JP2017183084A - Glass plate with heating electrode, and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a glass plate with heating electrode excellent in transmission reception performance, without decreasing productivity.SOLUTION: In a glass plate 1 with heating electrode having bus bar electrodes 13 extending in the longitudinal direction above and below a transparent insulating substrate 12 and provided, between the upper and lower bus bar electrodes 13, with a transparent electrode 15 of solid pattern, as a heating electrode, a non-formation region 16 of the transparent electrode is provided near any one of bus bar electrode right side non-formation side 14a or bus bar electrode left side non-formation side 14b in the formation region of the transparent electrode 15, and a transceiver or an antenna 19 for transmission and reception is provided in the non-formation region 16 of the transparent electrode.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a glass plate with a heating electrode that generates heat due to Joule heat when energized, and a vehicle including the same.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a technique for heating glass windows of vehicles such as automobiles, railways, aircrafts, and ships, and glass windows of buildings by energizing them to eliminate freezing and fogging of the glass windows. Such a glass window comprises a heating electrode on a glass plate.

  In particular, what is used for a window such as a front window and a rear window of a vehicle is known as a defroster device in which a heating wire made of tungsten wire or the like is arranged on the entire window glass (Patent Document 1). In this prior art, a heating wire arranged on the entire window glass is energized, and the window glass is heated by resistance heating to remove fogging of the window glass or to melt snow and ice adhering to the window glass. The occupant's field of view can be secured.

  In addition, recently, a defroster device that produces a conductive pattern using photolithography technology instead of a heating wire made of tungsten wire, etc., energizes the conductive pattern, and heats the window glass by resistance heating. Are also known (Patent Literature 3, Patent Literature 5). This method has an advantage that even a conductive pattern having a complicated shape can be easily formed. In Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 4, for example, a conductive pattern having an irregular shape obtained from a Voronoi diagram is formed and used as a heating wire for heating the window glass.

  Patent Document 5 discloses a mode in which a separate resistor is provided to provide a sensor field or a camera field in a transparent conductive film.

JP-A-8-72674 JP2011-216378A JP 2012-151116 A JP 2013-238029 A JP 2012-533838 A

  In recent years, in vehicles such as automobiles, acquisition of position information and map data in a navigation system, data exchange with external devices in an electronic toll collection system (Electronic Toll Collection System abbreviation ETC (registered trademark)), music and video Numerous transmission / reception devices such as data use and television / radio reception have been installed. In the future, along with the introduction of automatic operation and the introduction of IoT (Internet of Things, an abbreviation for a mechanism in which identifiable objects are connected to the Internet communication network and control each other by exchanging information) An increase in the number of transmission / reception devices that perform such communication is expected.

  In these vehicles, since many metal parts such as a vehicle body are used, these transmission / reception devices often communicate with external devices through glass windows.

  At this time, if a glass plate with a heating electrode is used in the glass window, communication is hindered by the presence of the conductive heating electrode between the transmitting / receiving device and the external device communicating with the transmitting / receiving device. .

  However, as in Patent Document 5, if a non-formation region of the transparent electrode 15 which is a heating electrode is simply provided at a position near the bus bar electrode 13 in the glass plate with a heating electrode, there is a problem such as nonuniformity in the electric field distribution. As a result, a process for making a configuration for adjusting the distribution of the electric field is generated, and productivity is lowered.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and is a glass plate with a heating electrode that has excellent transmission and reception performance without reducing productivity and without affecting the heating characteristics of the window. The purpose is to supply.

The glass plate with a heating electrode in the present invention is
On one plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate, in a plan view viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate, the side and the side in the vicinity of a pair of opposite sides of the insulating substrate Having a pair of bus bar electrodes extending in a parallel direction;
A transparent electrode having a solid pattern is provided as a heating electrode between the pair of bus bar electrodes, and the side of the outer peripheral portion of the transparent electrode that does not contact the bus bar electrode is a pair of bus bar electrode non-forming sides facing each other. In a heated glass plate with a heating electrode,
In the vicinity of at least one of the pair of bus bar electrodes inside the transparent electrode formation region,
A non-forming region of the transparent electrode not provided with the transparent electrode;
A glass plate with a heating electrode, wherein a transmitter / receiver or a transmitting / receiving antenna is provided in a region where the transparent electrode is not formed.

Moreover, the glass plate with a heating electrode in the present invention is
On one plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate, in a plan view viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate, the side and the side in the vicinity of a pair of opposite sides of the insulating substrate Having bus bar electrodes extending in parallel direction,
A transparent electrode having a solid pattern is provided as a heating electrode between the pair of bus bar electrodes, and the side of the outer peripheral portion of the transparent electrode that does not contact the bus bar electrode is a pair of bus bar electrode non-forming sides facing each other. In a heated glass plate with a heating electrode,
At least one of the pair of bus bar electrode non-forming sides is provided with a notch portion of the transparent electrode,
A glass plate with a heating electrode, wherein a notch portion of the transparent electrode is provided with a transceiver or an antenna for transmission and reception.

  The vehicle according to the present invention is a vehicle provided with the above-described glass plate with a heating electrode according to the present invention in a window portion.

  According to the invention described in the present invention, a glass plate with a heating electrode excellent in transmission / reception performance is supplied without reducing productivity and without affecting the heating characteristics of the window.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, with a heating electrode provided with a transmission / reception device or a transmission / reception antenna 19 in a transparent electrode non-formation region 16 provided in one upper portion on the right side. 1 is a conceptual plan view illustrating a glass plate 1. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, with a heating electrode provided with a transmitting / receiving device or a transmitting / receiving antenna 19 in a transparent electrode non-formation region 16 provided at two locations on the upper right and lower sides. 1 is a conceptual plan view illustrating a glass plate 1. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, and is a heating electrode in which a transmitting / receiving device or a transmitting / receiving antenna 19 is provided in a transparent electrode non-formation region 16 provided in two places, an upper right portion and an upper left portion. It is a plane conceptual diagram explaining the attached glass plate. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, and is a heating electrode in which a transmitting / receiving device or a transmitting / receiving antenna 19 is provided in a notch portion 17 of a transparent electrode provided at one place on the upper right side. It is a plane conceptual diagram explaining the attached glass plate. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, with a heating electrode provided with a transmission / reception device or a transmission / reception antenna 19 in the notch portions 17 of the transparent electrode provided at two locations on the right and upper sides. 1 is a conceptual plan view illustrating a glass plate 1. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, in which a transmission / reception device or a transmission / reception antenna 19 is provided at the notches 17 of the transparent electrode provided at two places, the upper part on the right side and the upper part on the left side. It is a plane conceptual diagram explaining the provided glass plate 1 with a heating electrode. FIG. 7 is a reference diagram for explaining an embodiment of the prior art, and is a glass with a heating electrode in which a wide margin 18 is provided on the right side of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode and a transmitting / receiving device or a transmitting / receiving antenna 19 is provided. 1 is a conceptual plan view illustrating a plate 1. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, and is a perspective view schematically showing a vehicle provided with a glass plate with a heating electrode according to one embodiment in a window portion. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a glass plate with a heating electrode in the AA cross section of FIG. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a glass plate with a heating electrode in the BB cross section of FIG. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a glass plate with a heating electrode in the AA cross section of FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a glass plate with a heating electrode in the BB cross section of FIG. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a glass plate with a heating electrode in the BB cross section of FIG.

The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these forms. In addition, each member appearing in the drawings may be expressed by exaggerating the size or shape from the viewpoint of easy understanding.

  In the present specification, the terms “plate”, “sheet”, and “film” are not distinguished from each other only based on the difference in names. For example, the “heating electrode sheet” is a concept including a member that can be called a plate or a film. Therefore, the “heating electrode sheet” is called a “heating electrode plate (substrate)” or a “heating electrode film”. It cannot be distinguished only by the difference in names from members.

  In addition, “film surface (plate surface, sheet surface)” means a target film-like member (plate-like) when the target film-like (plate-like, sheet-like) member is viewed as a whole and globally. It refers to a pair of surfaces having the widest area coinciding with the planar direction of the member (sheet-like member).

  In this specification, “joining” includes not only “main joining” that completely completes joining but also so-called “temporary joining” for temporarily fixing before “main joining”.

  In addition, as used in the present specification, the shape and geometric conditions and the degree thereof are specified. For example, terms such as “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “identical”, and values of length and angle are strict. Without being bound by meaning, it should be interpreted including the extent to which similar functions can be expected.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, components, such as the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode in this embodiment and the transparent insulating substrate 12, the transparent electrode 15, and the bus-bar electrode 13 which comprise the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode, are curved. However, in other drawings (FIGS. 1 to 7 and FIGS. 8 to 13), it is illustrated as a planar shape for easy understanding.

    Furthermore, when the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is applied to a vehicle, the direction corresponding to the horizontal direction along the glass surface when facing the glass plate 1 with the heating electrode is referred to as left and right. Display with the X-axis of Cartesian coordinate system. A direction perpendicular to the X axis and corresponding to the thickness direction of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is referred to as the front-rear direction and is indicated by the Z axis. A direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Z axis and corresponding to the vertical direction is referred to as the vertical direction and is displayed on the Y axis.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment, and is a conceptual diagram in which a glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is viewed in plan view from a Z-axis direction that is a normal direction of the plate surface. Hereinafter, such a plan view is simply referred to as “plan view”, and a shape obtained by such a plan view is also simply referred to as “plan view shape”. As shown in FIG. 8, the automobile 2 as an example of a vehicle has window glasses such as a front window, a rear window, and a side window. Here, an example in which the window portion of the front window is configured by the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode will be described.

  Moreover, it shows in FIG. 2 thru | or FIG. 6 explaining what looked at this glass plate 1 with a heating electrode from the normal line direction (Z-axis direction) of the plate surface by embodiment different from FIG. FIG. 8 shows an example in which the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode shown in FIG. 1 is applied to a front window that is one of the windows of an automobile. Moreover, the cross-sectional view corresponding to the AA line of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 9, and the embodiment of the cross-sectional view corresponding to the BB line of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode of FIG. Are shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 12, and FIG.

  1 to 6 show the first panel 11 and the first joint in a state in which the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is viewed in a plan view from the normal direction of the first panel 11 for convenience of illustration and explanation. It is shown with the layer 14 removed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode of the present embodiment is in a plan view when the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is viewed from the normal direction (Z-axis direction) of the plate surface. In this case, a pair of bus bar electrodes extending in a direction parallel to the side is provided in the vicinity of the pair of opposite sides of the transparent insulating substrate 12. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a pair of bus bar electrodes extending in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) are respectively provided in the vicinity of the upper and lower (Y-axis direction) ends on one plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate. That is, the first bus bar electrode 13a and the second bus bar electrode 13b (both are collectively referred to as “bus bar electrode 13”) are formed.

    A transparent electrode 15 is provided between the upper and lower bus bar electrodes 13. The transparent electrode 15 has upper and lower first bus bar electrodes except for the non-forming region 16 of the transparent electrode and the blank portion 18 that actually functions as a holding portion when the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is mounted on a vehicle or the like. In the transparent electrode forming region between 13a and the second bus bar electrode 13b, a so-called solid pattern is formed without any gap on one surface.

  And the side which does not contact the bus-bar electrode 13 among the outer peripheral parts of the transparent electrode 15 is made into a pair of bus-bar electrode non-formation side which mutually opposes. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, both outer edges in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) of the transparent electrode 15, that is, both left and right sides, respectively, are the bus bar electrode right non-formed side 14 a and the bus bar electrode left non-formed side 14 b. Has been.

  In the present embodiment, the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 is inside the transparent electrode 15 formation region and in the vicinity of at least one of the busbar electrode right non-formation side 14a or the busbar electrode left non-formation side 14b. It is formed as a region where no is provided.

  In other words, the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 is in contact with the transparent electrode 15 at all sides, and in this embodiment, the bus bar electrode 13 is not provided. It can also be said that it is formed surrounded by the transparent electrode 15 near the formation side 14a) or near the left end (the busbar electrode left non-formation side 14b).

  By providing the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 at such a position, even when the transparent electrode 15 is energized and the glass plate with the heating electrode is heated, the nonuniformity of the electric field distribution is reduced, and the electric field distribution is reduced. Since the temperature difference during heating, which is derived from non-uniformity, is eased to a level that does not cause any practical problems, a separate process for making a structure for adjusting the electric field distribution is not required, and productivity is reduced. Nothing will happen.

  In the present embodiment, the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 may be provided only at one location as shown in FIG. 1, or when a plurality of transmission / reception antennas are desired as in GPS reception, the functions are different. When it is desired to separate the transmission / reception units of a plurality of transmission / reception devices, a plurality of locations may be provided in the vertical direction as shown in FIG.

  A transmitter / receiver or a transmitter / receiver antenna 19 connected to the transmitter / receiver is provided in the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 (FIGS. 10, 12, and 13). Therefore, when used, the conductive heating electrode does not intervene between the transmission / reception device or the transmission / reception antenna 19 and the external device communicating with the transmission / reception device sandwiching the glass plate with the heating electrode. The inhibition is greatly reduced.

  In the case of a window part of an automobile, there are many forms in which the planar view shape is a trapezoid or a substantially trapezoid. In this case, the necessity (priority) of eliminating freezing and fogging by the heating electrode 15 in the window portion is high mainly in the region from the central portion to the portion facing the driver's seat, and the peripheral portion of the window portion. Is relatively low.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the shape of the window in plan view is short at the upper base (the upper side which is also the + Y direction in FIG. 1) and the lower bottom (in FIG. 1). A trapezoid with a long (lower side which is also the −Y direction) was used.

  Along with this, the shape of the transparent insulating substrate 12 in plan view is also a trapezoid whose upper base corresponding to the window shape is shorter than the lower base.

  Further, in the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the transparent electrode 15 is transparent in the vicinity of at least one of the bus bar electrode right side non-formation side 14 a and the bus bar electrode left side non-formation side 14 b inside the transparent electrode 15 formation region. Instead of the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 formed as a region where the electrode 15 is not provided, a transparent electrode is provided on at least one of the bus bar electrode right non-formation side 14a and the bus bar electrode left non-formation side 14b of the transparent electrode 15 This is a glass plate 1 with a heating electrode in which a notch 17 is provided, and a transmitter / receiver or a transmitting / receiving antenna 19 is provided in the notch 17 of the transparent electrode.

  In the present embodiment, the notch 17 of the transparent electrode is formed as a notch of the transparent electrode provided on the bus bar electrode right non-formed side 14 a or the bus bar electrode left non-formed side 14 b of the transparent electrode 15.

  In other words, the cut-out portion 17 of the formed transparent electrode is at least the right end (bus bar electrode right non-formation side 14a) or the left end (the left non-formation side 14b of the bus bar electrode) of the transparent electrode 15 formation region. On the other hand, a part of the bus bar electrode right non-formation side 14a or the bus bar electrode left non-formation side 14b is formed as a recess provided in the transparent electrode 15 so as to include the notch portion 17 of the transparent electrode. Therefore, the cut-out portion 17 of the transparent electrode is an embodiment including an open portion that is necessarily partly in contact with the transparent electrode 15 and that is not necessarily partly in contact with the transparent electrode 15.

  By providing the notches 17 of the transparent electrode at such positions, even when the transparent electrode 15 is energized and the glass plate with the heating electrode is heated, the non-uniformity in the electric field distribution is reduced and the electric field distribution is reduced. The temperature difference during heating, which is derived from non-uniformity, is alleviated to a level that does not cause a problem in practical use.Therefore, a process for making a structure for adjusting the electric field distribution is not required, and productivity is reduced. It will not be reduced.

  And the transmitter / receiver antenna connected with the transmitter / receiver or the transmitter / receiver 19 is provided in the notch part 17 of such a transparent electrode (FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6). At this time, a part of the transmission / reception device or the transmission / reception antenna 19 may be covered with a blank portion that functions as a holding portion when the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is actually mounted on a vehicle or the like. Also in this configuration, when used, the conductive heating electrode is not interposed between the transmission / reception device or the transmission / reception antenna 19 and the external device that communicates with the transmission / reception device existing across the glass plate with the heating electrode. It is greatly reduced that communication is hindered.

  The transparent electrode cutout 17 is formed on the right side of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode (not shown but the same applies to the left side) as shown in the reference diagram of FIG. Although it seems that there is no difference from the heating electrode-equipped glass plate 1 provided with the transmission / reception device or the transmission / reception antenna 19, in the case of the larger margin 18, The effect of heating does not reach enough, so it takes time to remove the fogging of the window and the snow and ice attached to the window. To do.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the portion that is not heated is small, a sufficient heating effect is produced in the cutout portion 17 of the transparent electrode due to the movement of the surrounding heat. There was no problem that it took time to remove the ice.

  By providing the notches 17 of the transparent electrode at such positions, even when the transparent electrode 15 is energized and the glass plate with the heating electrode is heated, the non-uniformity in the electric field distribution is reduced and the electric field distribution is reduced. The temperature difference during heating, which is derived from non-uniformity, is relaxed to a level that does not cause any practical problems, so a separate process for creating a structure for adjusting the electric field distribution is not required, reducing productivity. It will not let you.

  In the present embodiment, the transparent electrode cutout portion 17 may be provided only at one location as shown in FIG. 4, or has a different function when it is desired to provide a plurality of transmitting / receiving antennas as in GPS reception. When it is desired to separate the transmission / reception units of a plurality of transmission / reception devices, a plurality of locations may be provided in the vertical direction as shown in FIG.

  And the transmitter / receiver antenna connected with the transmitter / receiver or the transmitter / receiver 19 is provided in the notch part 17 of such a transparent electrode (FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6). Therefore, when the transmitter / receiver is used, the conductive heating electrode does not intervene between the transmitting / receiving device or the transmitting / receiving antenna 19 and the external device communicating with the transmitting / receiving device sandwiching the glass plate with the heating electrode. Is significantly reduced.

  The example shown in FIG. 8 illustrates an automobile using a glass plate with a heating electrode as a windshield as a vehicle provided with the glass plate with a heating electrode of the present embodiment in a window portion. In the present embodiment, the transparent electrode 15 that is a heating electrode is energized from a power source such as a battery of an automobile via the wiring portion and the bus bar electrode 13, and the transparent electrode 15 generates heat by resistance heating. The transparent insulating substrate 12 is warmed by the heat generated in the transparent electrode 15. Thereby, the cloudiness by the dew condensation adhering to the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode can be removed. Moreover, when snow and ice adhere to the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode, this snow and ice can be melted. Therefore, a passenger | crew's visual field is ensured favorable.

  Each component will be described in detail below.

  First, the transparent insulating substrate 12 will be described. When the transparent insulating substrate 12 is used for a front window of an automobile as in the example shown in FIG. 8, it is preferable to use a substrate having a high visible light transmittance so as not to disturb the sight of the passenger.

  The transparent insulating substrate 12 can be made of plate glass. For this, the same glass plate as that used in the window that the vehicle is normally provided with the glass plate 1 with the heating electrode applied can be used. Examples thereof include inorganic glass such as soda lime glass (blue plate glass), borosilicate glass (white plate glass), quartz glass, soda glass, potash glass, etc., float plate glass, tempered plate glass, and partial plate glass. Moreover, you may have a curved part in a three-dimensional curved surface as needed.

  However, the glass plate is not necessarily made of inorganic glass, and may be a resin plate made of a resin such as acrylic resin or polycarbonate resin, so-called resin glass (also referred to as organic glass). However, inorganic glass is preferable from the viewpoint of weather resistance, heat resistance, transparency, and the like.

  The transparent insulating substrate 12 preferably has a transmittance of 90% or more in the visible light region. Here, the visible light transmittance of the transparent insulating substrate 12 is measured within a measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (“UV-3100PC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JIS K 0115 compliant product). Is specified as an average value of transmittance at each wavelength. Note that the visible light transmittance may be lowered by coloring a part or the whole of the transparent insulating substrate 12 within a range that does not hinder the application of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode. In this case, it is possible to block direct sunlight or to visually recognize the inside of the vehicle.

  The transparent insulating substrate 12 preferably has a thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. With such a thickness, a transparent insulating substrate 12 having excellent strength and optical properties can be obtained.

  11 to 13, when the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode has a pair of transparent insulating substrates 12, the same material may be used, Or you may make it mutually differ in at least one of a material and a structure. The transparent insulating substrate 12 may be made of different materials, but using the same material having the same coefficient of thermal expansion can suppress warping due to a temperature change and has excellent durability with the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode. Become.

  Next, the bus bar electrode 13 will be described.

  As shown in the plan view of FIG. 1, the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode in the present embodiment has a pair of bus bar electrodes 13 (13 a, 13 b) for energizing a transparent electrode (heating electrode) 15. The bus bar electrode 13 is a wiring that supplies power from the power source of the transparent electrode 15. The power source is not particularly limited as long as it can supply power necessary for dissolving or evaporating water droplets (cloudy), freezing (frost), etc., and is a known power source having an appropriate voltage, current, or frequency. A DC or AC power supply may be used, but when the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is applied to an automobile, a battery such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion storage battery that is already installed in the automobile can be used as the DC power supply. . Of course, a dedicated power source (battery, generator, etc.) may be used separately. In the case of a railway vehicle powered by an electric motor, direct current or alternating current power fed from an overhead line can be converted into an appropriate voltage and current for use. A known configuration may be applied to the bus bar electrode 13.

  The bus bar electrode 13 is an electrode provided so that a voltage is uniformly supplied in the left-right direction of the transparent electrode 15 having a higher resistance than that of an electrode made of metal. In addition, since the material used for the transparent electrode 15 generally has a high contact resistance, there is a case where sufficient reliability may not be obtained when the wiring connected to the power source is directly connected. There is also an aim to improve.

  The bus bar electrode 13 and the transparent electrode 15 are connected at least partially overlapping. In FIG. 9 and FIG. 11, the bus bar electrode 13 is formed on the transparent electrode 15. However, the bus bar electrode 13 may be formed on the transparent electrode 15 in consideration of the material and configuration to be used. The transparent electrode 15 may be formed on the bus bar electrode.

  Examples of the conductor material constituting the bus bar electrode 13 include one or more metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, copper, gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, titanium, palladium, indium, or alloys containing these metals. be able to.

  The production method may be appropriately selected depending on the intended configuration from the conventionally known methods. For example, it may be formed by pattern vapor deposition or may be formed by etching after vapor deposition. A metal plate or a metal foil may be processed by etching.

  Alternatively, it may be formed by applying or printing a paste material containing these metal or alloy fine particles dispersed therein. In the case of a paste material, it may further contain a resin, glass frit, thixotropic agent, etc. as a binder. Furthermore, processes such as heat drying, curing, and baking can be added as necessary.

In this embodiment, the bus bar electrode 13 is formed of an upper bus bar electrode and a lower bus bar electrode. The upper bus bar electrode and the lower bus bar electrode each have a strip shape extending in the left-right direction (X-axis direction in FIG. 1), and the upper bus bar electrode and the lower bus bar electrode extend in the same direction with a gap (substantially). In parallel).
A known form can be applied to the upper bus bar electrode and the lower bus bar electrode, and the width of the strip-like electrode is generally 3 mm or more and 15 mm or less.

  Next, the transparent electrode 15 will be described. The transparent electrode 15 is energized from a power source such as a battery through the power connection line and the bus bar electrode 13 and generates heat by resistance heating. Then, the heat is transmitted to the transparent insulating substrate 12, whereby the transparent insulating substrate 12 is warmed.

  The transparent electrode 15 is an electrode that plays the role of a heating electrode that generates heat when supplied with power from the bus bar electrode 13. The transparent electrode 15 includes a holding portion when the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode 1 is applied to a vehicle and a margin portion 18 that is the periphery thereof, a transparent electrode non-formation region 16, a transparent electrode cutout portion 17, and a case. Depending on the case, the glass plate 1 with the heating electrode is formed on almost the entire surface with no gap except for a part of the formation portion of the bus bar electrode 13. Moreover, the transparent electrode 15 of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is formed so as to at least partially overlap with the bus bar electrode 13 for electrical contact.

  The transparent electrode 15 preferably has a transmittance in the visible light region of 80% or more because it is necessary to secure the field of view of the vehicle operator. Here, the visible light transmittance of the transparent electrode 15 is measured within a measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (“UV-3100PC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JIS K 0115 compliant product). Of the transmittance at each wavelength. The visible light transmittance may be lowered by coloring a part or the whole of the transparent electrode 15. In this case, it is possible to decorate, block direct sunlight, or make it difficult to visually recognize the inside of the vehicle from the outside.

  As a material of the transparent electrode 15, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide Indium Tin Oxide), Zinc Oxide (Zinc Oxide: ZnO), AZO (Aluminium Doped Zinc Oxide Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide), or GZO (Gallium Doped Zinc Oxide Gallium Oxide Dope). Zinc) or the like, and can be formed by sputtering, vacuum deposition, sol-gel method, cluster beam deposition, or the like.

  In addition, so-called metal nanowires, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and silver nanowires, which are nanometer-scale metal fine wires with a diameter of about 1 nm to 100 nm, PEDOT: PSS (poly (4-styrenesulfonate): PSS ) Doped poly (3,4-ethylenediothiophene: PEDOT) or the like in which a conductive polymer or the like is dispersed or printed and applied and dried.

The transparent electrode 15 preferably has a sheet resistance of 0.1 Ω / m ² to 100 Ω / m ² . The thickness of the transparent electrode 15 is preferably 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less.

  The formation of the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 and the transparent electrode notch 17 can also be easily formed by a commonly used method. A lift-off method may be used in which the transparent electrode 15 is covered with a photoresist or an adhesive film when the transparent electrode 15 is formed, and the photoresist or the adhesive film is removed after the formation, or when the transparent electrode 15 is formed by vapor deposition or printing. In particular, the pattern can be formed without adding a new process.

  Also, if necessary, in this process, the material forming the transparent electrode 15 may be left in a pattern that forms a transmitting / receiving antenna in the transparent electrode non-forming region 16 or the transparent electrode notch 17. Thus, the transparent electrode 15 and the transmitting / receiving antenna may be formed simultaneously.

  Below, the layer structure of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is demonstrated in detail. The layer configuration of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is a problem even if it has any configuration as long as it includes at least the transparent insulating substrate 12, the bus bar electrode 13, and the transparent electrode as described above. There is no.

  An example of the layer configuration in the present embodiment is as follows. As shown in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 9 and 10, the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 and the transparent electrode notch are formed on the transparent insulating substrate 12 made of glass or the like. Except for the portion 17, the transparent electrode 15 is provided, the bus bar electrode 13 electrode is provided thereon, and the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 and the transparent electrode notch portion 17 are provided with the transmitter / receiver or the transmission / reception antenna 19. I can do it. In the present embodiment, when the material of the transparent electrode 15 is made of a strong material such as zinc oxide (Zinc Oxide: ZnO), the manufacturing process is simple and an excellent cost merit is obtained.

  Furthermore, the thickness of the whole glass plate 1 with a heating electrode can be further reduced by taking such a form. Moreover, the number of interfaces in the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode can be further reduced. Therefore, it is possible to more effectively suppress a decrease in optical characteristics, that is, a decrease in visibility. In addition, since the transparent electrode 15 functioning as a heating electrode and the transparent insulating substrate 12 are in contact with each other, the heating efficiency of the transparent insulating substrate 12 by the transparent electrode 15 can be increased.

  In addition, as described in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 11 to 13, an example of the layer configuration in the present embodiment is a transparent electrode non-formation region 16 and a transparent electrode notch 17 on the transparent base film 23. A heating electrode sheet having a transparent electrode 15 provided thereon and a bus bar electrode 13 provided thereon is prepared, and bonded to a transparent insulating substrate 12 such as glass via bonding layers 21 and 22 on both surfaces thereof. Can be illustrated.

  The heating electrode sheet has a sheet-like transparent base film 23, a transparent electrode 15 provided on the transparent base film 23, and a bus bar electrode 13 for energizing the transparent electrode 15. The heating electrode sheet has substantially the same planar dimensions as the pair of transparent insulating substrates 12 and may be disposed over the entire glass plate 1 with the heating electrode, or the front portion of the driver's seat, that is, the formation of the transparent electrode 15. According to a part, you may arrange | position only to a part of glass plate 1 with a heating electrode.

  FIG. 12 shows a form in which a transmitter / receiver or a transmitting / receiving antenna 19 is provided in the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 and the transparent electrode notch 17 inside the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode having the above-described layer configuration.

  FIG. 13 shows a mode in which a transmitter / receiver or a transmitter / receiver antenna 19 is provided in the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 and the transparent electrode notch portion 17 on the outer surface of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode having the above-described layer configuration.

  As the bonding layers 21 and 22, layers made of materials having various adhesiveness or tackiness can be used. In addition, it is preferable to use a bonding layer having a high visible light transmittance. As a typical joining layer, the layer which consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) can be illustrated. The thickness of each bonding layer is preferably 0.15 mm or more and 1 mm or less. The pair of bonding layers may be configured the same with the same material, or may be different from each other in at least one of the material and the configuration.

  The sheet-like transparent substrate film 23 functions as a substrate that supports the transparent electrode 15 and the bus bar electrode 13. The transparent base film 23 is an electrically insulating substrate that is transparent in general terms that transmits wavelengths in the visible light wavelength band (380 nm to 780 nm).

  The resin contained in the transparent base film 23 may be any resin as long as it transmits visible light, but a thermoplastic resin can be preferably used. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (A-PET), polyethylene resins, polyolefin resins such as polypropylene, and triacetyl cellulose (cellulose triacetate). And cellulose resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polycarbonate resin and AS resin. In particular, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, and polyester resin are preferable because they are excellent in etching resistance, weather resistance, and light resistance.

  In addition, the transparent base film 23 preferably has a thickness of 0.03 mm or more and 0.30 mm or less in consideration of mechanical strength, retention of the transparent electrode 15, light transmittance, and the like. The transparent base film 23 is uniaxially or biaxially stretched as necessary.

  In addition, the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is not restricted to the illustrated example, The other functional layer expected to exhibit a specific function may be provided. In addition, one functional layer may exhibit two or more functions. For example, the transparent insulating substrate and the heating electrode sheet of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode, the bonding layer, and the transparent heating electrode sheet described later. A certain function may be imparted to at least one of the base films 23. Examples of functions that can be imparted to the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode include antireflection (AR) function, hard coat (HC) function having scratch resistance, infrared shielding (reflection) function, and ultraviolet shielding (reflection) function. An antifouling function and the like can be exemplified.

    In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 and the transparent electrode are cut off inside the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode or on the surface of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode. A transmitter / receiver or a transmitting / receiving antenna 19 is provided in at least a part of the notch 17.

  In this embodiment, transmission / reception refers to transmission / reception of information using an electromagnetic wave as a medium. The concept includes not only both reception and transmission, but also reception and transmission only.

  As a transmission / reception apparatus in the present embodiment, a navigation system (position information acquisition apparatus, map data acquisition apparatus), an electronic toll collection system (Electronic Toll Collection System abbreviation ETC (registered trademark)), an apparatus that uses music and video data Examples include television and radio receivers. In the future, along with the practical use of automatic driving and the introduction of IoT, devices that transmit the state of the automobile, devices that receive information necessary for driving, and the like will be exemplified.

  If the transmission / reception device is small, it is between the pair of transparent insulating substrates 12 in the normal direction of the plate surface of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode, that is, in the thickness direction, and is normal to the plate surface. You may embed in the inside of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode which is the transparent electrode non-formation area | region 16 in the planar view seen from the direction (FIG. 12). Further, in the normal direction of the plate surface of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode, that is, in the thickness direction, the outer surface of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode and in a plan view viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface. It may be provided by being adhered to the non-forming region 16 of the transparent electrode (FIGS. 10 and 13).

  Moreover, even if it is not the transmission / reception apparatus itself, only the transmission / reception antenna connected to the transmission / reception apparatus is transparent in the normal direction of the plate surface of the glass plate 1 with the heating electrode, that is, in the thickness direction. It may be provided so as to be embedded between the insulating substrates 12 and embedded in the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 in a plan view as viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface (FIG. 12). Moreover, it is the outer surface of the transparent insulation substrate 12 of the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode, and you may adhere | attach on the transparent insulation substrate 12 (FIG. 10, FIG. 13).

  In the case of a transmission / reception antenna, when the transparent electrode 15 is formed, the transparent electrode non-formation region 16 is provided with a transparent electrode pattern that functions as a transmission / reception antenna, so that the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode is formed. In the normal direction of the plate surface, that is, in the thickness direction, it is between the transparent insulating substrates 12 of the glass plate 1 with the heating electrode, and the non-transmission of the transparent electrode in a plan view as viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface. You may provide in the form embedded in the formation area 16 (FIG. 12).

  The glass plate 1 with a heating electrode may be used for the rear window, side window, and sunroof of the automobile 2. Moreover, you may use for the windows or transparent doors of vehicles other than a motor vehicle, such as a railway vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, and a spacecraft.

  Furthermore, the glass plate 1 with a heating electrode can be used not only for a vehicle but also for a part that partitions the room from the outside, for example, a building, a store, a house window, a transparent door, or the like.

1 Glass plate with heating electrode 2 Car (vehicle)
12 transparent insulating substrate 13 bus bar electrode 13a (first) bus bar electrode 13b (second) bus bar electrode 14a bus bar electrode right non-formed side 14b bus bar electrode left non-formed side 15 transparent electrode (heating electrode)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 16 Transparent electrode non-formation area 17 Notch part of transparent electrode 18 Blank part 19 Transmitter / receiver or antenna for transmission / reception 21 (first) bonding layer 22 (second) bonding layer 23 Transparent substrate film

Claims (3)

On one plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate, in a plan view viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate, the side and the side in the vicinity of a pair of opposite sides of the insulating substrate Having a pair of bus bar electrodes extending in a parallel direction;
A transparent electrode having a solid pattern is provided as a heating electrode between the pair of bus bar electrodes, and the side of the outer peripheral portion of the transparent electrode that does not contact the bus bar electrode is a pair of bus bar electrode non-forming sides facing each other. In a heated glass plate with a heating electrode,
In the vicinity of at least one of the pair of bus bar electrodes inside the transparent electrode formation region,
A non-forming region of the transparent electrode not provided with the transparent electrode;
A glass plate with a heating electrode, wherein a transceiver or a transmission / reception antenna is provided in a region where the transparent electrode is not formed. On one plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate, in a plan view viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface of the transparent insulating substrate, the side and the side in the vicinity of a pair of opposite sides of the insulating substrate Having bus bar electrodes extending in parallel direction,
A transparent electrode having a solid pattern is provided as a heating electrode between the pair of bus bar electrodes, and the side of the outer peripheral portion of the transparent electrode that does not contact the bus bar electrode is a pair of bus bar electrode non-forming sides facing each other. In a heated glass plate with a heating electrode,
At least one of the pair of bus bar electrode non-forming sides is provided with a notch portion of the transparent electrode,
A glass plate with a heating electrode, wherein a notch portion of the transparent electrode is provided with a transceiver or an antenna for transmission and reception.   A vehicle provided with the glass plate with a heating electrode according to any one of claims 1 and 2 in a window portion.

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