JP2015505321A - イオンチャネルのモジュレーターとしてのピラン−スピロ環式ピペリジンアミド - Google Patents
イオンチャネルのモジュレーターとしてのピラン−スピロ環式ピペリジンアミド Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015505321A JP2015505321A JP2014552376A JP2014552376A JP2015505321A JP 2015505321 A JP2015505321 A JP 2015505321A JP 2014552376 A JP2014552376 A JP 2014552376A JP 2014552376 A JP2014552376 A JP 2014552376A JP 2015505321 A JP2015505321 A JP 2015505321A
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- Prior art keywords
- pain
- mmol
- compound
- alkyl
- isopropoxy
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract
Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願番号61/586,875(2012年1月16日出願)の利益を主張する。上記出願の全内容は、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
本発明は、イオンチャネルの阻害剤として有用な化合物に関する。本発明はまた、本発明の化合物を含有する薬学的に受容可能な組成物、および種々の障害の処置においてこれらの組成物を使用する方法を提供する。
疼痛は、健常な動物が組織の損傷を回避すること、および負傷組織へのさらなる損傷を防止することを可能にする、防御機構である。それにもかかわらず、疼痛がその有用期間を超えて持続する多くの状態、または患者が疼痛の阻害から利益を得る多くの状態が存在する。電位開口型ナトリウムチャネルは、疼痛シグナル伝達において決定的に重要な役割を果たすと考えられる。この考えは、正常な生理学におけるこれらのチャネルの既知の役割、ナトリウムチャネル遺伝子の変異から生じる病理学的状態、および、既知のナトリウムチャネル調節因子の臨床上の有用性に基づいている(非特許文献1;非特許文献2;非特許文献3)。
本発明の化合物、およびその薬学的に受容可能な組成物は、電位開口型ナトリウムチャネルの阻害剤として有用であることがここで見出された。これらの化合物は、一般式I
1つの局面において、本発明は、式I:
式Iにおいて、各場合について独立して:
R1は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6フルオロアルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、CF3、必要に応じて置換されたヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで2個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R2は、C1〜C6アルキル、重水素化されたC1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6フルオロアルキル、CF3、CHF2、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで2個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R3は、C1〜C6アルキル、またはハロであり;
R8は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、CF3、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで2個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNRで置き換えられ得るか、あるいは2個のR8は、これらが結合している原子と一緒になって、環を形成し;
R9は、H、CF3、CHF2、CH2F、CO2R、ハロ、OH、必要に応じて置換されたアリール、ヘテロアリール、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、N(R)2、NRCOR、CON(R)2、CN、またはSO2Rであり;
Rは、H、C1〜C6アルキル、必要に応じて置換されたアリール、ヘテロアリール、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、またはヘテロシクロアルキルであり;
環Aは、必要に応じて置換された、アリール、ヘテロアリールまたは複素環式であり; nは、0および4を含めて0〜4の整数であり;そして
oは、0および4を含めて0〜4の整数である。
、このR基が、この環の任意の炭素原子、またはあてはまる場合、ヘテロ原子(例えば、N)に結合し得ることを意味する。
R4は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R5は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R6は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;あるいは
R4とR5、またはR5とR6の2つの存在が、これらが結合している炭素と一緒になって、2個までのヘテロ原子を含む、必要に応じて置換された環を形成する、式Iおよびその付随する定義の化合物を特徴とする。
R4は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6フルオロアルコキシ、ハロ、CN、OH、OR8、N(R8)2、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R5は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6フルオロアルコキシ、ハロ、CN、OH、OR8、N(R8)2、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R6は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6フルオロアルコキシ、ハロ、CN、OH、OR8、N(R8)2、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;あるいは
R4とR5、またはR5とR6の2つの存在が、これらが結合している炭素と一緒になって、2個までのヘテロ原子を含む、必要に応じて置換された環を形成する。
R1は、アリールまたはヘテロアリールであり、
R2は、C1〜C6アルコキシまたはC1〜C6フルオロアルコキシであり、
R5は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R6は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;そして
R8は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、CF3、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで2個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得、あるいは2個のR8は、これらが結合している原子と一緒になって、環を形成する。
(薬学的に受容可能な組成物)
上で議論されたように、本発明は、電位開口型ナトリウムイオンチャネルの阻害剤である化合物を提供し、従って、本発明の化合物は、急性、慢性、神経障害性、もしくは炎症性の疼痛、関節炎、片頭痛、群発性頭痛、三叉神経痛、ヘルペス性神経痛、全身性神経痛、癲癇もしくは癲癇状態、神経変性障害、精神障害(例えば、不安症およびうつ病)、筋緊張症、不整脈、運動障害、神経内分泌障害、運動失調、多発性硬化症、過敏性腸症候群、および失禁が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない、疾患、障害、および状態の処置のために有用である。従って、本発明の別の局面において、薬学的に受容可能な組成物が提供され、これらの組成物は、本明細書中に記載されるような化合物のいずれかを含有し、そして必要に応じて、薬学的に受容可能なキャリア、アジュバントまたはビヒクルを含有する。特定の実施形態において、これらの組成物は必要に応じて、1種以上のさらなる治療剤をさらに含有する。
なお別の局面において、急性、慢性、神経障害性、もしくは炎症性の疼痛、関節炎、片頭痛、群発性頭痛、三叉神経痛、ヘルペス性神経痛、全身性神経痛、癲癇もしくは癲癇状態、神経変性障害、精神障害(例えば、不安症およびうつ病)、双極性障害、筋緊張症、不整脈、運動障害、神経内分泌障害、運動失調、多発性硬化症、過敏性腸症候群、失禁、内臓痛、変形性関節症痛、ヘルペス後神経痛、糖尿病性ニューロパチー、根痛、坐骨神経痛、背痛、頭痛もしくは頸痛、激痛もしくは難治性疼痛、侵害受容性疼痛、突出痛、術後疼痛、または癌性疼痛の処置またはこれらの重篤度の軽減のための方法が提供され、この方法は、有効量の化合物、または化合物を含有する薬学的に受容可能な組成物を、その必要がある被験体に投与する工程を包含する。
H.BeersおよびRobert Berkow、Merck Research Laboratories、1999年、およびthe Food and Drug Administrationのウェブサイト、www.fda.govに概略的に記載されている。
(1)オピオイド鎮痛薬、例えば、モルヒネ、ヘロイン、ヒドロモルホン、オキシモルホン、レボルファノール、レバロルファン、メタドン、メペリジン、フェンタニール、コカイン、コデイン、ジヒドロコデイン、オキシコドン、ヒドロコドン、プロポキシフェン、ナルメフェン、ナロルフィン、ナロキソン、ナルトレキソン、ブプレノルフィン、ブトルファノール、ナルブフィンまたはペンタゾシン;
(2)非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAID)、例えば、アスピリン、ジクロフェナク、ジフルニサル(diflusinal)、エトドラク、フェンブフェン、フェノプロフェン、フルフェニサール、フルビプロフェン、イブプロフェン、インドメタシン、ケトプロフェン、ケトロラク、メクロフェナム酸、メフェナム酸、メロキシカム、ナブメトン、ナプロキセン、ニメスリド、ニトロフルルビプロフェン、オルサラジン、オキサプロジン、フェニルブタゾン、ピロキシカム、スルファサラジン、スリンダク、トルメチンまたはゾメピラック;
(3)バルビツレート鎮静薬、例えば、アモバルビタール、アプロバルビタール、ブタバルビタール、ブタビタール(butabital)、メフォバルビタール、メタルビタール、メトヘキシタール、ペントバルビタール、フェノバルビタール、セコバルビタール、タルブタール、チアミラール(theamylal)またはチオペンタール;
(4)鎮静作用を有するベンゾジアゼピン、例えば、クロルジアゼポキシド、クロラゼペート、ジアゼパム、フルラゼパム、ロラゼパム、オキサゼパム、テマゼパムまたはトリアゾラム;
(5)鎮静作用を有するH1アンタゴニスト、例えば、ジフェンヒドラミン、ピリラミン、プロメタジン、クロルフェニラミンまたはクロルサイクリジン;
(6)鎮静薬、例えば、グルテチミド、メプロバメート、メタクワロンまたはジクロラールフェナゾン;
(7)骨格筋弛緩薬、例えば、バクロフェン、カリソプロドール、クロルゾキサゾン、シクロベンザプリン、メトカルバモールまたはオルフェナドリン(orphrenadine);
(8)NMDAレセプターアンタゴニスト、例えば、デキストロメトルファン((+)−3−ヒドロキシ−N−メチルモルフィナン)またはその代謝産物であるデキストロルファン((+)−3−ヒドロキシ−N−メチルモルフィナン)、ケタミン、メマンチン、ピロロキノリンキニーネ、cis−4−(ホスホノメチル)−2−ピペリジンカルボン酸、ブジピン、EN−3231(MorphiDex(R)、モルヒネとデキストロメトルファンとの併用処方物)、トピラマート、ネラメキサンまたはペルジンフォテル(perzinfotel)(NR2Bアンタゴニストが挙げられる)、例えば、イフェンプロジル、トラキソプロジル(traxoprodil)または(−)−(R)−6−{2−[4−(3−フルオロ−フェニル)−4−ヒドロキシ−l−ピペリジニル]−l−ヒドロキシエチル−3,4−ジヒドロ−2(lH)−キノリノン;
(9)α−アドレナリン作用性物質、例えば、ドキサゾシン、タムスロシン、クロニジン、グアンファシン、デキシメタトミジン(dexmetatomidine)、モダフィニル、または4−アミノ−6,7−ジメトキシ−2−(5−メタン−スルホンアミド−L、2,3,4−テトラヒドロイソキノロ−2−イル)−5−(2−ピリジル)キナゾリン;
(10)三環系抗鬱薬、例えば、デシプラミン、イミプラミン、アミトリプチリンまたはノルトリプチリン;
(11)鎮痙薬、例えば、カルバマゼピン、ラモトリジン、トピラマートまたはバルプロアート;
(12)タキキニン(NK)アンタゴニスト、特に、NK−3アンタゴニスト、NK−2アンタゴニストまたはNK−Iアンタゴニスト、例えば、([α]R,9R)−7−[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジル]−8,9,10,11−テトラヒドロ−9−メチル−5−(4−メチルフェニル)−7H−[L、4]ジアゾシノ[2,l−g][L、7]−ナフチリジン−6−13−ジオン(TAK−637)、5−[[(2R,3S)−2−[(lR)−l−[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]エトキシ−3−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−4−モルホリニル]−メチル]−L、2−ジヒドロ−3H−L、2,4−トリアゾール−3−オン(MK−869)、アプレピタント、ラネピタント(lanepitant)、ダピタント(dapitant)または3−[[2−メトキシ−5−(トリフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]−メチルアミノ]−2−フェニルピペリジン(2S,3S);
(13)ムスカリン性アンタゴニスト、例えば、オキシブチニン、トルテロジン、プロピベリン、塩化トロスピウム(tropsium chloride)、ダリフェナシン、ソリフェナシン、テミベリンおよびイプラトロピウム;
(14)COX−2選択的阻害剤、例えば、セレコキシブ、ロフェコキシブ、パレコキシブ、バルデコキシブ、デラコキシブ(deracoxib)、エトリコキシブ、またはルミラコキシブ(lumiracoxib);
(15)コールタール鎮痛薬、特に、パラセタモール;
(16)精神遮断薬、例えば、ドロペリドール、クロルプロマジン、ハロペリドール、ペルフェナジン、チオリダジン、メソリダジン、トリフロペラジン、フルフェナジン、クロザピン、オランザピン、リスペリドン、ジプラシドン、クエチアピン、セルチンドール、アリピプラゾール、ソネピプラゾール(sonepiprazole)、ブロナンセリン、イロペリドン、ペロスピロン、ラクロプリド、ゾテピン、ビフェプルノックス(bifeprunox)、アセナピン、ルラシドン、アミスルプリド、パリペリドン(balaperidone)、パリンドレ(palindore)、エプリバンセリン、オサネタント(osanetant)、リモナバント(rimonabant)、メクリネルタント(meclinertant)、Miraxion(R)またはサリゾタン(sarizotan);
(17)バニロイドレセプターアゴニスト(例えば、レシニフェラトキシン(resinferatoxin))またはアンタゴニスト(例えば、カプサゼピン);
(18)β−アドレナリン作用性、例えば、プロプラノロール;
(19)局所麻酔薬、例えば、メキシレチン;
(20)コルチコステロイド、例えば、デキサメタゾン;
(21)5−HTレセプターアゴニストまたはアンタゴニスト、特に、5−HT1B/1Dアゴニスト、例えば、エレトリプタン、スマトリプタン、ナラトリプタン、ゾルミトリプタンまたはリザトリプタン;
(22)5−HT2Aレセプターアンタゴニスト、例えば、R(+)−α−(2,3−ジメトキシ−フェニル)−l−[2−(4−フルオロ−フェニルエチル)]−4−ピペリジンメタノール(MDL−100907);
(23)コリン作用性(ニコチン様)鎮痛薬、例えば、イスプロニクリン(TC−1734)、(E)−N−メチル−4−(3−ピリジニル)−3−ブテン−l−アミン(RJR−2403)、(R)−5−(2−アゼチジニルメトキシ)−2−クロロピリジン(ABT−594)またはニコチン;
(24)Tramadol(登録商標);
(25)PDEV阻害剤、例えば、5−[2−エトキシ−5−(4−メチル−l−ピペラジニル−スルホニル)フェニル]−l−メチル−3−n−プロピル−L、6−ジヒドロ−7H−ピラゾロ[4,3−d]ピリミジン−7−オン(シルデナフィル)、(6R,12aR)−2,3,6,7,12,12a−ヘキサヒドロ−2−メチル−6−(3,4−メチレンジオキシフェニル)−ピラジノ[2’,l’:6,l]−ピリド[3,4−b]インドール−L、4−ジオン(IC−351またはタダラフィル)、2−[2−エトキシ−5−(4−エチル−ピペラジン−l−イル−l−スルホニル)−フェニル]−5−メチル−7−プロピル−3H−イミダゾ[5,l−f][L、2,4]トリアジン−4−オン(バルデナフィル)、5−(5−アセチル−2−ブトキシ−3−ピリジニル)−3−エチル−2−(1−エチル−3−アゼチジニル)−2,6−ジヒドロ−7//−ピラゾロ[4,3−<i]ピリミジン−7−オン、5−(5−アセチル−2−プロポキシ−3−ピリジニル)−3−エチル−2−(1−イソプロピル−3−アゼチジニル)−2,6−ジヒドロ−7H−ピラゾロ[4,3−<i]ピリミジン(pvrimidm)−7−オン、5−[2−エトキシ−5−(4−エチルピペラジン−l−イルスルホニル)ピリジン−3−イル]−3−エチル−2−[2−メトキシエチル]−2,6−ジヒドロ−7H−ピラゾロ[4,3−d]ピリミジン−7−オン、4−[(3−クロロ−4−メトキシベンジル)アミノ]−2−[(2S)−2−(ヒドロキシメチル)ピロリジン−l−イル]−N−(ピリミジン−2−イルメチル)ピリミジン−5−カルボキサミド、3−(l−メチル−7−オキソ−3−プロピル−6,7−ジヒドロ−lH−ピラゾロ[4,3−d]ピリミジン−5−イル)−N−[2−(l−メチルピロリジン−2−イル)エチル]−4−プロポキシベンゼンスルホンアミド;
(26)α−2−δリガンド、例えば、ガバペンチン、プレガバリン、3−メチルガバペンチン、(l[α],3[α],5[α])(3−アミノ−メチル−ビシクロ[3.2.0]ヘプタ−3−イル)−酢酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノメチル−5−メチル−ヘプタン酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノ−5−メチル−ヘプタン酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノ−5−メチル−オクタン酸、(2S,4S)−4−(3−クロロフェノキシ)プロリン、(2S,4S)−4−(3−フルオロベンジル)−プロリン、[(lR,5R,6S)−6−(アミノメチル)ビシクロ[3.2.0]ヘプタ−6−イル]酢酸、3−(l−アミノメチル−シクロヘキシルメチル)−4H−[1,2,4]オキサジアゾール−5−オン、C−[1−(IH−テトラゾール−5−イルメチル)−シクロヘプチル]−メチルアミン、(3S,4S)−(l−アミノメチル−3,4−ジメチル−シクロペンチル)−酢酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノメチル−5−メチル−オクタン酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノ−5−メチル−ノナン酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノ−5−メチル−オクタン酸、(3R,4R,5R)−3−アミノ−4,5−ジメチル−ヘプタン酸および(3R,4R,5R)−3−アミノ−4,5−ジメチル−オクタン酸;
(27)カンナビノイド;
(28)代謝生成物産生グルタメートサブタイプ1レセプター(mGluRl)アンタゴニスト;
(29)セロトニン再取り込み阻害剤、例えば、セルトラリン、セルトラリン代謝産物であるデメチルセルトラリン、フルオキセチン、ノルフルオキセチン(フルオキセチンデスメチル代謝産物)、フルボキサミン、パロキセチン、シタロプラム、シタロプラム代謝産物であるデスメチルシタロプラム、エスシタロプラム、d,l−フェンフルラミン、フェモキセチン、イホキセチン、シアノドチエピン、リトキセチン、ダポキセティン、ネファゾドン、セリクラミンおよびトラゾドン;
(30)ノルアドレナリン(ノルエピネフリン)再取り込み阻害剤、例えば、マプロチリン、ロフェプラミン、ミルタザピン(mirtazepine)、オキサプロチリン、フェゾラミン、トモキセチン、ミアンセリン、ブプロピオン(buproprion)、ブプロピオンの代謝産物であるヒドロキシブプロピオン、ノミフェンシンおよびビロキサジン(Vivalan(R))、特に、選択的ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害剤、例えば、レボキセチン、特に、(S,S)−レボキセチン;
(31)二重セロトニン−ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害剤、例えば、ベンラファキシン、ベンラファキシンの代謝産物であるO−デスメチルベンラファキシン、クロミプラミン、クロミプラミン代謝産物であるデスメチルクロミプラミン、デュロキセチン、ミルナシプランおよびイミプラミン;
(32)誘導一酸化窒素シンターゼ(iNOS)阻害剤、例えば、S−[2−[(l−イミノエチル)アミノ]エチル]−L−ホモシステイン、S−[2−[(l−イミノエチル)−アミノ]エチル]−4,4−ジオキソ−L−システイン、S−[2−[(l−イミノエチル)アミノ]エチル]−2−メチル−L−システイン、(2S,5Z)−2−アミノ−2−メチル−7−[(l−イミノエチル)アミノ]−5−ヘプテン酸、2−[[(lR,3S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−l−(5−チアゾリル)−ブチル]チオ]−S−クロロ−S−ピリジンカルボニトリル;2−[[(lR,3S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−l−(5−チアゾリル)ブチル]チオ]−4−クロロベンゾニトリル、(2S,4R)−2−アミノ−4−[[2−クロロ−5−(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]チオ]−5−チアゾールブタノール、2−[[(lR,3S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−l−(5−チアゾリル)ブチル]チオ]−6−(トリフルオロメチル)−3ピリジンカルボニトリル、2−[[(lR,3S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−1−(5−チアゾリル)ブチル]チオ]−5−クロロベンゾニトリル、N−[4−[2−(3−クロロベンジルアミノ)エチル]フェニル]チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド、またはグアニジノエチルジスルフィド;
(33)アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤、例えば、ドネペジル;
(34)プロスタグランジンE2サブタイプ4(EP4)アンタゴニスト、例えば、7V−[({2−[4−(2−エチル−4,6−ジメチル−lH−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−l−イル)フェニル]エチル}アミノ)−カルボニル]−4−メチルベンゼンスルホンアミドまたは4−[(15)−l−({[5−クロロ−2−(3−フルオロフェノキシ)ピリジン−3−イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸;
(35)ロイコトリエンB4アンタゴニスト;例えば、l−(3−ビフェニル−4−イルメチル−4−ヒドロキシ−クロマン−7−イル)−シクロペンタンカルボン酸(CP−105696)、5−[2−(2−カルボキシエチル)−3−[6−(4−メトキシフェニル)−5E−ヘキセニル]オキシフェノキシ]−吉草酸(ONO−4057)またはDPC−11870、
(36)5−リポキシゲナーゼ阻害剤、例えば、ジロイトン、6−[(3−フルオロ−5−[4−メトキシ−3,4,5,6−テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル])フェノキシ−メチル]−l−メチル−2−キノロン(ZD−2138)、または2,3,5−トリメチル−6−(3−ピリジルメチル),L、4−ベンゾキノン(CV−6504);
(37)ナトリウムチャネル遮断薬、例えば、リドカイン;
(38)5−HT3アンタゴニスト、例えば、オンダンセトロン;ならびにこれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩および溶媒和物。
工程1:8−オキソ−11−オキサ−3−アザスピロ[5,5]ウンデカ−9−エン−3−カルボン酸tert−ブチル
工程1:4−イソプロポキシ−3−メトキシ−ベンゾイルクロリド
工程1:11−オキサ−3−アザスピロ[5.5]ウンデカ−9−エン−8−オン
工程1:10−エチル−11−オキサ−3−アザスピロ[5.5]ウンデカン−8−オン
工程1:3−(4−イソプロポキシ−3−メトキシ−ベンゾイル)−11−オキサ−3−アザスピロ[5.5]ウンデカ−9−エン−8−オン
工程1:1−(3−ピリジル)ブタン−1,3−ジオン
方法A:
方法A:
以下の化合物を、上記で報告した手順を使用して調製した:
工程1:(4−イソプロポキシ−3−メチル−フェニル)−[8−イソプロポキシ−10−(3−ピリジル)−11−オキサ−3−アザスピロ[5.5]ウンデカ−9−エン−3−イル]メタノン
工程1:cis−8−エトキシ−10−(2−ピリジル)−11−オキサ−3−アザスピロ[5.5]ウンデカン;2,2,2−トリフルオロ酢酸
以下の化合物を、上記で報告した手順を使用して調製した:
工程1:1−(1−(4−イソプロポキシ−3−メチルベンゾイル)ピペリジン−4−イリデン)プロパン−2−オン
工程1:4,6−ジブロモ−2−メチルピリジン−3−オール
工程1:4−(イソプロピルチオ)−3−メチル安息香酸
工程1:3−ホルミル−4−イソプロピル安息香酸メチル
工程1:3−ホルミル−4−イソプロポキシ−安息香酸メチル
工程1:3−シアノ−4−フルオロ−安息香酸メチル
DMF(12mL)中の3−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシ−安息香酸メチル(2.0g、11.8mmol)にK2CO3(6.50g、47.04mmol)を添加し、その後2−ヨードプロパン(2.35mL、23.5mmol)を添加した。この反応混合物を60℃で1.5時間加熱した。この反応混合物を冷却し、EtOAcで希釈し、濾過し、溶媒を減圧中でエバポレートした。生じた残渣をEtOAcに溶解させ、水(3×10mL)、およびブライン溶液(1×10mL)で逐次的に洗浄した。有機物を分離し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、減圧中で濃縮し、所望のエステルを得た。ESI-MS m/z 計算値212.2, 実測値 213.3 (M+1)+; 保持時間: 1.7分(3分間の実行)。 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO) δ 7.76 (ddd, J = 8.6, 2.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J = 11.9, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.79 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 1.32 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 6H)。
上記からのエステルにジオキサン(31mL)とNaOH溶液(31.2mL(1M)、31.2mmol)を添加し、反応を80℃で20分間加熱し、次いで、減圧中で濃縮した。この粗製混合物を水に溶解させ、EtOAc(3×10mL)で洗浄した。層を分離し、水層を1M HCl溶液を使用して酸性化させた。水層をEtOAc(3×10mL)で抽出した。この有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、減圧中で濃縮して3−フルオロ−4−イソプロポキシ−安息香酸(1.7g、72%)を白色固体として得た。ESI-MS m/z 計算値198.1, 実測値 199.1 (M+1)+; 保持時間: 1.7分(3分間の実行)。
4−イソプロポキシ−3−メチル安息香酸
4−イソプロポキシ−3−メトキシ−安息香酸の調製
2−ブロモプロパン(3.39mL、36.2mmoL)を4−ブロモ−2−メトキシ−フェノール(5g、24.1mmol)、K2CO3(6.67g、48.3mmol)およびDMSO(71mL)の懸濁物に、室温で添加した。不均一混合物を55℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで、室温まで冷却し、水で希釈した。この反応混合物をEt2Oで抽出し、抽出物を連続して10%aq.NaOH溶液、水、次いで、ブライン溶液で洗浄した。有機物を分離し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濾過し、減圧中で濃縮して4−ブロモ−1−イソプロポキシ−2−メトキシ−ベンゼン(5.83g、94%)を淡黄色油状物として得た。ESI-MS m/z 計算値244.0, 実測値 245.0 (M+1)+; 保持時間: 1.93分(3分間の実行)。 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.03 - 6.95 (m, 2H), 6.76 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 6H)。
窒素雰囲気下、tert−ブチルリチウム(2.14mL(トルエン中1.6M)、3.42mmoL)をTHF(6mL)中の4−ブロモ−1−イソプロポキシ−2−メトキシ−ベンゼン(400mg、1.63mmol)の溶液に−78℃で滴下により添加した。この反応混合物を1時間−78℃で撹拌し、次いで、THF(2mL)中CO2(1.8g、40.8mmol)(固体、ドライアイス)を含むフラスコに滴下により添加した。この反応混合物を30分間撹拌し、室温まで温めた。水(20mL)をこの反応混合物に添加し、揮発性物質を減圧中で除去した。得られた水層を1N HCl溶液でpH 1まで酸性化し、酢酸エチル(3×15mL)で抽出した。有機物を分離し、合わせた有機物をブライン溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濾過し、減圧中で濃縮して4−イソプロポキシ−3−メトキシ−安息香酸(310mg、85%)を白色固体として得た。ESI-MS m/z 計算値210.1, 実測値 211.1 (M+1)+; 保持時間: 1.23分(3分間の実行)。 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO) δ 12.63 (s, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 1.28 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H)。
水(6mL)およびエタノール(60mL)中の1−クロロ−2−メチル−プロパン−2−オール(10mL)、4−ヒドロキシベンゾニトリル(2g、16.8mmol)、K2CO3(9.3g、67.3mmol)の混合物を80℃で16時間加熱した。この反応混合物を冷却し、溶媒を減圧中で濃縮した。この残渣をエーテル(200mL)で希釈し、濾過し、濾液を水(50mL)およびブライン溶液(50mL)で逐次的に洗浄した。有機物を分離し、MgSO4で乾燥し、溶媒を減圧中で除去して残渣を得た。この残渣を、(0〜100%)EtOAc/DCMを溶出液として使用してシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、4−(2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−プロポキシ)ベンゾニトリル(3.0g、94%)を黄色固体として得た。 ESI-MS m/z 計算値191.1, 実測値 192.3 (M+1)+; 保持時間: 1.05分(3分間の実行)。
エタノール(15mL)中4−(2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−プロポキシ)ベンゾニトリル(1.0g、5.2mmol)にNaOH溶液(5mL(5M)、25mmol)を添加し、この反応混合物を85℃で1時間加熱し、減圧中で濃縮し、酢酸エチル(50mL)で希釈した。この有機層にブライン溶液(10mL)と6N HCl(3mL、pH 6に調整した)の混合物を添加した。この有機層を分離し、MgSO4で乾燥し、減圧中で濃縮し、黄色固体を得た。この黄色固体をジエチルエーテルで2回粉砕し、4−(2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−プロポキシ)安息香酸(0.8g、76%)を白色固体として得た。ESI-MS m/z 計算値195.1, 実測値 196.1 (M+1)+; 保持時間: 0.62分(3分間の実行)。 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO) δ 12.59 (s, 1H), 7.98 - 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.09 - 6.81 (m, 2H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 1.30 - 1.00 (s, 6H)。
下記の化合物を上記の一般的な手順により調製した:
4−(1−ヒドロキシシクロブチル)安息香酸
4−(2−ヒドロキシブタン−2−イル)安息香酸
3−フルオロ−4−(2−ヒドロキシプロパン−2−イル)安息香酸
4−tert−ブトキシ−3−メトキシ安息香酸
工程1:4−tert−ブトキシ−3−メトキシベンズアルデヒド
(電気刺激を用いたE−VIPR光学膜電位アッセイ法)
ナトリウムチャネルは、電場を適用することによって膜電位(membrane voltage)変化を誘導することにより活性化され得る、電位依存性タンパク質である。電気刺激機器および使用方法は、本明細書中に参考として援用されるIon Channel Assay Methods PCT/US01/21652に記載されており、E−VIPRと呼ばれる。この機器は、マイクロタイタープレートハンドラーと、クマリンおよびオキソノールの放射を記録する間にクマリン色素を励起させるための光学システムと、波形発生器と、電流または電圧制御増幅器と、ウェル内に電極を挿入するための装置とを備える。総合的なコンピュータ制御の下、この機器は、マイクロタイタープレートのウェル内の細胞に、ユーザがプログラムした電気刺激プロトコールを与える。
無水DMSO中100mg/mLのPluronic F−127(Sigma #P2443)
化合物用プレート:384ウェルの丸底プレート、例えば、Corning 384ウェルPolypropylene Round Bottom #3656
細胞用プレート:384ウェルの組織培養処理済プレート、例えば、Greiner #781091−1B
無水DMSO中10mMのDiSBAC6(3)(Aurora #00−100−010)
無水DMSO中10mMのCC2−DMPE(Aurora #00−100−008)
H20中200mMのABSC1
Bath1バッファー。グルコース10mM(1.8g/L)、塩化マグネシウム(無水物),1mM(0.095g/L)、塩化カルシウム,2mM(0.222g/L)、HEPES 10mM(2.38g/L)、塩化カリウム,4.5mM(0.335g/L)、塩化ナトリウム160mM(9.35g/L)。
1)化合物(純(neat)DMSO中)を化合物プレートに事前スポットする。ビヒクルコントロール(純DMSO)、ポジティブコントロール(20mM DMSOストック テトラカイン、アッセイにおいて最終的に125μM)および試験化合物を純DMSO中の所望の最終濃度の160倍で各ウェルに添加する。最終的な化合物プレートの容量は、80μLとなる(1μLのDMSOスポットから80倍の中間希釈;細胞プレートに移した後に、160倍の最終希釈)。アッセイにおける全てのウェルについての最終DMSO濃度は、0.625%である。
データを分析し、460nmおよび580nmチャネルで測定されたバックグラウンド強度を減算した放出強度の正規化された比として報告する。次いでバックグラウンド強度を各アッセイチャネルから差し引く。バックグラウンド強度は、細胞が存在しない同一に処理されたアッセイウェルからの、同じ時間での放出強度を測定することによって得られる。次いで時間の関数としての応答を、下式を使用して得られた比として報告する:
パッチクランプ電気生理学を使用して、後根神経節ニューロンでのナトリウムチャネル遮断薬の効力および選択性を評価した。ラットのニューロンを後根神経節から単離し、NGF(50ng/ml)の存在下で培地中に2〜10日間維持した(培養培地は、B27、グルタミン、および抗生物質を補充したNeurobasalAからなるものであった)。小直径のニューロン(侵害受容器、直径8〜12μm)を視覚により確認し、増幅器(Axon Instruments)に接続された微細なチップのガラス電極でプローブを行った。「電位クランプ」モードを使用して、−60mVで細胞を保持する化合物のIC50を評価した。さらに、「電流クランプ」モードを用いて、電流注入に応答した活動電位発生を遮断する化合物の効力を試験した。これらの実験の結果は、化合物の効力プロファイルの定義に寄与した。
ナトリウム電流を、自動化パッチクランプシステムIonWorks(Molecular Devices Corporation,Inc.)を用いて記録した。Navサブタイプを発現する細胞を組織培養物から回収し、そして、Bath1 1mLあたり0.5〜400万細胞で懸濁液中に配置する。IonWorks機器は、384ウェルフォーマットである点を除いて、従来のパッチクランプアッセイと同様に、印加された電位クランプに応答するナトリウム電流の変化を測定する。IonWorksを用い、試験化合物の添加前および添加後に、細胞を、実験特異的な保持電位から約0mVの試験電位まで脱分極させることによって、電位クランプモードにおいて容量−応答の関係性を決定した。電流に対する化合物の影響を、試験電位において測定する。
本発明の化合物のナトリウムチャネル阻害特性はまた、Williams,B.S.ら、”Characterization of a New Class of Potent Inhibitors of the Voltage−Gated Sodium Channel NaV 1.7”,Biochemistry,2007,46,14693−14703(この文献の全内容が本明細書中に参考として援用される)に記載されるアッセイ方法によっても決定され得る。
Claims (25)
- 式I:
式Iにおいて、各場合について独立して:
R1は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6フルオロアルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、CF3、必要に応じて置換されたヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで2個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R2は、C1〜C6アルキル、重水素化されたC1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6フルオロアルキル、CF3、CHF2、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで2個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R3は、C1〜C6アルキル、またはハロであり;
R8は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、CF3、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで2個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNRで置き換えられ得るか、あるいは2個のR8は、これらが結合している原子と一緒になって、環を形成し;
R9は、H、CF3、CHF2、CH2F、CO2R、ハロ、OH、必要に応じて置換されたアリール、ヘテロアリール、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、N(R)2、NRCOR、CON(R)2、CN、またはSO2Rであり;
Rは、H、C1〜C6アルキル、必要に応じて置換されたアリール、ヘテロアリール、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、またはヘテロシクロアルキルであり;
環Aは、必要に応じて置換された、アリール、ヘテロアリールまたは複素環式であり; nは、0および4を含めて0〜4の整数であり;そして
oは、0および4を含めて0〜4の整数である、
化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩。 - Aは、
R4は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R5は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R6は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;あるいは
R4とR5、またはR5とR6の2つの存在が、これらが結合している炭素と一緒になって、2個までのヘテロ原子を含む、必要に応じて置換された環を形成する、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - R5は、H、CH3、OCH3、OCH(CH3)2、F、Cl、CF3、CN、またはCH2OHである、請求項4に記載の化合物。
- Aは、ヘテロアリールまたは複素環式である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Aは、
R4は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6フルオロアルコキシ、ハロ、CN、OH、OR8、N(R8)2、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R5は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6フルオロアルコキシ、ハロ、CN、OH、OR8、N(R8)2、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R6は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6フルオロアルコキシ、ハロ、CN、OH、OR8、N(R8)2、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;あるいは
R4とR5、またはR5とR6の2つの存在が、これらが結合している炭素と一緒になって、2個までのヘテロ原子を含む、必要に応じて置換された環を形成する、請求項9に記載の化合物。 - 前記化合物は、式IA
R1は、アリールまたはヘテロアリールであり、
R2は、C1〜C6アルコキシまたはC1〜C6フルオロアルコキシであり、
R5は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;
R6は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C1〜C6アルコキシ、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、ハロ、CN、OR8、SO2R8、SO2N(R8)2、CHF2、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、R9、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで3個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得;そして
R8は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、CF3、または直鎖、分枝鎖、もしくは環状の(C1〜C8)−R9であり、ここで2個までのCH2単位は、O、CO、S、SO、SO2、N、CF2、またはNR8で置き換えられ得、あるいは2個のR8は、これらが結合している原子と一緒になって、環を形成する、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - R5は、H、CH3、OCH3、CF3、OCHF2、F、Cl、CN、またはCH2OHである、請求項15に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物および薬学的に受容可能なキャリアを含有する、薬学的組成物。
- 電位開口型ナトリウムイオンチャネルを:
患者;または
生物学的サンプル;
において阻害する方法であって、該方法は、請求項1に記載の化合物を、該患者に投与す
るか、または該生物学的サンプルに接触させる工程を包含する、方法。 - 前記電位開口型ナトリウムイオンチャネルがNaV 1.7である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 被験体において、急性、慢性、神経障害性、もしくは炎症性の疼痛、関節炎、片頭痛、群発性頭痛、三叉神経痛、ヘルペス性神経痛、全身性神経痛、癲癇もしくは癲癇状態、神経変性障害、精神障害、不安症、うつ病、双極性障害、筋緊張症、不整脈、運動障害、神経内分泌障害、運動失調、多発性硬化症、過敏性腸症候群、失禁、内臓痛、変形性関節症痛、ヘルペス後神経痛、糖尿病性ニューロパチー、根痛、坐骨神経痛、背痛、頭痛もしくは頸痛、激痛もしくは難治性疼痛、侵害受容性疼痛、突出痛、術後疼痛、癌性疼痛、卒中、脳虚血、外傷性脳損傷、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、ストレスもしくは運動誘発性狭心症、動悸、高血圧、片頭痛、または異常な胃腸運動性を処置するかまたはその重篤度を軽減する方法であって、有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物を投与する工程を包含する、方法。
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EP2804868A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
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ES2631611T3 (es) | 2017-09-01 |
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