JP2019196028A - Engine combusting hydrogen and oxygen - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an engine for emission reduction policy of COand NOdealing with global warming and a configuration which is superior to a movable body of electric drive.SOLUTION: In an engine combustion apparatus for combusting hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen (or carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide) is extracted by hydrogen generation means ZU by introducing heat and steam generated at a combustion apparatus in the hydrogen generation means provided in the engine combustion apparatus, and then introducing either electricity or hydrocarbon compound or oxygen or heat of steam. The hydrogen is used as fuel, and the carbon dioxide (or carbon monoxide) is recycled by carbon dioxide recycling means which carries out as resource at outside of the engine. Furthermore, electricity and hydrogen are generated at rotation force take-out means 3 and electricity/hydrogen generation means 4 on a downstream side, the hydrogen is used as fuel of the engine, the electricity is used as power of an engine installation apparatus, and surplus electricity is sold at an electricity transfer system EaST or is used as private power source, so as to further work the engine of scale correspondent to amount of the generated hydrogen.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  This is the technical field of engines that burn hydrogen and oxygen.

PCT / JP2016 / 077931 proposes the configuration of the combustion chamber in the combustion process of an engine capable of burning enriched oxygen and hydrogen, and the engine combustion chamber receives direct heat from the combustion of enriched oxygen and hydrogen. A heat-resistant structure is provided, a water passage is provided between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber, an injection nozzle for injecting water into the heat-resistant structure and the combustion chamber is provided on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and water is injected from the nozzle. As the cooling means in the combustion chamber, the steam generated by the steam generating means and the exhaust gas of the steam generated by the combustion flow through the rotational force extracting step and are extracted as rotational force, and the extracted rotational force is used as power or electricity. The gas that has flowed through the extraction step is introduced into a fuel generation step that generates fuel, and the fuel generation step is separated by a synthesis gas reformer and a gas separation membrane. Provided vessels and gas reformer separator to produce hydrogen fuel self-sufficient fuel, and there is a CO _2, NO _X engine system technology which does not emit.

Patent No. 5967682 An engine that produces fuel by combustion of enriched oxygen air and fuel. In the configuration of an engine in which hydrocarbon fuel containing carbon or hydrogen is burned with enriched oxygen air, the combustion chamber portion (combustion device 2) of the engine is provided with a means capable of withstanding the combustion heat of oxygen and hydrogen. An injection nozzle for injecting water is provided in the heat-resistant structure portion, and water is injected into the heat-resistant structure portion to turn the water into steam, and the combustion chamber portion enables combustion of oxygen and hydrogen by heat absorption during steam generation. In order to generate electricity by supplying a hydrogen fuel cell with hydrogen generated in the reforming path by providing steam reforming, aquatic gas shift, or dry reforming reforming path in the exhaust gas flow path from In addition, the technology of rotating the turbine blades with both combustion gas and product gas and using the rotational force as the driving force of the transport equipment or the power generation power of the generator. * In this application, a water passage having a combustion chamber configuration of the engine is provided in the heat resistant structure, and water is absorbed to generate water vapor in the process of passing water through the water passage. Either the steam reformer Ka, the steam electrolyzer F1 or the partial oxidation reactor BO is provided on the outside, and the steam generated in the heat-resistant structure part is converted into the steam reformer Ka, the steam electrolyzer F1 or the partial oxidation reactor. A technology that differs in that it is introduced into any of the BOs to generate hydrogen and the generated hydrogen is used as fuel for the engine.

JP 2012-52162 A method for producing and using hydrogen and oxygen. A method for producing and using hydrogen and oxygen, which can produce and use clean hydrogen and oxygen at low cost by using low-grade water vapor that is generated secondarily at a steel mill (steel making process), Steam heater A that heats low-grade steam to produce high-temperature steam, steam electrolysis apparatus B that decomposes high-temperature steam obtained by the steam heater into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis, and steam electricity The sensible heat recovery device C1 that recovers sensible heat from hydrogen and oxygen obtained by the cracking device, and the hydrogen and oxygen obtained by the steam electrolysis device and the sensible heat recovered by the sensible heat recovery device are used in the iron making process. And a method for producing and using hydrogen and oxygen, characterized by comprising a utilization device E1. * In contrast to the provision of a steam heating device A that heats low-grade steam generated by the iron-making process of the document technology to produce high-temperature steam, this application describes hydrogen in the engine combustion devices 2 to 2c. The high temperature steam is generated by direct combustion heat and indirect heat by combustion of oxygen and oxygen, but the technical part of the steam electrolysis apparatus and thermoelectric energy conversion apparatus of this document is adopted in this application. .

Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-155195 Hydrogen generation method, hydrogen generation apparatus and catalyst. A catalyst obtained by solidifying a metal oxide (for example, Cr 2 O 3) and a metal hydroxide (for example, KOH) by heating to a temperature not lower than the melting point and not higher than the boiling point of the metal oxide is installed in the catalyst storage chamber 21. The water vapor of about 750 ° C. evaporated in the evaporation chamber is supplied to perform three reactions involving the intermediate active substance to collect hydrogen from the water. According to the present invention, since the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group of the metal hydroxide is taken out instead of taking out the water molecule directly, the reaction can be performed with steam at around 700 ° C., which is compared with the electrolysis of water. And hydrogen can be taken out with less energy. In addition, since the three reactions are combined and the catalyst itself does not decrease and apparently water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, the catalyst itself does not decrease. Furthermore, the catalyst materials necessary for carrying out the invention include chromium oxide, titanium oxide, etc. as metal oxides, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc. as metal hydroxides, and easy to obtain as chemical materials. This is a technology that is inexpensive. * The water vapor in the exhaust stream 5a of the combustion apparatus 2-2C (combustion apparatus 2, 2a, 2ar, 2b, 2c, 2d) of the present application or the exhaust stream 5a after flowing through the rotational force extracting device 3 is used as the metal of the present invention. This is a technique that can be used in the present application as water vapor in an apparatus SY that collects hydrogen using a catalyst of oxide and metal hydroxide and water vapor.

JP-A-2015-189721 natural gas processed product manufacturing method and processed natural gas processing plant. A process for producing a natural gas processed product from natural gas, wherein the water is electrolyzed to produce oxygen and hydrogen, and the produced oxygen is reacted with the natural gas to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Is a technology for producing a natural gas processed product by producing a synthesis gas containing a gas and reacting the produced synthesis gas. Furthermore, technology to produce methanol by reacting hydrogen with carbon dioxide, reaction formula CO2 + 3H2 → CH3OH + H2O Technology to produce methane by reacting hydrogen with carbon dioxide. Reaction formula CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O In addition, Chiyoda Corporation (company name) is a technology that generates 2CO + 2H2 synthesis gas by reforming carbon dioxide CO2 and methane CH4 using a noble metal catalyst. Furthermore, a technology for producing dimethyl ether by reacting carbon monoxide CO with hydrogen. 2CO + 4H2 → CH3OCH3 + H2O * A technology that can be adopted as one of the carbon dioxide resource generation means CH of the present application.

Published in English science journal Nature Communication in Heisei 25.8.29. "Decompose carbon dioxide at room temperature on the surface of a common substance." The group of Professors Hideo Hosono and Specially Appointed Professor Yoshitake Toda of Tokyo Institute of Technology incorporated electrons into the structure of the compound 12CaO 7A ⅼ 2O3 (hereinafter C12A7) composed of lime (CaO) and alumina Al2O3. We found that C12A7 electride selectively adsorbs carbon dioxide molecules at room temperature and decomposes them. This characteristic is attributed to the unique physical properties of C12A7 electride, which has the property that it is extremely easy to give electrons to the outside and is chemically stable, and generally has an incompatible property. * This technique can be used as one technique of the carbon dioxide resource utilization means CH of the present application.

1. Using the heat-resistant conductor SC provided in the combustion apparatus 2 described in Patent Document PCT / JP2016 / 077931 described in the background art as a heat transfer body, steam reforming and electrolysis are performed in the engine combustion apparatus. Invent a possible (integrated) structure. (Invention of engine combustion apparatus or electric / hydrogen generating means configured to be self-sufficient for fuel hydrogen, or to obtain a price corresponding to fuel cost).
2. When the steam reforming in the fuel generation step 4 for producing hydrogen of the technique described in 1 above is repeated, carbon dioxide increases, but a system for treating this carbon dioxide should be constructed.
3. Finding means to cover fuel costs with products in operation of the engine, and in the case where the engine is mounted in a moving form, finds means to cover the depreciation of the engine and is superior to an electrically driven moving body To.
4). The carbon dioxide CO ₂ to be generated is found as a carbon dioxide resource that can be used as a resource in external equipment (in the case of installation in stationary equipment, it may be in the equipment).
5. A configuration for generating waste plastic as a resource by generating hydrogen with the engine combustion device Z and using heat, water vapor, and exhaust flow force generated by the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, and 2ar with the hydrogen as energy sources is found.

In the first invention, water is converted into steam by heat generated by burning oxygen (separated by the separation device 1) and hydrogen, and the steam is reacted (for example, electrolysis, steam reforming, partial oxidation reaction, etc.). An engine combustion apparatus Z provided with a configuration for generating hydrogen (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 10), in which oxygen and hydrogen are supplied to the combustion nozzle 2N (from the gas storage tank T1 and the gas storage tank T2) of the combustion apparatus Z. A heat-resistant structure SC that is supplied and ignited by a spark plug 2P and combusts in the combustion chamber NE and receives direct heat from the combustion provided in the combustion chamber (the heat-resistant structure SC has a shape that easily receives direct heat (for example, (Substantially cylindrical))),
A water passage MHa that receives direct heat from the combustion while the water (provided by supplying water from a water tank and supplied) is provided in the heat-resistant structure part and receives water directly from the combustion to make the water vapor;
Water vapor A generating means for generating water vapor A in the water passage MHa;
Hydrogen generating means ZU provided on the outer shell (outside) of the heat-resistant structure part (for example, F1, F2, FIG. 1 if ZU is an electrolyzer, and Ka for steam reforming, FIG. 2 and FIG. 10 if the partial oxidation reaction OS.
A supply nozzle Zj for supplying the steam A to the hydrogen generating means ZU and a supply nozzle Zj for supplying the steam to the hydrogen generating means ZU and reacting the steam with the hydrogen generating means ZU (for example, electrolysis, steam reforming, An auxiliary material (for example, heat, electricity, oxygen, hydrocarbon compound, etc.), an SB supply means for supplying an auxiliary material SB to be subjected to a partial oxidation reaction,
Hydrogen or a mixed gas containing hydrogen is generated by using any one or more of the water vapor A supplied to the hydrogen generating means ZU and the supplied secondary material (heat, electricity, oxygen, hydrocarbon compound, etc.) SB. Hydrogen or a mixed gas generating means containing hydrogen;
A separation device for separating hydrogen from the mixed gas;
Hydrogen or a mixed gas containing hydrogen is introduced into the separator to extract hydrogen, and the obtained hydrogen is used as hydrogen for the fuel of the engine combustion device Z.
The supply nozzle Zj for supplying the steam A generated in the water passage MHa to the combustion chamber NE, and the steam A supplied from the supply nozzle Zj absorbs the heat in the combustion chamber NE and further increases the steam Aa and the steam Aa. The steam Aa is an exhaust stream 5 that is discharged downstream as exhaust together with the steam B generated by the combustion and the undecomposed steam (STn and undecomposed steam STm) that has not been decomposed (reformed) by the hydrogen generating means ZU;
An engine for combusting hydrogen and oxygen, characterized by an engine combustion apparatus Z that combusts hydrogen and generates hydrogen.
* The heat absorbing structure means SC that receives the direct heat of the fuel combustion flame 2F provided in the combustion chamber NE of the engine is preferably a heat resistant heat absorbing structural material (for example, an alumina Al ₂ O ₃ based alloy having a high heat conductivity and high heat resistance temperature). The heat absorption structure means SC is provided with a water passage MHa for converting water into water vapor, and water is used as water vapor A while the water passes through the water passage, and the water vapor A is used as the hydrogen generation means ZU and the engine combustion. The engine that can inject oxygen and hydrogen into the combustion chamber Z and can generate hydrogen in the combustion device Z by means of supplying the steam to the engine combustion chamber cooling means and the steam generation means (device) by injecting into the chamber NE Is a new technology that was able to devise.
* (Enriched) In the combustion of oxygen and hydrogen, the center temperature of the combustion flame is about 2800 ° C. In the combustion of air (inside oxygen) and hydrogen, the center temperature of the combustion flame is about 1900 ° C (enriched). Whether the engine using (enriched) oxygen and the engine using air (of which oxygen) increases the center temperature of the combustion flame by about 47%, is it used for the steam reformer or for electrolysis of water? The production of any water vapor used in the partial oxidation reaction BO can be increased by 47% in calculation (difference in oxygen density, which is referred to as oxygen energy in the present application).
* When the hydrogen generation means ZU of the engine combustion apparatus Z is steam reforming and partial oxidation reaction, steam reforming CH ₄ + H ₂ O → CO + 3H ₂ and (partial oxidation reaction CH ₄ + O → CO + 2H ₂ ) shift Although it is a CO + H ₂ O → CO ₂ + H ₂ configuration in which a reaction section is provided, a configuration in which the shift reaction section is not provided and carbon monoxide is generated instead of carbon dioxide may be used.
In a second aspect of the invention, the exhaust flow 5a from the combustion device Z is caused to flow through the rotational force extraction device 3 provided downstream of the engine combustion device Z, and the exhaust flow 5a flowing through the rotational force extraction device 3 is converted into the heat resistant structure. A means for returning (for example, a return conduit) to the water passage MHa provided in the section SC and returning the exhaust flow 5a back to the water passage MHa; An engine for burning oxygen is provided.
* When the hydrogen generating means ZU of the engine combustion apparatus Z is steam reforming, the amount of steam to be supplied is 2 to 5 times the theoretical value due to carbon deposition (H ₂ O / CH ₄ (molar ratio) 2-5) The surplus steam supplied becomes unreformed steam STm, merges with the exhaust gas, flows through the rotational force extractor 3 from the exhaust stream 5 and becomes the exhaust stream 5a, and is discharged downstream. And a means for returning the exhaust stream 5a to the water passage MHa of the heat-resistant structure (for example, a return pipe, not shown) is a regeneration means for regenerating the exhaust stream 5a into the water vapor A of the hydrogen generating means.
* When the hydrogen generating means ZU of the engine combustion apparatus Z is the electrolysis apparatus F1 or F2, the electrolysis rate of water vapor is discharged when, for example, the decomposition rate in the device for decomposing water vapor through the solid electrolyte cell is 50-60% It is possible to increase the decomposition rate by returning the undecomposed water vapor to be reheated and charging it again into the electrolyzers F1 and F2 (electrolysis capacity UP = increase the number of cells installed).
3rd invention is the rotary blade 3a of the said rotational force taking-out apparatus 3, Comprising: (FIG. 8)
A rotating blade body for converting the substantially straight exhaust flow force of the exhaust flow 5 into a rotating force, and one rotating shaft 3c for extracting the rotating force of the rotating blade body 3a;
The other rotary shaft 3c1 of the rotary shaft 3c;
An outer shell 3d of the rotational force extracting device 3;
A water passage 3MH communicating from the end of the other rotating shaft 3c1 to the outside of the rotating blade body 3a through the rotating shaft 3c1 and the rotating blade body 3a;
In the process of introducing water into the water passage 3MH and passing through the water passage, the water absorbs the heat of the rotary blade body 3a and becomes water vapor C, which is downstream as the exhaust flow 5a (and the combined flow) after flowing through the rotational force extraction device 3. Provided is an engine for burning hydrogen and oxygen, characterized in that the structure is a rotary power take-out device 3 having a structure for discharging and having a cooling means for a rotor blade 3a.
The fourth aspect of the invention relates to electricity and hydrogen generation by introducing an exhaust flow 5a that has flowed through the rotational force extracting device 3 of the engine equipped with any of the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar, and Z. Means 4,
Heat (for example, approximately 1000 ° C. depending on the setting of the engine) and steam (steam A, steam Aa, steam B, steam C, undecomposed steam STn or unmodified) One or more of the quality steam STm) and one or more of the electric Ea and seawater (for example, water used for steaming in a ship) taken out by the rotational force take-out device 3,
(For example) steam electrolysis apparatus F1 or steam electrolysis apparatus FS1 or metal oxide and metal hydroxide catalyst SY or steam reforming apparatus Ka1 or hydrothermal chemical decomposition F2 or thermoelectric energy One or both of electricity and hydrogen are used in combination with one or more of the conversion device DE, the heat exchanger G, the fuel cell generator FD1, and the seawater desalination (desalination) device Wa. Hydrogen that is generated (manufactured) and further generates electricity from a plurality of engines operated by operating a plurality of engines having the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar according to the amount of the generated hydrogen; An engine for burning oxygen is provided.
* A plurality of modes can be conceived as to whether any one of the devices described in the above-mentioned electricity & hydrogen generating means 4 is operated alone or in combination, and there is no contradiction between the configuration of the device and the apparatus (the configuration that is theoretically valid) It can be made freely (for example, a combination in a configuration in which electricity is generated by the fuel cell generator FD1 and the electricity is converted into electricity of the steam electrolyzer F1).
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, any one of the engine combustion apparatuses 2 and 2a and 2ar that operate the engine having the hydrogen generation means ZU and generate hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generation means ZU without the engine and the hydrogen generation means ZU. It is characterized in that either one or both of electricity and power is generated by one engine having hydrogen generating means ZU and a plurality of engines not having hydrogen generating means ZU. Provide an engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen.
* Hydrogen 3H ₂ + H ₂ -α produced by the above engine combustion device Z (in the case of steam reforming Ka) (α is the unreformed hydrogen in the steam reforming Ka and downstream electricity / hydrogen production The engine combustion device 2 or the above-mentioned engine combustion device 2b1 and the steam reforming Ka (combustion device of the scale that consumes the same amount of hydrogen as the above 2b) The engine combustion device 2a or the engine combustion device 2ar is operated by operating a plurality of units (for example, three units) composed of at least one of the three types (for example, four units) (for example, the engine combustion unit Z is a steam reformer). In the case of the quality), the engine combustion device 2 or the engine combustion device 2a or the engine combustion device 2ar that does not have the steam reforming Ka is less from the flow force of the exhaust stream 5 of the steam amount used for the steam reforming Ka. Excretion The flow force of the stream 5 is approximately 100%, and the downstream rotational force extracting means 3 is configured so as to discharge 5 exhaust gas forces of 3 units + 1 unit (the steam amount used in the steam reforming Ka is minus). Then, the power and electricity of the engine are produced, and the electricity / hydrogen producing means 4 for producing electricity and hydrogen by introducing the exhaust flow 5a flowing through the exhausting means 3 and exhausting it further produces electricity / hydrogen. An engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen.
* The combustion device 2 has a configuration in which the electrolysis device F1 and the steam reforming portion Ka are removed from the engine combustion devices 2b and 2c, respectively, and the heat-resistant structure portion SC (water channel MHa). Is provided with an injection nozzle Mj for directly injecting water into the combustion chamber wall 2U instead of providing the heat-resistant structure SC without using the heat-resistant structure SC in the combustion apparatus 2. In the combustion device 2a, the unreformed steam is returned to the combustion chamber NE to the combustion chamber NE, and the unreformed steam is reheated to the combustion chamber NE. The structure provided with the steam reheating means WR is the engine combustion apparatus 2ar.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the electricity generated by the engine is stored in the battery 40 and used as the moving power of the moving body. The surplus electricity is stored or is the electricity generated by operating the engine when the moving body is not moving? An engine for burning hydrogen and oxygen is provided, characterized in that any one of the electricity delivery forms is an electricity delivery system EaST. * Electric power transfer system EaST
1. Electricity generated in the mobile body and stored in the battery in the mobile body,
1a, a means for allowing the electricity transfer station to collect the electricity is provided (electric power is sold).
1b, introducing an electricity storage station and a battery exchange system in a mobile parking lot (shortening the electricity replenishment time by replacing a set of multiple batteries as a unit) A system that replaces a battery that is generated and charged in a mobile body with a battery that has a charge level that is close to the lower limit value.
2. Means for operating the engine during the parking of the mobile body and connecting the electricity generated by the mobile body directly with a cable or the like at the mobile parking area. (Same form of selling electricity generated by solar power generation to power companies)
The above is a representative example of the electricity transfer system EaST.
* Parking lots (parking lots, parking lots, etc.) of the engine-equipped equipment (aircraft, ships, railways, automobiles, etc.) equipped with an engine equipped with the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar, Z (2b, 2c, 2d) on a moving body A gas station or a mobile gas station is provided for carbon monoxide CO or carbon dioxide CO ₂ at mooring yard / airfield / military bases such as piers / marinas, etc.) and water and hydrocarbon compounds (for example, methane) The apparatus is configured to receive the supply of CH ₄ ) or to provide the facility (electricity transfer station) for receiving the electricity generated by the engine so as to take the electricity.
That is, when the moving body is moved, the moving body is operated to generate hydrogen (and oxygen) of fuel to be consumed as energy of the moving body, and the excess carbon monoxide CO or carbon dioxide CO ₂ is used as a gas station. Alternatively, the mobile gas station can be purchased and supplied with water and a hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ ), or the electricity generated by the engine is consumed as the power of the mobile body and exceeds the consumption amount. The surplus electricity generated and taken over by the electricity transfer system EaST (power supply to the external social power energy supply infrastructure), either or both, and the carbon monoxide surplus in the engine CO or carbon dioxide CO ₂ and electricity were used as valuable resources.
* Many of the above vehicles, such as automobiles that run on public roads, are equipped with equipment that burns fuel and generates electricity using its rotational force, and generates electricity by operating the vehicle when it is not running. The cost received by subtracting the hydrocarbon cost input and the electricity bill output-if the input cost is positive, the structure of the engine of the present application that can obtain revenue from operation when not operating It is an engine that can be operated when it is not running (and profitable).
* If the amount of hydrogen generated by the engine is an amount that can be consumed by the engine (consumed as the moving power of the mobile body) and can generate surplus electricity, the surplus electricity can be temporarily stored in the battery 40 or Sell electricity directly by electric transportation.
* By utilizing the time when the moving body is not in operation, cracking and the like due to fatigue of the engine components due to repeated stop and operation in the engine can be prevented, leading to an extension of the engine life and sales of the engine product or The engine can be quickly depreciated by use (for example, at its own factory).
In a seventh aspect of the invention, an engine including the engine combustion device Z is operated to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen generated by the engine is supplied to one or more of the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar that use the fuel as fuel. The oxygen separated by the oxygen separator 1 and the hydrogen are combusted, and one or more of water vapor, heat and electricity obtained by the combustion is supplied to the waste plastic recycling means as energy and steam of the waste plastic recycling means. An engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen, characterized by reducing waste plastic resource costs.
* An example of the technology using equipment related to waste plastic processing and resource recycling in the embodiment of the above resource recycling means is as follows, and the equipment that uses a larger amount of steam, heat and electricity reduces the cost of recycling waste plastic. Contribute to.

<< Supplementary explanation of means for solving the above problems >>
<Oxygen separator 1> (FIG. 7)
It is an oxygen (enrichment) means for separating and removing nitrogen N ₂ from the air atmosphere.
Separation by gas membrane {for example, prism separator (Monsanto), prism alpha gas (Monsanto) (company name) PV (pervaporation), etc.} is a cryogenic separation method or adsorption separation method in the present technology. The separation membrane system is Monsanto, Dow, Separec, WR Grace, and in Japan, Ube Industries (all company names) have commercialized their own separation membrane systems.
* The principle configuration of membrane separation that separates gases is a material that is separated by the relative permeation rate of the gas to be separated.
Fast gas easily permeates through the membrane wall, exits to the side port, and slow gas is difficult to permeate through the membrane wall, so it moves inside the hollow fiber and is discharged from the outlet And
The early gas includes H ₂ O, H ₂ , H ₂ S, CO ₂ , and O ₂ , and the slow gas includes Ar, CO ₃ , N ₂ , and CH ₄ .
Operating pressure 8 to 150 Kg / Cm ² G (some are possible with a pressure of less than 8 Kg / cm ² )
(Enriched) Oxygen gas purity is 70% to less than 100% (a range that does not emit NOx)
The condition is that the gas to be separated has a pressure, and the driving force of the separation membrane system is the use of a pressure difference.
As the compressor, any of an axial flow type, a reciprocating type, a screw type, a rotary type, a scroll type and the like can be used.

<Steam reformer Ka>
A method of producing a synthesis gas by reacting a hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ ) and steam (steam) with a steam reformer Ka opposite to the catalyst, and a large endothermic reaction with a molar ratio of H ₂ and CO of 3 and hydrogen It is represented by the following reaction formula that is often produced.
For example, a reforming reaction formula using methane CH ₄ as a material to be reformed CH ₄ + H ₂ O ₃ H ₂ + CO (1)
CO + H ₂ O⇔H ₂ + CO ₂ (2) Shift reaction. This reaction occurs as a secondary reaction during the reaction of (1).
* As the steam reforming catalyst, for example, a known catalyst such as a nickel catalyst can be used.-Reforming temperature of about 650 to 1000 ° C.

<Partial oxidation reactor BO of hydrocarbon compounds>
A partial oxidation reaction of a means that does not require a catalyst in the hydrogen generation means ZU,
A hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ ) and oxygen (1 / 2O ₂ ) which has been separated by the oxygen separator 1 and become high density are introduced into the hydrogen generating means Z, and the mixed gas partial oxidation reactor BO is supplied with the above-mentioned mixture. Heat of steam A is supplied (by heat transfer of heat-resistant conductor SC) to promote combustion to obtain a synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the partial oxidation reactor BO, and supply the steam A to the synthesis gas Then, a selective permeable membrane reactor can be used in which hydrogen and carbon dioxide are produced by a shift reaction and hydrogen is selectively permeated and taken out from the produced gas.
A configuration in which a partial oxidation reaction BO is used instead of the steam reforming Ka and electrolysis F1 and F2.
Other methods for producing the hydrogen include direct reforming of methane and can be used as the reforming technique of the present application.

・ Examples of installation of reformers When reaction time is required for the reformer and electrolysis unit of the engine of this application, or when it is desired to increase the amount of reformed gas at the same time, multiple hydrogen generators are used. It can be configured to be provided, or a reformer that uses exhaust gas (about 500 ° C.) that has been absorbed by the reforming is provided separately, and in a stationary engine (for example, an engine related to power generation at a power plant) A technique that requires time (for example, several hours) for reforming / decomposing / separating can also be adopted, and it is preferable to adopt a technique having a short cycle such as reforming / decomposing / separating for installation in a moving form.
For example, the steam reforming section Ka of the engine combustion apparatus 2b shown in FIG. 4 is divided into four (90 ° * 4), and steam is sequentially injected (introduced).

<Heat-resistant structure SC> Engine combustion devices 2, 2b, 2c, 2d (see FIGS. 1, 2, 4, 5, 610)
(Enriched) In the combustion of oxygen and hydrogen, the center temperature of the combustion flame is about 2800 ° C., and in the combustion of air (inside oxygen) and hydrogen, the center temperature of the combustion flame is about 1900 ° C. (enriched) due to the use of oxygen. The center temperature of the combustion flame rises by about
For example, tungsten W, hafnium Hf, ceramics, alumina Al ₂ O _3, titanium Ti, nickel Ni, silicon carbide SiC (silicon carbide ceramics) or the like can be used as the combustion chamber wall material that can withstand the combustion heat of burning oxygen and hydrogen. For stationary equipment such as coated (vapor-deposited) and boilers, refractory bricks with water-cooled walls are conceivable. However, the above-mentioned tungsten and hafnium have problems in terms of workability and price as the moving interior combustion chamber wall materials.
The endothermic structure means SC that receives the direct heat of the combustion flame 2F of the fuel provided in the combustion chamber NE of the engine is provided, for example, as an alumina Al ₂ O ₃ based alloy having a high thermal conductivity and high heat resistance temperature, and the engine combustion chamber The endothermic structure means in the NE and the hydrogen generation means ZU wall injection means for injecting water vapor A into the engine combustion chamber cooling means and water vapor generation means water vapor A is a new technology capable of continuous combustion of oxygen and hydrogen Was made.

<Steam electrolysis FS1>
1a, steam electrolyzer
The Sunshine Project (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) has developed a method of electrolyzing water vapor at 800 ° C to 1000 ° C using a stabilized zirconia (Zro-10% Y2O3 (yttrium oxide)) thin film as a solid electrolyte. Temperature is 900-1000 ° C, current density 40A / dm ²
The cell voltage is 1.3 &#8483; and the power conversion efficiency is 90%.
* JP 2017-45601 (described)
In the example, it is assumed that a high voltage of 40 to 64 V was obtained in the solid oxide fuel cell stack 10 composed of 64 cells.
The solid oxide fuel cell stack and the solid oxide fuel cell module are:
It can be suitably used in the technical fields of portable solid oxide fuel cell small generators and hydrogen generators based on electrolysis.

* 1b, <Electrolysis devices F1 and F2>
Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-52162 is a technique in which the steam electrolysis technique can be used as a technique for decomposing the engine fuel into hydrogen and oxygen, and the exhaust gas discharged from the engine combustion device is extracted from the rotational force. The apparatus 3 is allowed to flow through, and high-temperature steam having heat after flowing through is electrolyzed (steam electrolysis) in the steam electrolyzers F1 and F2 to generate hydrogen and oxygen. The higher the steam electrolysis temperature, the more advantageous the direct use of the heat source. A medium temperature steam electrolyzer that operates at 600 ° C. may be used, and an electrolyzer that operates at 1000 ° C. is more preferable. The intermediate temperature steam electrolyzer uses a proton conductor: SrZr _0.5 Ce _0.4 Y _0.1 O _3-a as an electrolyte, and Sm ₀ that is highly active in an anode that decomposes water as an electrode. oxide electrode composition of _.5 Sr _0.5 CoO _3, also, the cathode is a hydrogen generating electrode by adopting the structure for inserting a thin layer of a proton conductor of the Serrate system between the nickel electrode and the electrolyte The technique of the said patent document 4 which operate | moves by the low overvoltage of 0.3V on the conditions of 600 degreeC and 0.2 A / cm < ² >. This is a technique that can be adopted as the electrolyzers F1 and F2 incorporated in the engine combustion apparatus 2c of the present application and a technique of the electrolyzer F1 that can be adopted for the electricity / hydrogen generating means 4.

* 1c, <Electrolysis devices F1 and F2>
It belongs to the technology of steam electrolysis equipment,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-307290, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-228085, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-33816, and the like that disclose a technique in which high-temperature steam gas is electrolyzed while passing through a solid electrolyte cell. In the description, water molecules are decomposed by energizing the fuel electrode and the air electrode with an external power source while blowing steam under a high temperature condition of about 900 ° C. Specifically, hydrogen gas derived from water molecules is extracted from the fuel electrode, and oxygen gas derived from water molecules is extracted from the air electrode. This high-temperature steam electrolysis is a technology in which the theoretical decomposition voltage is lower than that of low-temperature water decomposition (for example, 0.9 V at 1000 ° C.). * 1d, solid oxide steam electrolyzer (Technology described in JP2008-243744)
Even at an operating temperature of 400 ° C. to 600 ° C., the metal thin film is dispersed in the metal composition and crystal grain boundaries of the metal composition in a steam electrolysis apparatus using the metal thin film capable of improving the atomic permeability. Oxide. It is a technique formed by simultaneously sputtering a metal target constituting the metal composition and an oxide target constituting the oxide, and a technique for further decomposing water vapor that has not been decomposed by the high-temperature steam electrolysis ( Electrolytic device F2).

* 1E, <Metal Oxide and Metal Hydroxide Catalyst and Water Vapor Extractor SY,>
Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-155195 Hydrogen generation method, hydrogen generator and catalyst.
A catalyst obtained by solidifying a metal oxide (for example, Cr ₂ O ₃ ) and a metal hydroxide (for example, KOH) by heating to a temperature not lower than the melting point and not higher than the boiling point of the metal oxide is installed in the catalyst storage chamber 21. A technique of collecting hydrogen from water by supplying water vapor of about 750 ° C. evaporated in the evaporation chamber to the storage chamber 21 and performing three reactions involving intermediate active substances.

<Solid Electrolyte Membrane Type Reactor> In the description of Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-298664 using a partial oxidation reaction,
Reaction of a three-layer structure comprising a porous support 1, a dense layer 2 formed on the oxygen ion / electron mixed conductive solid electrolyte, and a catalyst layer 3 formed on the dense layer 2. A membrane reactor using a structure, in which a gas to be treated 4 containing hydrocarbon as a main component is supplied to the surface of the catalyst layer 3, and a high-purity oxygen gas 5 is supplied to the surface of the porous support 1 side. And a membrane reactor for supplying high-purity oxygen gas of a technique characterized by obtaining a reformed gas (such as synthesis gas).

<Seawater fresh water (fresh water) generator Wa>
In the engine equipped with the engine combustion apparatus 2, 2a, 2ar, 2b, 2c, 2d, it is a fresh water acquisition means such as a marine vessel, etc., and many technologies related to seawater fresh water (fresh water) are disclosed and put into practical use. It is possible to use any of these techniques.
For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-30133, a seawater filter that filters seawater, a reverse osmosis membrane separation device that separates water filtered by the filter into fresh water using a reverse osmosis membrane, and a control that controls adhesion of shellfish to a water intake section that takes water. There is a seawater desalination device with a chemical.

<Heat exchanger G, G3>
It is a heat transfer device that is a heat transfer device that has already become common sense, but the heat of the heat conditioner compressed by heat exchange with the heat transfer medium is exchanged with water or air. Technology.

<Thermoelectric energy conversion device>
JP 2012-52162 A method for producing and using hydrogen and oxygen. The technique described in Patent Document 2,
A thermoelectric conversion module was prototyped with heat related to the technology that becomes a thermoelectric conversion device that directly converts heat into electricity, and a power generation test has been carried out. As a result of the power generation test (heating to 300 ° C, no load = zero current) electromotive force Examples of successful generation of 0.39V have been disclosed. The above-mentioned power generation module has 18 thermoelectrics using Fe2V0.9Ti0.1Al2 for p-type material and Fe2val0.9si0.1 for n-type material. It consists of elements.
Copper is used for the electrode, and it is bonded to each material of p and n by diffusion bonding. One of the modules is fixed at 20 ° C, and the other surface is heated to 300 ° C to generate electricity by the temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces. It is.

<Fuel cell generator FD1>
A configuration in which hydrogen generated by the engine combustion device 2 described in Patent Document 1 is sent to a fuel stack to generate electricity in the fuel stack, and the electricity is used as traveling power (a configuration that can be said to be a fuel cell generator).
The structure for generating electricity with hydrogen and oxygen to power the automobile is a technology that has already been commercialized as a hybrid vehicle. However, the structure for generating electricity with the hydrogen, oxygen, and fuel stack generated in the present application is also the electricity generating means 4. This is one method.

<Separator with gas separation membrane (separation means)>
・ Polymer membrane separators: Polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, etc. are industrially proven in hydrogen membrane separation. ・ Metal separation membrane (palladium Pd metal thin film).
The metal palladium film only transmits hydrogen molecules. That is, hydrogen molecules are atomized on the film surface to become protons (H ⁺ ) and electrons (e), which diffuse through the film, recombine on the film surface, and are molecularized and separated. This membrane can be separated by heating the thin tube to 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. This membrane is suitable for producing high-purity hydrogen.
・ High-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics) There is a high-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane system of about 700 ° C. For example, hydrogen from hydrogen reformed by steam reforming reformed at 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C. and synthesis gas of carbon monoxide Suitable for high temperature gas separation.
・ Membrane reactor (reactor and separator integrated type) In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-302334, oxygen-containing hydrocarbon is used as a main raw material gas, and water (steam), carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. are used as auxiliary raw material gases. A gas mixture is produced by a selective permeable membrane (for example, a palladium alloy membrane) capable of selectively permeating hydrogen after generating a gas mixture containing hydrogen using a chemical reaction such as a quality reaction, partial oxidation reaction, or decomposition reaction. This is a membrane reactor that separates and extracts hydrogen from the reactor and is a permselective membrane reactor (also referred to as a membrane reactor) capable of performing the above chemical reaction and selective separation at the same time. * The above hydrogen and carbon monoxide and When it is difficult to use high-temperature gas separation in a separation membrane that separates oxygen and water vapor in a high-temperature zone, a known separation method (for example, about 100 to 200 ° C.) from a low-temperature (for example, about 100 to 200 ° C.) gas after heat absorption by a heat exchanger. PAS adsorption method and a membrane separation membrane, etc.) can also configured to separate.

Although it is the rotational force taking-out apparatus 3 which takes out exhaust flow force 5 as rotational force,
The structure for extracting fluid (water, water vapor, combustion gas) by using the flow force in a substantially linear direction as the rotational force is the water flow force such as the water flow from the dam, the tidal current of the tidal current, the water flow of the agricultural channel, etc. Compressing the steam turbine and the gas turbine (the prime mover that rotates the impeller by spraying steam and the steam engine) Wing bodies (moving blades, etc.) of a motor that turns a turbine using high-temperature and high-pressure gas that is burned by mixing fuel in air, and the wing bodies (impellers) that have become common sense (known technology) in this application ) Since the exhaust gas and water vapor flowing through the rotational force extraction structure 3 are at a high temperature of at least 600 ° C., heat-resistant structure means (for example, processing a ceramic coating or the like on a nickel alloy) is provided if necessary. Alternatively, the water in the water passage MH is rotated by means for introducing water from the shaft portion of the rotating blade body of the rotational force extraction structure 3 (for example, a structure for supplying water to the rotating body of the sprinkler that sprinkles water). As a structure for supplying water to the wing body and discharging water or water vapor that has absorbed the heat of the rotor body to the outside of the rotor body and joining with the exhaust stream 5 flowing through the rotor body, the blade body (blade A configuration may be used as a cooling means for a car).

A mobile gas station is, for example, a large truck or large trailer equipped with an empty tank of at least one of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and a tank for the large truck or large trailer. When the load of carbon dioxide (or carbon monoxide) reaches the specified value, it is replaced with an empty carbon dioxide gas (or carbon monoxide gas) tanker truck and transported to a base, and further a hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ ) A large truck or a large trailer that has been loaded is installed in a gas station (such as a refueling station), and when the loaded amount of the large truck or large trailer becomes empty, it is loaded back to the gas base.
In another form of the above mobile gas station, a high-pressure gas cylinder or a liquefied gas cylinder such as an oxygen gas cylinder, a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, a hydrocarbon compound (e.g., methane) cylinder or a plurality of liquefied gas cylinders currently in circulation is mounted and transported. If so, the above-described gas exchange system (as infrastructure development) can be obtained.

<Carbon dioxide CO ₂ resource production means CH>
Are the above steam reforming Ka, and carbon dioxide CO ₂ recycling means CH generated by electric and hydrogen generating means, resources containing carbon and oxygen the carbon dioxide CO ₂ reforming decomposition techniques (e.g. carbon monoxide, Methane CH ₄ , methanol CH ₃ OH ₃ , dimethyl ether CH ₃ OH _3, etc.).
* The resource-recycling means CH1 is a resource-recycling means according to the technique described in Patent Document 4.
* -1, delivered to an external facility having equipment for producing hydrogen, and processed into a hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ , methanol CH ₃ OH ₃ , dimethyl ether CH ₃ OH ₃ ) at the external facility.
* -2, water is electrolyzed with electric power from an external facility having power generation facilities such as solar power, wind power, wave power generation, etc. to obtain hydrogen H ₂ , and a hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ ) with the hydrogen and carbon dioxide CO ₂ · processed into methanol _CH 3 OH _{3-dimethyl CH 3} OH 3).
* -2, delivered to a petroleum refinery that discharges hydrogen H ₂ as surplus, and processed into a hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ , methanol CH ₃ OH ₃ , dimethyl ether CH ₃ OH ₃ ). .
* The carbon dioxide CO ₂ resource means CH2
Processed into hydrocarbon compounds at an external facility with steam reforming.
For example, Chiyoda Corporation (company name) generates carbon dioxide CO ₂ and methane CH ₄ by using a noble metal catalyst to produce 2CO + 2H ₂ synthesis gas (steam / CO ₂ reforming). Utilization.

* Carbon dioxide CO ₂ resource generation means CH3 was invented by a group of Professor Hideo Hosono of Tokyo Institute of Technology. Use of technology in which C12A7 electride selectively adsorbs and decomposes carbon dioxide molecules at room temperature to decompose carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide (described later).
* -1, lime (CaO) and alumina Al compound composed of _{2 O 3 12CaO 7A &#8572} ; into the structure of the 2 _{O 3} (hereinafter C12A7), C12A7 electride incorporating electrons molecules of carbon dioxide Decomposition technology that selectively adsorbs at room temperature and decomposes into carbon monoxide and oxygen.
* Carbon dioxide CO ₂ resource generation means CH4 ・ Global carbon dioxide recycling The group of Tohoku University Institute of Metals, etc., produces hydrogen at a normal pressure of 300 ° C from hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced by electrolysis of seawater. And the invention including the invention of the catalyst used for the production, the electricity is generated by solar power generation in a desert such as the Middle East, and the carbon dioxide is transported from a carbon dioxide emitting country. Is to be procured.
* Carbon dioxide CO ₂ resource generation means CH5 is a cathode reduction of carbon dioxide (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2018-24895) catalyst and electrode catalyst, and a method for producing an electrode catalyst,
Production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water, or catalyst which converts carbon dioxide into a carbon-containing substance by cathodic reduction = a catalyst having a copper oxide coating.
CO ₂ + 8H ₂ + 8e ⁺ → CH ₄ + 2H ₂ O
A configuration that generates methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
* Carbon dioxide CO ₂ resource-recycling means CH6 has recently found a method of using supercritical fluid CO ₂ as a solvent in an industrial process for carbon dioxide, and can also be used in this method.

<Technology related to processing and recycling of waste plastic>
* 2002 Japan plastic production = 138.5 million tons ・ Polyethylene PE-23.4%
・ Polypropylene PP-19.4%
Polyvinyl chloride PVC-18.4%
Polystyrene PSt -8.8%
Polyethylene terephthalate-5.1%
The above landfill 2.76 million tons, waste power generation 2.05 million tons, recycling material cycle 1.52 million tons, oil recycling, gasification, blast furnace raw materials and other chemical recycling 250,000 tons solid fuel 320,000 tons, incineration (heat utilization ) Recycling 1.27 million tons and 1.73 million tons is a problem.
Further, there is an urgent need to reduce the processing cost by reducing the CO ₂ emission discharged in the above process and increasing the energy efficiency of the process.
500ml PET bottle production cost 7.4 yen / book Reuse cost transportation-26 yen, cleaning re-molding 1.4 yen = 27.4 yen / 7.4 = 3.5 times.
Polyethylene terephthalate COOCH ₂ CH ₂ OH + 2H ₂ O
Ethylene glycol = low boiling point.
Discarded polymer composition,
Low density polyethylene LDPE, high density polyethylene HDPE, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer EVA 31%,
Use as a container and packaging material with 20% polypropylene PP and a service life of 2 years or less.
Polystyrene PSt Acrylonitrile / Butadiene / Styrene Copolymer ABS, Acrylonitrile / Styrene Copolymer AS 17%, Polyvinyl Chloride 12% (used for civil engineering and construction electric wires that require durability exceeding 15 years,
The above four major resins account for 80%.
Remaining polyethylene terephthalate PET resin 5%, polyurethane resin 4%, polycarbonate resin 3%, polyamide 2%,
Use as a container and packaging material for PE and years of use less than 2 years.
Is art published relating to the processing and recycling of many waste plastics to the above situation, operation and there are also many devices the technique used Nikki Although emission reduction and treatment of CO ₂ to be discharged by the process Reduction of processing costs due to increased process energy efficiency is a problem. Basically, “engines equipped with engine combustion devices (2b, 2c, 2d, 2, 2a, 2ar) that burn hydrogen and oxygen” Is an engine powered by hydrogen and oxygen (enrichment from the air) energy that is currently in operation.・ Power of technology using equipment related to processing and recycling of waste plastics using at least one of water vapor and oxygen &#13225; ・ Emission of carbon dioxide by using electricity Ea, heat E, water vapor, and oxygen, Power &#13225; ・ Electricity Ea ・ Heat E ・ Water vapor ・ Oxygen production costs are zero (hydrocarbon compound costs are offset by electricity sales), and initial cost (equipment costs) is amortized This is a plastic processing and resource recycling cost.

* As technologies and equipment used for the treatment and recycling of the above waste plastics ・ Pyrolysis of used polymers using supercritical water, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (company name), and Daicel Chemical & Nippon Steel (both company names) ) Gasification melting furnace system ・ Kawasaki Steel (company name) Gasification melting furnace system ・ Battere Memorial Institute (USA) announced that it has developed a technology for recovering ethylene monomer from mixed waste plastics, USP 5,116, 117 (August 4, 1992).
And so on.

1. The biggest challenge is the reduction of CO ₂ emissions to cope with global warming, and the use of (enriched) oxygen makes it an engine that does not emit nitrogen oxides “NO _X ”. Since it is configured so as not to emit carbon dioxide, it could be used as an engine for greenhouse gas emission reduction measures, which constitutes one of the challenges for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. The hydrogen generated by reforming and carbon monoxide CO or carbon dioxide CO ₂ was transferred to the mobile gas station (or the gas station). .
3. The electricity generated by the engine was sold by the electricity transfer system EaST.
4. The engine can be used as a waste plastic resource recycling means.

Each dimensional relationship in the drawings is enlarged for important portions, exaggerated where details are difficult to understand, and reduced when describing wide portions or portions that are less important in the present invention. Thus, the dimensions between and within the drawings are not proportional, and are not actual or scaled.
If the distance between the lines is narrow, it is likely to become a single line that is thick and black at the scanning stage. Therefore, the distance between the lines is widened or described with a single line. Other parts are omitted between the drawings.

An engine combustion apparatus Z for combusting oxygen and hydrogen (separated by the separation apparatus 1) (FIG. 1), incorporating hydrogen generation means ZU in the combustion apparatus, the combustion apparatus comprising a storage gas tank T1 and Oxygen and hydrogen are supplied from the gas storage tank T2 to the combustion nozzle 2N, ignited by the spark plug 2P, and burned in the combustion chamber NE. The combustion chamber is provided with a heat-resistant structure SC that receives direct heat from combustion, The heat-resistant structure part is provided with a water passage MHa that receives water from the water tank and receives the direct heat generated by the combustion while the supplied water passes through the heat-resistant structure part SC to convert the water into water vapor. The steam A is generated by the steam generator nozzle Zj that injects the generated steam A into the hydrogen generating means ZU provided in the outer shell (outside) of the heat-resistant structure portion, and is sprayed from the spray nozzle. The water And secondary materials (e.g., heat, electricity, oxygen and hydrocarbon compounds) SB supply means for supplying a sub-material SB reacting steam (e.g. electrolysis, steam reforming, partial oxidation reaction or the like) at generation means ZU,
Hydrogen or a mixed gas containing hydrogen is generated by using any one or more of the water vapor A supplied to the hydrogen generating means ZU and the supplied secondary material (heat, electricity, oxygen, hydrocarbon compound, etc.) SB. Hydrogen or a mixed gas generating means containing hydrogen;
A separator for separating hydrogen from the hydrogen or a mixed gas containing hydrogen;
Hydrogen or a mixed gas containing hydrogen is introduced into the separator to extract hydrogen, and the obtained hydrogen is used as hydrogen for the fuel of the engine combustion device Z.
The supply nozzle Zj for supplying the steam A generated in the water passage MHa to the combustion chamber NE, and the steam A supplied from the supply nozzle Zj absorbs the heat in the combustion chamber NE and further increases the steam Aa and the steam Aa. The steam Aa is an exhaust stream 5 that is discharged downstream as exhaust together with the steam B generated by the combustion and the undecomposed steam STn (and undecomposed steam STm) that has not been decomposed (reformed) by the hydrogen generating means ZU;
An engine combustion apparatus Z that generates hydrogen by burning hydrogen.

A rotational force take-out device 3 is provided downstream of the combustion device Z, and the exhaust flow 5 is introduced into the rotational force take-out device 3 to flow through the rotational force take-out device 3 (for example, a rotary blade body) in a substantially linear direction. Electricity (or one or both of the motive power) taken out by converting the flow force into rotational force is stored in the battery 40, consumed as motive power, or used as electricity, or electricity / hydrogen generating means 4 or use the power transfer system EaST (for example, sell power to an electric power company).

An electric Ea / hydrogen generating means 4 for receiving the exhaust flow 5a flowing through the rotational force extracting device 3 and introducing the heat and water vapor of the exhaust flow 5a to generate electric Ea / hydrogen is provided, The electric Ea / hydrogen generation means 4 (the following electric Ea / hydrogen generation means has been described above and will not be described in detail), for example, steam electrolysis apparatus F1, steam electrolysis apparatus FS1, steam reforming Ka1, thermoelectric energy conversion Device DE, seawater desalination device Wa, fuel cell generator FD1, heat exchanger G, etc. can be combined (electrical Ea, configuration capable of producing hydrogen theoretically) Heat and steam of exhaust stream 5a can be either electric or hydrogen Hydrothermal chemistry that generates either one or both (using known technology), and that requires more time for reforming and disassembly when the engine is installed in a medium-sized or large-sized ship (for example, 500 tons or more) or in a stationary configuration. Can be an electrical Ea · hydrogen generation unit 4 using a solution F2 like.
It also includes using intermediate products (e.g., carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen, oxygen, electricity, etc.) generated in the generating means in addition to the heat and water vapor of the exhaust stream 5a.
The water vapor that has not been decomposed (or generated) by the electric Ea / hydrogen generation means 4 is returned to the downstream (combustion chamber NE) of the electrolysis apparatus F1 by a water vapor reheating (means) apparatus WR (water circulation loop). Return to water tank T4.

The same components as those of the engine combustion apparatus Z are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Only different portions will be described.
An engine combustion device 2c in which the hydrogen generation means of the hydrogen generation means ZU is an electrolyzer F1 (FIG. 2),
An electrolyzer F1 provided in the outer shell of the heat-resistant structure and the water injection nozzle Tj for injecting the water vapor A into the combustion chamber NE are provided and injected from the injection nozzle. (Electric power from the outside may be used in a stationary form (for example, a power plant) engine), and the water vapor A injected into the electrolyzer F1 and the supplied electricity are electrolyzed. F1 is decomposed and taken out into hydrogen and oxygen, and introduced into a heat exchanger G3 that recovers sensible heat from the obtained hydrogen and oxygen (it can also be directly supplied to the combustion nozzle 2N). The recovered heat E is a combustion apparatus that combusts hydrogen and oxygen in a form that is used as energy for obtaining any one or more of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, electricity and power in the engine combustion apparatus 2C and thereafter.

The same components as those of the engine combustion apparatus Z are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Only different portions will be described.
An engine combustion device 2b (FIG. 3) in which the hydrogen generating means of the hydrogen generating means ZU is a steam reforming section Ka,
The hydrogen generating means ZU is provided with a steam reforming section Ka, and a methane CH ₄ (hydrocarbon compound, hereinafter described with methane) vent MC is provided on the outer shell (outside) of the steam reforming section Ka to provide methane CH4. It is introduced into the steam reforming path Ka from the methane CH ₄ injection nozzle Cj,
The water vapor A is injected from the water injection nozzle Tj into the steam reforming portion Ka and the combustion chamber NE provided on the outside (outer shell portion) of the heat resistant structure portion,
The injected methane CH ₄ and steam A were reformed into a synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the steam reforming section Ka (the steam reforming section was reformed, for example, in a honeycomb structure in which a catalyst is supported on an alumina carrier). Hydrogen gas is separated into hydrogen and carbon dioxide + unreformed water vapor ST &#8575; by a separating means (for example, high-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics)). The carbon dioxide is separated and undecomposed steam ST &#8575; joins the exhaust stream 5 and is discharged downstream. The extracted hydrogen constitutes a cycle that is introduced into the combustion nozzle 2N as a fuel (via a hydrogen tank T2), and carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide tank T7 and used as a resource in the carbon dioxide resource generating means CH. .

The carbon dioxide can be taken out in the state of carbon monoxide (no shift reaction is performed).
Carbon monoxide may be used as the safety when transporting gas, but carbon dioxide may be used.
In the steam reforming section Ka, the steam reforming is performed by excess steam of H ₂ O / CH ₄ (molar ratio) of about 2 to 5,

The hydrogen produced by the engine combustion device 2b is the hydrogen of the fuel of the engine combustion device 2 or the engine combustion device 2a or the engine combustion device 2ar excluding the steam reforming portion Ka of the combustion device, and the fuel of the engine combustion device 2b itself. Of self-sufficiency of hydrogen,
_{CH 4 + H 2 O = CO} + 3H 2
This is a shift reaction (exothermic reaction), CO + H ₂ O = H ₂ + CO ₂
It is possible to generate water vapor of less than 4 molecules with the above-mentioned combustion heat, and to generate 2 molecules of hydrogen and 1 molecule of CO ₂ from 2 molecules of H ₂ water vapor from methane,
If less than four molecules of hydrogen are produced, it is sufficient to have one molecule of hydrogen for combustion, and if there is one combustion chamber 2b having steam reforming, the engine combustion device 2 or engine combustion having no steam reforming is required. This is a calculation that secures hydrogen for burning any three of the apparatus 2a and the engine combustion apparatus 2ar.
The shortage of hydrogen less than 1 (unreformed) can be replenished from the electricity + hydrogen generating means 4, so that steam reforming is performed with one engine combustion device 2b having steam reforming Ka as shown in FIG. Engine CPT (complete) that operates three engine combustion devices 2 or 2a or 2ar that do not have Ka can be produced. [In the configuration in which the shift reforming is not performed, steam reforming can be performed by one engine combustion device 2b having steam reforming Ka. FIG. 5 shows that an engine CPT (complete) in which two engine combustion apparatuses 2 or 2a or 2ar without Ka can be operated.

The engine combustion chamber 2 is a schematic flow diagram 6 of an engine combustion process in which hydrogen (H ₂ ) is burned continuously (enriched) with oxygen (O ₂ ) (can also be intermittent). An oxygen separator that separates and removes nitrogen from air is provided. The oxygen separator includes an air compressor and a separator that separates air into (enriched) oxygen and nitrogen {for example, a membrane separation membrane (FIG. 7) and A livestock gas tank T1 for stocking separated (enriched) oxygen is provided, which is supplied from the livestock gas tank to the fuel injection nozzle 2N through the (enriched) oxygen introduction pipe 3 to feed the fuel hydrogen into livestock gas. The hydrogen hydrogen gas is supplied from the hydrogen livestock gas tank T2 to the fuel injection nozzle 2 through the hydrogen introduction pipe 2, and the hydrogen and enriched oxygen of the fuel injected from the combustion nozzle into the combustion chamber NE are ignited by the spark plug 2P and continuously. Combusted and exhausted by the combustion Gas (mostly water vapor) is discharged as an exhaust stream 5.
A water passage MH is provided between the inner and outer walls (between 2G and 2U) of the engine combustion process (outer body), and water is introduced into the water passage MH from the water tank through the water introduction pipe 4 to the water passage MH. The combustion chamber inner wall 2U is provided with a plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting water in the water passage into the combustion chamber, and receives the direct heat of the combustion flame by the (enriched) continuous combustion of oxygen and hydrogen. SC is provided at intervals toward the inner center of the inner wall of the combustion chamber to protect the combustion chamber wall surface (combustion temperature) by combustion of hydrogen and (enriched) oxygen, and the water absorbs heat from the injection nozzle TJ. The water injected into the large-diameter direction surface of the structural means and the combustion chamber portion of the engine and injected into the heat absorbing structure means in the combustion chamber portion of the engine absorbs the heat of the heat absorbing structure means SC and turns the water into water vapor. The water injected into the NE in the combustion chamber is also The combustion heat (heat of exhaust gas) in the firing chamber is absorbed and the water is converted into steam, and the cooling water and steam generation means in the combustion chamber are used, and the injected water becomes steam and the above (enrichment) A combustion process 2 of an engine that continuously burns hydrogen and (enriched) oxygen air in a configuration that is discharged into the exhaust gas passage 5 together with exhaust gas generated by combustion of oxygen and hydrogen.

The engine combustion process 2a (FIG. 6) is an engine combustion apparatus that burns hydrogen (H ₂ ) with (enriched) oxygen (O ₂ ), and separates and supplies oxygen to the engine combustion apparatus 2a. 1. An engine combustion device 2 that sends oxygen (supplied through an oxygen passage 3) and hydrogen (supplied from a hydrogen tank through a hydrogen passage 2) separated from 1 to a combustion nozzle 2N and ignites and burns at a spark plug 2P, and the engine combustion device. 2 between the inner and outer walls of 2 (between 2G and 2U), and water is introduced into the water passage MH from the water tank T4 to the water passage MH from the water tank T4 to the water passage MH. combustion of the plurality of injection nozzles MJ and the injection the injected water from the nozzle MJ and a steam generating means for steam a above (enrichment) oxygen and hydrogen that directly injects Nikki water passage of water into the combustion chamber wall surface is provided Of the exhaust gas produced in Engine combustion apparatus 2a which can combust hydrogen and oxygen, characterized in that Nikki discharged to become the exhaust stream 5.

Electric Ea generated by the heat, steam, and rotational force extraction means 3 from any one or more of the engine combustion device 2 or engine combustion device 2a or engine combustion device 2ar or engine combustion device 2b or engine combustion device 2c of the engine. The steam that has been undecomposed (unreformed) by reforming / decomposition, etc. in the electricity / hydrogen generating means 4 using a part of the gas is returned to the combustion chamber NE of the combustion device 2a and merged into the exhaust stream 5 A combustion apparatus (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 11) that includes a water vapor reheating device WR that absorbs the heat of the exhaust stream 5 and reheats the steam to form reheated steam.

FIG. 5B is a schematic configuration diagram in which the exhaust flow 5 of the four combustion chambers is connected to one rotational force take-out device 3 downstream of the configuration described in the third embodiment, and reforms methane. The engine combustion apparatus 2b is an example of a structure that converts the exhaust flow 5 of four combustion chambers into rotational force, and can be commercialized in the above form (CPT).

The preferred embodiment of the engine having the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar, 2b, 2c, and 2d in the preferred moving body operates the combustion device and the electricity / hydrogen generating means 4 under certain set conditions to move the moving body. Such control is electricity.

A parking lot (a parking lot, a dock, a marina, etc. mooring field, an airfield, an army base) of the engine-equipped equipment (aircraft, ships, railways, automobiles, etc.) in which the engine of the above embodiments 2 to 5 is mounted on a moving body Carbon monoxide CO or carbon dioxide CO ₂ is provided in a gas station or a mobile gas station to be taken into the station and supplied with water and a hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ ) or by the engine. A facility (electricity transfer system EaST) for taking generated electricity is provided to take electricity.
That is, when the moving body moves, the engine is operated to generate hydrogen (and oxygen) of fuel, and after the work of moving is completed as energy of the moving body, the moving body engine is operated to generate carbon monoxide CO. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide CO ₂ is purchased by a gas station or a mobile gas station and supplied with water and a hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH 4) or electricity generated by the engine is taken over (external social power energy supply) It is a means for utilizing the non-operating time of the mobile body by either taking it in (power supply to infrastructure) or not.
By this means, it is possible to prevent crack breakage due to fatigue of the engine components due to repeated stop and operation in the engine, leading to the extension of the engine life and sales or use of the engine product (for example, use at own factory) The engine can be depreciated quickly.

FIG. 10 shows an example in which the hydrogen generation means ZU is a partial oxidation reaction device OS (engine combustion apparatus 2d) (FIG. 10), and methane CH4 and oxygen are supplied to the hydrogen generation means section and flow through the hydrogen generation means ZU section. The heat of the steam A is supplied to the mixed gas of methane CH4 and oxygen through the heat-resistant heat transfer structure SC to promote the partial oxidation reaction, and the synthesis gas generated by the reaction is sent to the shift reaction section to further introduce the steam A. A structure that generates hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and separates and extracts hydrogen from the generated gas using a permselective membrane.
* Partial oxidation reactor OS for reforming the heat of the heat-resistant structural part, the hydrocarbon compound supplied from outside the engine, and the oxygen supplied from the oxygen separator 1 on the outer shell (outside) of the heat-resistant structural part SC Then, after generating the mixed gas containing hydrogen, the steam A is supplied to the mixed gas to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen separated and extracted from the generated gas is taken out as hydrogen of the fuel of the fuel engine. This is an engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen.
* Using the above hydrocarbons as the main raw material gas and water (steam), carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. as the auxiliary raw material gases, a mixed gas containing hydrogen was generated using chemical reactions such as partial oxidation reaction and decomposition reaction. A technique for separating and extracting hydrogen from a mixed gas by a permselective membrane (for example, a high-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics)) that can selectively permeate hydrogen (after a shift reaction) As a means.

The example shown in FIG. 11 operates a plurality of units including the above-described 2b that operates using hydrogen generated by the engine combustion device 2b of the present application as a fuel, and uses one of the combustion devices (2, 2a, 2ar). Is connected to a low-temperature gasification furnace, and a low-temperature (600 to 800 ° C.) gasification furnace for introducing and gasifying the crushed waste plastic into the low-temperature gasification furnace is provided to keep the temperature in the gasification furnace at 600 to 800 ° C. The amount of heat exchange is controlled by the heat exchanger G2 from the steam exhaust stream 5 generated by the combustion device (the temperature control of the steam is also possible by a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of water in the water passage MH). Steam and oxygen from the oxygen separator are supplied to the low-temperature gasifier and partial oxidation is performed in the furnace. The used polymer is decomposed into gas components and char (thermal decomposition residue). Incombustible contamination It is discharged to the off-road.
Connect the other one of the above combustion devices to a high-temperature gasifier,
The combustion apparatus (2, 2a, 2ar) in which the polymer gasified in the low-temperature gasification furnace is provided with a high-temperature gasification furnace and is transferred to the high-temperature gasification furnace to keep the temperature in the gasification furnace at 1300 to 1500 ° C. The heat exchange amount is controlled by the heat exchanger G4 from the exhaust gas flow 5 of the water vapor generated in (1) (the temperature of the water vapor can be controlled by a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the water in the water passage MH). Steam and oxygen from the oxygen separator are supplied to the high-temperature gasifier and further gasification is promoted. The gas exiting the high-temperature gas furnace is sent to the quenching chamber and contains water containing ammonia (ammonia into the water from the water tank 4). In the process of passing through the cleaning building, slag is removed, hydrogen chloride is fixed to ammonium chloride, and so-called synthesis consisting mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Ammonium chloride produced by this method is an example of a means for recycling waste plastic, which is used as a raw material for chemical fertilizers. The above example is combined with a means for recycling waste tires and general waste (combined with the engine of this application). It is easy to configure.

Any structure using a structure that can be easily conceived from the scope of the claims described in the claims of the present application is within the scope of the right of the present application.

The present application is an engine that burns (enriched) oxygen and hydrogen separated from oxygen in the air, and is an engine that can be widely used in industry as hydrogen fuel using water as a raw material.

FIG. 2 is an example diagram of an engine combustion apparatus Z for burning oxygen and hydrogen (axial sectional view). FIG. 3 is an example diagram (axial sectional view) of an engine combustion apparatus 2c that combusts oxygen and hydrogen with a built-in (integrated) steam electrolysis apparatus F1. An example view (axial direction sectional view) of engine combustion device 2b which provided steam reforming part Ka instead of the above-mentioned steam electrolysis device F1. Fuel and the schematic configuration diagram of a hydrogen 4H ₂ generated by the engine combustion apparatus 2b provided with the steam reforming section Ka 4 sets of engine combustion apparatus. (A) Sectional drawing which looked at the fuel injection nozzle direction from the cross section of radial direction about the axial center part of the engine combustion apparatus 2b. (B) Sectional drawing which looked at the exhaust outlet direction from the cross section of the said radial direction. (A, B, E) Longitudinal cross-sectional views of the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar, (C) (D) Injection nozzle installation guidelines for injecting into the combustion chamber wall surface. From the engine combustion devices 2, 2 a, 2 ar from the rotational force extraction device 3 (via) to the electricity / hydrogen generator 4 (via) the steam reheating means WR, the engine combustion devices 2, 2 a, Schematic of the circulation loop returning into 2ar. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oxygen separator 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rotating blade body showing a cooling means for the rotating blade body of the rotational force extracting device 3. The schematic block diagram which provided the partial oxidation reaction in the said hydrogen production | generation means ZU part. The schematic block diagram of the waste plastic gasification melting furnace system made into the fuel of the said combustion apparatuses 2, 2a, 2ar which uses the hydrogen produced | generated by the engine which has the said combustion apparatus 2b (it may be 2c) as a fuel.

Claims (7)

An engine combustion apparatus Z having a structure in which water is converted into steam by heat generated by burning oxygen and hydrogen, and hydrogen is generated by reacting the steam, and oxygen and hydrogen are supplied to a combustion nozzle 2N of the combustion apparatus Z. , Is ignited by the spark plug 2P, burns in the combustion chamber NE, and receives heat directly from the combustion provided in the combustion chamber.
A water passage MHa that receives the direct heat generated by the combustion while the water provided in the heat-resistant structure part passes through the heat-resistant structure part SC, and turns the water into water vapor;
Water vapor A generating means for generating water vapor A in the water passage MHa;
Hydrogen generating means ZU provided in the outer shell of the heat-resistant structure,
A supply nozzle Zj for supplying the water vapor A to the hydrogen generation means ZU, and a secondary material for supplying the secondary material SB to be supplied from the supply nozzle Zj to the hydrogen generation means ZU and to react with water vapor in the hydrogen generation means ZU. SB supply means;
Hydrogen or a mixed gas containing hydrogen that generates hydrogen or a mixed gas containing hydrogen using any one or more of the steam A supplied to the hydrogen generating means ZU and the supplied secondary material SB; ,
A separation device for separating hydrogen from the mixed gas;
Hydrogen or a mixed gas containing hydrogen is introduced into the separator to extract hydrogen, and the obtained hydrogen is used as hydrogen for the fuel of the engine combustion device Z.
The supply nozzle Zj for supplying the steam A generated in the water passage MHa to the combustion chamber NE, and the steam A supplied from the supply nozzle Zj absorbs the heat in the combustion chamber NE and further increases the steam Aa and the steam Aa. The steam Aa is an exhaust stream 5 that is discharged downstream as exhaust together with the steam B generated by the combustion and the undecomposed steam that has not been decomposed (reformed) by the hydrogen generating means ZU;
An engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen, characterized by an engine combustion apparatus Z that burns hydrogen to produce hydrogen. The exhaust flow 5a from the combustion device Z is allowed to flow through the rotational force extraction device 3 provided downstream of the engine combustion device Z, and the exhaust flow 5a flowing through the rotational force extraction device 3 is provided in the heat resistant structure SC. An engine for burning hydrogen and oxygen, characterized in that means for returning to the water passage MHa is provided and the exhaust stream 5a is returned to the water passage MHa. A rotary wing body 3a of the rotational force extracting device 3;
A rotating blade body for converting the substantially straight exhaust flow force of the exhaust flow 5 into a rotating force, and one rotating shaft 3c for extracting the rotating force of the rotating blade body 3a;
The other rotary shaft 3c1 of the rotary shaft 3c;
An outer shell 3d of the rotational force extracting device 3;
A water passage 3MH communicating from the end of the other rotating shaft 3c1 to the outside of the rotating blade body 3a through the rotating shaft 3c1 and the rotating blade body 3a;
In the process of introducing water into the water passage 3MH and passing through the water passage, the water absorbs the heat of the rotary blade body 3a and becomes steam C, and is discharged downstream as an exhaust flow 5a after flowing through the rotational force extracting device 3. Thus, an engine for burning hydrogen and oxygen, characterized in that it is a rotational force extracting device 3 having cooling means for the rotor 3a. An electricity & hydrogen generating means 4 for generating electricity & hydrogen by introducing an exhaust flow 5a that has flowed through a rotational force extracting device 3 of an engine equipped with any of the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar, Z. ,
One or more of the heat, water vapor, and electric force Ea taken out by the rotational force take-out device 3 and the seawater of the exhaust flow 5a introduced into the means,
Steam electrolysis apparatus F1, steam electrolysis apparatus FS1, metal oxide and metal hydroxide catalyst, apparatus SY for collecting hydrogen with steam, steam reformer Ka1, hydrothermal chemical decomposition F2 or thermoelectric energy conversion apparatus DE , One or both of the technologies of heat exchanger G, fuel cell generator FD1 and seawater desalination device Wa are used or combined to generate either electricity or hydrogen, and the generated hydrogen An engine for burning hydrogen and oxygen, wherein electricity is further generated from a plurality of engines operated by operating a plurality of engines having the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar according to quantity.   The engine having the hydrogen generating means ZU is operated, and the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generating means ZU is used as a plurality of combustion apparatuses of any one of the engine combustion apparatuses 2 and 2a and 2ar not having the engine and the hydrogen generating means ZU. The hydrogen to be operated in a stand-alone manner, and one engine having hydrogen generating means ZU and a plurality of engines having no hydrogen generating means ZU in operation are operated to generate either electricity or power. An engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen. The electricity generated by the engine is stored in the battery 40 and used as the moving power of the moving body, and either the surplus electricity or the electricity generated by the operation of the engine when the moving body is not moving is used. An engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen, characterized by the fact that it is used as an electricity transfer system EaST. An engine including the engine combustion device Z is operated to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen generated by the engine is supplied to any one or more of the engine combustion devices 2, 2a, 2ar that use the fuel as an oxygen separation device 1 The oxygen separated in step 1 and the hydrogen are combusted, and one or more of water vapor, heat and electricity obtained by the combustion is supplied to the waste plastic resource recycling means as energy and steam of the waste plastic resource recycling means, and waste plastic resources An engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen, which is characterized by a reduction in production costs.

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