JP2019096104A - Vehicle management system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a vehicle management system which enables external charging of a plurality of vehicles 20 efficiently at a high turnover rate.SOLUTION: A constant current area where a constant current charge device 40 is installed and a constant voltage area where a constant voltage charge device 45 is installed are provided in a parking area. There are provided an information acquisition unit 4 and a facility management unit 5. The information acquisition unit 4 acquires information on a residual quantity of electricity remaining in a battery 25 of a vehicle 20 and on a target amount of charge which is a target value of electricity added by charging. The facility management unit 5 moves the vehicle 20 entering the parking area, with automatic operation, on the basis of the residual quantity and the target amount of charge and performs constant current charging in the constant current area or constant voltage charging in the constant voltage area.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle management system of a charging facility for charging a vehicle having an automatic driving function and a noncontact external charging function.

  Conventionally, a technology for efficiently performing external charging of an on-vehicle battery has been studied by applying automatic operation control to a vehicle equipped with a non-contact external charging device (wireless charging device). That is, after the vehicle position is automatically controlled such that the power receiving coil mounted on the lower surface of the vehicle and the power feeding coil embedded on the road surface approach each other, power is received from the power feeding coil side using electromagnetic induction or magnetic resonance. It is a technology to transmit power to the coil side. By fully automating the movement of the vehicle during external charging, the alignment accuracy of the power receiving coil on the vehicle side with respect to the feeding coil on the road surface side can be improved, and the charging efficiency can be improved.

  As a conventional specific operation method, if there is no space in the parking area in which the feeding coil of the wireless charging device is embedded, the vehicle is temporarily made to stand by at another place, and if there is space, the vehicle is automatically made. There is a method of moving to a parking area and starting charging (see Patent Document 1). In addition, a method has been proposed in which the vehicle is parked in a predetermined parking frame in advance, and the vehicle is moved from the parking position to the position of the external charging device according to the charging schedule in which the user's request is reflected. 2).

JP, 2016-141161, A JP, 2015-050877, A

  However, the above operation method is premised on charging with a single external charging device, and may not be suitable as an operation method of an external charging system installed in a large-scale parking lot. For example, in a service area or a parking area where a few hundred vehicles can be accommodated, it is desirable that a mechanism in which an unspecified number of vehicles can simultaneously carry out external charging. In addition, the service area and the parking area are often only one of the passing points where you stop by at the way to the destination, and there is a situation where the residence time becomes unnecessarily long due to queue waiting for external charging I want to avoid it.

  For example, some vehicles that charge externally in the service area may want to charge the battery to a fully charged state for long distance travel of 200 km or more, while some vehicles may require a light charge to ensure a travel distance of approximately 20 km. . On the other hand, in the conventional operation method, the battery is often charged until the battery is fully charged regardless of the amount of power actually required by the occupant, and the waiting time tends to be long. Therefore, it is possible to change the amount of charge according to the convenience of the user and the traveling plan of each vehicle, instead of simply using a uniform operation method to fully charge all the vehicles to the fully charged state (state with 100% charge). It is desirable to do so. From such a point of view, the conventional external charging system has room for improvement.

  One of the objects of the present invention was conceived in view of the problems as described above, and by providing a vehicle management system of a charging facility which can efficiently charge a plurality of vehicles with high rotation rate. is there. The present invention is not limited to this object, and it is an operation and effect derived from each configuration shown in the “embodiments to be described later”, and it is also possible to exert an operation and effect that can not be obtained by the prior art. It can be positioned as a goal.

  (1) The disclosed vehicle management system is a vehicle management system of a charging facility that charges a vehicle equipped with an automatic driving function and a noncontact external charging function. The system has a parking area having a constant current area in which a constant current charging device for performing constant current charging is installed in the vehicle, and a constant voltage area in which a constant voltage charging device for performing constant voltage charging in the vehicle is installed. It has an area. Moreover, the information acquisition part which acquires the information of the target charge amount which is the target value of the residual amount of the electric charge which remains in the battery of the said vehicle, and the electric charge added by the said charge is provided. Furthermore, based on the remaining amount and the target charge amount, the vehicle entering the parking area is moved by automatic driving, and the constant current charge in the constant current area or the constant voltage charge in the constant voltage area is It has a facility management unit to be implemented.

(2) The facility management unit performs the constant voltage charging in the constant voltage area when the remaining amount of the vehicle entering the parking area is equal to or greater than a first reference value set in advance, Preferably, the constant current charging is performed in the constant current area when the amount is less than the first reference value.
(3) A value obtained by adding the target charge amount to the remaining amount before charge for the vehicle for which constant current charge is performed in the constant current area is not less than a second reference value set in advance for the vehicle in which the facility management unit performs constant current charge Preferably, the vehicle is also moved to the constant voltage area, and the vehicle is charged only in the constant current area when the target charge amount is less than the second reference value.

(4) A detection unit for detecting the number of vehicles present in the constant current area is provided, and the facility management unit sets the value of the second reference value lower as the number detected by the detection unit increases. It is preferable to do.
(5) It is preferable that the number of parking / stopping frames in the constant voltage area is larger than the number of parking / stopping frames in the constant current area.

(6) A vehicle detection unit for detecting the number of vehicles present in each area in the parking area is provided, and the facility management unit moves the vehicles by the automatic driving based on the number of vehicles in each area. Is preferred.
(7) An inter-facility communication unit sharing the information of the number by communication with another charging facility existing in the vicinity of the charging facility, the facility management unit acquiring the information of the target charge amount It is preferable that the congestion condition estimated from the information of the number in the other charging facility be presented to the vehicle occupant.

(8) The parking area has a complete area where the vehicle parks after charging in the constant current area or the constant voltage area, and the facility management unit completes the vehicle where the external charging is completed as the complete area It is preferable to move by automatic driving.
(9) Each of the constant current area and the constant voltage area has a plurality of passages connecting the inlet and the outlet in parallel, and a front end is in contact with one of the passages and a rear end is in contact with the other passage It is preferable to have a plurality of parking and stopping frames arranged in

  A constant current area and a constant voltage area are provided in the parking area, and the vehicle is automatically moved to the area according to the remaining amount of battery and the target charge amount to charge the battery, thereby improving the operation rate of the charging device. Thus, external charging can be efficiently performed, and an unspecified number of vehicles can be efficiently charged.

It is a top view which shows the parking area of the vehicle management system of this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the relationship between the motion of a vehicle, and control content. It is a graph for demonstrating the electric energy change of the battery at the time of charge. It is a block block diagram of a vehicle management system. It is an example of a confirmation screen transmitted to a vehicle approaching a charging facility and an occupant. It is a timing chart for operation explanation of a vehicle management system. It is a flow chart about application of charge. It is a flow chart about control of automatic operation.

  Hereinafter, a vehicle management system of a charging facility as an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments shown below are merely illustrative, and there is no intention to exclude the application of various modifications and techniques that are not specified in the following embodiments. Each structure of this embodiment can be variously modified and implemented in the range which does not deviate from those meaning. Also, they can be selected as needed or can be combined as appropriate.

[1. Facility Configuration]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a parking area 10 in a vehicle management system of the present embodiment. A charging facility 14 having a parking area 10 is provided, for example, in a parking area such as a parking area (PA) of an expressway, a service area (SA), a roadside station, a shopping mall, a commercial facility, a city hall and the like. In the parking area 10, three sections of a constant current area 11, a constant voltage area 12, and a completion area 13 are provided as charging areas. Each of the areas 11 to 13 has a sufficient size for parking and stopping the plurality of vehicles 20, and is provided with a plurality of parking and stopping frames (lots). Note that, as shown in FIG. 1, a general parking area may be provided in the parking area 10 for parking and stopping a vehicle that is not charged.

  The constant current area 11 is a section where the vehicle 20 before charging stands by, and is a section where constant current charging can be performed. In constant current area 11, an entrance of parking area 10 is provided. Therefore, the area where the vehicle 20 that has entered the interior from the outside of the parking area 10 first breaks down is the constant current area 11. Further, in the constant current area 11, a constant current charging device 40 for performing constant current charging on the vehicle 20 is installed. A feed coil 44 for wireless constant current charging is embedded in all parking and stopping frames provided in the constant current area 11.

  The constant voltage area 12 is a section in which constant voltage charging is performed. In the constant voltage area 12, a constant voltage charging device 45 for performing constant voltage charging on the vehicle 20 is installed. In all the parking and stopping frames provided in the constant voltage area 12, the feeding coils 49 for wireless constant voltage charging are embedded. The parking frame of the constant voltage area 12 is set more than the parking and stopping frame of the constant current area 11. The reason is that constant voltage charging takes longer than constant current charging. By increasing the number of parking and stopping frames for constant voltage charging, the number of constant voltage charging per unit time increases. Thereby, the constant voltage charge number per unit time approaches the constant current charge number per unit time, and the rotation rate of external charge in the charging facility 14 increases.

The completion area 13 is a section in which the vehicle 20 after charging stays. In the completion area 13, an exit of the parking area 10 is provided. In addition, since it is also conceivable that the vehicle 20 entering the parking area 10 leaves without charging, it is preferable to provide an outlet in the constant current area 11 as well.
Hereinafter, when the vehicles 20 (parked / stopped) present in the respective areas 11 to 13 are described separately from each other, the constant current vehicles 51 and the constant voltage vehicles are matched to the names of the respective areas 11 to 13 52, called a complete vehicle 53.

  The flow line layout of the vehicle 20 in the parking area 10 of the present embodiment makes the backward operation when all the parking and stopping frames are parked and stopped so that the vehicle 20 is controlled as automatically as possible in view of automatic operation control. The layout is not required. That is, each parking and stopping frame can be moved in and out without the vehicle 20 backing up. In the layout of FIG. 1, all the passages in each of the areas 11 to 13 are one way. Each of the constant current area 11, the constant voltage area 12, and the completion area 13 has a plurality of paths connecting the inlet and the outlet of each area in parallel. All the parking and stopping frames are arranged such that the front end side thereof contacts one passage and the rear end side contacts the other passage. With such a layout, the flow line for passing the start point and the end point of each of the areas 11 to 13 and any parking and stopping frame is one way, and it is not necessary to move the vehicle 20 backward in the hall, and the vehicle 20 can be efficiently It becomes possible to move and charge. It should be noted that the flow lines and passages referred to here may be defined by lines drawn on the road surface (such as white lines and arrows), and there is no need to physically restrict traffic.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic view for explaining the relationship between the movement of the vehicle 20 and the control content in this embodiment. The vehicle management system of the present embodiment includes the management device 1 installed in the parking area 10 of the charging facility 14, the constant current charging device 40 installed in the constant current area 11, and the constant voltage installed in the constant voltage area 12. And a charging device 45. The management apparatus 1 uses wireless communication with the vehicle 20 or wireless communication with a smartphone 30 (communication terminal) carried by an occupant (user) of the vehicle 20 to perform automatic driving control and contactless operation. Implement external charge control. The management device 1 is provided one by one at one charging facility 14. It is assumed that the smartphone 30 is linked in advance to the vehicle 20 of the occupant possessing the smartphone 30 through a predetermined authentication procedure (account authentication) and a connection procedure (pairing).

  The vehicle management system of this embodiment has a function of performing wireless external charging according to the preference or desire of the occupant of the vehicle 20 by automatic driving. As shown in FIG. 2, the present system is capable of performing not only charging combining constant current charging and constant voltage charging, but also performing only constant current charging or only constant voltage charging. The type of external charging to be performed is determined according to the amount of power of the battery 25 mounted on the vehicle 20.

  FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the change in the amount of power of the battery 25 from the start of external charging to the end thereof. Here, the magnitude of the electric energy is classified into three regions (ranges) by two threshold values (first reference value, second reference value), and the LOW range, MID range, HIGH in order from the smaller amount of electric energy It is called a range. When charging from the LOW range to the HIGH range as in Curve A, charging in which constant current charging and constant voltage charging are combined is performed. On the other hand, when charging from the LOW range to the MID range is completed as in Curve B, only constant current charging is performed. Further, as shown by curve C, a certain amount of power remains at the time of starting charging, and only constant voltage charging is performed when charging from the MID range to the HIGH range.

  A flow of movement and control of the vehicle 20 in the parking area 10 will be described. First, an occupant of the vehicle 20 stops the vehicle 20 at an arbitrary parking and stopping frame in the constant current area 11 and applies the external charging to the management device 1 using the smartphone 30 (or from the vehicle 20). The management device 1 confirms the vehicle 20 to be charged and the charge amount, and sets the charge start time and the target charge amount in consideration of the charge amount and the congestion state desired by the occupant. Thereafter, the passenger may dismount and move to a commercial facility, a toilet, an entertainment facility, or the like, or may take a break in the vehicle. Thereafter, the position of the vehicle 20 is automatically managed by the management device 1.

  When performing constant current charging, the management device 1 causes the constant current charging device 40 to perform wireless charging. The constant current charging device 40 carries out constant current charging by supplying power to the power receiving coil 26 of the vehicle 20 via the power feeding coil 44. Thereafter, when constant voltage charging is performed, the vehicle 20 is moved to the constant voltage area 12 to cause the constant voltage charging device 45 to perform wireless charging. The constant voltage charging device 45 carries out constant voltage charging by supplying power to the power receiving coil 26 of the vehicle 20 via the power feeding coil 49. The vehicle 20 which has been externally charged is transferred to the completion area 13 and information to that effect is transmitted to the smartphone 30 of the occupant. In response to this, the passenger gets on the vehicle 20 parked in the completion area 13 and exits the parking area 10.

  In many of the existing quick charging facilities (for example, 50 kW output type quick chargers), the occupant can set the charging time in minutes. On the other hand, many occupants want to keep the charging rate as high as possible during charging, and the amount of charge per unit time is relatively small, so the upper limit (for example, 30 minutes) of continuous charging time is the substantial charging time. It has become. However, in order to increase the rotation rate of the vehicle 20 at the charging facility 14, it is desirable to reduce the amount of one charge to shorten the continuous charging time and to charge frequently (increase the charging frequency). Therefore, the vehicle management system of the present embodiment provides a mechanism for promoting the operation of the vehicle 20 with the minimum necessary charge amount.

[2. Hardware configuration]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a vehicle management system. The system includes a management device 1, a vehicle 20, a smartphone 30, a constant current charging device 40, and a constant voltage charging device 45.
The management device 1 is an electronic computer (computer) having a function of managing the vehicle 20, the constant current charging device 40, and the constant voltage charging device 45 present in the parking area 10. The management device 1 incorporates a processor (central processing unit), a memory (main memory), a storage device (storage), an interface device, etc., and is mutually connected via an internal bus. Further, the management device 1 also has a function of communicating with another management device 1 that manages another parking area 10 via an external network 9. The network 9 is a generic term of a wired or wireless communication network formed using, for example, a wireless communication network (carrier network) of a communication carrier or the Internet.

  The vehicle 20 is an electric vehicle (electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid vehicle, etc.) equipped with a drive motor powered by a battery 25 and has an automatic driving function and a noncontact external charging function. The battery 25 is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery or a nickel hydrogen battery, and can be charged (externally charged) by the constant current charging device 40 or the constant voltage charging device 45. On the lower surface side of the vehicle 20, a power reception coil 26 for wireless charging is provided. The state of charge by the power receiving coil 26 is controlled by the external charge control device 21 (electronic control device, computer). The wireless charging method of this embodiment is of magnetic resonance type (magnetic field resonance type, magnetic field coupling type). The power receiving coil 26 is capable of receiving high frequency power (for example, power of LF band frequency of about 30 to 300 [kHz]), and between the battery 25 and the power receiving coil 26, a resonant capacitor, a rectifier, a transformer, etc. Be disguised. By controlling the transformer, the charging voltage and the charging current of the battery 25 can be changed.

  The devices to be controlled during automatic operation of the vehicle 20 are the drive source 27, the brake device 28, the steering device 29, etc. The state of the automatic operation is controlled by the automatic operation control device 22 (electronic control device, computer) Ru. Further, the vehicle 20 is provided with a positioning device 23 and a communication device 24. The positioning device 23 is an electronic control device for measuring the position of the vehicle 20 based on detection information such as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System, Global Positioning Satellite System), vehicle speed sensor, steering angle sensor, yaw rate sensor and the like.

  The communication device 24 is an electronic control device for communicating with the management device 1 and the smartphone 30 via the network 9. Each of the external charge control device 21, the automatic driving control device 22, the positioning device 23, and the communication device 24 may be provided as an independent electronic control device, or may be provided as an integral electronic control device. The electronic control unit referred to herein includes, for example, a processor (central processing unit), a memory (main memory), a storage unit (storage), an interface unit, and the like, which are mutually connected via an internal bus.

  The smartphone 30 is a portable communication device possessed by an occupant of the vehicle 20, and also has a function as an electronic computer (computer). As is well known, the smartphone 30 incorporates a processor (central processing unit), a memory (main memory), a storage device (storage), an interface device, etc., and is mutually connected via an internal bus. Further, in the smartphone 30, an input / output control device 31, a communication device 32, a display 33, and a touch panel 34 are incorporated. The information displayed on the display 33 and the operation input information to the touch panel 34 are controlled by the input / output control device 31. The communication device 32 is an electronic control device for communicating with the management device 1 and the vehicle 20 via the network 9.

  In the present embodiment, the smartphone 30 is used in order for the occupant of the vehicle 20 to apply a reservation for external charging to the management device 1 or to confirm the charge state of the vehicle 20 and the automatic driving state. The communication target of the smartphone 30 may include at least the vehicle 20. That is, the information exchange between the smartphone 30 and the management device 1 may be realized via the vehicle 20 or a direct connection may be realized via the network 9. Note that, instead of the smartphone 30, it is also possible to use electronic devices (gadgets) such as a mobile phone, a tablet terminal, a laptop computer, a music player, a portable game machine and the like.

  The constant current charging device 40 and the constant voltage charging device 45 are devices that perform wireless charging of the magnetic resonance type, and also have a function as an electronic computer (computer). The constant current charging device 40 performs wireless charging so that the power supplied to the battery 25 of the vehicle 20 is constant current. On the other hand, the constant voltage charging device 45 performs wireless charging so that the power supplied to the battery 25 of the vehicle 20 has a constant voltage. The constant current charging device 40 is provided with a power feeding control device 41, a communication device 42, a high frequency power supply 43, and a power feeding coil 44. The constant voltage charging device 45 is provided with a power feeding control device 46, a communication device 47, a high frequency power supply 48, power feeding. A coil 49 is provided.

  For example, a processor (central processing unit), a memory (main memory), a storage device (storage), an interface device, etc. are built in the power supply control devices 41 and 46 included in the respective charging devices 40 and 45, and via the internal bus These are connected to one another. The operating states of the high frequency power supplies 43 and 48 and the feeding coils 44 and 49 are controlled by the feeding control devices 41 and 46. The communication devices 42 and 47 are electronic control devices for communicating with the management device 1 via the network 9. These charging devices 40 and 45 may be any devices that can exchange information with at least the management device 1. Therefore, instead of wireless communication, a device configuration connected to the management device 1 by wire (cable) may be adopted.

[3. Software configuration]
In the storage device of the management device 1, software (program) for performing automatic driving control of the vehicle 20 and external charging control is installed. Further, the management device 1 is provided with a vehicle detection unit 2, an inter-facility communication unit 3, an information acquisition unit 4, a facility management unit 5, and an occupant communication unit 6. These are the functions of the management apparatus 1 classified for convenience, and each element may be described as an independent program, or may be described as a compound program combining these functions. . These programs are stored in memory or storage and executed by a processor. Alternatively, these programs are recorded on a recording medium (removable medium) such as an optical disk or a semiconductor memory, and read and executed on the memory via a recording medium drive.

  The vehicle detection unit 2 (detection unit) detects information on the number and position of each vehicle 20 present in the parking area 10. Here, information on the number and position of each vehicle 20 located in each of the areas 11 to 13 of the parking area 10 is detected. When the parking area 10 is outdoors, each vehicle 20 can present position information (for example, GNSS positioning information) detected by each vehicle 20 from each vehicle 20. Also, information on the position of each vehicle 20 may be detected using radar devices installed at various places in the parking area 10. The vehicle detection unit 2 of the present embodiment detects the position of each vehicle 20 based on the image of the monitoring camera 16 installed in the parking area 10, and detects the number of vehicles 20 in each of the areas 11-13.

  The inter-facility communication unit 3 communicates with other charging facilities 14 existing in the vicinity of the charging facility 14 (own facility) in which the management apparatus 1 is installed. It shares 20 pieces of information. “Nearby” as used herein means that the vehicle 20 is within a range where it can travel without stopping by the charging facility 14, and is, for example, within a circular range of several hundred kilometers in radius. In the inter-facility communication unit 3, the name information of the nearby charging facility 14, the distance information to the charging facility 14, and the number information of the charging facility 14 are stored as a "number database". Further, the number information of the vehicles 20 is updated in real time by communication via the network 9. Data stored in the number database of the inter-facility communication unit 3 will be exemplified below.

  The information acquisition unit 4 acquires information necessary for the external charging of the vehicle 20. Here, information such as the battery capacity of the battery 25 (maximum value of charge amount), the amount of power remaining in the battery 25 (remaining battery amount), and the power cost of the vehicle 20 (travel distance per unit power amount) are acquired. As necessary, information such as a car type specific number, a car type name, a car body number (car number), license plate information, and a current position (the position of the own vehicle which the vehicle 20 grasps itself) is also acquired.

  In addition, the information acquisition unit 4 presents the occupant with the congestion status of the nearby charging facility 14, and asks the occupant where to plan the next scheduled charging location, using the smartphone 30 (or communication of the vehicle 20) Control using the device 24 to input a response is performed, and a charging schedule is set. The congestion status presented to the occupant here can be estimated from the number information stored in the number database of the inter-facility communication unit 3. For example, the congestion rate of the constant voltage area 12 can be expressed as a percentage of the number of constant voltage vehicles 52 with respect to the number of parking / stop frames in the constant voltage area 12 (that is, the maximum number of parkable vehicles). Further, the higher the congestion rate of the constant current area 11, the easier it is for the congestion rate of the constant voltage area 12 and the completion area 13 to increase, and the higher the congestion rate of the completion area 13, the higher the congestion rate of the constant current area 11 and the constant voltage area 12 It is expected to be less likely to decline. As described above, the information acquisition unit 4 predicts the present congestion degree and the transition of the congestion degree in the future based on the number information of the areas 11 to 13 and presents the result of the expectation to the occupant.

  FIG. 5 is a screen example of a crowded state that the information acquisition unit 4 causes the smartphone 30 (or the in-vehicle display of the vehicle 20) of the occupant to display. In this example, the distance to the charging facility 14 (another SA or PA) in the vicinity of the own facility (Okazaki SA) and the number information of the vehicles 20 in each charging facility 14 are displayed on the road map. The icon (face mark) corresponding to the congestion degree of is displayed. The occupant inputs the next charging planned location suitable for the future traveling schedule by touch operation while confirming the congestion status of the plurality of charging facilities 14 with the number information and the icons.

  With such a user interface, the next planned charging location desired by the occupant can be easily identified, and the target charging amount can be calculated. For example, by dividing the distance to the next planned charging location by the electricity cost of the vehicle 20, the required amount of power required to travel to the planned charging location is calculated as the target charging amount. Alternatively, a target charge amount may be obtained by adding a predetermined reserve power amount to the required power amount. In addition, when the target charge amount is calculated and acquired, it is decided that the external charging will be performed in the charging facility 14, and the time required for the external charging can be predicted, and the application of the external charging is formally form the management device 1 To be accepted.

  The charging schedule is set based on the congestion status of each of the areas 11 to 13 and the target charging amount. When there is a vacancy in the constant current area 11 or the constant voltage area 12, charging can be started immediately at that time, so the charging start time is taken as the time of that time. Further, the charge completion time is a time when a charge time corresponding to the target charge amount has elapsed. On the other hand, if there is no space in the parking and stopping frame, external charging is performed after the space is created. In this case, the waiting time until the charging start time can be calculated based on the number of vehicles 20 present in the constant current area 11 and the constant voltage area 12 and the target charge amount of each vehicle 20.

  When setting the content of the charging schedule, constant current charging is first scheduled if the remaining battery level at entry is less than the first reference value. In addition, constant voltage charging is scheduled after that only when the value obtained by adding the target charge amount to the battery remaining amount at entrance (that is, the battery power amount after charge) is equal to or greater than the second reference value. . That is, when the battery power after charging is less than the second reference value, only constant current charging is scheduled. On the other hand, when the remaining battery level at the time of entrance is equal to or greater than the first reference value, only constant voltage charging is scheduled from the beginning. The second reference value is a value larger than the first reference value.

  The second reference value described above is a variable value according to the congestion state of the charging facility 14. That is, the second reference value is set low (small value) when the charging facility 14 is congested, and the second reference value is set high (large value) when the charging facility 14 is vacant. In the present embodiment, as the number of constant current vehicles 51 present in the constant current area 11 increases, the second reference value is set to be lower. With such a setting, the constant current charging is terminated earlier (the control is rounded up) as the venue gets more crowded, so the rate of rotation of external charging in the charging facility 14 is increased.

  The facility management unit 5 manages automatic driving and external charging of each vehicle 20 for which external charging has been reserved. Here, automatic driving and external charging of each vehicle 20 are performed according to the charging schedule. Before starting the automatic driving of the vehicle 20, the facility management unit 5 first acquires, from the vehicle 20, information on the implementation conditions of the automatic driving. Specific examples of the information acquired here include information on the locking state of the door lock switch, information on the operating state of the ignition switch (main switch), and information on the operating position of the select lever. During automatic driving control, in addition to these pieces of information, information on steering information, driving force, braking force, etc. of the steering wheel is acquired, and during external charging, the amount of charge at that time (the current amount of charge) is obtained. Be done.

  The facility management unit 5 also performs control to automatically move each vehicle 20 in the parking area 10 based on the number of areas 11 to 13. When performing both constant current charging and constant voltage charging, the vehicle 20 is transferred in the order of "flowing work" in the order of the constant current area 11, the constant voltage area 12, and the completion area 13. The movement from the constant current area 11 to the constant voltage area 12 is performed at least when there is a parking / stopping frame of the constant voltage area 12. Similarly, the movement from the constant voltage area 12 to the completion area 13 is performed at least when the parking lot frame of the completion area 13 is vacant.

  In addition, as long as all the vehicles 20 are charged according to a charge schedule, vacant space should arise in the parking / stopping frame of the constant voltage area 12 at the charge start time. However, if the constant voltage vehicle 52 can not move to the completion area 13 due to the delay in leaving the completed vehicle 53, the constant voltage area 12 may be full at the charge start time. In view of the possibility of occurrence of such a situation, when moving each vehicle 20 in the parking area 10 by automatic driving, it is preferable to check the space of the parking lot frame each time. Moreover, when there is no vacancy of a parking lot frame, it is preferable to notify the passenger's smartphone 30 that charging start and charging completion may be delayed.

  The facility management unit 5 also causes the constant current charging device 40 to perform constant current charging (wireless charging) for the vehicle 20 located in the constant current area 11. For a vehicle located in the constant voltage area 12, the constant voltage charging device 45 performs constant voltage charging (wireless charging). The external charging is performed based on the amount of power (charge) charged in the battery 25 and the amount of power remaining in the battery 25 (remaining battery). When only constant current charging or constant voltage charging is performed, external charging is continued until the amount of charge reaches the target amount of charge. When constant voltage charging is performed after constant current charging, constant current charging is performed until the remaining battery level reaches the second reference value, and then vehicle 20 is moved and then constant voltage charging is performed. Do.

  The occupant communication unit 6 provides the occupants of the vehicle 20 with information regarding the state of implementation of external charging and automatic driving. Here, information such as start and end of automatic driving, start and end of external charge, charge amount change during external charge, etc. is transmitted to the smartphone 30 of the occupant. The passenger can grasp the state of the vehicle 20 one by one while leaving the vehicle 20 and spending time in a commercial facility or entertainment facility.

[4. Time chart]
FIG. 6 is a time chart for illustrating the flow of control from when the vehicle 20 enters the charging facility 14 until when the vehicle exits. When the vehicle 20 enters the parking area 10, the motion of the vehicle 20 is captured by the monitoring camera 16 installed in the parking area 10 and recognized by the management device 1. The occupant of the vehicle 20 parks the vehicle 20 in a favorite parking and stopping frame of the constant current area 11 and applies the external charging to the management device 1 by the smartphone 30. Alternatively, the application may be made before the vehicle 20 is parked in the parking and stopping frame. At the time of this application, for example, information on the location where the vehicle 20 is parked (number of parking and stopping frame) and information such as the desired charge amount are transmitted to the management device 1.

  The management apparatus 1 that has received the application confirms the presence of the vehicle 20 linked to the smart phone 30 from the number of the parking / stopping frame transmitted from the occupant, the video of the monitoring camera, and the like. In addition, the information on the congestion status of the other charging facilities 14 present in the vicinity of the own facility is transmitted to the smartphone 30, and the next planned charging place is input. On the other hand, the vehicle 20 is requested to present various types of information, and information such as a model specific number, a model name, a current position, a battery capacity of the battery 25, current charge amount (remaining battery level), and electricity cost is acquired.

  A screen of a crowded state as shown in FIG. 5 is displayed on the smartphone 30 of the occupant, and the occupant can select the next planned charging location by a touch operation. When the next planned charging location is selected, the information is transmitted from the smartphone 30 to the management device 1, and the target charging amount is calculated based on the distance to the location and the electricity cost of the vehicle 20. At this point, the application for external charging is formally accepted by the management device 1. The information acquisition unit 4 of the management device 1 sets the content of the charging schedule based on the battery remaining amount and the target charge amount, and presents the content to the occupant via the smartphone 30.

  Further, after confirming that the execution conditions of the automatic driving are satisfied, the management device 1 starts the automatic driving control of the vehicle 20. Thus, the vehicle 20 moves to the parking and stopping frame of the constant current area 11. When the vehicle 20 is already parked in the parking and stopping frame of the constant current area 11, this movement is unnecessary. When the vehicle 20 arrives at the parking and stopping frame of the constant current area 11, the vehicle 20 notifies the management device 1 of the completion of the movement. In response to this, the management device 1 instructs the constant current charging device 40 to start constant current charging, and notifies the smartphone 30 that external charging has been started. Here, the passenger may leave the vehicle 20 and spend at a commercial facility, an entertainment facility, etc. outside the vehicle.

  The constant current charging device 40 performs wireless charging while monitoring the current charge amount of the battery 25 of the vehicle 20, and notifies the management device 1 of the progress. The information on the progress is also communicated from the management device 1 to the smartphone 30. Further, when the current charge amount of the battery 25 reaches the second reference value, the external charge control device 21 of the vehicle 20 transmits information to that effect to the constant current charge device 40, receiving the constant current charge device 40. Stops the constant current charging and reports the completion of the constant current charging to the management device 1.

  The management device 1 requests the vehicle 20 for information on the locked state of the door lock switch, the operation position of the select lever, and the like. When the vehicle 20 transmits these pieces of information to the management device 1, the management device 1 confirms that the execution conditions of the automatic driving are satisfied, and then starts the automatic driving control of the vehicle 20. Thereby, the vehicle 20 moves from the constant current area 11 to a vacant parking and stopping frame of the constant voltage area 12. Also, the management device 1 notifies the smartphone 30 that automatic operation control has been started.

  When the vehicle 20 arrives at the parking and stopping frame of the constant voltage area 12, the vehicle 20 notifies the management device 1 of the completion of the movement. In response to this, the management device 1 transmits information on the target charge amount to the constant voltage charging device 45, instructs start of wireless charging, and notifies the smartphone 30 that external charging has been started. The constant voltage charging device 45 performs wireless charging while monitoring the current charge amount of the battery 25 of the vehicle 20, and notifies the management device 1 of the progress. The information on the progress is also communicated from the management device 1 to the smartphone 30.

  When the amount of charged power reaches the target amount of charge, the constant voltage charging device 45 notifies the management device 1 of the completion of charging. In response to this, the management device 1 starts automatic operation control of the vehicle 20 on condition that the parking / stopping frame of the completion area 13 has a vacancy. Thereby, the vehicle 20 moves from the constant voltage area 12 to the vacant parking and stopping frame of the completion area 13. At this time, the management device 1 notifies the smartphone 30 that automatic operation control has been started again, and that the vehicle 20 will soon be ready to start.

  When the vehicle 20 arrives at the parking and stopping frame of the completion area 13, the vehicle 20 notifies the management apparatus 1 of the completion of the movement. In response to this, the management device 1 notifies the smartphone 30 that external charging has been completed. The passenger who has received the notification gets on the vehicle 20 and exits. The fact that the vehicle 20 has left the parking area 10 is recognized by the management device 1 based on the image of the monitoring camera 16. Thereby, the management work of the management device 1 for the vehicle 20 is completed.

[5. flowchart]
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an application procedure of external charging. The content of this flow corresponds to the control content from when the occupant of the vehicle 20 entering the charging facility 14 applies for external charging until when the charging schedule is determined. First, it is determined by the management device 1 whether or not an application for external charging has been received from an occupant of the vehicle 20 (step A1), and when an application for external charging has not been received, the present flow ends. On the other hand, when the application for external charging is received, the information acquiring unit 4 presents the congestion status of the nearby charging facility 14 to the smartphone 30 of the occupant based on the number database stored in the inter-facility communication unit 3 (step A2). As a result, the passenger can select the next planned charging location while referring to the congestion status of the nearby charging facility 14.

  The information acquisition unit 4 requests the vehicle 20 to present various information (vehicle type specific number, model name, current position, battery capacity of the battery 25, current charge amount, electricity cost, etc.), and acquires those information (step A3) ). Also, as a response from the occupant, information on the next planned charging location is acquired (step A4). Further, the target charge amount is calculated based on the distance from the own facility to the next planned charging location and the electricity cost of the vehicle 20 (step A5). As a result, the amount of power at the start of charging (the remaining amount of battery at the time of entrance) as shown in FIG. 3 and the amount of battery power after charging are determined.

  Thereafter, the information acquisition unit 4 sets the content of the charging schedule based on the remaining battery level at the time of entrance and the battery power after charging. That is, it is determined whether the battery remaining amount is equal to or more than the first reference value (step A6), and when this condition is satisfied, only constant voltage charging is scheduled (step A10). On the other hand, when the battery remaining amount is less than the first reference value, the number of constant current vehicles 51 present in the constant current area 11 is referred to (step A7), and the second reference value is set according to the number. (Step A8). The second reference value is set to a lower value (smaller value) as the number of the constant current vehicles 51 increases.

  Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the battery power after charging is equal to or greater than the second reference value (step A9). If this condition is satisfied, a schedule for constant voltage charging after constant current charging is selected. It sets (step A11). On the other hand, when the battery power after charging is less than the second reference value, only constant current charging is scheduled (step A12). The charging schedule set here is displayed on the display 33 of the smartphone 30 of the occupant (step A13).

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure of the automatic driving and the external charging.
First, it is determined whether or not constant current charging is included in the charging schedule (step B1). If constant current charging is not included, control is skipped to step B6. On the other hand, when the constant current charging is included, the management device 1 sends an instruction to the constant current charging device 40 (step B2) to carry out the constant current charging. During constant current charging, it is determined whether a charge completion condition is satisfied (step B3), and constant current charging is continued until this condition is satisfied. The charge completion condition is that the charge amount reaches the target charge amount or that the battery power amount after charge becomes equal to or greater than the second reference value.

  When the charge completion condition is satisfied, after confirming that the execution condition of the automatic operation is satisfied (step B4), it is determined whether constant-voltage charging is included in the charge schedule (step B5). Here, if constant-voltage charging is not included in the charging schedule, control is skipped to step B12. On the other hand, when constant voltage charging is included in the charging schedule, information on the number of constant voltage areas 12 is acquired (step B6), and it is determined whether there is a space in the parking / stopping frame of constant voltage areas 12 (Step B7). Here, when there is no vacancy in the parking / stopping frame of the constant voltage area 12, the occupant communicator 6 informs the passenger's smartphone 30 that the completion of charging may be delayed (step B9), and the vacancy comes out. The vehicle 20 is made to stand by in the constant current area 11 until the current.

  On the other hand, when there is a vacancy in the parking / stopping frame of the constant voltage area 12, the facility management unit 5 carries out automatic operation control to move the vehicle 20 from the constant current area 11 to the constant voltage area 12, and the automatic operation control again The operator's smartphone 30 is notified of the start (step B8). Thereafter, when the vehicle 20 arrives at the parking and stopping frame of the constant voltage area 12, the management device 1 sends an instruction to the constant voltage charging device 45 (step B10), and performs constant voltage charging. Also during execution of constant voltage charging, it is determined whether a charging completion condition is satisfied (step B11), and constant voltage charging is continued until this condition is satisfied. The charge completion condition is that the charge amount reaches the target charge amount.

  When the charge completion condition is satisfied, information on the number of units in the completion area 13 is acquired (step B12), and it is determined whether there is a space in the parking / stopping frame of the completion area 13 (step B13). Here, if there is no vacancy in the parking / stopping frame of the completion area 13, the occupant communicator 6 informs the occupant's smartphone 30 that the charging completion may be delayed (step B15), until the vacancy is reached. The vehicle 20 is made to stand by in the constant voltage area 12. On the other hand, when the parking / stopping frame of the completion area 13 has a vacancy, the facility management unit 5 carries out automatic operation control to move the vehicle 20 from the constant voltage area 12 to the completion area 13 (step B14). Thereafter, when the vehicle 20 arrives at the parking and stopping frame of the completion area 13, the occupant communication unit 6 notifies the smartphone 30 of the occupant that all the charging schedules have been completed. Further, when it is confirmed that the vehicle 20 has left the parking area 10, the control is ended.

  In addition, regarding the control of step B12, when the occupant is in the vehicle 20 or when the occupant stands by in the vicinity of the vehicle 20, the automatic driving from the constant voltage area 12 to the completion area 13 is omitted. Alternatively, the occupant may get on the vehicle 20 in the constant voltage area 12 and leave it. In this case, the occupant may manually cancel the automatic driving mode and drive the vehicle 20 to the exit. Further, as a condition for starting the control of step B12, it may be confirmed that no occupant is present in the vicinity of the vehicle 20. This condition is accurately determined by analyzing the monitoring camera image in the parking area 10 or estimating the distance between the occupant and the vehicle 20 using the keyless operation system mounted on the vehicle 20. be able to.

[6. Action, effect]
(1) In the vehicle management system of the charging facility 14 described above, the constant current area 11 and the constant voltage area 12 are provided in the parking area 10, and the movement of the vehicle 20 according to the remaining amount of the battery 25 and the target charge amount Charge condition is optimized. For example, only constant current charging is performed on the vehicle 20 which requires light charging. Further, only constant voltage charging is performed on the vehicle 20 having a high battery level. By automating the proper use of such constant current charging and constant voltage charging, the operating rate of the charging devices 40 and 45 can be increased and external charging can be efficiently performed, and the unspecified number of vehicles 20 can be made more efficient. It can be charged at a high rotation rate well. In addition, since an expensive charging device for realizing constant current charging and constant voltage charging with one charging device is not necessary, it is possible to reduce the initial cost of the charging facility 14 and the cost for maintenance.

  (2) In the vehicle management system described above, the external charging to be performed first is selected from constant current charging and constant voltage charging according to the remaining amount of the battery 25. That is, if the remaining amount of the battery 25 is large, by performing constant voltage charging in the constant voltage area, it is possible to charge the battery 25 slowly while protecting it from overvoltage. On the other hand, if the remaining amount of the battery 25 is small, the amount of electricity can be replenished in a short time by performing the constant current charging in the constant current area. Therefore, a plurality of vehicles can be efficiently charged at a high rotation rate.

  (3) In the vehicle management system described above, constant voltage charging is performed after constant current charging according to a value obtained by adding the target charge amount to the remaining amount of the battery 25 before charging (that is, battery power after charging). Whether to do or not is selected. For example, even if the battery 25 of the vehicle 20 is not fully charged, if a certain amount of power is secured, only constant current charging is performed by omitting time-consuming constant voltage charging. There is. Such control makes it possible to shorten the average charging time per unit as compared to the existing charging system, and to charge an unspecified number of vehicles 20 efficiently at a high rotation rate.

  (4) In the vehicle management system described above, the second reference value is changed in accordance with the number of constant current vehicles 51 present in the constant current area 11. For example, if the number of constant current vehicles 51 is large, the second reference value is set low. That is, in the situation where the constant current area 11 is congested, the constant current charging is ended earlier, and the transition to the constant voltage charging or the charging is ended. Such control can increase the rate of rotation of external charging in the charging facility 14.

  (5) In the above vehicle management system, as shown in FIG. 1, the number of parking / stopping frames in the constant voltage area 12 is larger than the number of parking / stopping frames in the constant current area 11. Thereby, the constant voltage charge number per unit time can be increased. Moreover, the constant voltage charge number per unit time can be made close to the constant current charge number per unit time, and the rotation rate of external charge can be further increased.

  (6) In the vehicle management system of the charging facility 14 described above, the parking area 10 of the vehicle 20 is divided into three parts of a constant current area 11, a constant voltage area 12 and a completion area 13 and vehicles located in each of the areas 11-13. Each vehicle 20 is transported by automatic driving based on the number of twenty. With such a mechanism, it is possible to carry out external charging while moving each vehicle 20 in the manner of “flow work”, and it is possible to charge an unspecified number of vehicles 20 efficiently. Therefore, the efficiency and the rate of rotation of the external charge can be improved.

  (7) In the above-described vehicle management system, information on the number of areas 11 to 13 is shared by communication with other charging facilities 14 present in the vicinity of the own facility. Further, the number information obtained at a plurality of charging facilities 14 is stored in each charging facility 14 as the number database of the inter-facility communication unit 3 and provided as a reference material for the crew to consider the “next scheduled charging place”. Ru. By such control, it becomes easy to make the occupant determine the appropriate target charge amount. For example, it is possible to easily set the amount of charge commensurate with the convenience of the occupant and the travel plan of the vehicle, instead of the uniform operation method of simply charging up to the full charge state (the state of charge rate 100%). That is, it is possible to spread the operation method of external charging in which only the necessary amount is charged diligently, and it is possible to further improve the efficiency and the rotation rate of the external charging.

  (8) The vehicle management system described above is provided not only with the constant current area 11 and the constant voltage area 12 where the external charging is performed, but also with the completion area 13 for the vehicle 20 after charging completion to stand by and park. In addition, the vehicle 20 that has been externally charged is transferred to the completion area 13 by automatic driving. Such control can eliminate congestion (vehicle jam) caused by the vehicle 20 that has been charged, and can further improve the efficiency and rotation rate of external charging. In addition, the passenger can spend in a commercial facility or entertainment facility without excessively worrying about the following vehicle 20 (vehicle 20 waiting for charging), and the convenience can be enhanced.

  (9) As shown in FIG. 1, the constant current area 11 and the constant voltage area 12 provided in the charging facility 14 described above are configured such that the vehicle 20 can enter and leave each parking and stopping frame without backing it. That is, a plurality of passages connecting the inlet and the outlet of the areas 11 to 13 in parallel are provided, and the parking and stopping frame is disposed between the different passages. Further, the front end side of each parking and stopping frame is connected to one of the plurality of passages, and the rear end side is connected to the other passages. Such a flow line layout makes it possible to move and charge the vehicle 20 efficiently, and to improve the efficiency and rotation rate of external charging.

[7. Modified example]
In the above embodiment, the vehicle management system of the charging facility 14 provided in the parking area or service area of the expressway is described in detail, but the installation location of the charging facility 14 is not limited thereto. It is possible to set up in a parking lot such as a commercial facility or a city hall. When charging facility 14 is provided at a location facing a general road, the distance to nearby charging facility 14 changes depending on the route and can not be determined uniquely. However, the distance (reference value) can be calculated by using a route guidance function or a distance prediction function built in a known navigation device. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the minimum necessary amount of power to go to the nearby charging facility 14, and it is possible to construct a system having the same operation and effect as the above-described embodiment.

  Moreover, although the charging facility 14 in which the parking area 10 as shown in FIG. 1 was provided was illustrated in the above-mentioned embodiment, the layout of the parking area 10 is not limited to this. For example, the completion area 13 may be omitted, and the occupant may get into the vehicle 20 and exit from the place where the external charging has been completed. In this case, the parking and stopping frames of the constant current area 11 and the constant voltage area 12 can be increased, and the efficiency and the rotation rate of the external charging can be further improved.

  In the above embodiment, the system for charging the battery 25 of the vehicle 20 by the magnetic resonance type wireless charging method is exemplified, but the specific method of wireless charging is not limited to this. For example, an electromagnetic induction wireless charging device may be used, or an electromagnetic wave emitting wireless charging device using microwaves or laser light may be used. Regardless of the charging method, by moving the parking area 10 provided with the constant current area 11 and the constant voltage area 12 by automatic driving, a system having the same operation and effect as the above embodiment can be constructed. it can.

1 management device 2 vehicle detection unit (detection unit)
3 inter-facility communication unit 4 information acquisition unit 5 facility management unit 6 occupant communication unit 10 parking area 11 constant current area 12 constant voltage area 13 completion area 14 charging facility 20 vehicle 30 smartphone 40 constant current charging device 45 constant voltage charging device

Claims (9)

A vehicle management system for a charging facility for charging a vehicle having an automatic driving function and a noncontact external charging function, comprising:
A parking area having a constant current area in which a constant current charging device for performing constant current charging in the vehicle is installed, and a constant voltage area in which a constant voltage charging device for performing constant voltage charging in the vehicle is installed;
An information acquisition unit that acquires information on a target charge amount, which is a target value of the remaining amount of electricity remaining in the battery of the vehicle and the amount of electricity added by the charging;
Based on the remaining amount and the target charge amount, the vehicle entering the parking area is moved by automatic driving, and the constant current charging in the constant current area or the constant voltage charging in the constant voltage area is performed. Facility Management Department,
A vehicle management system comprising: The facility management unit performs the constant voltage charging in the constant voltage area when the remaining amount of the vehicle entering the parking area is equal to or greater than a preset first reference value, and the remaining amount is the same. The vehicle management system according to claim 1, wherein the constant current charging is performed in the constant current area when the value is less than a first reference value. In the case where the facility management unit adds the target charge amount to the remaining amount before charging for the vehicle for which constant current charging is performed in the constant current area, the value is equal to or greater than a predetermined second reference value. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vehicle is also moved to the constant voltage area, and the vehicle is charged only in the constant current area when the target charge amount is less than the second reference value. Vehicle management system. A detection unit that detects the number of the vehicles present in the constant current area;
The vehicle management system according to claim 3, wherein the facility management unit sets the value of the second reference value to be lower as the number detected by the detection unit increases. The vehicle management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of parking / stopping frames in the constant voltage area is larger than the number of parking / stopping frames in the constant current area. A vehicle detection unit configured to detect the number of vehicles present in each area within the parking area;
The vehicle management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the facility management unit moves the vehicle by the automatic driving based on the number of the areas. An inter-facility communication unit that shares information of the number by communicating with other charging facilities existing in the vicinity of the charging facility;
The facility management unit is configured to present, to the vehicle occupant, a congestion status estimated from the information of the number in the other charging facilities when acquiring the information of the target charge amount. Vehicle management system. The parking area has a complete area where the vehicle parks after charging in the constant current area or the constant voltage area,
The vehicle management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the facility management unit moves the vehicle, for which the external charging has been completed, to the completion area by automatic driving. Each of the constant current area and the constant voltage area is arranged such that a plurality of passages connecting an inlet and an outlet in parallel, a front end side contacts one of the paths, and a rear end side contacts the other passage The vehicle management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: a plurality of parking and stopping frames.

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