JP2017187109A - 緩衝器 - Google Patents
緩衝器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017187109A JP2017187109A JP2016076256A JP2016076256A JP2017187109A JP 2017187109 A JP2017187109 A JP 2017187109A JP 2016076256 A JP2016076256 A JP 2016076256A JP 2016076256 A JP2016076256 A JP 2016076256A JP 2017187109 A JP2017187109 A JP 2017187109A
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- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- cylinder
- shock absorber
- pressure
- elastic member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 29
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3207—Constructional features
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
- F16F9/512—Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper, e.g. due to changes in velocity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
- B60G13/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally
- B60G13/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type
- B60G13/08—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type hydraulic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/06—Characteristics of dampers, e.g. mechanical dampers
- B60G17/08—Characteristics of fluid dampers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
- F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
- F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
- F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
- F16F9/19—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein with a single cylinder and of single-tube type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3207—Constructional features
- F16F9/3214—Constructional features of pistons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
- B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
- B60G2206/40—Constructional features of dampers and/or springs
- B60G2206/41—Dampers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
- B60G2500/10—Damping action or damper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/04—Frequency effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/06—Stiffness
- F16F2228/066—Variable stiffness
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/06—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
- F16F9/061—Mono-tubular units
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/06—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
- F16F9/064—Units characterised by the location or shape of the expansion chamber
- F16F9/065—Expansion chamber provided on the upper or lower end of a damper, separately there from or laterally on the damper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
- F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
- F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
- F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
- F16F9/182—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein comprising a hollow piston rod
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3207—Constructional features
- F16F9/3228—Constructional features of connections between pistons and piston rods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3271—Assembly or repair
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1に示す本発明の第一の実施の形態に係る緩衝器A1は、車両における車体と車軸との間に介装されて減衰力を発揮し、車体の振動を抑制する。上記緩衝器A1は、シリンダ1と、このシリンダ1内に摺動自在に挿入されるピストン2と、一端がピストン2に連結されて他端がシリンダ1外に延びるピストンロッド3と、ピストンロッド3におけるピストン2の図1中下側に取り付けられる周波数感応部F1と、シリンダ1内における反ピストンロッド側に摺動自在に挿入される摺動隔壁4とを備える。
図4に示す本発明の第二の実施の形態に係る緩衝器A2は、第一の実施の形態に係る緩衝器A1と同様に、車両における車体と車軸との間に介装されて減衰力を発揮し、車体の振動を抑制する。本実施の形態の緩衝器A2の基本的な構成及び作動は、上記緩衝器A1と同様であり、周波数感応部を設ける位置のみが異なる。よって、当該異なる部分の構成についてのみ以下詳細に説明する。また、共通の構成は同一符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。
Claims (2)
- シリンダと、
前記シリンダ内に移動自在に挿入されて前記シリンダ内を二つの作動室に区画するピストンと、
前記二つの作動室を連通する減衰通路と、
前記二つの作動室に連通される圧力室と、
前記圧力室を一方の前記作動室に連通される第一室と、他方の前記作動室に連通される第二室とに区画する弾性部材とを備える
ことを特徴とする緩衝器。 - 内周に前記弾性部材が焼付けにより一体化された状態となっている筒と、
内部に前記圧力室が形成されており、前記筒を軸方向の両側から挟み込んでいるハウジングとを備える
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の緩衝器。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016076256A JP6709099B2 (ja) | 2016-04-06 | 2016-04-06 | 緩衝器 |
US16/090,866 US20190107170A1 (en) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-04-05 | Shock absorber |
EP17779162.1A EP3441640A1 (en) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-04-05 | Shock absorber |
PCT/JP2017/014192 WO2017175784A1 (ja) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-04-05 | 緩衝器 |
CN201780021514.7A CN108884897A (zh) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-04-05 | 缓冲器 |
KR1020187028240A KR20180118735A (ko) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-04-05 | 완충기 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016076256A JP6709099B2 (ja) | 2016-04-06 | 2016-04-06 | 緩衝器 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2017187109A true JP2017187109A (ja) | 2017-10-12 |
JP6709099B2 JP6709099B2 (ja) | 2020-06-10 |
Family
ID=60001054
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016076256A Active JP6709099B2 (ja) | 2016-04-06 | 2016-04-06 | 緩衝器 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190107170A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3441640A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6709099B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20180118735A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108884897A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017175784A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023120576A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-06-29 | 日立Astemo株式会社 | 減衰力発生装置 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12038063B2 (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2024-07-16 | Hitachi Astemo, Ltd. | Shock absorber |
CN114542647A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 用于减振器的阀系组件和具有其的减振器 |
KR102339177B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-12-14 | 한화시스템 주식회사 | 복합형 스토퍼 어셈블리 |
CN113983106B (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-05-24 | 宁波瑞丰汽车零部件有限公司 | 低速流量可调的减震器活塞 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6561326B2 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2003-05-13 | Krupp Bilstein Gmbh | Amplitude-attenuating dashpot |
JP2006336816A (ja) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-14 | Kayaba Ind Co Ltd | 緩衝装置 |
JP2010002025A (ja) * | 2008-06-23 | 2010-01-07 | Unimatec Co Ltd | 防振ローラ |
JP2012137168A (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-19 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd | 緩衝器 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4502575A (en) * | 1980-08-13 | 1985-03-05 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Shock absorber |
US4955460A (en) * | 1988-08-01 | 1990-09-11 | Monroe Auto Equipment Company | Control valve for shock absorbers |
GB2250080B (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1994-08-17 | Tokico Ltd | Hydraulic shock absorber |
ES2126055T3 (es) * | 1993-11-13 | 1999-03-16 | Delphi France Automotive Sys | Amortiguador. |
US6809490B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2004-10-26 | Irobot Corporation | Method and system for multi-mode coverage for an autonomous robot |
DE10300107B3 (de) * | 2003-01-07 | 2004-05-13 | Thyssenkrupp Bilstein Gmbh | Einrichtung für hydraulische Schwingungsdämpfer |
ES2291776T3 (es) * | 2003-07-08 | 2008-03-01 | Thyssenkrupp Bilstein Suspension Gmbh | Amortiguadores de vibraciones con amortiguacion dependiente de la amplitud. |
DE102004015065B4 (de) * | 2004-03-25 | 2015-02-05 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Schwingungsdämpfer mit amplitudenabhängiger Dämpfkraft |
DE102004018990B3 (de) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-11-17 | Thyssenkrupp Bilstein Gmbh | Stoßdämpfer mit amplitudenabhängiger Dämpfung |
JP4644572B2 (ja) | 2005-09-12 | 2011-03-02 | カヤバ工業株式会社 | 緩衝装置 |
DE602006000580T2 (de) * | 2005-06-06 | 2009-03-19 | Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. | Stossdämpfer |
WO2008142711A1 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-27 | Faringosi Hinges S.R.L. | Door hinge |
JP2009079710A (ja) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-16 | Showa Corp | 油圧緩衝器の減衰力調整構造 |
US20090145708A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-11 | Mando Corporation | Shock absorber |
JP6027451B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-25 | 2016-11-16 | Kyb株式会社 | 緩衝装置 |
JP5961130B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-22 | 2016-08-02 | Kyb株式会社 | 緩衝装置 |
KR101798555B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-27 | 2017-11-16 | 주식회사 만도 | 쇽업소버 |
-
2016
- 2016-04-06 JP JP2016076256A patent/JP6709099B2/ja active Active
-
2017
- 2017-04-05 CN CN201780021514.7A patent/CN108884897A/zh active Pending
- 2017-04-05 US US16/090,866 patent/US20190107170A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-04-05 WO PCT/JP2017/014192 patent/WO2017175784A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2017-04-05 KR KR1020187028240A patent/KR20180118735A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-04-05 EP EP17779162.1A patent/EP3441640A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6561326B2 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2003-05-13 | Krupp Bilstein Gmbh | Amplitude-attenuating dashpot |
JP2006336816A (ja) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-14 | Kayaba Ind Co Ltd | 緩衝装置 |
JP2010002025A (ja) * | 2008-06-23 | 2010-01-07 | Unimatec Co Ltd | 防振ローラ |
JP2012137168A (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-19 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd | 緩衝器 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023120576A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-06-29 | 日立Astemo株式会社 | 減衰力発生装置 |
JP7527505B2 (ja) | 2021-12-24 | 2024-08-02 | 日立Astemo株式会社 | 減衰力発生装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190107170A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
JP6709099B2 (ja) | 2020-06-10 |
CN108884897A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
WO2017175784A1 (ja) | 2017-10-12 |
KR20180118735A (ko) | 2018-10-31 |
EP3441640A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
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