JP2016525926A - 触媒 - Google Patents
触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016525926A JP2016525926A JP2016513435A JP2016513435A JP2016525926A JP 2016525926 A JP2016525926 A JP 2016525926A JP 2016513435 A JP2016513435 A JP 2016513435A JP 2016513435 A JP2016513435 A JP 2016513435A JP 2016525926 A JP2016525926 A JP 2016525926A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 methanol or ethanol Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910002844 PtNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006378 biaxially oriented polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011127 biaxially oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003937 Aquivion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002837 PtCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700038980 S-((2-chloroethyl)carbamoyl)glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001637 plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/20—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of noble metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(i)電極触媒層がガス拡散層に塗布され得、ガス拡散電極を形成する。ガス拡散電極がイオン伝導膜の両側に配され、共に積層され、5層のMEAを形成する。
(ii)電極触媒層がイオン伝導膜の両面に塗布され得、触媒コートされたイオン伝導膜を形成する。続いて、ガス拡散層が触媒コートされたイオン伝導膜の各面に塗布される。
(iii)MEAが、片側が電極触媒層でコートされたイオン伝導膜、その電極触媒層に隣接するガス拡散層、及びイオン伝導膜のもう一方の側のガス拡散電極から形成され得る。
(i)式PtXYの触媒合金前駆体を調製する工程と、
(ii)触媒合金前駆体を、X及び/又はYの一部を触媒合金前駆体から浸出し、該脱合金化された触媒を得るのに十分な条件にかける工程と
を含むプロセスにより得られることを特徴とする脱合金化された触媒を提供する。
(i)式PtXYの触媒合金前駆体を調製する工程であって、触媒合金前駆体中のX及びYの合計の原子百分率が少なくとも50原子パーセントである工程と、
(ii)触媒合金前駆体を、X及び/又はYの一部を触媒合金前駆体から浸出し、該脱合金化された触媒を得るのに十分な条件にかける工程と
を含むことを特徴とするプロセスを提供する。
(i)式PtXYの触媒合金前駆体を調製する工程と;
(ii)触媒合金前駆体を、X及び/又はYの一部を触媒合金前駆体から浸出し、該脱合金化された触媒を得るのに十分な条件にかける工程と
を含むプロセスにより得られることを特徴とする脱合金化された触媒を提供する。
(i)プロトン伝導性膜は、二の電極(一のアノード及び一のカソード)に挟まれ得、それらのうちの少なくとも一方は、本発明によるガス拡散電極である;
(ii)触媒層により片側だけがコートされた触媒作用膜は、(a)ガス拡散層とガス拡散電極の間に挟まれ得、ガス拡散層は触媒層でコートされた膜の側面と接触している、又は(b)二の電極に挟まれ得、触媒層及び電極(一又は複数)のうち少なくとも一つは本発明による触媒層を含む;
(iii)触媒層で両側がコートされた触媒作用膜は、(a)二のガス拡散層、(b)ガス拡散層及びガス拡散電極、又は(c)二の電極に挟まれ得、触媒層及び電極(一又は複数)のうち少なくとも一つは本発明による触媒層を含む。
(i)式PtXYの触媒合金前駆体を調製する工程であって、触媒合金前駆体中のX及びYの合計の原子百分率が少なくとも50原子パーセントである工程と、
(ii)触媒合金前駆体を、X及び/又はYの一部を触媒合金前駆体から浸出し、該脱合金化された触媒を得るのに十分な条件にかける工程と
を含むことを特徴とするプロセスを提供する。
Pt/C = 10.0g(2.8g、0.0144mol Pt)
Ni(NO3)2.6H2O = 10.45g(2.12g、0.0359mol Ni)
水 = 22ml
第一のアニール温度:1000℃
Zn(NO3)2.6H2 O = 2.155g(0.47g、0.0072mol Zn)
水 = 20ml
第二のアニール温度:最高800℃まで
Pt/C = 5.0g(1.4g、0.0072mol Pt)
Ni(NO3)2.6H2O = 4.18g(0.840g、0.0144mol Ni)
水 = 11.5ml
第一のアニール温度:1000℃
Zn(NO3)2.6H2O = 2.03g(0.445g、0.0068mol Zn)
水 = 11.5ml
第二のアニール温度:最高800℃まで
Pt/C = 23g(6.44g、0.033mol Pt)
Co(NO3)2.6H2O = 19.2g(3.86g、0.066mol Ni)
水 = 53ml
第一のアニール温度:1000℃
Zn(NO3)3.6H2O = 4.03g(0.89g、0.0136mol Zn)
水 = 11.5ml
第二のアニール温度:800℃
Pt/C = 50g(14g、0.071mol Pt)
Ni(NO3)2.6H2O = 40.6g(8.40g、0.14mol Ni)
水 = 115ml
第一のアニール温度:1000℃
Al(NO3)3.9H2O = 2.55g(2.55g、0.0068mol Al)
水 = 7ml
第二のアニール温度:800℃
Pt/C = 10.0g(2.8g、0.0144mol Pt)
Ni(NO3)2.6H2O = 0.975g(0.196g、0.0033mol Ni)
水 = 22ml
第一のアニール温度:1000℃
Zn(NO3)2.6H2O = 0.7g(0.152g、0.0023mol Zn)
水 = 9ml
第二のアニール温度:最高800℃まで
Claims (18)
- 式PtXY(式中、Xは、Ni、Co、及びCrからなる群から選択され、Yは、Zn、Al、Sn、Be、Pb、Ga、V、In、Y、Sr、及びTiからなる群から選択される)の脱合金化された触媒であって、X線光電子分光法から決定される脱合金化された触媒の表面のX及びYのPtに対する合計原子組成が、脱合金化された触媒のバルク中のX及びYのPtに対する合計原子組成より20と99%の間で低いことを特徴とする脱合金化された触媒。
- Xが、Ni又はCoである、請求項1に記載の脱合金化された触媒。
- Xが、Niである、請求項2に記載の脱合金化された触媒。
- Yが、Zn、Al、V、又はTiである、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の脱合金化された触媒。
- Yが、Znである、請求項4に記載の脱合金化された触媒。
- バルク中のX及びYの合計原子百分率が、20−70原子パーセントである、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の脱合金化された触媒。
- バルク中のX及びYの合計原子百分率が、30から55原子パーセントである、請求項6に記載の脱合金化された触媒。
- 表面のX及びYのPtに対する合計原子組成が、脱合金化された触媒のバルク中のX及びYのPtに対する合計原子組成より45と75%の間で低い、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の脱合金化された触媒。
- 式PtXY(式中、Xは、Ni、Co、及びCrからなる群から選択され、Yは、Zn、Al、Sn、Be、Pb、Ga、V、In、Y、Sr、及びTiからなる群から選択される)の脱合金化された触媒であって、X線光電子分光法から決定される脱合金化された触媒の表面のX及びYのPtに対する合計原子組成が、脱合金化された触媒のバルク中のX及びYのPtに対する合計原子組成より20と99%の間で低く、
(i)式PtXYの触媒合金前駆体を調製する工程と、
(ii)触媒合金前駆体を、X及び/又はYの一部を触媒合金前駆体から浸出して脱合金化された触媒を得るのに十分な条件にかける工程と
を含むプロセスにより得られることを特徴とする脱合金化された触媒。 - 請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載の脱合金化された触媒を含む触媒層。
- ガス拡散層及び請求項10に記載の触媒層を含む、ガス拡散電極。
- プロトン伝導性膜及び請求項10に記載の触媒層を含む、触媒作用膜。
- 転写基材及び請求項10に記載の触媒層を含む、触媒作用転写基材。
- 請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載の脱合金化された触媒、請求項10に記載の触媒層、請求項11に記載のガス拡散電極、又は請求項12に記載の触媒膜を含む膜電極接合体。
- 式PtXY(式中、Xは、Ni、Co、及びCrからなる群から選択され、Yは、Zn、Al、Sn、Be、Pb、Ga、V、In、Y、Sr、及びTiからなる群から選択される)の脱合金化された触媒を調製するためのプロセスであって、X線光電子分光法から決定される脱合金化された触媒の表面のX及びYのPtに対する合計原子組成が、脱合金化された触媒のバルク中のX及びYのPtに対する合計原子組成より20と99%の間で低く、
(i)式PtXYの触媒合金前駆体を調製する工程であって、触媒合金前駆体中のX及びYの合計原子百分率が少なくとも50原子パーセントである工程と、
(ii)触媒合金前駆体を、X及び/又はYの一部を触媒合金前駆体から浸出して脱合金化された触媒を得るのに十分な条件にかける工程と
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 工程(ii)において、触媒合金前駆体が酸性溶液と接触される、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 工程(ii)において、触媒合金前駆体が電気化学反応を受ける、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 工程(ii)において、触媒合金前駆体が制御される気体雰囲気中で加熱される、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
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