JP2014531031A - 小分析物の定量的検出のためのポイントオブケア免疫アッセイ - Google Patents
小分析物の定量的検出のためのポイントオブケア免疫アッセイ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2012年4月23日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/637,146号、および2011年10月21日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/550,141号に対し優先権を主張し、その両方の内容は、全体が参照によって本開示に援用される。
本発明は一般的に、サンプル中の分析物の存在を検出するためのアッセイ方法、およびそれを行うためのデバイスおよびキットに関連する。
処方オピオイドの乱用および中毒は、米国の個人、組織、および実業に対して急速に大きな損害を与えている。約250万人の個人が、毎年処方オピオイドの非医学的使用を開始すると推定され、そして処方オピオイドの乱用の件数は、今やコカインおよびヘロインを含む多くの従来のストリートドラッグのそれを超えている。オピオイド処方物は、広い範囲の方法によって誤用され得る。患者は、本当の、誇張された、または存在しない疼痛症状のために処方オピオイドを求め、複数の医師を訪問し、そして複数の薬局で該処方物を充足させ得、それは「ドクターショッピング」として公知の行為である。次いでこれらの処方物が、患者自身によって誤用される、家族または友人に転用される、または闇市場で販売され得る。
被験体からの生物学的サンプル中の小分析物の量を定量的に測定するためのポイントオブケアアッセイが開発された。その分析物は、有機化合物、無機化合物、または有機金属化合物、または金属イオンであり得る。代表的な分析物は、薬物、代謝物、ホルモンなどの生物製剤、毒素、および環境汚染物を含む。
採取の場所で、患者または飼育動物または家畜からの生物学的サンプル中の、1つまたはそれより多くの小分析物(例えば薬物、薬物代謝物、重金属、またはホルモン)を定量的に測定するために使用し得る、ポイントオブケアアッセイが開示される。特に、ポイントオブケアアッセイは、医師が、任意の薬剤を処方する前に、被験体の薬物、薬物代謝物、重金属、および/またはホルモンレベルを決定することを可能にする。好ましい実施態様において、このアッセイを、生物学的サンプルを得てから1時間以内に、好ましくは30分以内に、より好ましくは10分以内に行い得る。
I.定義
II.ポイントオブケアアッセイ
A.検出される小分析物
i.薬物および薬物代謝物
1.オピオイド
3.ニコチン
ii.動物において妊娠または排卵の時期を検出するためのホルモン
iii.重金属イオン
B.結合剤および捕捉剤
i.抗体
ii.核酸アプタマー
iii.ペプチドアプタマー
C.生物学的サンプル
アッセイ流体
D.側方流動デバイス
i.固体基板
ii.適用ポイント
iii.コンジュゲートゾーン
iv.吸収ゾーン
v.捕捉ゾーン
vi.捕捉粒子
上記粒子の物理的性質に有意に影響しない手段によって、検出を促進するためにその粒子を標識し得る。例えば、粒子を内部で標識し得る(すなわち、その標識は粒子内に、例えばリポソーム内またはポリスチレンラテックスビーズの内側に含まれる)。代表的な標識としては、発光標識;化学発光標識;燐光標識;蛍光標識;燐光標識;酵素結合標識;電気活性剤(例えばフェロシアン化物)などの化学標識;および色素などの比色定量標識が挙げられる。1つの実施態様において、蛍光標識を使用する。別の実施態様において、燐光粒子、特に米国特許第5,043,265号において記載されたものなどの、アップコンバーティング燐光粒子を使用する。
E.サンプル採取器具
III.アッセイ法
A.サンプルの調製
B.サンプルの適用
C.検出
D.結果の解釈
y=f(x1,x2)+ε
のように表し得る。
y=β0+β1x1+β2x2+ε
と表し得る。
y=β0+β1x1+β2x2+β11x2 11+β22x2 22+β12x1x2+ε
yn=yx/yc
によって表し得、ここでyxは未知の分析物の検出された応答であり、ycは膜中または膜上のコントロールマーカーの検出された応答であり、そしてynは正規化した応答である。
x1n=x1/xc
によって表し得、ここでx1nは未知の分析物の無次元の濃度であり、x1は分析物の濃度であり、そしてxcは、アッセイにおいて最も高いレベルの分析物の濃度(すなわち、診断的に関連していない、より高いレベル)である。RSM由来の無次元の値から、分析物の実際の値を回復するためには、その分析物の定数xcをかけるだけである。典型的には、この操作は、デバイスの操作に対して本質的であり、検出された分析物の報告される濃度を調べるだけの末端使用者には不可視である。
IV.キット
Claims (33)
- 被験体からの生物学的サンプル中の分析物の量を定量的に測定するための非競合アッセイ方法であって:
a)該生物学的サンプルを
(i)結合剤であって、該分析物に選択的に結合して、該結合剤および該分析物の捕捉複合体を形成する結合剤、および
(ii)捕捉剤であって、該捕捉複合体に選択的に結合するが、フリーの分析物には結合せず、該結合剤、捕捉剤および分析物のサンドイッチ複合体を形成する捕捉剤、と反応させる工程、および
b)サンドイッチ複合体形成物を測定する工程;を含み、
該サンドイッチ複合体形成物の量が、該サンプル中の該分析物の量と直接関連する、方法。 - 被験体からの生物学的サンプル中の分析物の量を定量的に測定するための非競合アッセイ方法であって:
a)該分析物に集団で選択的に結合して、結合剤、捕捉剤および分析物のサンドイッチ複合体を形成する該結合剤および該捕捉剤と、該生物学的サンプルを反応させる工程、および
b)サンドイッチ複合体形成物を測定する工程、を含み、
該サンドイッチ複合体形成の量が、該サンプル中の該分析物の量と直接関連する、方法。 - 前記結合剤が、分析物に選択的に結合する、抗体、核酸アプタマー、またはペプチドアプタマーを含む、請求項1または2のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記捕捉剤が、前記捕捉複合体に選択的に結合する、抗体、核酸アプタマー、またはペプチドアプタマーを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記結合剤が、第一の検出可能な標識と連結する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記捕捉剤が、第二の検出可能な標識と連結する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記第一の検出可能な標識および前記第二の検出可能な標識が、別々の励起波長および発光波長の組み合わせを有する蛍光分子である、請求項6に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記第一の検出可能な標識および前記第二の検出可能な標識が、蛍光共鳴エネルギー転移(FRET)ドナー−アクセプターペアを形成する、請求項6または7に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記核酸アプタマーの結合剤または捕捉剤が、フルオロフォアおよび消光剤ペアを含み、前記サンドイッチ複合体の形成が、結果として該フルオロフォアの検出可能な消光または非消光が生じる、請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記分析物が、2,000ダルトン未満の分子量を有する、ホルモン、薬物、または薬物代謝物である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記薬物が乱用薬物である、請求項10に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記薬物がオピオイドまたはオピオイド代謝物である、請求項11に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記オピオイドが、モルヒネ、コデイン、テバイン、ヘロイン、ヒドロモルフォン、ヒドロコドン、オキシコドン、オキシモルフォン、デソモルフィン、ニコモルフィン、プロポキシフェン、ジプロパノイルモルフィン、ベンジルモルフィン、エチルモルフィン、ブプレノルフィン、フェンタニル、ペチジン、メペリジン、メタドン、トラマドール、デキストロプロポキシフェン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記薬物が、オキシコドン、ヒドロコドン、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項12に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記薬物代謝物が、ノルオキシコドン、オキシモロフォン、ヒドロモルフォン、ノルヒドロコドン、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項12に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記分析物がTHCまたはその代謝物である、請求項11に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記分析物がニコチンまたはその代謝物である、請求項10に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 側方流動イムノアッセイを含む、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 請求項18に記載の非競合アッセイ方法であって、
a)必要に応じて、結合剤を前記生物学的サンプルに加える工程;
b)該生物学的サンプルを、適用ポイント、任意選択のコンジュゲートゾーン、捕捉ゾーン、および吸収ゾーンを含む膜小片に適用する工程であって、該コンジュゲートゾーンが該結合剤を含み、該捕捉ゾーンが、該膜小片内、または該膜小片上に固定化された前記捕捉剤を含み、該生物学的サンプルを該適用ポイントに適用する、工程;
c)必要に応じて、該生物学的サンプル中に存在する分析物が、毛管作用によって該膜小片を通り、該コンジュゲートゾーンまで移動することを可能にし、かつ該分析物に対する該結合剤の結合が、捕捉複合体を形成することを可能にする条件下で、該膜小片を維持する工程;
d)該捕捉複合体が、毛管作用によって該膜小片を通り、該捕捉ゾーンまで移動することを可能にし、かつ該捕捉複合体に対する該捕捉剤の結合が、サンドイッチ複合体を形成することを可能にする条件下で、該膜小片を維持する工程;
e)さらに、該捕捉ゾーンに固定化されていない結合剤の該吸収ゾーンへの移動を可能にする条件下で、該膜小片を維持する工程;および
f)該捕捉ゾーンのサンドイッチ複合体の量を決定する工程、を含み、
該サンプル中の分析物の量が、該捕捉ゾーンに存在するサンドイッチ複合体の量と直接関連する、方法。 - 前記膜小片が、セルロース、硝酸セルロース、酢酸セルロース、グラスファイバー、ナイロン、高分子電解質、アクリルコポリマー、ポリエーテルスルホンからなる群から選択される材料を含む、請求項19に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記膜小片が単層融合マトリクス材料を含む、請求項19に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記サンドイッチ複合体の量が、前記捕捉ゾーンで検出される第一の検出可能な標識の量の、該捕捉ゾーンで検出されるコントロールの検出可能な標識の量に対する比として決定される、請求項19〜21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記捕捉剤を、前記膜小片内に捕捉されている粒子に結合体化する、請求項19〜21のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記コントロールの検出可能な標識が、前記粒子内または前記粒子上にある、請求項23に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記捕捉剤が、前記捕捉ゾーン内の捕捉ラインに存在する、請求項19〜24のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記捕捉ラインで検出される結合剤の量が、コントロール捕捉ラインで検出されるコントロール分析物と特異的に結合する結合剤の量に対して正規化される、請求項25に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記コントロール分析物が、前記生物学的サンプルを前記膜小片の前記適用ポイントへ投与する前に、該サンプルに加えられる、請求項26に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記生物学的サンプル中の分析物の量が、複数の標準分析物から計算し、かつ内部コントロールを用いて調整した応答曲面に対して、検出される結合剤の量をプロットすることによって、決定される、請求項19〜27のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 前記応答曲面が内部コントロールを用いて調整される、請求項28に記載の非競合アッセイ方法。
- 2,000ダルトン未満の分子量を有する、ホルモン、薬物、または薬物代謝物からなる群から選択される分析物のための、請求項1〜29のいずれか一項に記載の非競合アッセイ方法を行うためのキットであって、
該キットが、適用ポイント、捕捉ゾーン、および吸収ゾーンを含む膜小片を含み、
該捕捉ゾーンが、結合剤−分析物複合体に選択的に結合するが、フリーの分析物には結合しない、該膜小片内、または該膜小片上に固定化された捕捉剤を含み、
該捕捉剤が、抗体、核酸アプタマー、またはペプチドアプタマーを含む、キット。 - 前記膜小片が、さらにコンジュゲートゾーンを含み、該コンジュゲートゾーンが、該膜小片内、または該膜小片上に固定化された、抗体、核酸アプタマー、またはペプチドアプタマーからなる群から選択される結合剤を含む、請求項30に記載のキット。
- 前記捕捉ゾーンが固定化されたコントロール分析物を含む、請求項30に記載のキット。
- さらにサンプル採取器具を含み、該サンプル採取器具が、前記分析物に選択的に結合する結合剤を含む、請求項30に記載のキット。
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EP2769219B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
US20130102003A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
US20190204309A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
WO2013059805A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
CA2853103C (en) | 2020-01-07 |
AU2012325697B2 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
HK1201577A1 (en) | 2015-09-04 |
CA2853103A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
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