JP2018082511A - Charger, electronic apparatus, electric vehicle and power system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To smoothly switch constant current charging to constant voltage charging by using a hysteresis circuit as a switching determination circuit.SOLUTION: A charger performs constant current charging on a secondary battery and can perform switching to constant voltage charging when battery voltage of the secondary battery reaches charging reference voltage. The charger comprises a hysteresis circuit constituted of an operand amplifier or a comparator as a switching determination circuit when constant current charging is switched to constant voltage charging, and hysteresis upper limit voltage of the hysteresis circuit and charging voltage are made almost equal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

  The present technology is, for example, a charging device used to charge a power storage device using an all-solid battery, and further relates to an electronic device, an electric vehicle, and an electric power system using the all-solid battery charged by the charging device.

As a charging method for a secondary battery, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery, CCCV (Constant) is a combination of constant current charging (hereinafter referred to as CC charging) and constant voltage charging (hereinafter referred to as CV charging).
Current constant voltage is known. In the CCCV charging method, charging is performed at a constant current until the battery voltage reaches a predetermined voltage (hereinafter referred to as a standard charging voltage), and charging is performed at a constant voltage after reaching the predetermined voltage. Charging is completed when the charging current converges to almost zero.

  For example, when charging a single battery having a battery capacity of 1000 mAh and a standard charging voltage of 4.2 V by the CCCV charging method, first, constant current charging is performed at 500 mA in a region where the battery voltage is less than 4.2 V ( 0.5C charge). The battery voltage rises due to charging, and when the battery voltage reaches 4.2 V, the charging power source is switched to the constant voltage control operation. The charging current gradually decreases, and charging is completed when the charging current approaches zero.

  Recently, a solid electrolyte battery, which is expected as a lithium ion secondary battery mounted on a printed circuit board, has been proposed. When charging a solid electrolyte battery that can be mounted on a printed circuit board, the I (current) R (resistance) drop occurs instantaneously when switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, and the judgment voltage when switching to constant voltage It becomes below, and it does not change to the constant voltage state. Further, when the battery is not connected to the charger, the charging terminal is in a constant voltage state, and when the battery is connected in that state, the battery is suddenly charged with the constant voltage.

  Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3 describe a circuit that employs a comparator that compares a battery voltage with a switching threshold voltage as a switching circuit from constant current charging to constant voltage charging. . In Patent Document 1, when a detection signal indicating that the analog comparator battery voltage has reached a set voltage according to a reference voltage is output during constant current charging, the switch is turned off and a constant current charging current path (constant current charging path) is output. ) Is described.

  In Patent Document 2, a charging current control circuit that controls the charging current supplied to the battery based on the output of the voltage detection circuit that detects the terminal voltage of the secondary battery, and a backflow prevention diode are inserted between the batteries, An FET, which is a switch element, is inserted between the battery and the voltage detection circuit, and the switch control circuit controls to turn on the FET2 charging power source when on and to turn off the charging power source when off. It is described.

  Patent Document 3 discloses a charging power source, a voltage dividing circuit in which an input terminal and a reference potential terminal are connected to both terminals of a secondary battery, and a connection between an output terminal and a reference potential terminal of the voltage dividing circuit. And a switch circuit that is turned on or off according to the type of the secondary battery, and a current detection that detects a charging current supplied to the secondary battery from the charging power source and generates a voltage corresponding to the charging current Circuit, a maximum voltage selection circuit that selects a larger one of the output voltage of the voltage dividing circuit and the output voltage of the current detection circuit, and a current control circuit that controls the charging current according to the output of the maximum voltage selection circuit The structure which has is described.

JP-A-10-136579 JP-A-8-317571 JP-A-8-214466

  Although the circuits described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are simply shown as circuit configurations to be compared by a comparator, there is no description of the detailed configuration. In addition, since Patent Document 3 does not include a hysteresis circuit, it is difficult to switch reliably when switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging.

  Therefore, an object of the present technology is a charging device that can switch from constant current charging to constant voltage charging with certainty and has a simple circuit configuration, and further, a power storage device that uses an all-solid battery that is charged by the charging device, To provide an electronic device, an electric vehicle, and an electric power system.

The present technology is a charging device that performs constant-current charging for a secondary battery and can switch to constant-voltage charging when the battery voltage of the secondary battery reaches a charging reference voltage,
As a switching judgment circuit when switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, a hysteresis circuit consisting of an operational amplifier or a comparator is provided,
This is a charging device in which the hysteresis upper limit voltage and the charging voltage of the hysteresis circuit are substantially equal.
Here, the “substantially equal” state refers to a state where the error is within (+/−) 1%.

More specifically, in the present technology, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier or the comparator is the input terminal A, the non-inverting input terminal is the input terminal B,
The switching determination circuit applies, to the input terminal A, a voltage obtained by dividing the battery voltage by the resistor R1 between the battery voltage terminal and the input terminal A, and the resistor R2 between the input terminal A and the output terminal of the operational amplifier or comparator.
The charging device is configured to apply to the input terminal B a voltage obtained by dividing the charging reference voltage with a resistor R3 between the charging reference voltage terminal and the input terminal B and a resistor R4 between the input terminal B and the ground terminal.

Further, the present technology is an electronic card, a wearable device, an IoT terminal, an amusement device, an IC board embedded battery, or an energy harvesting device that receives power from the all-solid battery charged by the above-described charging device.
Furthermore, the present technology is an electronic device that receives power from an all-solid battery that is charged by the above-described charging device.
Further, the present technology is based on the information on the all-solid-state battery, the all-solid-state battery power storage device that is charged by the above-described charging device, the conversion device that receives power from the all-solid-state battery and converts it into the driving force of the vehicle, An electric vehicle having a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control.
Furthermore, this technique is an electric power system which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged by the charging device mentioned above.

  According to at least one embodiment, the determination of switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging is made by a hysteresis circuit having a hysteresis equal to or greater than the voltage drop due to the current and the internal resistance of the battery. It is possible to prevent the secondary battery from being charged beyond the charging reference voltage by current charging. It should be noted that the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present disclosure or effects different from them.

It is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the all-solid-state battery which can apply this technique. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the other example of the all-solid-state battery which can apply this technique. It is a perspective view which shows the structure at the time of mounting an all-solid-state battery on a printed circuit board. It is a block diagram of one embodiment of this art. It is a connection diagram at the time of comprising a switching determination circuit with an operational amplifier. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the configuration of FIG. 5. It is a connection diagram when the switching determination circuit is configured by a hysteresis circuit. 8 is a timing chart for explaining the configuration of FIG. 7. It is a connection diagram of a switching determination circuit in an embodiment of the present technology. 10 is a timing chart for explaining the configuration of FIG. 9. It is a timing chart used for explanation of a constant voltage timer circuit in one embodiment of this art. It is a connection diagram of a buffer circuit in an embodiment of the present technology. It is a connection diagram showing a time constant circuit in an embodiment of the present technology. It is a connection diagram showing a switching circuit in an embodiment of the present technology. It is a connection diagram showing a switching circuit in an embodiment of the present technology. It is a connection diagram showing an overcharge protection circuit and an overdischarge protection circuit in an embodiment of the present technology. It is a top view which shows the external appearance of the universal credit card as an application example of this technique. It is a block diagram of an example of a wireless sensor node as an example of application of this art. It is a block diagram of an example of a wristband type activity meter as an application example of the present technology. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the main-body part of a wristband type active mass meter. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of an example of the wristband type electronic device as an application example of this technique. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of an example of a wristband type electronic device. It is a perspective view showing the whole smart watch composition as an example of application of this art. 1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a smart watch. It is a perspective view which shows a part of internal structure of the band type electronic device as an application example of this technique. It is a block diagram which shows the circuit structure of a band type electronic device. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the meandering state of a flexible circuit board. It is a perspective view which shows the state by which a battery is arrange | positioned in a segment. It is a perspective view of an example of a glasses type terminal as an application example of this art. It is a conceptual diagram of the 1st example of the image display apparatus of a glasses-type terminal. It is a conceptual diagram of the 2nd example of an image display apparatus. It is a conceptual diagram of the 3rd example of an image display apparatus. It is a conceptual diagram of the 4th example of an image display apparatus. It is a schematic diagram showing roughly an example of composition of a hybrid vehicle which adopts a series hybrid system to which this art is applied. It is the schematic which shows the electrical storage system for houses to which this technique was applied.

The embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of the present technology, and various technically preferable limitations are given. However, the scope of the present technology is not limited to these embodiments unless otherwise specified in the following description.
In addition, description of this technique is made according to the following order.
<< 1. Embodiment>
<< 2. Application example>
<< 3. Modification>

<< 1. One embodiment >>
"All-solid battery"
An all-solid battery that can be used in the present technology will be described. For example, a mobile battery is known as a battery for a mobile device such as a smartphone. In the case of a mobile battery, there is a problem that it becomes larger or heavier as the capacity increases. All-solid-state batteries, particularly thin-film all-solid-state batteries, can be thinned, so that a thin and lightweight mobile battery can be realized. In the following description, the present technology will be described by taking an all-solid battery as an example. However, the present technology may be applied to a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lead battery, or a nickel metal hydride battery that is not an all-solid battery. Can do.

"Battery configuration"
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a so-called bulk type all-solid battery, which is provided on a solid electrolyte layer 1111, a positive electrode layer 1112 provided on one main surface of the solid electrolyte layer 1111, and the other main surface of the solid electrolyte layer 1111. The negative electrode layer 1113 is provided. This battery is a secondary battery obtained by repeatedly receiving and transferring Li, which is an electrode reactant, and may be a lithium ion secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode is obtained by occlusion and release of lithium ions, It may be a lithium metal secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode is obtained by precipitation dissolution of lithium metal.

(Solid electrolyte layer)
The solid electrolyte layer 1111 includes one kind or two or more kinds of solid electrolytes. The solid electrolyte is at least one of an oxide glass and an oxide glass ceramic that are lithium ion conductors, and is preferably an oxide glass ceramic from the viewpoint of improving lithium ion conductivity. Oxide glass and oxide glass ceramics have high stability with respect to the atmosphere (moisture), so that an exterior material such as an aluminum laminate film can be omitted. When the packaging material is omitted, the energy density of the battery can be further improved. The solid electrolyte layer 1111 is, for example, a fired body of a green sheet as a solid electrolyte layer precursor.

  Here, the glass means a crystallographically amorphous material such as a halo observed in X-ray diffraction, electron beam diffraction, or the like. Glass ceramics (crystallized glass) refers to a crystallographic mixture of amorphous and crystalline materials, such as peaks and halos observed in X-ray diffraction, electron beam diffraction, and the like.

The lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte is preferably 10 ⁶ S / cm or more from the viewpoint of improving battery performance. Here, the ionic conductivity is a value obtained by the AC impedance method as follows. First, an electrode made of gold (Au) is formed on both surfaces of the solid electrolyte layer 1111 to prepare a sample. Next, AC impedance measurement (frequency: 10 ⁺⁶ Hz to 10 ⁻¹ Hz, voltage: 100 mV) is performed on the sample at room temperature (25 ° C.) using an impedance measuring device (manufactured by Toyo Technica), and Cole-Cole Create a plot. Subsequently, the ionic conductivity is obtained from this Cole-Cole plot.

  The solid electrolyte contained in the solid electrolyte layer 1111 is sintered. The sintering temperature of the oxide glass and the oxide glass ceramic that is a solid electrolyte is preferably 550 ° C. or lower, more preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower.

  When the sintering temperature is 550 ° C. or lower, the carbon material can be prevented from being burned out in the firing step (sintering step), and thus the carbon material can be used as the negative electrode active material. Therefore, the energy density of the battery can be further improved. In the case where the positive electrode layer 1112 includes a conductive agent, a carbon material can be used as the conductive agent. Therefore, a favorable electron conduction path can be formed in the positive electrode layer 1112 and the conductivity of the positive electrode layer 1112 can be improved. Even when the negative electrode layer 1113 includes a conductive agent, a carbon material can be used as the conductive agent, so that the conductivity of the negative electrode layer 1113 can be improved.

  In addition, when the sintering temperature is 550 ° C. or lower, it is possible to suppress the formation of byproducts such as a passive state due to the reaction between the solid electrolyte and the electrode active material in the firing step (sintering step). Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in battery characteristics. Further, when the firing temperature is as low as 550 ° C. or less, the range of selection of the type of electrode active material is widened, so the degree of freedom in battery design can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the sintering temperature is 300 ° C. or higher, a general organic binder such as an acrylic resin contained in the electrode precursor and / or the solid electrolyte layer precursor is burned off in the firing step (sintering step). Can be made.

  Oxide glass and oxide glass ceramics preferably have a sintering temperature of 550 ° C. or lower, a high thermal shrinkage, and high fluidity at 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower. This is because the following effects can be obtained. That is, the reaction between the solid electrolyte layer 1111 and the positive electrode layer 1112 and the reaction between the solid electrolyte layer 1111 and the negative electrode layer 1113 can be suppressed. Further, good interfaces are formed between the positive electrode layer 1112 and the solid electrolyte layer 1111 and between the negative electrode layer 1113 and the solid electrolyte layer 1111, and between the positive electrode layer 1112 and the solid electrolyte layer 1111, and between the negative electrode layer 1113 and the solid electrolyte layer. The interface resistance between the layers 1111 can be reduced.

As oxide glass and oxide glass ceramic, at least one of Ge (germanium), Si (silicon), B (boron), and P (phosphorus), Li (lithium), and O (oxygen) Those containing Si, B, Li and O are more preferable. Specifically, at least one of germanium oxide (GeO ₂ ), silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ), boron oxide (B ₂ O ₃ ) and phosphorus oxide (P ₂ O ₅ ), and lithium oxide (Li ₂ O). ) Are preferable, and those including SiO ₂ , B ₂ O ₃ and Li ₂ O are more preferable. As described above, at least one of Ge, Si, B and P, and Li
Oxide glass and oxide glass ceramics containing O and O have a sintering temperature of 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, have a high heat shrinkage rate, and are highly fluid in the temperature range. From the viewpoint of reducing the interface resistance and improving the energy density of the battery, it is advantageous.

The content of Li ₂ O is preferably 20 mol% or more and 75 mol% or less, more preferably 30 mol% or more and 75 mol% or less, still more preferably 40 mol% or more and 75 mol% or less, from the viewpoint of lowering the sintering temperature of the solid electrolyte. Especially preferably, they are 50 mol% or more and 75 mol% or less.

When a solid electrolyte containing GeO _2, the content of the GeO ₂ is preferably less greater 80 mol% than 0 mol%. When a solid electrolyte containing SiO _2, the content of the SiO ₂ is preferably from greater than 0 mol% 70 mol%. When a solid electrolyte comprising a B ₂ O _3, the content of the B ₂ O ₃ is preferably not more than greater than 0 mol% 60 mol%. When a solid electrolyte comprising a P ₂ O _5, the content of the P ₂ O ₅ is preferably from greater than 0 mol% 50 mol%.

The content of each oxide is the content of each oxide in the solid electrolyte, and specifically, one or more of GeO ₂ , SiO ₂ , B ₂ O ₃ and P ₂ O ₅ , The ratio of the content (mol) of each oxide to the total amount (mol) with Li ₂ O is shown as a percentage (mol%). The content of each oxide can be measured using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or the like.

The solid electrolyte may further contain an additive element as necessary. As an additive element, for example, Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Al (aluminum), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese) ), Fe (iron), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Zn
(Zinc), Ga (gallium), Se (selenium), Rb (rubidium), S (sulfur), Y
(Yttrium), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium), Mo (molybdenum), Ag (silver), In (indium), Sn (tin), Sb (antimony), Cs (cesium), Ba (vanadium), Hf (Hafnium), Ta (tantalum), W (tungsten), Pb (lead), Bi (bismuth), Au (gold), La (lanthanum), Nd (neodymium) and Eu (europium) One type is mentioned. The solid electrolyte may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of these additive elements as an oxide.

(Positive electrode layer)
The positive electrode layer 1112 is a positive electrode active material layer containing one or more kinds of positive electrode active materials and one or more kinds of solid electrolytes. The solid electrolyte may have a function as a binder. The positive electrode layer 1112 may further include a conductive agent as necessary. The positive electrode layer 1112 is, for example, a fired body of a green sheet as a positive electrode layer precursor.

  The positive electrode active material includes, for example, a positive electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions that are electrode reactants. The positive electrode material is preferably a lithium-containing compound or the like from the viewpoint of obtaining a high energy density, but is not limited thereto. This lithium-containing compound is, for example, a composite oxide (lithium transition metal composite oxide) containing lithium and a transition metal element as constituent elements, or a phosphate compound (lithium transition metal) containing lithium and a transition metal element as constituent elements. Phosphate compounds). Among these, the transition metal element is preferably one or more of Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe. This is because a higher voltage can be obtained.

The lithium transition metal composite oxide is represented by, for example, Li _x M1O ₂ or Li _y M2O ₄ . More specifically, for example, the lithium transition metal composite oxide is LiCoO ₂ , LiNiO ₂ , LiVO ₂ , LiCrO _2, or LiMn ₂ O ₄ . Further, the lithium transition metal phosphate compound is represented by, for example, Li _z M ₃ PO ₄ . More specifically, for example, the lithium transition metal phosphate compound is LiFePO ₄ or LiCoPO ₄ . However, M1 to M3 are one or more transition metal elements, and the values of x to z are arbitrary.

  In addition, the positive electrode active material may be, for example, an oxide, disulfide, chalcogenide, or conductive polymer. Examples of the oxide include titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, and manganese dioxide. Examples of the disulfide include titanium disulfide and molybdenum sulfide. An example of the chalcogenide is niobium selenide. Examples of the conductive polymer include disulfide, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyparastyrene, polyacetylene, and polyacene.

  The solid electrolyte is the same as that included in the solid electrolyte layer 1111 described above. However, the composition (material) or composition ratio of the solid electrolytes contained in the solid electrolyte layer 1111 and the positive electrode layer 1112 may be the same or different.

  The solid electrolyte is preferably at least one of oxide glass and oxide glass ceramic having a sintering temperature of 550 ° C. or lower and a high thermal shrinkage rate. By using such a material as the solid electrolyte, the gap between the positive electrode active material / solid electrolyte and the gap between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode active material / A good interface can be formed between the solid electrolytes. Therefore, while suppressing the reaction between the solid electrolyte and the positive electrode active material, the volume occupancy of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode layer 1112 and the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode layer 12 are improved, and the positive electrode active material / Interfacial resistance between solid electrolytes can be reduced.

The conductive agent is, for example, at least one of a carbon material, a metal, a metal oxide, a conductive polymer, and the like. As the carbon material, for example, graphite, carbon fiber, carbon black, carbon nanotube, or the like can be used. As the carbon fiber, for example, vapor growth carbon fiber (VGCF) can be used. As carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, etc. can be used, for example. As the carbon nanotube, for example, a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) such as a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) or a double wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT) can be used. As the metal, for example, Ni powder can be used. For example, SnO ₂ can be used as the metal oxide. As the conductive polymer, for example, substituted or unsubstituted polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and one or two (co) polymers selected from these can be used. Note that the conductive agent may be any material having conductivity, and is not limited to the above example.

(Negative electrode layer)
The negative electrode layer 1113 is a negative electrode active material layer containing one or more types of negative electrode active materials and one or more types of solid electrolytes. The solid electrolyte may have a function as a binder. The negative electrode layer 1113 may further include a conductive agent as necessary. The negative electrode layer 1113 is, for example, a green sheet fired body as a negative electrode layer precursor.

  The negative electrode active material includes, for example, a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions that are electrode reactants. The negative electrode material is preferably a carbon material or a metal-based material from the viewpoint of obtaining a high energy density, but is not limited thereto.

  Examples of the carbon material include graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and highly oriented graphite (HOPG).

The metal-based material is a material containing, for example, a metal element or a metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium as a constituent element. More specifically, for example, the metal-based material is Si (silicon), Sn (tin), Al (aluminum), In (indium), Mg (magnesium), B
(Boron), Ga (gallium), Ge (germanium), Pb (lead), Bi (bismuth), Cd (cadmium), Ag (silver), Zn (zinc), Hf (hafnium), Zr (zirconium), Y (Yttrium), Pd (palladium), Pt (platinum) and other simple substances, alloys, or compounds. However, the simple substance is not limited to 100% purity, and may contain a small amount of impurities. Examples of the alloy or compound include SiB ₄ , TiSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , SiO _v (0 << v ≦ 2), LiSiO, SnO _w (0 << w ≦ 2), SnSiO ₃ , LiSnO, Mg ₂ Sn and the like can be mentioned.

The metal-based material may be a lithium-containing compound or lithium metal (lithium simple substance). The lithium-containing compound is a composite oxide (lithium transition metal composite oxide) containing lithium and a transition metal element as constituent elements. Examples of this composite oxide include Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ .

  The solid electrolyte is the same as that included in the solid electrolyte layer 1111 described above. However, the composition (material) or composition ratio of the solid electrolytes contained in the solid electrolyte layer 1111 and the negative electrode layer 1113 may be the same or different.

  The solid electrolyte is preferably at least one of oxide glass and oxide glass ceramic having a sintering temperature of 550 ° C. or lower and a high thermal shrinkage rate. By using such a material as the solid electrolyte, the gap between the negative electrode active material / solid electrolyte and the gap between the negative electrode active material is reduced by low-temperature firing at 550 ° C. or less in the firing step, and the negative electrode active material / solid A good interface can be formed between the electrolytes. Therefore, a carbon material can be used as the negative electrode active material, the volume occupancy of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode layer 1113 and the mass ratio of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode layer 1113 are improved, and the negative electrode active material / solid Interfacial resistance between electrolytes can be reduced.

  The conductive agent is the same as the conductive agent in the positive electrode layer 1112 described above.

  The all-solid battery described above is a rechargeable secondary battery in a solid state in which the battery constituent material does not have fluidity in the range of −100 ° C. to 200 ° C.

(Battery operation)
In this battery, for example, at the time of charging, lithium ions released from the positive electrode layer 1112 are taken into the negative electrode layer 1113 via the solid electrolyte layer 1111 and at the time of discharging, lithium ions released from the negative electrode layer 1113 are solid. The positive electrode layer 1112 is taken in through the electrolyte layer 1111.

[Modification]
As shown in FIG. 2, the battery further includes a positive electrode current collecting layer 1114 provided on one main surface of the positive electrode layer 1112 and a negative electrode current collecting layer 1115 provided on one main surface of the negative electrode layer 1113. Also good. In this case, the solid electrolyte layer 1111 is provided between the other main surface of the positive electrode layer 1112 and the other main surface of the negative electrode layer 1113. Although illustration is omitted, the battery may include only one of the positive electrode current collecting layer 1114 and the negative electrode current collecting layer 1115.

  The positive electrode current collecting layer 1114 is a metal layer containing, for example, Al, Ni, stainless steel, or the like. The negative electrode current collecting layer 1115 is a metal layer containing, for example, Cu or stainless steel. The shape of the metal layer is, for example, a foil shape, a plate shape, or a mesh shape. The positive electrode current collector layer 1114 and the negative electrode current collector layer 1115 may be a green sheet fired body including conductive particles and a solid electrolyte.

  The surface of the battery may be covered with an insulating layer as an exterior material. The insulating layer may be a green sheet fired body including insulating particles and at least one of oxide glass and oxide glass ceramics.

  The battery may have a stacked structure in which the positive electrode layer 1112, the solid electrolyte 1111, and the negative electrode layer 1113 are repeatedly stacked. The battery may have a bipolar stacked structure. In addition, instead of configuring each layer of the battery with a green sheet, a part of the layers constituting the battery may be a green sheet, and other layers may be directly formed on the green sheet by printing or the like.

  Although a battery using lithium as the electrode reactant has been described, examples of the electrode reactant include other alkali metals such as Na or K, alkaline earth metals such as Mg or Ca, or other metals such as Al or Ag. A metal may be used.

"Mounting on printed circuit boards"
The all solid state battery described above can be mounted on a printed circuit board 1202 together with a charging circuit or the like, as shown in FIG. For example, an electronic circuit such as an all-solid battery 1203 and a charging circuit can be mounted on the printed circuit board 1202 by a reflow process. Therefore, it can be expected that the module will be compact and space-saving and the operating temperature of the product itself will be improved. A battery module 1201 in which an electronic circuit such as an all-solid battery 1203 and a charging circuit is mounted on a printed circuit board 1202 is referred to as a battery module 1201. The battery module 1201 has a card type configuration as necessary, and can be configured as a portable card type mobile battery.

  An all-solid battery 1203 is formed on the printed circuit board 1202. A charge control IC (Integrated Circuit) 1204, a battery protection IC 1205, and a battery remaining amount monitoring IC 1206 are formed using the substrate 1202 in common. The battery protection IC 1205 controls the charging / discharging operation so that the charging voltage does not become excessive at the time of charging / discharging, an overcurrent flows due to a load short circuit, and no overdischarging occurs.

  A USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface 1207 is attached to the printed circuit board 1202. The all-solid-state battery 1203 is charged by the power supplied through the USB interface 1207. In this case, the charging operation is controlled by the charging control IC 1204. Furthermore, predetermined power (for example, a voltage of 4.2 V) is supplied to the load 1209 from the load connection terminals 1208a and 1208b attached to the substrate 1202. The remaining battery level of the all-solid battery 1203 is monitored by the remaining battery level monitoring IC 1206 so that a display (not shown) indicating the remaining battery level can be seen from the outside. Note that the USB interface 1207 may be used for load connection.

A specific example of the load 1209 described above is as follows.
1. Wearable devices (sports watches, watches, hearing aids, etc.)
2. IoT (Internet of Things) terminals (sensor network terminals, etc.)
3. Amusement devices (portable game terminals, game controllers)
4). IC board embedded battery (real-time clock IC)
5. Energy harvesting equipment (storage elements for power generation elements such as solar power generation, thermoelectric power generation, vibration power generation)

"Structure of charge / discharge device"
An example of a charge / discharge device mounted on the printed circuit board 1202 will be described with reference to FIG. As a charging method for a secondary battery, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery, CCCV (Constant) is a combination of constant current charging (hereinafter referred to as CC charging) and constant voltage charging (hereinafter referred to as CV charging).
Current constant voltage is known. In the CCCV charging method, charging is performed at a constant current until the battery voltage reaches a predetermined voltage (hereinafter referred to as a charging reference voltage), and charging is performed at a constant voltage after reaching the charging reference voltage. Charging is completed when the charging current converges to almost zero.

  A voltage of +5 V from the USB interface 1207 is supplied to the charging reference voltage generation circuit 1221 and the booster circuit 1231. A charging reference voltage (for example, a voltage of 4.2 V) is formed by the charging reference voltage generation circuit 1221. The generated charging reference voltage is supplied to the buffer circuit 1222. The charging reference voltage Vch (= 4.2 V) extracted from the output of the buffer circuit 1222 is supplied to a constant current charging / constant voltage charging switching determination circuit (hereinafter referred to as a switching determination circuit as appropriate) 1223.

  The voltage of the all solid state battery 1203 is supplied to the switching determination circuit 1223 via the switching circuit SW4 and the buffer circuit 1224. The battery voltage Vbat is taken out from the output of the buffer circuit 1224. In the switching determination circuit 1223, the charging reference voltage Vch and the battery voltage Vbat are compared, and a switching control signal Vsw based on the comparison result is generated. The switching circuits SW1 and SW2 are controlled by the switching control signal Vsw. For example, in (Vch> Vbat), the switching control signal Vsw is at a low level, the switching circuit SW1 is turned on, and the switching circuit SW2 is turned off. In (Vch ≦ Vbat), the switching control signal Vsw becomes a high level, the switching circuit SW1 is turned off, and the switching circuit SW2 is turned on.

  The booster circuit 1231 boosts 5V to, for example, 8V. The output voltage of the booster circuit 1231 is supplied to the constant current charging circuit 1232 and the constant voltage charging circuit 1233 via the switching circuit SW5. The switching circuit SW5 is controlled by the overcharge detection signal formed by the overcharge protection circuit 1235, and when the overcharge is detected, the switching circuit SW5 is turned off.

  The constant current charging circuit 1232 outputs a charging current for constant current charging. The charging current is supplied to the all solid state battery 1203 via the switching circuit SW1 and the switching circuit SW4. The constant voltage charging circuit 1233 outputs a charging voltage for constant voltage charging. The charging voltage is supplied to the all solid state battery 1203 through the switching circuits SW2 and SW3.

  The switching circuit SW3 is controlled by the output of the constant voltage timer circuit 1234. The constant voltage timer circuit 1234 cuts off the constant voltage charging for a set time (switching) in order to prevent the all solid state battery 1203 from deteriorating due to the constant voltage charging being continued. The circuit SW3 is turned OFF). As a result, the switching control signal Vsw output from the switching determination circuit 1223 becomes a high level, the switching circuit SW2 is turned on and the constant current charging state is not entered.

  The switching circuits SW1 and SW2 are controlled by a switching control signal Vsw formed by the switching determination circuit 1223. When the switching control signal Vsw is at a low level, the switching circuit SW1 is turned on, the switching circuit SW2 is turned off, and constant current charging is performed. When the switching control signal Vsw is at a high level, the switching circuit SW1 is turned off, the switching circuit SW2 is turned on, and constant voltage charging is performed.

  The switching circuit SW4 is controlled by the output (voltage of 8V) of the booster circuit 1231. When 5V power is supplied through the USB interface 1207 and a voltage output of 8V is generated from the booster circuit 1231, the switching circuit SW4 is turned on. The switching circuit SW4 is turned on at the time of charging and turned off at the time of discharging.

  A load 1209 is connected to the all solid state battery 1203 via a switching circuit SW6. The switching circuit SW6 is controlled by the output of the overdischarge protection circuit 1236. When the battery voltage of the all-solid-state battery 1203 becomes a predetermined voltage or lower, the overdischarge protection circuit 1236 generates a control signal that determines that the battery is overdischarged and turns off the switching circuit SW6. In the case of the all-solid battery 1203 having a solid electrolyte, unlike the existing lithium ion secondary battery, the battery does not deteriorate even if the battery voltage decreases. However, since there is a voltage (referred to as a cut-off voltage) of the all-solid-state battery 1203 for generating the lowest voltage necessary for the load 1209 to perform normal operation, the battery voltage is equal to or lower than the cut-off voltage. In this case, the switching circuit SW6 is turned off and the battery power supply is cut off. The cut-off voltage is a voltage in the range of 2.0V to 3.3V, for example. Although the switching circuit SW6 is turned off during charging, it is not necessary to turn off the switching circuit SW6 when the load 1209 is not connected. Further, a resistor Rc and a capacitor Cc are connected in parallel with the all solid state battery 1203.

  In the above-described charging / discharging device (charging device), for example, it is detected that a voltage of +5 V is supplied from the USB interface 1207, and a charge start instruction is generated. The switching circuit SW4 is turned on by the output of the booster circuit 1231. The switching determination circuit 1223 compares the charging reference voltage Vch with the battery voltage Vbat, and outputs a low-level switching control signal Vsw when the battery voltage Vbat is lower than the charging reference voltage Vch. When the switching control signal Vsw is at a low level, the switching circuit SW1 is turned on, the switching circuit SW2 is turned off, and constant current charging is performed by the output current of the constant current charging circuit 1232.

  The switching determination circuit 1223 compares the charging reference voltage Vch with the battery voltage Vbat, and outputs a high-level switching control signal Vsw when the battery voltage Vbat is equal to or higher than the charging reference voltage Vch. When the switching control signal Vsw is at a high level, the switching circuit SW1 is turned off, the switching circuit SW2 is turned on, and constant voltage charging is performed. When a set time has elapsed after the constant voltage timer circuit 1234 starts constant voltage charging, the switching circuit SW3 is turned OFF, and constant voltage charging for the all solid state battery 1203 is completed.

"Examples of operational amplifiers"
A more detailed description of each part of the charging device described above will be given below. FIG. 5 shows an example of the switching determination circuit 1223. The configuration shown in FIG. 5 is such that the charging reference voltage Vch is supplied to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (abbreviated as OP-Amp in the drawing) and the battery voltage Vbat is supplied to the non-inverting input terminal. The switching control signal Vsw is taken out to the output of When the relationship is (Vbat> Vch), the output is at a high level (V +), and when the relationship is (Vbat <Vch), the output is at a low level (V−). Constant current charging is performed when the switching control signal Vsw is at a low level (V−), and constant voltage charging is performed when the switching control signal Vsw is at a high level (V +).

  In the configuration as shown in FIG. 5, a voltage drop ΔV1 expressed by the product of the internal resistance of the all solid state battery 1203 and the charging current occurs. As shown in FIG. 6, when the battery voltage Vbat rises and the relationship between the battery voltage Vbat and the charging reference voltage Vch is (Vch> Vbat), the switching control signal Vsw becomes low level, the switching circuit SW1 is turned on, and the switching circuit SW2 is turned off. That is, constant current charging is performed.

  When (Vch <Vbat) is satisfied, the switching control signal Vsw is at a high level, the switching circuit SW1 is turned off, and the switching circuit SW2 is turned on. However, since the voltage drop ΔV1 disappears immediately after this switching, Vbat decreases. As a result, the relationship (Vch> Vbat) is established, the switching control signal Vsw becomes low level, and the constant current charging is resumed. This operation is repeated, and it is not possible to shift to constant voltage charging, which may cause oscillation.

"Example of hysteresis circuit"
In order to deal with such a problem, as shown in FIG. 7, a hysteresis level comparator (hereinafter simply referred to as a hysteresis circuit) is constituted by an operational amplifier. The charging reference voltage Vch is supplied to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, the battery voltage Vbat is supplied to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier via the resistor R1, and the resistor R2 is provided between the output terminal and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. Inserted. In such a configuration, the hysteresis upper limit voltage V _TU , the hysteresis lower limit voltage V _TL, and the hysteresis voltage width V _TH are each expressed by the following equations. * Means multiplication (same below).

V _TH = V _TU -V _TL
V _TU = (R1 + R2) / R2 * V _ref −R1 / R2 * V _L (hysteresis upper limit voltage)
_VTL = (R1 + R2) / R2 * _Vref -R1 / R2 * _VH (hysteresis lower limit voltage)
V _ref (reference voltage) = Vch * R2 / (R1 + R2)
V _L is a negative power supply voltage of the comparator or the operational amplifier.
V _H is a positive power supply voltage of the comparator or the operational amplifier.

In the case of the hysteresis circuit shown in FIG. 7, as shown in FIG. 8, when the battery voltage V _bat reaches the hysteresis upper limit voltage V _TU , the output of the hysteresis circuit changes from low level (constant current charging) to high level (constant voltage charging). Switch to A voltage drop ΔV1 represented by the product of the internal resistance of all solid state battery 1203 and the charging current is generated. However, unless the battery voltage V _bat falls below the hysteresis lower limit voltage V _{TL due} to this voltage drop, the output of the hysteresis circuit is not inverted, and oscillation can be prevented. However, the switching control signal V _sw does not change from the low level to the high level unless the charging reference voltage V _{ch is} charged to a level greater than half the hysteresis voltage width V _TH . In other words, there is a problem that the all-solid-state battery is charged to a voltage higher than the charging reference voltage Vch by constant current charging.

"Switch determination circuit according to an embodiment of the present technology"
In consideration of the above-described problems, in the present technology, a switching determination circuit is configured as shown in FIG. The battery voltage divided by the resistor R1 between the input terminal of the battery voltage Vbat and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and the resistor R2 between the non-inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is applied to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. Is done.

Further, a voltage Vch− divided by a resistor R3 between the charging reference voltage input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and a resistance R4 between the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and the ground is applied to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. The In order to match the hysteresis upper limit voltage _VTU and the charging reference voltage Vch, the value of the voltage dividing resistor satisfies the relationship (R1: R2 = R3: R4), and the allowable value of the difference in resistance ratio between the two is As an example, (+/−) is within 1%. Furthermore, the hysteresis voltage width V _TH which is the difference between the hysteresis upper limit voltage V _TU and the hysteresis lower limit voltage V _TL is set to a voltage drop ΔV1 or more obtained by multiplying the internal resistance of the all solid state battery and the constant current charging current value.

In the case of such a configuration, it operates as a switching determination circuit as shown in FIG. When the hysteresis upper limit voltage V _TU becomes substantially equal to the charging reference voltage Vch and the battery voltage Vbat becomes equal to the charging reference voltage Vch by constant current charging, the switching control signal Vsw generated at the output of the operational amplifier changes from low level to high level, and charging is performed. The operation is switched from constant current charging to constant voltage charging. When the switching operation is performed, the voltage drop ΔV1 is generated. However, since the hysteresis voltage width V _TH is set to be equal to or larger than ΔV1, the switching control signal Vsw is prevented from being inverted by the voltage drop ΔV1. Here, the “substantially equal” state means a state where the error is within ± 1%.

  In this way, by using a hysteresis circuit (Schmitt trigger circuit) in the switching determination circuit and having a hysteresis equal to or higher than the voltage drop voltage due to the internal resistance at the time of switching, it is possible to shift to smooth constant voltage charging. . In addition, a simple configuration of a general-purpose operational amplifier or comparator IC and four voltage dividing resistors can be achieved.

"Constant voltage timer circuit"
In an embodiment of the present technology (see FIG. 4), the constant voltage timer circuit 1234 prevents the all solid state battery 1203 from being deteriorated due to the constant voltage charging continued to the all solid state battery 1203. Has been. FIG. 11 shows the time change of the battery voltage Vbat and the change of the switching control signal Vsw. Here, the charging device according to the present technology has a circuit for measuring an arbitrary time with a timer after entering constant voltage charging, and after that time, both constant voltage charging and constant current charging are performed. A circuit in a state in which the battery and the charging circuit are cut off.

  The switching control signal Vsw is at a high level (V +), and constant voltage charging is performed. When a predetermined time set by the constant voltage timer circuit 1234 has elapsed, the output of the constant voltage timer circuit 1234 is inverted, and the switching circuit SW3 is turned off. When the switching circuit SW3 is turned OFF, the output of the constant voltage charging circuit 1233 becomes an open circuit state (that is, a state where neither constant voltage charging nor constant current charging is performed). In this open circuit state, the circuit configuration is such that the all solid state battery and the charging circuit are shut off. By providing the switching circuit SW3, the switching circuit SW2 can be kept on. That is, the switching control signal Vsw can be kept at a high level.

Furthermore, after a predetermined time has elapsed, the battery voltage Vbat decreases due to natural discharge or when a load current flows. When the battery voltage Vbat falls below the hysteresis limit voltage V _TL, the switching control signal Vsw which is the output of the switching determination circuit 1223 is changed from high level to low level. Therefore, constant current charging starts immediately and the battery voltage Vbat can be raised.

  Thus, by having the switching circuit SW3 for stopping the constant voltage charging by the constant voltage timer circuit 1234 in series with the charging path of the constant voltage charging circuit 1233, the permanent constant voltage charging for the all solid state battery 1203 is avoided. And the deterioration of the all-solid battery 1203 can be suppressed.

"Buffer circuit"
As shown in FIG. 12, in one embodiment of the present technology, the charging reference voltage is supplied to the switching determination circuit 1223 via the buffer circuit 1222. Further, the voltage of the all-solid-state battery 1203 is supplied to the switching determination circuit 1223 via the switching circuit SW4 (not shown in FIG. 12) and the buffer circuit 1224. As these buffer circuits 1222 and 1224, a voltage follower circuit using an operational amplifier is used. The buffer circuits 1222 and 1224 have an input impedance of 1 MΩ or higher and an output impedance of lower than 10Ω.

"Time constant circuit"
In the embodiment of the present technology, a time constant circuit in which a resistor Rc and a content Cc are connected in series is connected in parallel with the all-solid-state battery 1203 as shown by being surrounded by a broken line in FIG. If the time constant circuit is not provided, when the entire charging / discharging circuit is turned on, the charging voltage is applied to the all-solid-state battery 1203 upon rushing, and the battery voltage Vbat of the all-solid-state battery 1203 rises to the charging reference voltage. . As a result, a sudden transition to the constant voltage charge state may occur. Since the inrush current can be bypassed by providing the time constant circuit, such a problem can be avoided. As an example, Rc = 1 kΩ and Cc = 10 μF, and the time constant of the time constant circuit is set to 0.01 seconds. Furthermore, the voltage drop at the time of switching the constant current and the constant voltage can be moderated by the time constant circuit, and the circuit configuration can be surely switched from the constant current charging to the constant voltage charging.

“Disconnecting the charging circuit by the switching circuits SW1, SW2 and SW3”
Specifically, the portions of the switching circuits SW1, SW2, and SW3 are shown as broken lines in FIG. As the switching circuit SW1, an N-channel MOSFET-Q1a (hereinafter simply abbreviated as Q1a. The other FETs are similarly omitted) and Q1b are used. The gates and drains of Q1a and Q1b are connected in common, the source of Q1a is connected to the output terminal of the constant current charging circuit 1232, and the source of Q1b is connected to the switching circuit SW4.

  The switching circuit SW2 includes Q2a and Q2b, and the gate and drain of each other are commonly connected. The switching circuit SW3 is configured by Q3a and Q3b, and the gate and drain of each other are commonly connected. The source of Q2a is connected to the output terminal of the constant voltage charging circuit 1233, the source of Q2b is connected to the source of Q3a, and the source of Q3b is connected to the switching circuit SW4. By connecting two N-channel MOSFETs in this way, backflow from the all solid state battery 1203 side to the charging circuit side can be prevented. Note that a backflow prevention circuit using a parasitic diode existing between the drain and source of each FET is also provided, so that backflow prevention can be reliably performed.

  A switching control signal Vsw is supplied from the switching determination circuit 1223 to the common gate terminals of Q1a to Q2b configuring the switching circuits SW1 and SW2. When a voltage higher than the sum of the battery voltage or charging reference voltage and the gate threshold voltage of the N-channel MOSFET is applied to the common gate terminal, it is connected to the all-solid-state battery and a voltage lower than that is applied. In such a case, the constant current charging circuit 1232 or the constant voltage charging circuit 1233 is disconnected from the all solid state battery.

  In this way, by using a high-side switching circuit in which two N-channel MOSFETs having a parasitic diode inside are used and the drain terminals are connected to each other, switching based on 0 V and a low level potential are ensured. The circuit can be shut off, and leakage from the all solid state battery 1203 to the charging circuit side can be suppressed.

“Configuration to disconnect all-solid-state battery from charging circuit by switching circuit SW4”
The portion of the switching circuit SW4 is specifically shown as a broken line portion in FIG. Q4a and Q4b are used as the switching circuit SW4. The gates and drains of Q4a and Q4b are connected in common, and the source of Q4a is connected to the output terminal of the buffer circuit 1224 and the output terminals of the switching SW1 and SW3. Further, the source of Q4b is connected to the all solid state battery 1203. The output voltage of the booster circuit 1231 is applied to the common gate terminal.

  With this configuration, the all solid state battery 1203 can be reliably disconnected from the constant current charging circuit 1232 and the constant voltage charging circuit 1233 when not charged. When a voltage equal to or higher than the higher one of the battery voltage or the charging reference voltage and the gate threshold voltage of the N-channel MOSFET is applied to the common gate terminal, the constant current charging circuit 1232 and the constant voltage charging circuit 1233 are connected. When the power supply voltage drops below that, the constant current charging circuit 1232 and the constant voltage charging circuit 1233 are disconnected.

"Overcharge protection and overdischarge protection"
In FIG. 16, the switching circuit SW <b> 5 is controlled by the overcharge protection circuit 1235 and the switching circuit SW <b> 6 is controlled by the overdischarge protection circuit 1236, as surrounded by a broken line. When the all solid state battery 1203 is below the overdischarge voltage by the overdischarge protection circuit 1236 and the switching circuit SW6, the discharge path therebetween is interrupted. The overdischarge voltage is a value lower than the charge voltage. In addition, an overcharge protection circuit 1235 is provided in the charging path between the power supply circuit, the constant current charging circuit, and the constant voltage circuit. When the all-solid-state battery has an overcharge voltage or higher, the charging path therebetween is interrupted by the switching circuit SW5. To do. The overcharge voltage is higher than the charge voltage.

<< 2. Application example >>
"Universal credit card as an application"
Hereinafter, application examples in which the present technology is applied to a universal credit card will be described. Currently, many people carry multiple credit cards. However, there is a problem that the risk of loss, theft, etc. increases as the number of credit cards increases. Therefore, a card called a universal credit card in which functions such as a plurality of credit cards and point cards are integrated into one card has been put into practical use. For example, information such as the number and expiration date of various credit cards and point cards can be taken into this card, so if you put one card in your wallet, you can use it whenever you want. You can select and use the correct card.

  FIG. 17 shows an example of the configuration of the universal credit card 1301. It has a cart shape and incorporates an IC chip and an all-solid battery according to the present technology. Further, a display 1302 that consumes less power and an operation unit such as direction keys 1303a and 1303b are provided. Further, a charging terminal 1304 is provided on the surface of the universal credit card 1301.

  For example, the user can specify a credit card or the like loaded in advance on the universal credit card 1301 by operating the direction keys 1303a and 1303b while looking at the display 1302. When a plurality of credit cards are loaded in advance, information indicating each credit card is displayed on the display 1302, and the user can designate a desired credit card by operating the direction keys 1303a and 1303b. After that, it can be used like a conventional credit card. The charging / discharging device according to the present technology can be applied when an all-solid battery is used as a battery built in the universal credit card 1301. Note that the above is an example, and it goes without saying that the charge / discharge device according to the present technology can be applied to any electronic card other than the universal credit card 1301.

"Sensor network terminal as an application example"
Hereinafter, application examples in which the present technology is applied to a sensor network terminal will be described.
A wireless terminal in a wireless sensor network is referred to as a sensor node, and includes one or more wireless chips, a microprocessor, a power supply (battery), and the like. As a specific example of the sensor network, it is used to monitor energy saving management, health management, industrial measurement, traffic conditions, farm work, and the like. As the type of sensor, voltage, temperature, gas, illuminance, and the like are used.

In the case of energy saving management, a power monitor node, a temperature / humidity node, an illuminance node, a CO ₂ node, a human sensor node, a remote control node, a router (relay machine), and the like are used as sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are provided so as to constitute a wireless network in homes, office buildings, factories, stores, amusement facilities, and the like.

Then, data such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, CO ₂ concentration, and electric energy is displayed, and the energy saving status of the environment is visualized. Furthermore, on / off control of lighting, air-conditioning facilities, ventilation facilities, etc. is performed according to commands from the control station.

  ZigBee (registered trademark) can be used as one of the wireless interfaces of the sensor network. This wireless interface is one of the short-range wireless communication standards, and has a feature that it is inexpensive and consumes less power, instead of having a short transferable distance and a low transfer speed. Therefore, it is suitable for mounting on a battery-driven device. The basic part of this communication standard is standardized as IEEE 802.15.4. The ZigBee (Registered Trademark) Alliance has formulated specifications for communication protocols between devices above the logical layer.

  FIG. 18 shows an exemplary configuration of the wireless sensor node 1401. A detection signal of the sensor 1402 is supplied to an AD conversion circuit 1404 of a microprocessor (MPU) 1403. The various sensors described above can be used as the sensor 1402. A memory 1406 is provided in association with the microprocessor 1403. Further, the output of the battery 1407 is supplied to the power supply control unit 1408, and the power supply of the sensor node 1401 is managed. As the battery 1407, the above-described all-solid battery, card-type battery pack, or the like can be used. The charge / discharge device according to the present technology is applied when an all-solid battery is used.

  A program is installed in the microprocessor 1403. The microprocessor 1403 processes the detection result data of the sensor 1402 output from the AD conversion circuit 1404 according to the program. A wireless communication unit 1409 is connected to the communication control unit 1406 of the microprocessor 1403, and detection result data is transmitted from the wireless communication unit 1409 to a network terminal (not shown) using, for example, ZigBee (registered trademark). Connected to the network via a network terminal. A predetermined number of wireless sensor nodes can be connected to one network terminal. In addition to the star type, the network type may be a tree type, a mesh type, a linear type, or the like.

"Wristband electronic devices as application examples"
Hereinafter, application examples in which the present technology is applied to a wristband type electronic device will be described.
An example of a wearable terminal is a wristband type electronic device. Among them, the wristband type activity meter is also called a smart band, and it is possible to obtain data on human activities such as the number of steps, distance traveled, calories burned, sleep amount, heart rate, etc. just by wrapping around the wrist. It can be done. Furthermore, the acquired data can also be managed with a smartphone. Furthermore, a mail transmission / reception function can also be provided. For example, a mail notification function that notifies a user of an incoming mail by an LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp and / or vibration is used.

  19 and 20 show an example of a wristband type activity meter that measures, for example, a pulse. FIG. 19 shows an example of the external configuration of the wristband type activity meter 1501. FIG. 20 shows a configuration example of the main body 1502 of the wristband type activity meter 1501.

  The wristband type active mass meter 1501 is a wristband type measuring device that measures, for example, a pulse of a subject by an optical method. As shown in FIG. 19, the wristband type active mass meter 1501 includes a main body portion 1502 and a band 1503, and the band 1503 is attached to the arm (wrist) 1504 of the subject like a wristwatch. And the main-body part 1502 irradiates the measurement light of a predetermined wavelength to the part containing the pulse of a test subject's arm 1504, and measures a test subject's pulse based on the intensity | strength of the returned light.

  The main body 1502 is configured to include a substrate 1521, an LED 1522, a light receiving IC (Integrated Circuit) 1523, a light shield 1524, an operation unit 1525, an arithmetic processing unit 1526, a display unit 1527, and a wireless device 1528. The LED 1522, the light receiving IC 1523, and the light shield 1524 are provided over the substrate 1521. The LED 1522 irradiates a portion including the pulse of the arm 1504 of the subject under measurement light of a predetermined wavelength under the control of the light receiving IC 1523.

  The light receiving IC 1523 receives light that has returned after the measurement light is applied to the arm 1504. The light receiving IC 1523 generates a digital measurement signal indicating the intensity of the returned light, and supplies the generated measurement signal to the arithmetic processing unit 1526.

  The light shield 1524 is provided between the LED 1522 and the light receiving IC 1523 on the substrate 1521. The light shield 1524 prevents measurement light from the LED 1522 from directly entering the light receiving IC 1523.

  The operation unit 1525 includes various operation members such as buttons and switches, and is provided on the surface of the main body unit 1502 or the like. The operation unit 1525 is used to operate the wristband type activity meter 1501 and supplies a signal indicating the operation content to the arithmetic processing unit 1526.

  The arithmetic processing unit 1526 performs arithmetic processing for measuring the pulse of the subject based on the measurement signal supplied from the light receiving IC 1523. The arithmetic processing unit 1526 supplies the pulse measurement result to the display unit 1527 and the wireless device 1528.

  The display unit 1527 is configured by a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), and is provided on the surface of the main body unit 1502. The display unit 1527 displays the measurement result of the subject's pulse and the like.

  The wireless device 1528 transmits the measurement result of the subject's pulse to an external device by wireless communication of a predetermined method. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 20, the wireless device 1528 transmits the measurement result of the subject's pulse to the smartphone 1505 and causes the screen 1506 of the smartphone 1505 to display the measurement result. Furthermore, the measurement result data is managed by the smartphone 1505, and the measurement result can be browsed by the smartphone 1505 or stored in a server on the network. Note that any method can be adopted as a communication method of the wireless device 1528. The light receiving IC 1523 can also be used when measuring a pulse in a part other than the subject's arm 1504 (eg, finger, earlobe, etc.).

  The wristband type activity meter 1501 described above can accurately measure a subject's pulse wave and pulse by removing the influence of body movement by signal processing in the light receiving IC 1523. For example, even if the subject performs intense exercise such as running, the pulse wave and pulse of the subject can be accurately measured. In addition, for example, even when the subject wears the wristband type activity meter 1501 for a long time and performs measurement, the influence of the subject's body movement can be removed and the pulse wave and the pulse can be accurately measured. .

  Further, by reducing the amount of calculation, the power consumption of the wristband type activity meter 1501 can be reduced. As a result, for example, it is possible to perform measurement by wearing the wristband type activity meter 1501 on the subject for a long time without performing charging or battery replacement.

  For example, a thin battery is housed in the band 1503 as a power source. The wristband type activity meter 1501 includes an electronic circuit of the main body and a battery pack. For example, the battery pack is detachable by the user. The electronic circuit is a circuit included in the main body 1502 described above. The present technology can be applied when using an all-solid battery as a battery.

  21 and 22 illustrate another example of a wristband type electronic device. FIG. 21 shows an example of the external configuration of the wristband type electronic device 1601. FIG. 22 is a block diagram of a wristband type electronic device 1601 (hereinafter simply referred to as “electronic device 1601”).

  The electronic device 1601 is, for example, a watch-type so-called wearable device that is detachable from the human body. The electronic device 1601 includes, for example, a band portion 1611 attached to the arm, a display device 1612 that displays numbers, characters, symbols, and the like, and operation buttons 1613. The band portion 1611 is formed with a plurality of hole portions 1611a and protrusions 1611b formed on the inner peripheral surface (the surface that comes into contact with the arm when the electronic device 1601 is attached).

  As shown in FIG. 21, the electronic device 1601 is bent so that the band portion 1611 has a substantially circular shape, and a projection 1611b is inserted into the hole portion 1611a and attached to the arm. By adjusting the position of the hole 1611a into which the protrusion 1611b is inserted, the diameter can be adjusted corresponding to the thickness of the arm. When the electronic device 1601 is not used, the protrusion 1611b is removed from the hole 1611a, and the band 1611 is stored in a substantially flat state. For example, the sensor according to the embodiment of the present technology is provided over the entire band portion 1611.

  FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the electronic device 1601. As illustrated in FIG. 22, the electronic device 1601 includes a sensor 1620 including a controller IC 1615 as a drive control unit and a host device 1616 in addition to the display device 1612 described above. The sensor 1620 may include a controller IC 1615.

  The sensor 1620 can detect both pressing and bending. The sensor 1620 detects a change in capacitance according to the pressing, and outputs an output signal corresponding to the change to the controller IC 1615. Further, the sensor 1620 detects a change in resistance value (resistance change) according to bending, and outputs an output signal corresponding to the change to the controller IC 1615.

  The host device 1616 executes various processes based on information supplied from the controller IC 1615. For example, processing such as displaying character information and image information on the display device 1612, moving the cursor displayed on the display device 1612, scrolling the screen, and the like is executed.

  The display device 1612 is, for example, a flexible display device, and displays a video (screen) based on a video signal, a control signal, or the like supplied from the host device 1616. Examples of the display device 1612 include, but are not limited to, a liquid crystal display, an electro luminescence (EL) display, and electronic paper.

  As a power source, for example, a thin battery and an electronic circuit shown in FIG. The electronic device 1601 includes a main body electronic circuit and a battery pack. For example, the battery pack is detachable by the user. The present technology can be applied to a case where an all-solid battery is used as the battery.

"Smart watch as an application"
Hereinafter, application examples in which the present technology is applied to a smart watch will be described.
Smart watches have the same or similar appearance as existing wristwatch designs, and are worn on the user's wrist in the same way as wristwatches. Information displayed on the display is used to receive incoming calls and e-mails. A function for notifying the user of various messages such as. Further, smart watches having functions such as an electronic money function and an activity meter have been proposed. In the smart watch, a display is incorporated on the surface of the main body portion of the electronic device, and various information is displayed on the display. In addition, the smart watch can also cooperate with functions, contents, and the like of the communication terminal by performing short-range wireless communication such as Bluetooth (registered trademark) with a communication terminal (smart phone or the like).

  As one of the smart watches, a plurality of segments connected in a band, a plurality of electronic components arranged in the plurality of segments, and a plurality of electronic components in the plurality of segments are connected to each other in at least one segment. A device including a flexible circuit board arranged in a meandering shape has been proposed. By having such a meandering shape, the flexible circuit board is not stressed even when the band is bent, and the circuit is prevented from being interrupted. In addition, it is possible to incorporate electronic circuit components in the band-side segment attached to the watch body instead of the chassis that makes up the watch body, eliminating the need to make changes on the watch body side. It is possible to construct a smart watch having the same design as the watch.

  Next, the configuration of the smart watch will be described more specifically. In the smart watch of this application example, a portion corresponding to a band of a normal wristwatch is a main body, and the band (belt) alone is formed as an electronic device. That is, a conventional watch can be used as it is for the watch body that displays the time with a hand or the like. A band-type electronic device attached to the watch body incorporates a communication function and a notification function. The smart watch of this application example can perform notifications such as e-mails and incoming calls, log recording of user action history, telephone calls, and the like. In addition, the smart watch has a function as a non-contact IC card, and can perform settlement, authentication, and the like in a non-contact manner.

  The smart watch of this application example incorporates circuit components for performing communication processing and notification processing in a metal band. In order to function as an electronic device while reducing the thickness of a metal band, the band is configured by connecting a plurality of segments, and a circuit board, a vibration motor, a battery, and an acceleration sensor are accommodated in each segment. Components such as circuit boards, vibration motors, batteries, and acceleration sensors of each segment are connected by a flexible printed circuit board (hereinafter referred to as “FPC”). However, when the band including the FPC in which each component is connected is bent into a circle, stress is applied to the FPC wiring and the FPC wiring is cut off. As will be described later, this can be solved by providing a meandering shape, but a new problem arises that the waterproofness inside the band cannot be secured as it is. In addition, when an antenna is arranged in a metal band, there is a problem that radio waves do not go out of the band. Further, normally, since the buckle mechanism for stopping the band cannot arrange the FPC, it is difficult to make an electrical connection before and after the location of the buckle mechanism.

That is, in order to incorporate an electronic device into a metal band, it is necessary to solve the following three problems.
a. FPC wiring and waterproofing problems b. Problems with antennas due to metal enclosures c. Buckle mechanism and problems of electrical contacts Hereinafter, an outline of a configuration for solving these three problems will be described.

a. Configuration that solves the problem of wiring and waterproofing of FPC When parts of an electronic device are arranged in each segment, the segments need to be connected by FPC. However, if the metal band is bent so as to be attached to the user's arm, stress is applied to the outside of the FPC, and the FPC may be cut off. Therefore, the FPC is prevented from being cut by providing a meandering shape. Moreover, since the electronic device of this application example is a smart watch that is assumed to be attached to a wristwatch, it is necessary to provide a meandering shape while ensuring waterproofness. Therefore, in this application example, a small segment called “a paired part” which is a part unique to a watch band is prepared between the segments.

  The small segment space has a meandering shape of the FPC. The meandering shape may be any shape such as an S shape, a V shape, a U shape, a Z shape, a curved shape, a semicircular shape, a polygonal line shape, and the like. By doing so, even if a metal band is bent, the meandering shape of the FPC only extends and the FPC does not break. Furthermore, the entrance / exit of the FPC in the segment part is pressed with rubber packing (relatively soft resin). The mating portion keeps the waterproofness of each segment by allowing the FPC to move freely without pressing the doorway. By introducing this “pairing part”, it is possible to prevent the FPC from being cut while ensuring the waterproofness of the main body. In the case where an electronic component is completed with only one component (segment), this “pairing portion” can be omitted.

b. Problem of antenna by metal casing Metal band has a problem that radio wave from antenna does not go out when antenna is put inside. In the present invention, an antenna for Bluetooth (registered trademark) and an antenna for NFC (Near Field Communication) are arranged in one housing (part) of a metal band. In order to prevent the antenna component from affecting other parts, an insulator is sandwiched between the adjacent parts.

  In addition, a component with a built-in antenna uses the entire surface (approximately six surfaces) of the component as an antenna, but the antenna characteristics deteriorate when it comes into contact with the user's skin, so the surface that contacts the user's skin is not used as an antenna. Alternatively, a material other than metal may be used. As another example, an insulating layer may be sandwiched between a metal part that touches the user's skin and a part that functions as an antenna. Further, a component with a built-in antenna may be provided with a slit and used as a slit antenna. A part for arranging the antenna for Bluetooth (registered trademark) and a part for arranging the antenna for NFC may be different parts. Since Bluetooth (registered trademark) wireless communication uses the 2.4 GHz band, when wireless communication is performed between a smart watch and a smartphone with no obstacles, pairing up to an average of about 10 m is possible. It was. The antenna problem can be solved by introducing a technique using the metal casing itself as an antenna.

c. Buckle mechanism / electrical contact problem In a smart watch with a metal band, the board is placed on the largest component that is placed in a position overlapping the buckle. It will be thick. Also, it is difficult to pass the FPC through the buckle. Therefore, there is a problem that electrical connection cannot be made between one segment connected by a buckle and the other segment.

  In this application example, when the buckle is folded, one of the two parts constituting the buckle is configured to fit in the space in which the other part is vacant, so that the thinning is realized. Moreover, it is the structure which arrange | positions an electrical contact between one segment connected with the buckle and the other segment.

(Overall configuration of smart watch)
FIG. 23 shows the overall configuration of the smart watch.
The band-type electronic device 2000 is a metal band attached to the watch main body 3000 and is attached to the user's arm. The watch body 3000 includes a dial 3100 for displaying time. The watch body 3000 may display the time electronically on a liquid crystal display or the like instead of the dial 3100.

  The band-type electronic device 2000 has a configuration in which a plurality of segments 2101 to 2230 are connected. The segment 2110 is attached to one band attachment hole of the watch body 3000, and the segment 2230 is attached to the other band attachment hole of the watch body 3000. In this application example, each segment 2101 to 2230 is made of metal.

  23 and 24 show a state in which the watch main body 3000 and the segment 2230 are separated in order to explain the configuration of the band-type electronic device 2000, but the segment 2230 is attached to the watch main body 3000 in actual use. It is done. By attaching the segment 2230 to the watch main body 3000, the band-type electronic device 2000 can be worn on the user's arm in the same manner as a normal wristwatch. The connection locations of the segments 2110 to 2230 can be moved. Since the connection part of the segment is movable, the band-type electronic device 2000 can be fitted to the user's arm.

  A buckle portion 2300 is disposed between the segment 2170 and the segment 2160. The buckle portion 2300 extends long when unlocked and shortens when locked. Each segment 2110 to 2230 is configured in a plurality of sizes. For example, the segment 2170 connected to the buckle portion 2300 is the largest size.

(Segment internal overview)
FIG. 25 shows a part of the internal configuration of the band-type electronic apparatus 2000. For example, the inside of three segments 2170, 2180, 2190, 2200, and 2210 is shown. In the band-type electronic device 2000, the flexible circuit board 2400 is disposed inside five continuous segments 2170 to 2210. Various electronic components are arranged in the segment 2170, batteries 2411 and 2421 are arranged in the segments 2190 and 2210, and these components are electrically connected by the flexible circuit board 2400. A segment 2180 between the segment 2170 and the segment 2190 has a relatively small size, and the flexible circuit board 2400 in a meandering state is disposed. Inside the segment 2180, the flexible circuit board 2400 is disposed in a state of being sandwiched between waterproofing members. The inside of the segments 2170 to 2210 has a waterproof structure. The waterproof structure of the segments 2170 to 2210 will be described later.

(Smart watch circuit configuration)
FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the band-type electronic apparatus 2000. The circuit inside the band-type electronic device 2000 has a configuration independent of the watch main body 3000. The watch main body 3000 includes a movement unit 3200 that rotates hands arranged on the dial 3100. A battery 3300 is connected to the movement unit 3200. The movement unit 3200 and the battery 3300 are built in the casing of the watch main body 3000.

  In the band-type electronic device 2000 connected to the watch body 3000, electronic components are arranged in three segments 2170, 2190, and 2210. In the segment 2170, a data processing unit 4101, a wireless communication unit 4102, an NFC communication unit 4104, and a GPS unit 4106 are arranged. Antennas 4103, 4105, and 4107 are connected to the wireless communication unit 4102, the NFC communication unit 4104, and the GPS unit 4106, respectively. Each antenna 4103, 4105, 4107 is arranged in the vicinity of a slit 2173 described later of the segment 2170.

The wireless communication unit 4102 performs short-range wireless communication with other terminals based on, for example, Bluetooth (registered trademark) standards. The NFC communication unit 4104 performs wireless communication with a nearby reader / writer according to the NFC standard. The GPS unit 4106 is a positioning unit that receives radio waves from a satellite of a system called GPS (Global Positioning System) and measures the current position. Data obtained by the wireless communication unit 4102, the NFC communication unit 4104, and the GPS unit 4106 is supplied to the data processing unit 4101.

  In the segment 2170, a display 4108, a vibrator 4109, a motion sensor 4110, and an audio processing unit 4111 are arranged. The display 4108 and the vibrator 4109 function as a notification unit that notifies the wearer of the band-type electronic device 2000. The display 4108 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes, and notifies the user by lighting or blinking of the light emitting diodes. The plurality of light emitting diodes are disposed, for example, in a slit 2173 described later of the segment 2170, and notification of incoming calls or reception of e-mails is made by lighting or blinking. The display 4108 may be a type that displays characters, numbers, and the like. Vibrator 4109 is a member that vibrates segment 2170. The band-type electronic device 2000 notifies the incoming call or the reception of an e-mail by the vibration of the segment 2170 by the vibrator 4109.

  The motion sensor 4110 detects the movement of the user wearing the band-type electronic device 2000. As the motion sensor 4110, an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, an electronic compass, an atmospheric pressure sensor, or the like is used. The segment 2170 may incorporate a sensor other than the motion sensor 4110. For example, a biosensor that detects the pulse of the user wearing the band-type electronic device 2000 may be incorporated. A microphone 4112 and a speaker 4113 are connected to the audio processing unit 4111, and the audio processing unit 4111 performs a call process with the other party connected by wireless communication in the wireless communication unit 4102. The voice processing unit 4111 can also perform processing for voice input operation.

  The segment 2190 includes a battery 2411 and the segment 2210 includes a battery 2421. The batteries 2411 and 2421 are configured by, for example, all solid state batteries, and supply driving power to the circuits in the segment 2170. A circuit in the segment 2170 and the batteries 2411 and 2421 are connected by a flexible circuit board 2400. Although not shown, the segment 2170 includes terminals for charging the batteries 2411 and 2421. Further, electronic components other than the batteries 2411 and 2421 may be arranged in the segments 2190 and 2210. For example, the segments 2190 and 2210 may include a circuit that controls charging and discharging of the batteries 2411 and 2421.

(Example of arrangement of parts in a segment)
FIG. 25 shows a configuration of segments 2170 to 2210 in which electronic components and the like are arranged, and a buckle portion 2300 connected to the segment 2170. The segments 2170 to 2210 are shown with a lid member (not shown) opened. The casing constituting each of the segments 2170 to 2210 is formed of a metal such as stainless steel.

  A flexible circuit board 2400 and electronic components attached to the flexible circuit board 2400 are arranged inside the segments 2170 to 2210. FIG. 25 shows a state where the first member 2310 and the second member 2320 of the buckle portion 2300 are opened. Buckle portion 2300 is arranged at a position overlapping the back surface (upper side in FIG. 25) of segment 2170 when first member 2310 and second member 2320 are closed.

  The segment 2170 is larger in size than the other segments, and each electronic component shown in FIG. 26 is accommodated. An internal housing 2500 made of a transparent resin (or translucent resin) is disposed inside the segment 2170, and a flexible circuit board 2401 and the like are disposed in the internal housing 2500. One connecting portion 2171 of the segment 2170 is connected to the connecting portion 2330 of the buckle portion 2300. Further, the other connecting portion 2172 of the segment 2170 is connected to the connecting portion 2183 of the segment 2180. A connecting portion 2184 of the segment 2180 is connected to the segment 2190. Further, a segment 2200 is connected next to the segment 2190, and a segment 2210 is connected next to the segment 2200. In each connection part, two segments are connected using a connection pin (not shown).

  A slit 2173 is formed on the surface of the segment 2170. A plurality of light emitting diodes constituting the display 4108 is disposed in the inner casing 2500 made of a transparent or translucent resin in the vicinity of the slit 2173. Therefore, the user can confirm light emission or blinking of the light emitting diode through the slit 2173 of the segment 2170. By such light emission and blinking of the light emitting diodes, various states such as incoming calls and reception of e-mails are notified. In addition, the antennas 4103, 4105, and 4107 are arranged in the internal housing 2500 close to the slit 2173. Therefore, the antennas 4103, 4105, and 4107 can maintain a good communication state with the outside of the metal segment 2170.

  A first portion 2401 of the flexible circuit board 2400 is disposed in the internal housing 2500 of the segment 2170. The first portion 2401 of the flexible circuit board 2400 is connected to the rigid board 2440 through the connection member 2431. Various electronic components 2441, 2442, 2443,... Are connected to the rigid board 2440. Electronic components 2441, 2442, 2443,... Correspond to the processing units 4101 to 4113 shown in FIG.

  The segment 2190 and the segment 2210 are sized to accommodate the batteries 2411 and 2421. Segment 2180 and segment 2200 are smaller in size than segments 2190 and 2210. The second portion 2402 of the flexible circuit board 2400 is disposed in a meandering state on the segment 2180. A battery 2411 is connected to the third portion 2403 of the flexible circuit board 2400. The fourth portion 2404 of the flexible circuit board 2400 is disposed in a meandering state on the segment 2200. A battery 2421 is connected to the fifth portion 2405 of the flexible circuit board 2400. Details of the meandering state of the flexible circuit board 2400 will be described with reference to FIG.

(Arrangement state of flexible circuit board)
FIG. 27 is a sectional view showing a state in which the flexible circuit board 2400 is disposed inside the segments 2170 to 2190. The flexible circuit board 2400 is continuously arranged in each of the segments 2170 to 2190. As shown in FIG. 27, the flexible circuit board 2400 passes through the inside of the connecting portion 2171 of the segment 2170 and the connecting portion 2183 of the segment 2180. In this case, a waterproof member 2174 is disposed inside the connecting portion 2171 at a location where the flexible circuit board 2400 passes, and water intrusion into the segment 2170 is prevented. In addition, a waterproof member 2175 is also disposed in the internal housing 2500 of the segment 2170.

  Further, waterproof members 2181 and 2182 (see FIG. 24) are disposed inside the segment 2180, and water intrusion into the segment 2180 is prevented. Each waterproof member 2174, 2175, 2181, 2182 is formed of a relatively soft resin, for example, and the gap between the inside of the segment 2180 and the flexible circuit board 2400 is closed. Inside the segment 2180, the flexible circuit board 2400 is arranged in a meandering state. That is, a curved meandering portion 2400X is formed on the flexible circuit board 2400 inside the segment 2180.

  The meandering portion 2400X of the flexible circuit board 2400 functions to prevent damage to the flexible circuit board 2400. For example, even when the connecting portion between the segment 2180 and the segment 2170 is bent greatly, the meandering portion 2400X of the flexible circuit board 2400 extends linearly and the flexible circuit board 2400 is not pulled. Therefore, the trouble that the circuit pattern in the flexible circuit board 2400 breaks does not occur.

  The meandering portion 2400X shown in FIG. 27 is an example, and other shapes may be used. That is, the meandering portion 2400X can have various meandering shapes such as an S shape, a V shape, a U shape, a Z shape, a curved shape, a semicircular shape, and a polygonal line shape.

  The present technology can be applied when an all solid state battery is used as the battery 2411 described above.

(Battery arrangement)
FIG. 28 shows a state where the battery 2411 is arranged in the segment 2190. The configuration in which the battery 2421 is arranged in the segment 2210 is the same. A battery 2411 is arranged at a battery arrangement location 2191 inside the segment 2190. At this time, the adhesive sheet 2703 is arranged between the battery arrangement location 2191 and the battery 2411.

  Further, the third portion 2403 of the flexible circuit board 2400 is bonded to the surface of the battery 2411 (upper side in FIG. 28) with an adhesive sheet 2701. By adhesion using the adhesive sheet 2701, the electrodes 2411A and 2411B on the surface of the battery 2411 are connected to the circuit pattern in the flexible circuit board 2400. Further, the surface of the battery 2411 is bonded to a lid (not shown) of the segment 2190 via the adhesive sheet 2702. Here, the adhesive sheet 2701 is configured to block the periphery of the surface of the battery 2411. Therefore, the adhesive sheet 2701 functions as a waterproof member for the battery 2411 in the segment 2190. The battery may be disposed in another segment of the band type electronic device 2000.

  The smart watch described above can perform notifications such as incoming e-mails and telephone calls, record logs of user activity histories, telephone calls, and the like. In addition, the smart watch has a function as a non-contact type IC card and can perform settlement and authentication using the non-contact type IC card. In addition, since the smart watch of this example can use the same watch body as that of a conventional watch, it can be a wristwatch with excellent design. In addition, the plurality of segments have a waterproof structure and have the effect that the circuit pattern is not blocked because the flexible circuit board is meandered. Furthermore, since the antenna in the metal segment 2170 is arranged in the vicinity of the slit of the segment 2170, transmission and reception can be performed satisfactorily.

“Glasses type terminal as an application example”
Hereinafter, application examples in which the present technology is applied to a head-mounted display (a glasses-type terminal represented by a head-mounted display (HMD)) will be described.
The glasses-type terminal described below can display information such as text, symbols, and images superimposed on the scenery in front of you. That is, a light-weight and thin image display device display module dedicated to a transmissive glasses-type terminal is mounted.

  This image display device includes an optical engine and a hologram light guide plate. The optical engine emits image light such as an image and text using a micro display lens. This image light is incident on the hologram light guide plate. The hologram light guide plate has hologram optical elements incorporated at both ends of the transparent plate, and the image light from the optical engine is propagated through a very thin transparent plate having a thickness of 1 mm to the eyes of the observer. deliver. With such a configuration, a lens having a transmittance of, for example, 85% and a thickness of 3 mm (including protective plates before and after the light guide plate) is realized. With such a glasses-type terminal, it is possible to see the results of players and teams in real time while watching sports, and to display a tourist guide at a destination.

  In a specific example of the glasses-type terminal, as shown in FIG. 29, the image display unit has a glasses-type configuration. That is, as with normal glasses, the frame 5003 for holding the right image display unit 5001 and the left image display unit 5002 is provided in front of the eyes. The frame 5003 includes a front portion 5004 disposed in front of the observer, and two temple portions 5005 and 5006 that are rotatably attached to both ends of the front portion 5004 via hinges. The frame 5003 is made of the same material as that of normal glasses, such as metal, alloy, plastic, or a combination thereof. A headphone unit may be provided.

  The right image display unit 5001 and the left image display unit 5002 are arranged so as to be positioned in front of the user's right eye and in front of the left eye, respectively. Temple units 5005 and 5006 hold the image display units 5001 and 5002 on the user's head. A right display driving unit 5007 is disposed inside the temple unit 5005 at a connection portion between the front unit 5004 and the temple unit 5005. A left display driving unit 5008 is arranged inside the temple unit 5006 at a connection portion between the front unit 5004 and the temple unit 5006.

  Although omitted in FIG. 29, a frame, an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope, an electronic compass, a microphone / speaker, and the like are mounted on the frame 5003. The present technology can be applied when using an all-solid battery as a battery. Further, an image pickup apparatus is attached, and still images / moving images can be taken. In addition, a controller connected to the glasses unit via, for example, a wireless or wired interface is provided. The controller is provided with a touch sensor, various buttons, a speaker, a microphone, and the like. Furthermore, it has a linkage function with a smartphone. For example, it is possible to provide information according to the user's situation by utilizing the GPS function of a smartphone. Hereinafter, the image display device (the right image display unit 5001 or the left image display unit 5002) will be mainly described.

  FIG. 30 shows a conceptual diagram of a first example of an image display device (right image display unit 5001 or left image display unit 5002) of a glasses-type terminal. Note that the image display device in the eyeglass-type terminal of the first example includes the first configuration of the image generation device and the first configuration of the optical device.

  The image display device 5100 receives the light emitted from the image generation device 5110 configured from the image generation device having the first configuration and the image generation device 5110, is guided, and is emitted toward the pupil 5041 of the observer. Optical device (light guiding means) 5120. The optical device 5120 is attached to the image generation device 5110.

  The optical device 5120 includes the optical device having the first configuration, and the light incident from the image generation device 5110 propagates through the interior by total reflection, and then is emitted toward the observer's pupil 5041. The first light deflecting unit 5130 that deflects the light incident on the light guide plate 5121 and the light guide plate 5121 are propagated by total reflection so that the light incident on the light guide plate 5121 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 5121. In order to emit the emitted light from the light guide plate 5121, second deflection means 5140 is provided that deflects the light propagated through the light guide plate 5121 by total reflection over a plurality of times.

The first deflecting unit 5130 and the second deflecting unit 5140 are disposed inside the light guide plate 5121. The first deflecting unit 5130 reflects the light incident on the light guide plate 5121, and the second deflecting unit 5140 transmits the light propagating through the light guide plate 5121 by total reflection, and transmits and reflects the light. To do. That is, the first deflecting unit 5130 functions as a reflecting mirror, and the second deflecting unit 5140 functions as a semi-transmissive mirror. More specifically, the first deflecting means 5130 provided inside the light guide plate 5121 is made of aluminum, and is composed of a light reflecting film (a kind of mirror) that reflects light incident on the light guide plate 5121. . On the other hand, the second deflecting means 5140 provided inside the light guide plate 5121 is composed of a multilayer laminated structure in which a large number of dielectric laminated films are laminated. The dielectric laminated film is composed of, for example, a TiO ₂ film as a high dielectric constant material and an SiO ₂ film as a low dielectric constant material. In the figure, a six-layer dielectric laminated film is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this.

  A thin piece made of the same material as that constituting the light guide plate 5121 is sandwiched between the dielectric laminated film and the dielectric laminated film. In the first deflecting means 5130, the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 5121 is reflected (or diffracted) so that the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 5121 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 5121. . On the other hand, in the second deflecting unit 5140, the parallel light propagated through the light guide plate 5121 by total reflection is reflected (or diffracted) a plurality of times and is emitted from the light guide plate 5121 in the state of parallel light.

  The first deflecting unit 5130 cuts out a portion 5124 of the light guide plate 5121 where the first deflecting unit 5130 is provided, thereby providing the light guide plate 5121 with an inclined surface on which the first deflecting unit 5130 is to be formed, and vacuuming the light reflecting film on the inclined surface. After vapor deposition, the cut-out portion 5124 of the light guide plate 5121 may be bonded to the first deflecting means 5130. In addition, the second deflecting unit 5140 is formed by laminating a large number of the same material (for example, glass) as the material constituting the light guide plate 5121 and a dielectric laminated film (for example, it can be formed by a vacuum deposition method). A multilayer laminated structure is manufactured, and a portion 5125 provided with the second deflecting means 5140 of the light guide plate 5121 is cut out to form a slope, and the multilayer laminated structure is bonded to the slope and polished to adjust the outer shape. That's fine. In this way, an optical device 5120 in which the first deflection unit 5130 and the second deflection unit 5140 are provided inside the light guide plate 5121 can be obtained.

  The light guide plate 5121 made of optical glass or plastic material has two parallel surfaces (a first surface 5122 and a second surface 5123) extending in parallel with the axis of the light guide plate 5121. The first surface 5122 and the second surface 5123 are opposed to each other. Then, parallel light enters from the first surface 5122 corresponding to the light incident surface, propagates through the interior by total reflection, and then exits from the first surface 5122 corresponding to the light exit surface.

  The image generation device 5110 includes the first configuration image generation device, the image formation device 5111 having a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and the pixels of the image formation device 5111. A collimating optical system 5112 for emitting light as parallel light is provided.

Here, the image forming apparatus 5111 includes a reflective spatial light modulator 5150 and a light source 5153 including a light emitting diode that emits white light. More specifically, the reflective spatial light modulator 5150 reflects a part of light from a liquid crystal display (LCD) 5151 composed of LCOS (Liquid Crystal On Silicon) as a light valve and a light source 5153. The polarizing beam splitter 5152 is guided to the liquid crystal display device 5151, and part of the light reflected by the liquid crystal display device 5151 is transmitted to the collimating optical system 5112. The LCD is not limited to the LCOS type.

  The liquid crystal display device 5151 includes a plurality of (for example, 320 × 240) pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. The polarization beam splitter 5152 has a known configuration and structure. Non-polarized light emitted from the light source 5153 collides with the polarization beam splitter 5152. In the polarization beam splitter 5152, the P-polarized component passes and is emitted out of the system. On the other hand, the S-polarized component is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 5152, enters the liquid crystal display device 5151, is reflected inside the liquid crystal display device 5151, and is emitted from the liquid crystal display device 5151. Here, among the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 5151, the light emitted from the pixel displaying “white” contains a lot of P-polarized light components, and the light emitted from the pixel displaying “black” is S-polarized light. Contains many ingredients. Therefore, among the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 5151 and colliding with the polarization beam splitter 5152, the P-polarized component passes through the polarization beam splitter 5152 and is guided to the collimating optical system 5112.

  On the other hand, the S polarization component is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 5152 and returned to the light source 5153. The liquid crystal display device 5151 includes, for example, a plurality of (for example, 320 × 240) pixels (the number of liquid crystal cells is three times the number of pixels) arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. The collimating optical system 112 is composed of, for example, a convex lens, and in order to generate parallel light, the image forming apparatus 5111 (more specifically, the liquid crystal display device 5151) is located at the focal position (position) in the collimating optical system 5112. Is arranged. One pixel is composed of a red light emitting subpixel that emits red, a green light emitting subpixel that emits green, and a blue light emitting subpixel that emits blue.

  Furthermore, in the eyeglass-type terminal including the above preferred form and configuration, the image display device is incident and guided by the light emitted from the image generation device and the image generation device, toward the observer's pupil. It is comprised from the optical device (light guide means) radiate | emitted. The optical device can be configured to be attached to the image generation device, for example.

  The second example is a modification of the first example. A conceptual diagram of an image display device 5200 in the glasses-type terminal of the second example is shown in FIG. In the second example, the image generation device 5210 is composed of an image generation device having a second configuration. Specifically, the light source 5251, the collimating optical system 5252 that converts the light emitted from the light source 5251 into parallel light, the scanning unit 5253 that scans the parallel light emitted from the collimating optical system 5252, and the scanning unit 5253 are scanned. The relay optical system 5254 relays and emits the parallel light. Note that the image generation device 5210 is covered with a cover 5213.

  The light source 5251 includes a red light emitting element 5251R that emits red light, a green light emitting element 5251G that emits green light, and a blue light emitting element 5251B that emits blue light. Each light emitting element is formed of a semiconductor laser element. The light of the three primary colors emitted from the light source 5251 passes through the cross prism 5255, color synthesis is performed, the optical path is unified, and enters the collimating optical system 5252 having a positive optical power as a whole, It is emitted as parallel light. Then, the parallel light is reflected by the total reflection mirror 5256, the micro mirror can be rotated in the two-dimensional direction, and the scanning made of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) that can scan the incident parallel light two-dimensionally. The means 5253 performs horizontal scanning and vertical scanning to form a kind of two-dimensional image and generate virtual pixels. Then, light from the virtual pixel passes through a relay optical system 5254 configured by a well-known relay optical system, and a light beam converted into parallel light enters the optical device 5120.

  The optical device 5120 in which the light beam converted into parallel light by the relay optical system 5254 is incident, guided, and emitted has the same configuration and structure as the optical device described in the first example. Is omitted. Further, as described above, the glasses-type terminal of the second example has substantially the same configuration and structure as the glasses-type terminal of the first example, except that the image generation device 5210 is different. Is omitted.

  The third example is also a modification of the first example. FIG. 32A shows a conceptual diagram of an image display device 5300 in the glasses-type terminal of the third example. FIG. 32B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. In the third example, the image generation device 5110 has the same configuration as that of the first example. The optical device (light guide unit) 5320 has the same basic configuration as the optical device 5120 of the first example, except that the configuration and structure of the first deflection unit and the second deflection unit are different.

  That is, similar to the optical device 5120 of the first example, the light incident from the image generating device 5110 propagates through the interior by total reflection, and then is emitted toward the pupil 5041 of the observer, the light guide plate The first deflection means 5330 for deflecting the light incident on the light guide plate 5321 and the light propagated through the light guide plate 5321 by total reflection so that the light incident on the light guide plate 5321 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 5321. In order to emit light from the light guide plate 5321, second deflecting means 5340 is provided that deflects light propagated through the light guide plate 5321 by total reflection over a plurality of times.

  In the third example, the optical device 5320 includes the optical device having the second configuration. That is, the first deflection unit and the second deflection unit are disposed on the surface of the light guide plate 5321 (specifically, the second surface 5323 of the light guide plate 5321). The first deflecting unit diffracts the light incident on the light guide plate 5321, and the second deflecting unit diffracts the light propagated through the light guide plate 5321 by total reflection over a plurality of times. Here, the first deflecting unit and the second deflecting unit include a diffraction grating element, specifically a reflective diffraction grating element, and more specifically a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. In the following description, the first deflecting means composed of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating is referred to as a “first diffraction grating member 5330” for convenience, and the second deflecting means composed of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating is referred to as “first diffraction means for convenience. 2 diffraction grating member 5340 ".

  In the third example or the fourth example described later, the first diffraction grating member 5330 and the second diffraction grating member 5340 are divided into different P types (specifically, P = 3, red, A structure in which a P diffraction grating layer composed of a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating is laminated so as to correspond to diffraction reflection of P kinds of light having three wavelength bands (or wavelengths) of green and blue). It is said. Each diffraction grating layer made of a photopolymer material is formed with interference fringes corresponding to one type of wavelength band (or wavelength), and is produced by a conventional method. More specifically, a structure in which a diffraction grating layer that diffracts and reflects red light, a diffraction grating layer that diffracts and reflects green light, and a diffraction grating layer that diffracts and reflects blue light is stacked. The diffraction grating member 5330 and the second diffraction grating member 5340 are included. The pitch of the interference fringes formed in the diffraction grating layer (diffractive optical element) is constant, the interference fringes are linear, and are parallel to the Z-axis direction. The axial direction of the first diffraction grating member 5330 and the second diffraction grating member 5340 is defined as the Y-axis direction, and the normal direction is defined as the X-axis direction. In FIG. 32A, the first diffraction grating member 5330 and the second diffraction grating member 5340 are shown as one layer. By adopting such a configuration, the diffraction efficiency increases when the light having each wavelength band (or wavelength) is diffracted and reflected by the first diffraction grating member 5330 and the second diffraction grating member 5340, and the diffraction acceptance angle. And the diffraction angle can be optimized.

  FIG. 32B shows an enlarged schematic partial cross-sectional view of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. In the reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating, interference fringes having an inclination angle φ are formed. Here, the inclination angle φ refers to an angle formed between the surface of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating and the interference fringes. The interference fringes are formed from the inside to the surface of the reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating. The interference fringes satisfy the Bragg condition. Here, the Bragg condition refers to a condition that satisfies the following formula (A). In equation (A), m is a positive integer, λ is the wavelength, d is the pitch of the grating plane (the interval in the normal direction of the virtual plane including the interference fringes), and Θ is the complementary angle of the angle incident on the interference fringes To do. In addition, when light enters the diffraction grating member at the incident angle ψ, the relationship among Θ, the tilt angle φ, and the incident angle ψ is as shown in Expression (B).

m · λ = 2 · d · sin (Θ) (A)
Θ = 90 °-(φ + ψ) (B)

  As described above, the first diffraction grating member 5330 is disposed (adhered) to the second surface 5323 of the light guide plate 5321, and the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 5321 from the first surface 5322 is reflected on the light guide plate 5321. The parallel light incident on the light guide plate 5321 is diffracted and reflected so as to be totally reflected inside. Furthermore, as described above, the second diffraction grating member 5340 is disposed (adhered) to the second surface 5323 of the light guide plate 5321, and a plurality of the parallel lights propagated through the light guide plate 5321 by total reflection. Diffracted and reflected once, and is emitted from the first surface 5322 as parallel light from the light guide plate 5321.

  Even in the light guide plate 5321, parallel light of three colors of red, green, and blue is emitted after propagating through the interior through total reflection. At this time, since the light guide plate 5321 is thin and the optical path traveling through the light guide plate 5321 is long, the total number of reflections until reaching the second diffraction grating member 5340 differs depending on the angle of view. More specifically, out of the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 5321, the number of reflections of parallel light incident at an angle in a direction approaching the second diffraction grating member 5340 has an angle in a direction away from the second diffraction grating member 5340. This is less than the number of reflections of parallel light incident on the light guide plate 5321. This is parallel light that is diffracted and reflected by the first diffraction grating member 5330, and parallel light incident on the light guide plate 5321 with an angle approaching the second diffraction grating member 5340 has an angle opposite to this direction. This is because the angle formed with the normal line of the light guide plate 5321 when the light propagating through the light guide plate 5321 collides with the inner surface of the light guide plate 5321 is smaller than the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 5321. The shape of the interference fringes formed inside the second diffraction grating member 5340 and the shape of the interference fringes formed inside the first diffraction grating member 5330 are on a virtual plane perpendicular to the axis of the light guide plate 5321. There is a symmetrical relationship.

  A light guide plate 5321 in a fourth example to be described later also basically has the same configuration and structure as the configuration and structure of the light guide plate 5321 described above.

  As described above, the glasses-type terminal of the third example has substantially the same configuration and structure as the glasses-type terminal of the first example, except that the optical device 5320 is different. .

  The fourth example is a modification of the third example. FIG. 33 shows a conceptual diagram of the image display device in the glasses-type terminal of the fourth example. The light source 5251, the collimating optical system 5252, the scanning unit 5253, the relay optical system 5254, and the like in the image display device 5400 of the fourth example have the same configuration and structure as the second example. The optical device 5320 in the fourth example has the same configuration and structure as the optical device 5320 in the third example. Since the glasses-type terminal of the fourth example has substantially the same configuration and structure as the glasses-type terminal of the first example except for the above differences, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

"Vehicle power storage system as an application example"
An example in which the present disclosure is applied to a power storage system for a vehicle will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 34 schematically illustrates an example of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present disclosure is applied. A series hybrid system is a vehicle that runs on an electric power driving force conversion device using electric power generated by a generator driven by an engine or electric power that is temporarily stored in a battery.

  The hybrid vehicle 7200 includes an engine 7201, a generator 7202, a power driving force conversion device 7203, a driving wheel 7204a, a driving wheel 7204b, a wheel 7205a, a wheel 7205b, a battery 7208, a vehicle control device 7209, various sensors 7210, and a charging port 7211. Is installed. The above-described power storage device of the present disclosure is applied to the battery 7208.

  Hybrid vehicle 7200 travels using electric power / driving force conversion device 7203 as a power source. An example of the power driving force conversion device 7203 is a motor. The electric power / driving force conversion device 7203 is operated by the electric power of the battery 7208, and the rotational force of the electric power / driving force conversion device 7203 is transmitted to the driving wheels 7204a and 7204b. Note that the power driving force conversion device 7203 can be applied to either an AC motor or a DC motor by using DC-AC (DC-AC) or reverse conversion (AC-DC conversion) where necessary. Various sensors 7210 control the engine speed through the vehicle control device 7209 and control the opening of a throttle valve (throttle opening) (not shown). Various sensors 7210 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an engine speed sensor, and the like.

  The rotational force of the engine 7201 is transmitted to the generator 7202, and the electric power generated by the generator 7202 by the rotational force can be stored in the battery 7208.

  When the hybrid vehicle decelerates by a braking mechanism (not shown), the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied as a rotational force to the electric power driving force conversion device 7203, and the regenerative electric power generated by the electric power driving force conversion device 7203 by this rotational force is supplied to the battery 7208. Accumulated.

  The battery 7208 is connected to a power source outside the hybrid vehicle, so that it can receive power from the external power source using the charging port 211 as an input port and store the received power.

  Although not shown, an information processing device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the secondary battery may be provided. As such an information processing apparatus, for example, there is an information processing apparatus that displays a remaining battery level based on information on the remaining battery level.

  In addition, the above demonstrated as an example the series hybrid vehicle which drive | works with a motor using the electric power generated with the generator driven by an engine, or the electric power once stored in the battery. However, the present disclosure is also effective for a parallel hybrid vehicle that uses both engine and motor outputs as drive sources, and switches between the three modes of running with the engine alone, running with the motor alone, and engine and motor running as appropriate. Applicable. Furthermore, the present disclosure can be effectively applied to a so-called electric vehicle that travels only by a drive motor without using an engine.

  Heretofore, an example of the hybrid vehicle 7200 to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described. The technology according to the present disclosure can be suitably applied to the battery 7208 among the configurations described above. Specifically, by using an all-solid-state battery as the battery 7208 and applying the technology according to the present technology as the charge / discharge device, it is possible to prevent the battery from being deteriorated.

"Storage system in a house as an application example"
An example in which the present disclosure is applied to a residential power storage system will be described with reference to FIG. For example, in a power storage system 9100 for a house 9001, power is stored from a centralized power system 9002 such as a thermal power generation 9002a, a nuclear power generation 9002b, and a hydropower generation 9002c through a power network 9009, an information network 9012, a smart meter 9007, a power hub 9008, and the like. Supplied to the device 9003.
At the same time, power is supplied to the power storage device 9003 from an independent power source such as the home power generation device 9004. The electric power supplied to the power storage device 9003 is stored. Electric power used in the house 9001 is supplied using the power storage device 9003. The same power storage system can be used not only for the house 9001 but also for buildings.

  The house 9001 is provided with a power generation device 9004, a power consumption device 9005, a power storage device 9003, a control device 9010 that controls each device, a smart meter 9007, and a sensor 9011 that acquires various types of information. Each device is connected by a power network 9009 and an information network 9012. As the power generation device 9004, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like is used, and the generated power is supplied to the power consumption device 9005 and / or the power storage device 9003. The power consuming apparatus 9005 is a refrigerator 9005a, an air conditioner 9005b, a television receiver 9005c, a bath 9005d, or the like. Furthermore, the electric power consumption device 9005 includes an electric vehicle 9006. The electric vehicle 9006 is an electric vehicle 9006a, a hybrid car 9006b, and an electric motorcycle 9006c.

  The above-described all solid state battery of the present disclosure is applied to the power storage device 9003. The power storage device 9003 is composed of a secondary battery or a capacitor. For example, a lithium ion battery is used. The lithium ion battery may be a stationary type or used in the electric vehicle 9006. The smart meter 9007 has a function of measuring the usage amount of commercial power and transmitting the measured usage amount to an electric power company. The power network 9009 may be any one or a combination of DC power supply, AC power supply, and non-contact power supply.

  The various sensors 9011 are, for example, human sensors, illuminance sensors, object detection sensors, power consumption sensors, vibration sensors, contact sensors, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, and the like. Information acquired by the various sensors 9011 is transmitted to the control device 9010. Based on the information from the sensor 9011, the weather condition, the condition of the person, and the like can be grasped, and the power consumption device 9005 can be automatically controlled to minimize the energy consumption. Furthermore, the control device 9010 can transmit information on the house 9001 to an external power company or the like via the Internet.

The power hub 9008 performs processing such as branching of power lines and DC / AC conversion. Communication methods of the information network 9012 connected to the control device 9010 include a method using a communication interface such as UART (Universal synchronous Receiver-Transmitter), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee, Wi-Fi. There is a method of using a sensor network based on a wireless communication standard such as. The Bluetooth (registered trademark) system is applied to multimedia communication and can perform one-to-many connection communication. ZigBee uses the physical layer of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.15.4. IEEE 802.15.4 is the name of a short-range wireless network standard called PAN (Personal Area Network) or W (Wireless) PAN.

  The control device 9010 is connected to an external server 9013. The server 9013 may be managed by any one of the house 9001, the electric power company, and the service provider. The information transmitted / received by the server 9013 is, for example, information related to power consumption information, life pattern information, power charges, weather information, natural disaster information, and power transactions. These pieces of information may be transmitted / received from a power consuming device (for example, a television receiver) in the home, or may be transmitted / received from a device outside the home (for example, a mobile phone). Such information may be displayed on a device having a display function, such as a television receiver, a mobile phone, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants).

  A control device 9010 that controls each unit includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and is stored in the power storage device 9003 in this example. The control device 9010 is connected to the power storage device 9003, the home power generation device 9004, the power consumption device 9005, the various sensors 9011, the server 9013, and the information network 9012. For example, the control device 9010 functions to adjust the amount of commercial power used and the amount of power generation. have. In addition, you may provide the function etc. which carry out an electric power transaction in an electric power market.

  As described above, electric power can be stored not only in the centralized power system 9002 such as the thermal power 9002a, the nuclear power 9002b, and the hydropower 9002c, but also in the power storage device 9003. it can. Therefore, even if the generated power of the home power generation apparatus 9004 fluctuates, it is possible to perform control such that the amount of power to be sent to the outside is constant or discharge is performed as necessary. For example, the power obtained by solar power generation is stored in the power storage device 9003, and midnight power with a low charge is stored in the power storage device 9003 at night, and the power stored by the power storage device 9003 is discharged during a high daytime charge. You can also use it.

  In this example, the example in which the control device 9010 is stored in the power storage device 9003 has been described. However, the control device 9010 may be stored in the smart meter 9007 or may be configured independently. Furthermore, the power storage system 9100 may be used for a plurality of homes in an apartment house, or may be used for a plurality of detached houses.

  Heretofore, an example of the power storage system 9100 to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described. Of the configurations described above, the technology according to the present technology can be preferably applied to the power storage device 9003. However, since the present technology supplies DC power, it is necessary to convert DC power into AC power for supply to household AC devices.

<< 3. Modification >>
Although one embodiment of the present technology has been specifically described above, the present technology is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications based on the technical idea of the present technology are possible. . For example, the configuration, method, process, shape, material, numerical value, and the like given in the above-described embodiment are merely examples, and different configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like are used as necessary. Also good. In addition, chemical formulas of compounds and the like are representative and are not limited to the described valences and the like as long as they are general names of the same compounds.

In addition, this technique can also take the following structures.
(1)
A charging device that performs constant current charging on a secondary battery, and is capable of switching to constant voltage charging when the battery voltage of the secondary battery reaches a charging reference voltage,
As a switching judgment circuit when switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, a hysteresis circuit consisting of an operational amplifier or a comparator is provided,
A charging device in which a hysteresis upper limit voltage and a charging voltage of the hysteresis circuit are substantially equal.
(2)
The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier or comparator is the input terminal A, the non-inverting input terminal is the input terminal B,
The switching determination circuit applies, to the input terminal A, a voltage obtained by dividing the battery voltage by a resistor R1 between the battery voltage terminal and the input terminal A, and a resistor R2 between the input terminal A and the output terminal of the operational amplifier or comparator.
(1) configured to apply to the input terminal B a voltage obtained by dividing the charging reference voltage by the resistor R3 between the charging reference voltage terminal and the input terminal B and the resistor R4 between the input terminal B and the ground terminal. Charging device.
(3)
The voltage dividing resistance value for matching the hysteresis upper limit voltage and the charging reference voltage satisfies (R1: R2 = R3: R4), and the allowable value of the difference between the resistance ratios is (+ / -) The charging device according to (2), which is within 1%.
(4)
The difference between the hysteresis upper limit voltage and the hysteresis lower limit voltage of the hysteresis circuit is equal to or greater than a voltage ΔV1 obtained by multiplying an internal resistance of the secondary battery and a constant current charging current value, according to 1, from (1) to (3). Charging device.
(5)
The charging device according to 1, wherein the secondary battery and the charging circuit are cut off after an arbitrary time has elapsed since the charging state shifted to constant voltage charging.
(6)
After the arbitrary time has elapsed, when the voltage of the secondary battery decreases due to spontaneous discharge or connection to a load and becomes equal to or lower than the hysteresis lower limit voltage, it is configured to switch to constant current charging again. The charging device according to (5).
(7)
The battery voltage and the charging reference voltage are supplied to each input terminal of the operational amplifier or the comparator through a buffer circuit configured as a voltage follower circuit using an operational amplifier (1) to (6). 2. The charging device according to 1.
(8)
The charging device according to 1, wherein a time constant circuit is connected in parallel to the secondary battery.
(9)
As a switching circuit for switching between constant current charging and constant voltage charging, it has two sets of two N-channel MOSFETs whose gates and drains are connected to each other,
When a voltage higher than the sum of the battery voltage or the charging reference voltage and the gate threshold voltage of the N-channel MOSFET is applied to the common gate terminal, the common gate terminal becomes conductive, and a voltage lower than that is applied. (1) to (8) according to 1, wherein the charging device is non-conductive.
(10)
As a switching circuit for reliably separating the secondary battery from the constant current charging circuit and the constant voltage charging circuit when uncharged, it has a set of two N-channel MOSFETs whose gates and drains are connected to each other,
When a voltage equal to or higher than the sum of the battery voltage or the higher charging reference voltage and the gate threshold voltage of the N-channel MOSFET is applied to the common gate terminal, the common gate terminal becomes conductive, and the power supply voltage becomes a voltage lower than that. (1) to (9) The charging device according to 1, wherein the battery is non-conducting when lowered.
(11)
(1) From (1) to having an overdischarge protection circuit in the discharge path between the secondary battery and the load, and cutting off the discharge path when the secondary battery has an overdischarge voltage lower than a charge reference voltage. 10. The charging device according to 1 above.
(12)
An overcharge protection circuit on at least one path between the power supply circuit and the constant current charging circuit, between the power supply circuit and the constant voltage charging circuit, and between the constant current charging circuit and the constant voltage charging circuit; The charging device according to 1, wherein the battery is cut off when the battery has an overcharge reference voltage higher than a charge reference voltage.
(13)
The secondary battery is a solid state rechargeable all-solid secondary battery in which the battery constituent material does not have fluidity in the range of −100 ° C. to 200 ° C. (1) to (12) apparatus.
(14)
The solid electrolyte used for the all-solid-state secondary battery is the charging device according to (13) configured from an oxide, a sulfide, or a complex hydride.
(15)
(1) An electronic device that is supplied with electric power from an all-solid-state battery that is charged by the charging device according to 1 of (14).
(16)
An electronic card that is supplied with electric power from an all-solid-state battery that is charged by the charging device according to 1 of (1) to (14).
(17)
A wearable device that is supplied with electric power from an all-solid-state battery that is charged by the charging device according to 1 of (1) to (14).
(18)
The IoT terminal which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged by the charging device of 1 described in (1) to (14).
(19)
An amusement device that receives supply of electric power from an all-solid-state battery that is charged by the charging device according to 1 of (1) to (14).
(20)
(1) to (14) an IC substrate embedded battery that receives power supply from an all-solid-state battery that is charged by the charging device according to 1;
(21)
(1) The energy harvesting apparatus which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged with the charging device of 1 from (14).
(22)
(1) to (14) all-solid-state battery charged by the charging device according to 1,
A conversion device that receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery and converts it into driving force of a vehicle;
An electric vehicle comprising: a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the all solid state battery.
(23)
An electric power system that receives supply of electric power from an all-solid-state battery that is charged by the charging device according to 1 of (1) to (14).

1203 ... All solid state battery, 1207 ... USB interface,
1209 ... load, 1223 ... constant current charge / constant voltage charge switching determination circuit,
1232 ... constant current charging circuit, 1233 ... constant voltage charging circuit,
1234 ... constant voltage timer circuit, 1235 ... overcharge protection circuit,
1236... Overdischarge protection circuit, SW1 to SW6... Switching circuit

Claims (23)

A charging device that performs constant current charging on a secondary battery, and is capable of switching to constant voltage charging when the battery voltage of the secondary battery reaches a charging reference voltage,
As a switching judgment circuit when switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, a hysteresis circuit consisting of an operational amplifier or a comparator is provided,
A charging device in which a hysteresis upper limit voltage and a charging voltage of the hysteresis circuit are substantially equal. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier or comparator is the input terminal A, the non-inverting input terminal is the input terminal B,
The switching determination circuit applies, to the input terminal A, a voltage obtained by dividing the battery voltage by a resistor R1 between the battery voltage terminal and the input terminal A, and a resistor R2 between the input terminal A and the output terminal of the operational amplifier or comparator.
The voltage obtained by dividing the charge reference voltage by the resistor R3 between the charge reference voltage terminal and the input terminal B and the resistor R4 between the input terminal B and the ground terminal is applied to the input terminal B. Charging device.   The voltage dividing resistance value for matching the hysteresis upper limit voltage and the charging reference voltage satisfies (R1: R2 = R3: R4), and the allowable value of the difference between the resistance ratios is (+ / The charging device according to claim 2, wherein the charging device is within 1%.   2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein a difference between the hysteresis upper limit voltage and the hysteresis lower limit voltage of the hysteresis circuit is equal to or higher than a voltage ΔV <b> 1 obtained by multiplying an internal resistance of the secondary battery and a constant current charging current value.   The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery and the charging circuit are cut off after an arbitrary time has elapsed since the charging state shifted to constant voltage charging.   After the arbitrary time has elapsed, when the voltage of the secondary battery decreases due to spontaneous discharge or connection to a load and becomes equal to or lower than the hysteresis lower limit voltage, it is configured to switch to constant current charging again. The charging device according to claim 5.   2. The charging according to claim 1, wherein the battery voltage and the charging reference voltage are supplied to each input terminal of the operational amplifier or the comparator through a buffer circuit configured as a voltage follower circuit using an operational amplifier. apparatus.   The charging device according to claim 1, wherein a time constant circuit is connected in parallel to the secondary battery. As a switching circuit for switching between constant current charging and constant voltage charging, it has two sets of two N-channel MOSFETs whose gates and drains are connected to each other,
When a voltage higher than the sum of the battery voltage or the charging reference voltage and the gate threshold voltage of the N-channel MOSFET is applied to the common gate terminal, the common gate terminal becomes conductive, and a voltage lower than that is applied. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the charging device is rendered non-conductive. As a switching circuit for reliably separating the secondary battery from the constant current charging circuit and the constant voltage charging circuit when uncharged, it has a set of two N-channel MOSFETs whose gates and drains are connected to each other,
When a voltage equal to or higher than the sum of the battery voltage or the higher charging reference voltage and the gate threshold voltage of the N-channel MOSFET is applied to the common gate terminal, the common gate terminal becomes conductive, and the power supply voltage becomes a voltage lower than that. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein when it is lowered, the charging device is rendered non-conductive.   The discharge path between the secondary battery and the load has an overdischarge protection circuit, and when the secondary battery has an overdischarge voltage lower than a charging reference voltage or less, the discharge path is cut off. Charging device.   An overcharge protection circuit on at least one path between the power supply circuit and the constant current charging circuit, between the power supply circuit and the constant voltage charging circuit, and between the constant current charging circuit and the constant voltage charging circuit; The charging device according to claim 1, wherein when the battery is equal to or higher than an overcharge reference voltage higher than the charge reference voltage, the charging path is cut off.   2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery is a solid state rechargeable all-solid secondary battery in which a battery constituent material does not have fluidity in a range of −100 ° C. to 200 ° C. 3.   The charging device according to claim 13, wherein the solid electrolyte used in the all solid state secondary battery is composed of an oxide, a sulfide, or a complex hydride.   The electronic device which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged with the charging device of Claim 1.   The electronic card which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged with the charging device of Claim 1.   The wearable apparatus which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged with the charging device of Claim 1.   The IoT terminal which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged with the charging device of Claim 1.   The amusement device which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged with the charging device of Claim 1.   An IC substrate-embedded battery that receives power from an all-solid-state battery that is charged by the charging device according to claim 1.   An energy harvesting apparatus that receives supply of electric power from an all-solid-state battery that is charged by the charging device according to claim 1. An all solid state battery charged by the charging device according to claim 1;
A conversion device that receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery and converts it into driving force of a vehicle;
An electric vehicle comprising: a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the all solid state battery.   The electric power system which receives supply of electric power from the all-solid-state battery charged with the charging device of Claim 1.

Images