、
(b)別の抗原に結合する第2の抗原結合部分とを含む、二重特異性抗体であって、
二重特異性抗体は、少なくとも1つの活性化型Fcγ受容体に高親和性で結合し、かつ腫瘍浸潤制御性T細胞を枯渇させる、IgG1抗体である、二重特異性抗体を提供する。好ましくは、かかる第2の抗原結合部分は、免疫チェックポイントタンパク質、腫瘍関連抗原から選択される抗原に結合するか、抗ヒト活性化型Fc受容体抗体(抗FcγRI、抗FcγRIIcまたは抗FcγRIIIa抗体)であるか(または当該抗体をベースにするか)、抗ヒトFcγRIIbアンタゴニスト抗体である(または当該抗体をベースにする)。
(a)PD−1の場合、抗PD−1抗体は、ニボルマブまたはペンブロリズマブであり得、
(b)PD−L1の場合、抗PD−L1は、アテゾリズマブであり、
(c)CTLA−4の場合、抗CTLA−4は、イピリムマブである。
このような二重特異性抗体は、デュオボディ、BiTE DART、CrossMab、ノブ・イントゥ・ホール、トリオマブまたは二重特異性抗体及びその断片の他の適切な分子フォーマットを含む、任意の市販のフォーマットで提供され得る。
(a)CD25に結合する第1の抗原結合部分と、
(b)免疫チェックポイントタンパク質、腫瘍関連抗原に結合するか、抗ヒト活性化型Fc受容体抗体(例えば、抗FcgRI、抗FcgRIIa、抗FcgRIII)であるか(または当該抗体をベースにするか)、抗ヒトFcγRIIbアンタゴニスト抗体である(または当該抗体をベースにする)、第2の抗原結合部分と
を含む、二重特異性抗体であって、
二重特異性抗体は、好ましくは、少なくとも1つの活性化型Fcγ受容体に高親和性で結合し、かつ腫瘍浸潤制御性T細胞を枯渇させる、IgG1抗体である、二重特異性抗体を提供する。
(a)CD25に結合する第1の抗原結合部分と、
(b)腫瘍細胞上に発現される免疫チェックポイントタンパク質に結合する第2の抗原結合部分と
を含む、二重特異性抗体を提供する。
マウス
C57BL/6及びBALB/cマウスをCharles River Laboratoriesから得た。Fcer1g−/−及びFcgr3−/−マウスは、S.Beers氏(University of Southampton,UK)の好意により提供された。Fcgr4−/−及びFcgr2b−/−マウスは、J.V.Ravetch氏(The Rockefeller University,New York,USA)から寄贈された。動物実験は全て、University College of London及び英国内務省の倫理審査承認及び規則の下で実施された。
MC38、B16、CT26及びMCA205腫瘍細胞(3−メチルコラントレンにより誘導された弱免疫原性の線維肉腫細胞;G.Kroemer氏(Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute)より)及びレトロウイルス産生に使用する293T細胞を、10%ウシ胎児血清(FCS、Sigma)、100U/mLペニシリン、100μg/mLストレプトマイシン及び2mML−グルタミン(全てGibco製)を添加したダルベッコ改変イーグル培地(DMEM、Sigma)中で培養した。抗体産生に使用するK562細胞を、10%IgG枯渇FCSを添加したフェノールレッド不含イスコフ改変ダルベッコ培地(IMDM)(Life Technologies)中で培養した。B16(マウス皮膚黒色腫細胞)及びCT26(N−ニトロソ−N−メチルウレタンにより誘導された未分化結腸癌細胞株)の各細胞及び関連培養条件は、ATCCから入手可能である。
抗CD25の重鎖及び軽鎖の可変領域の配列をcDNA末端高速増幅(RACE)によってPC−61.5.3ハイブリドーマから分離し、次いで、pFUSEss−CHIg−mG2A及びpFUSE2ss−CLIg−mkプラスミド(Invivogen)に由来するネズミIgG2a及びκ鎖の定常領域にクローニングした。次いで、各抗体鎖をネズミ白血病ウイルス(MLV)由来レトロウイルスベクター中にサブクローニングした。予備実験のために、重鎖と軽鎖の両方をコードするベクターを形質導入したK562細胞を使用して、抗体を産生した。
再クローニングされたPC−61.5.3抗体由来の抗CD25重鎖可変DNA配列は、次のタンパク質配列をコードする。
METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTGEVQLQQSGAELVRPGTSVKLSCKVSGDTITAYYIHFVKQRPGQGLEWIGRIDPEDDSTEYAEKFKNKATITANTSSNTAHLKYSRLTSEDTATYFCTTDNMGATEFVYWGQGTLVTVSS
METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTGQVVLTQPKSVSASLESTVKLSCKLNSGNIGSYYMHWYQQREGRSPTNLIYRDDKRPDGAPDRFSGSIDISSNSAFLTINNVQTEDEAMYFCHSYDGRMYIFGGGTKLTVL
公開されている抗PDL1(MPDL3280A/RG7446)の可変重鎖及び可変軽鎖のDNA配列は、組み換え抗体として再クローニング及び発現されている。
培養した腫瘍細胞をトリプシン処理し、洗浄し、PBS中に再懸濁し、脇腹に皮下注射(s.c.)した(C57BL/6マウスのMCA205及びMC38モデルには5×105細胞;C57BL/6マウスのB16モデルには2.5×105細胞、BALB/cマウスのCT26モデルには5×105細胞)細胞)。抗体は、図の凡例に記載される時点で、腹腔内(i.p.)注射した。機能実験のために、10日後、腫瘍、流入領域リンパ節及び組織を採取し、Simpson et al.(2013)J Exp Med 210,1695−710に記載されているフローサイトメトリーによる解析用に処理した。治療実験のために、腫瘍を週2回測定し、3つの直行する直径の積として体積を算出した。いずれかの直径が150mmに達したら、マウスを人道的に安楽死させた。腫瘍担持マウスを、5及び7日目に、200μgの抗CD25−r1(αCD25−r1)、抗CD25−m2a(αCD25−m2a)または抗CTLA−4(αCTLA−4)により処置し、6、9及び12日目に、100μgの抗PD−1により処置した。治療実験の場合は、マウスを5日目にのみ処置し、表現型決定及び枯渇の場合には、5日目及び7日目にのみ処置した。腫瘍サイズを週2回測定し、いずれかの腫瘍直径が150mmに達したら、マウスを安楽死させた。9日目に、末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)、リンパ節(LN)及び腫瘍(TIL)を採取し、フローサイトメトリー解析用に処理し、染色した。
データ収集は、BD LSR II Fortessa(BD Biosciences)を用いて実施した。次の直接コンジュゲート抗体:抗CD25(7D4)−FITC、CD4(RM4−5)−v500(BD Biosciences);抗IFNγ(XMG1.2)−AlexaFluor488、抗PD−1(J43)−PerCP−Cy5.5、抗Foxp3(FJK−16s)−PE、抗CD3(145−2C11)−PE−Cy7、抗Ki67(SolA15)−eFluor450、抗CD5(53−7.3)−eFluor450、固定可能な生死判定色素−eFluor780(eBioscience);抗CD8(53−6.7)−BrilliantViolet650(BioLegend);及び抗グランザイムB(GB11)−APC(Invitrogen)を使用した。次の抗体:抗CD25(BC96)−BrilliantViolet650(Biolegend)、抗CD4(OKT4)−AlexaFluor700(eBioscience)、抗CD8(SK1)−V500、抗Ki67(B56)−FITC(BD Biosciences);抗FoxP3(PCH101)−PerCP−Cy5.5(eBioscience);抗CD3(OKT3)−BrilliantViolet785(Biolegend)を使用して、ヒト細胞を染色した。Foxp3の核内染色は、Foxp3 Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set(eBioscience)を使用して行った。サイトカインの細胞内染色のために、細胞を、ホルボール12−ミリステート13−アセテート(PMA、20ng/mL)及びイオノマイシン(500ng/mL)(Sigma Aldrich)を用いて、GolgiPlug(BD Biosciences)の存在下、37℃で4時間、再刺激し、次いで、Cytofix/Cytoperm緩衝液セット(BD Biosciences)を使用して染色した。細胞の絶対数を定量するために、データ取得の前に所定数の蛍光ビーズ(Cell Sorting Set−up Beads for UV Lasers,ThermoFisher)を各サンプルに添加し、計数基準として使用した。
進行性黒色腫(n=10、12の病変)、早期非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)(n=8)及び腎細胞癌(RCC)(n=5)の3つの異なる患者コホートにおいて、末梢血(PBMC)及び腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)を調査した。示されるヒトデータは、倫理審査承認を受けた3つの異なる並行試験(黒色腫REC no.11/LO/0003、NSCLC−REC no.13/LO/1546、RCC−REC no.11/LO/1996)から得た。全ての症例において、書面によるインフォームドコンセントを得た。
腫瘍は、手術室から病理部門に直接持ち込まれ、腫瘍の代表領域が切り出された。続いて、サンプルを滅菌条件下で細断し、酵素分解(Liberase TL試験等級(Roche)及びDNAse I(Roche)含有RPMI−1640(Sigma))を37℃で30分間行い、その後、gentleMACS(Miltenyi Biotech)を使用して機械的分散を行った。得られた単一細胞懸濁液を濾過し、Ficoll−paque(GE Healthcare)勾配に通して白血球を濃縮した。生細胞を計数し、10%ジメチルスルホキシド含有ヒトAB血清(Sigma)中に−80℃で凍結させた後、液体窒素に移した。
腫瘍サンプル及びPBMCを解凍し、完全RPMIで洗浄し、FACS緩衝液(500mL PBS、2%FCS、2nM EDTA)中に再懸濁し、丸底96ウェルプレートに入れた。表面抗体のマスターミックスを製造元の推奨希釈:CD8−V500、SK1クローン(BD Biosciences)、PD−1−BV605、EH12.2H7クローン(Biolegend)、CD3−BV785で調製した。固定可能な生死判定色素(eFlour780、eBioscience)も表面マスターミックスに含めた。細胞内固定・透過処理緩衝液セット(eBioscience)を使用して透過処理を20分間行った後、製造元の推奨希釈で使用される次の抗体:グランザイムB−V450、GB11クローン(BD Biosciences)、FoxP3−PerCP−Cy5.5、PCH101クローン(eBioscience)、Ki67−FITC、クローンB56(BD Biosciences)及びCTLA−4−APC、L3D10クローン(Biolegend)からなる細胞内染色パネルを適用した。
腫瘍サンプルを緩衝ホルマリン中に固定し、パラフィンに包理した。2〜5μmの組織切片を切り出し、次の免疫組織化学用抗体:抗CD8(SP239)、抗CD4(SP35)(Spring Biosciences Inc.)、抗FoxP3(236A/E7)(G.Roncador CNIO博士(Madrid,Spain)からの寄贈)及び抗CD25(4C9)(Leica Biosystems)で染色した。多重染色のために、細胞コンディショニング1試薬(Ventana Medical Systems、Inc.)及び内因性ペルオキシダーゼ不活化用過酸化水素を使用して抗原を賦活化した後、パラフィン包理組織切片を一次抗体とともに30分間インキュベートした。検出は、ペルオキシダーゼベースの検出試薬(OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit Ventana Medical Systems,Inc.)及びアルカリホスファターゼ検出試薬(UltraView Universal Alkaline Phosphatase Red Detection Kit、Ventana Medical Systems,Inc.)を使用して実施した。免疫アルカリホスファターゼの更なるサイクルを、別の基質(先にFast Redを使用した場合はFast Blue;逆もまた同様)を使用して実施した。免疫組織化学及びタンパク質反応パターンを評価した。多重免疫染色のスコアリングも実施した。本試験の承認は、National Research Ethics Service,Research Ethics Committee 4から得た(REC参照番号09/H0715/64)。
Bs CD25 PD−L1デュオボディは、文献に記載されている技術に従って、CH3ドメイン中に、Fab交換を可能にする1つの対応する点変異を含有する2つの親IgG1から開始して、作製及び産生されている(Labrijn AF et al.,Nat Protoc.2014,9:2450−63)。簡潔に述べれば、抗マウスCD25(上記のPC61;マウスIgG1アイソタイプ)及び抗マウス/ヒトPD−L1(クローンS70(アテゾリズマブ、MPDL3280A、RG7446またはクローンYW243.55.S70としても知られる);WO2010077634及びHerbst R et al.,2014,Nature 515:563−7参照)のそれぞれを、軽鎖は同一のままであるが、CH3ドメイン中にK409R変異(PC61−IgG1)及びF405L変異(S70−IgG1)を含めて、哺乳動物発現ベクター(504865|UCOE(登録商標)発現ベクター−マウス3.2kb Puro Set−Novagen)にクローニングし、哺乳動物細胞において別々の組み換えタンパク質として産生させる。半分子の組み換えを可能にするために、これらの親IgG1を、許容される酸化還元条件下(例えば、75mM 2−MEA;インキュベーション5時間)、等モル量でin vitroで混合する。還元剤を除去して鎖間ジスルフィド結合の再酸化を可能にした後、得られたヘテロマータンパク質を、SDS−PAGEクロマトグラフィーまたは質量分析に基づく方法を使用して、交換効率について分析する。Bs CD25 PD−L1の場合、質量分析により、ヘテロ二量体タンパク質の分子量は151Kdであることが確認され、これは、クローンS70の単一の重鎖及び軽鎖の分子量(74Kd)とPD61−IgG1の単一の重鎖及び軽鎖の分子量(77Kd)を加算したものに対応し、各親IgG1の半分が組み合わされて単一分子になったことを示している。
インターロイキン2高親和性受容体アルファ(IL2Rα)であるCD25は、Tregの誠実な表面マーカーとしてこれまで使用されており、したがって、抗体媒介性Treg枯渇の標的である。抗CD25(aCD25)が活性化エフェクターT細胞も排除し得るかどうかについては、議論があることから、CD25の発現を腫瘍及び末梢リンパ器官のリンパ球サブ集団で解析した。
従来から、抗CD25抗体(αCD25)クローンPC−61(ラットIgG1,κ)(αCD25−r1)は、マウスモデルでのTreg枯渇に使用されており、マウスモデルでは、末梢リンパ器官中のTregが排除されることが繰り返し示されている。FcγR結合における種間の相違を避けるために、PC−61の定常領域をマウスIgG2a,κ(αCD25−m2a)(典型的なマウス枯渇アイソタイプ)に交換し、Treg数を末梢と腫瘍の両方で定量し、腫瘍浸潤Tregの枯渇をもたらすことが知られている抗CTLA4(αCTLA4、クローン9H10)の作用と比較した。
腫瘍内Treg枯渇の効率がより良いことから、αCD25−m2aは、定着腫瘍の治療において良好な治療成果を有し得ると仮定された。定着腫瘍に対するαCD25−m2a及びαCD25−r1の抗腫瘍活性を、腫瘍が定着した、MCA205細胞の皮下移植から5日後に、単回用量のαCD25を投与することによって評価した。結果を図6に記載する。
CD25は、マウスモデルに基づくTreg枯渇及び併用免疫療法アプローチの魅力的な標的であると考えられる。ヒトにおいてTreg枯渇を可能にする標的としてCD25を検証するために、末梢血及び腫瘍浸潤リンパ球におけるその発現レベルを、卵巣癌、膀胱癌、黒色腫、非小細胞癌(NSCS)及び腎細胞癌(RCC)患者から得た生体サンプルを使用して、フローサイトメトリー及び免疫組織化学(IHC)によって比較した。ペンブロリズマブによるαPD−1療法を受ける前と後のRCC患者の腫瘍サンプルにおけるTreg及びCD25発現の数もまた定量した。結果を図14及び15に示す。
これまでの実施例により、PC61をベースにし、かつ適切なアイソタイプを有する抗体のTreg枯渇CD25結合特性は、PD−1アンタゴニスト(抗PD−1または抗PD−L1抗体)などの免疫チェックポイントタンパク質を標的にする抗体などの他の抗がん化合物と組み合わせて利用できることが示された。これらの所見は、2つの抗原結合特性及び関連するアイソタイプ(例えば、IgG1)を組み合わせた二重特異性抗体の構築を示唆するものである。
Claims (29)
- がんを有するヒト対象を治療する方法であって、抗CD25抗体を対象に投与するステップを含み、前記対象は、固形腫瘍を有し、前記抗CD25抗体は、FcγRI、FcγRIIc及びFcγRIIIaから選択される少なくとも1つの活性化型Fcγ受容体に高親和性で結合し、かつ腫瘍浸潤制御性T細胞を枯渇させる、IgG1抗体である、前記方法。
- 前記抗CD25抗体が、CD25に対して、10−8M未満の解離定数(Kd)を有し、かつ/または少なくとも1つの活性化型Fcγ受容体に対して、約10−6M未満の解離定数を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗CD25抗体が、
(a)抑制型に対する活性化型の比(A/I)が1を上回る状態でFcγ受容体に結合し、かつ/または
(b)FcγRIIbに対する結合よりも高い親和性でFcγRI、FcγRIIc及びFcγRIIIaのうちの少なくとも1つに結合する、
請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 前記抗CD25抗体がモノクローナル抗体である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗CD25抗体が、ヒト抗体、キメラ抗体またはヒト化抗体である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗CD25抗体が、向上したCDC、ADCC及び/またはADCP応答、好ましくは、増大したADCC及び/またはADCP応答、より好ましくは、増大したADCC応答を誘導する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗CD25抗体が、定着腫瘍を有する対象に投与される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 固形腫瘍を有する対象を特定するステップを更に含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象に免疫チェックポイント阻害薬を投与することを更に含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害薬がPD−1アンタゴニストである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記PD−1アンタゴニストが抗PD−1抗体または抗PD−L1抗体である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に定義される抗CD25抗体。
- ヒト対象のがんの治療に使用するための、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に定義される抗CD25抗体であって、前記対象は、固形腫瘍を有する、前記抗CD25抗体。
- ヒト対象のがんを治療するための薬剤の製造のための、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に定義される抗CD25抗体の使用であって、前記対象は、固形腫瘍を有する、前記使用。
- 免疫チェックポイント阻害薬と組み合わせて投与するためのものである、請求項13に記載の使用または請求項13に記載の使用のための抗CD25抗体。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害薬がPD−1アンタゴニストである、請求項15に記載の使用または請求項14に記載の使用のための抗CD25抗体。
- ヒト対象のがんの治療に使用するための、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に定義される抗CD25抗体と、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に定義される免疫チェックポイント阻害薬との組み合わせであって、前記対象は、固形腫瘍を有し、前記抗CD25抗体及び前記PD−1アンタゴニストは、同時に、個別に、または連続して投与される、前記組み合わせ。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に定義される抗CD25抗体と、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に定義される免疫チェックポイント阻害薬とを含む、がんの治療に使用するためのキット。
- 薬学的に許容される媒体中に、抗CD25抗体及び免疫チェックポイント阻害薬を含む、医薬組成物。
- (a)CD25に結合する第1の抗原結合部分と、
(b)免疫チェックポイントタンパク質に結合する第2の抗原結合部分と
を含む、二重特異性抗体であって、
前記二重特異性抗体は、FcγRI、FcγRIIc及びFcγRIIIaから選択される少なくとも1つの活性化型Fcγ受容体に高親和性で結合し、かつ腫瘍浸潤制御性T細胞を枯渇させる、IgG1抗体である、前記二重特異性抗体。 - 前記免疫チェックポイントタンパク質が、PD−1、CTLA−4、BTLA、KIR、LAG3、VISTA、TIGIT、TIM3、PD−L1、B7H3、B7H4、PD−L2、CD80、CD86、HVEM、LLT1、GAL9、GITR、OX40、CD137及びICOSからなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の二重特異性抗体。
- 前記免疫チェックポイントタンパク質が腫瘍細胞上に発現される、請求項21に記載の二重特異性抗体。
- 前記免疫チェックポイントタンパク質がPD−L1である、請求項21または22に記載の二重特異性抗体。
- PD−L1に結合する前記第2の抗原結合部分がアテゾリズマブ中に含まれているものである、請求項23に記載の二重特異性抗体。
- 請求項20〜24のいずれか一項に定義される二重特異性抗体を対象に投与するステップを含む、がんを治療する方法。
- 前記対象が固形腫瘍を有する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 対象のがんの治療に使用するための、請求項19〜24のいずれか一項に定義される二重特異性抗体。
- 前記対象が固形腫瘍を有する、請求項27に記載の使用のための二重特異性抗体。
- 対象の固形腫瘍中の制御性T細胞を枯渇させる方法であって、前記対象に抗CD25抗体を投与するステップを含み、前記抗体は、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に定義されるものである、前記方法。
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