JP2014218142A - Ship - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain propulsion power for backing as much as possible when changing the direction of steering.SOLUTION: When propulsion power in a reverse direction is obtained by changing the direction of a left and right pair of steering wheels 5 attached to a rear part of a propeller 4, the respective steering wheels 5 comprises: a first blade 51 capable of changing an angle with respect to a traveling direction and disposed within a rotation radius of the propeller 4; and a second blade 56 coupled to the rear end side of the first blade 51 by a hinge 55 and capable of changing an angle with respect to the first blade 51. During emergency stop, the rear end side of the first blade 51 faces the rear direction in the left and right outside, and a front end side of the second blade 56 faces the front direction in the left and right outside by the bending of them. Then wind from the propeller 4 is blown in an oblique rear direction by the first blade 51, and then blown to an oblique front direction at the outside of the rotation radius of the propeller 4.

Description

  The present invention relates to a ship having a feature in a rudder control method when an emergency stop of a ship or a radio controlled boat (hereinafter referred to as “ship”), and more specifically, changes the rotation direction of a propeller when making an emergency stop. The present invention relates to a ship that can be given a propulsive force in the reverse direction without any problems.

  Conventionally, in general ships, propulsion force in the forward direction can be obtained by rotating an underwater propeller (screw) or an aerial propeller, and when propelling the ship, the propeller is used. The rotation of the water is stopped and the resistance of water is used.

  However, when the ship is decelerated or stopped by such a method, there is no problem if the braking distance is relatively long, but in an emergency where the dangerous goods must be avoided, the braking distance becomes long and the dangerous goods There is a risk of collision. In such a case, a method of reversing the propeller in reverse can be considered, but the propeller cannot be suddenly rotated in the reverse direction due to the inertial force of the propeller during high-speed traveling.

  Therefore, in Patent Documents 1 to 3 below, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the resistance of the fluid is increased by spreading the two rudders 9 provided at the rear of the propeller outwardly. Thus, a method has been proposed in which the braking distance can be shortened. According to such a method, there is an advantage that a large resistance can be received and the braking distance of the ship can be shortened by normally spreading the rudder 9 left and right.

JP 2005-052887 A JP 2010-162965 A JP-A-9-136697

  However, even when the ship is urgently stopped by such a method, there are the following problems.

  That is, the ship stopping method as shown in FIG. 8 (a) increases the resistance by spreading the rudder 9 to the left and right sides to shorten the braking distance. Since the propeller continues to rotate due to the inertial force, even if the rudder 9 is widened to the left and right, the propulsion force of the propeller is only cut off and the braking distance cannot be shortened.

  On the other hand, in Patent Document 2, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the rear end side of the rudder 9 is rotated so as to face forward, thereby obtaining a propulsive force for backward movement. Is disclosed. However, in the case where the rudder 9 is expanded and stopped in an emergency manner in this way, when the rear end side of the rudder is rotated 90 degrees or more, as shown by the black arrows in FIG. The fluid gathers in the vicinity, and the fluid flows in the vertical direction from there, so that it is not possible to obtain the driving force for the backward movement.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rudder control device capable of obtaining a propulsive force for reverse as much as possible when changing the rudder direction. And

  That is, in order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a boat in which a propulsive force in a reverse direction can be obtained by changing the direction of a plurality of rudders attached to the rear of a propeller. A first blade located within the rotation radius of the propeller and capable of changing an angle with respect to the traveling direction is connected to the rear end side of the first blade so as to be bendable. A second blade whose angle can be changed, and when stopping at the time of forward traveling, the rear end side of the first blade is directed to the left and right outer rear and the front end side of the second blade is front to the left and right outer front And a control unit that controls each blade so as to be bent toward the head.

  If it does in this way, at the time of an emergency stop, while the flow of the fluid from a propeller can be flowed toward right-and-left back by the 1st blade, the flow can be flowed to the front by the 2nd blade from there. Therefore, it becomes possible to shorten the braking distance at the time of emergency stop by applying a propulsive force in the reverse direction.

  Further, in such an invention, when stopping the ship during forward traveling, the rear end side of the first blade is directed to the left and right outer rear so as to be positioned outside the rotation radius of the propeller, and the front end of the second blade The side is bent outside the propeller's radius of rotation and toward the front of the left and right sides.

  In this way, since the second blade is located outside the rotation radius of the propeller, the fluid from the propeller flowing from the first blade can flow forward.

  Furthermore, a tank for storing herbicide or fertilizer, a supply pipe for supplying exhaust pressure from an engine that drives the propeller into the tank, and a nozzle for spraying the herbicide or fertilizer discharged by the exhaust pressure. Be prepared.

  In this way, the herbicide and fertilizer can be sprayed by the exhaust pressure of the engine, so the spray rate can be increased during high-speed driving with a simple configuration, and the spray rate can be reduced during an emergency stop. Will be able to.

  According to the present invention, in a ship in which a propulsive force in a reverse direction can be obtained by changing the direction of a plurality of rudders attached to the rear of the propeller, the propeller rotates in each of the plurality of rudders. A first blade located within the radius and capable of changing the angle with respect to the traveling direction, and bendably connected to the rear end side of the first blade so that the angle can be changed with respect to the first blade When the boat is stopped during forward traveling, the rear end side of the first blade is directed to the left and right outer rear sides, and the front end side of the second blade is bent to the front of the left and right outer sides. And a control unit for controlling each blade so that the fluid flows from the propeller to the left and right rear by the first blade during an emergency stop. With Kill, by the second blade therefrom, it can flow towards the flow forward. As a result, it is possible to shorten the braking distance at the time of emergency stop by applying a propulsive force in the reverse direction.

Schematic which shows the ship and controller which show one embodiment of this invention Schematic plan view of the ship in the same form The figure which shows the wind output from the propeller in the same form Enlarged view showing the first blade and the second blade of the rudder in the same form The figure which shows the direction of the rudder when carrying out the emergency stop of the ship in the same form The figure which shows the direction of the rudder at the time of carrying out direction control of the ship in the same form The figure which shows the control of the rudder in other embodiment The figure which shows the direction of the rudder at the time of the conventional emergency stop

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  A ship 1 according to this embodiment is configured such that, for example, a herbicide can be sprayed while traveling on the surface of a paddy field. As shown in FIG. 1, a hull 2 floated on a relatively shallow waterside. A herbicide spreader 3 provided on the hull 2, a propeller 4 configured to blow air backward, and a pair of left and right rudders 5 provided behind the propeller 4 (see FIG. 2, etc.) It is configured with. Characteristically, as shown in FIG. 5, the rudder 5 is connected by a first blade 51 provided within the rotation radius of the propeller 4 and a hinge 55 behind the first blade 51. Two blades 56 are provided, and when moving forward, the first blade 51 is fixed in the front-rear direction so that the direction of the second blade 56 can be changed by changing the angle. The rear end is widened to the left and right rear, and the rear end side of the second blade 56 is directed frontward to the left and right so that the control unit 61 can control the propulsion force in the reverse direction. It is. Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described in detail. In the description, the front and rear direction of the ship 1 will be described as the X-axis direction (the rear side is the axial direction).

  First, the hull 2 constituting the ship 1 is configured in a rectangular shape in plan view by the FRP having a hollow structure, and even when the ship bottom is thinned by forming the hollow shape, the ship line 1 is reached. This makes it possible to drive even in shallow paddy fields. In addition, by thinning the bottom of the ship in this way, it is less susceptible to the influence of wind even in a windy state.

  The herbicide spreader 3 provided on the hull 2 can spray the herbicide on the paddy field, and can spray the liquid herbicide stored in the tank 30 from the nozzle 32. Here, when spraying the herbicide, it is preferable to adjust the discharge amount from the nozzle 32 according to the speed of the ship 1. Here, a supply pipe 31 that supplies exhaust gas of the engine 40 that is a driving source of the propeller 4 to the tank 30 is attached to the tank 30, and the pressure in the tank 30 is adjusted by the supply pipe 31. Then, the herbicide discharged by the pressure is sprayed from the rear nozzle 32 to the paddy field. Here, the spraying amount can be adjusted by the exhaust pressure, but the discharge amount of the herbicide may be adjusted by adjusting the hole diameter of the nozzle 32, or the discharge amount may be adjusted. Instead, a certain amount of herbicide may be discharged. In addition, when spraying the herbicide, it is sprayed to the paddy field from the rear nozzle 32, but it is discharged from the tank 30 toward the propeller 4, and the herbicide is diffused and sprayed from the propeller 4. Also good.

  On the other hand, the propeller 4 is provided rearward from the center of the upper surface of the hull 2, and a propulsive force backward can be obtained by rotating a plurality of blades 41 provided by the engine 40. The engine 40 can be driven by gasoline stored in a fuel tank. By the way, when the blade 41 of the propeller 4 is rotated, the wind speed from the propeller 4 is strongest at the inner side of the rotation radius slightly as shown in FIG. 3, and at the rotation center of the propeller 4, the wind speed is slightly higher. Will be smaller. For this reason, in order to be able to steer efficiently by the wind power output in such a state, the rudder 5 is provided at a position where the wind speed is the highest. The propeller 4 is controlled to rotate in the forward direction and the reverse direction by a control unit 61 provided on the controller 6 of the radio control.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the rudder 5 provided behind the propeller 4 is provided in a pair with a constant interval in the left-right direction of the hull 2, and as shown in FIG. Are connected by a first blade 51 having a relatively long length and a hinge 55 on the rear end side of the first blade 51, and a second blade 56 having a relatively short length in the X-axis direction. Are provided. Among these, the first blade 51 can be rotated around a first rotation shaft provided near the center thereof, and the angle can be adjusted using the first actuator 52 attached to the hull 2. It has become. At this time, the angle of the first blade 51 is set in the direction along the X-axis during normal forward travel, and as shown in FIG. 2 is set in the range of 60 to 80 degrees on both the left and right outer sides. When the angle is changed to the maximum extent in this way, the rear end side is positioned in the vicinity of the outside of the rotation radius of the propeller 4 (preferably outside the blade 41) in plan view. When the angle of the first blade 51 is changed, as shown in FIG. 4, the connecting member 54 from the first actuator 52 is attached to an L-shaped plate piece 53 attached to the lower side of the first blade 51. The angle of the first blade 51 is controlled by connecting and advancing and retracting the connecting member 54 in the axial direction. The angle adjustment of the first blade 51 is also controlled by the control unit 61 of the controller 6.

  On the other hand, the second blade 56 is connected by a hinge 55 provided on the rear end side of the first blade 51, and an angle with the first blade 51 can be adjusted by a second actuator 57. When adjusting the angle of the second blade 56, the second connection is made between the second actuator 57 attached to the first blade 51 and the L-shaped plate piece 58 attached to the lower side of the second blade 56. The member 59 is attached, and the second actuator 57 is controlled so that the second connecting member 59 is advanced and retracted in the axial direction. The control of the second blade 56 is also controlled together with the first blade 51 by the controller 61 of the controller 6.

  This control unit 61 is provided in the controller 6 of the radio control shown in FIG. 1, and includes a first joystick 62 tilted in the vertical direction and a second joystick 63 tilted in the left-right direction. The Further, an emergency stop button 64 or the like is provided as necessary. Then, the engine 40 is rotated in the forward direction by tilting the first joystick 62 upward, and conversely, the engine 40 is rotated in the reverse direction by tilting downward. The second joystick 63 is tilted to the right so that the rudder 5 can be turned to the right to turn right, and conversely, the left joystick 63 can be turned to the left by tilting to the left.

  In such a configuration, a control method of the rudder 5 when the ship 1 is moved forward and a control method of the rudder 5 when the ship 1 is urgently stopped will be described.

  (1) When going straight

  First, when the ship 1 moves straight, as shown in FIG. 6A, the first blade 51 and the second blade 56 are each linearly formed along the X-axis direction. At this time, a slight lift occurs due to the difference in wind speed output from the propeller 4 between the outside and the inside of the rudder 5, but since the rudder 5 is provided symmetrically, the lift 1 is canceled and the ship 1 is It can be made to go straight ahead.

  (2) When turning right

  When turning the ship 1 to the right, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the first blades 51 of the respective rudders 5 are fixed in a straight traveling state, and in this state, The attached second actuator 57 is controlled by the controller 6 to move the rear end side of each second blade 56 to the right. Then, the wind from the propeller 4 is output diagonally to the right rear, whereby the bow can be turned to the right and the ship 1 can be turned to the right. When the ship 1 is turned right as described above, the rudder 5 is controlled by tilting the second joystick 63 of the controller 6 to the right to turn the ship 1 to the right.

  (3) When turning left

  Further, when turning the ship 1 to the left, as shown in FIG. 6C, the first blades 51 are fixed in a straight traveling state and attached to the first blades 51 in that state. The second actuator 57 is controlled by the controller 6 to move the rear end side of each second blade 56 leftward. Then, the wind from the propeller 4 is output diagonally to the left rear, so that the bow 1 can turn leftward and the ship 1 can turn leftward. Thus, when turning the ship 1 left, the rudder 5 is controlled by tilting the second joystick 63 of the controller 6 to the left to turn the ship 1 left.

  (4) Emergency stop / backward

  On the other hand, when the ship 1 is urgently stopped, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6D, the first actuators 52 are driven so that the rear end side of the first blade 51 faces both left and right sides. To do. At this time, the angle θ of the first blade 51 is set within a range of 60 degrees to 80 degrees so that the wind output from the propeller 4 flows smoothly to the left and right outer sides by the first blade 51. Further, when the first blades 51 are set at such an angle, the gap on the front end side of each of the first blades 51 is made small so that no wind flows backward from the gap. Keep it. Further, when the first blade 51 is set at such an angle, the rear end side of the first blade 51 is positioned outside the rotation radius of the propeller 4. To flow outward smoothly. Then, the first blade 51 is expanded symmetrically in this way, and the angle of the second blade 56 attached via the hinge 55 is controlled. When controlling the angle of the second blade 56, the second actuator 57 is driven so that the rear end side of each second blade 56 faces the front side of the ship 1. At this time, since the rear end side of the second blade 56 is positioned outside the rotation radius of the propeller 4, the first blade 51 is not affected by direct wind from the propeller 4. The wind that has flowed along can be made to flow diagonally forward. Of the winds output obliquely forward in this way, the component along the X-axis direction acts as a propulsive force during reverse travel. Thereby, even when the propeller 4 continues to rotate with inertial force when making an emergency stop, a propulsive force in the reverse direction can be obtained by the first blade 51 and the second blade 56 spread to the left and right, The braking distance can be shortened. The emergency stop of the ship 1 is performed by pressing an emergency stop button 64 provided on the controller 6 or by suddenly returning the first joystick 62 to the neutral position. Is called.

  As described above, according to the above-described embodiment, in the ship 1 in which the propulsive force in the reverse direction can be obtained by changing the direction of the plurality of rudders 5 attached to the rear of the propeller 4, the plurality of sheets The rudder 5 is connected to each of the rudder 5 in a radius of rotation of the propeller 4 so that the angle with respect to the traveling direction can be changed, and is flexibly connected to the rear end side of the first blade 51. The second blade 56 that can change the angle with respect to the first blade 51 and the rear end side of the first blade 51 toward the left and right outside rear when stopping from the forward travel time, Since the distal end side of the second blade 56 is bent so as to be directed to the left and right outer front, the fluid flow from the propeller 4 is directed to the left and right rear by the first blade 51 during an emergency stop. It is possible to flow Te, the second blade 56 from which it can flow towards the flow forward. As a result, it is possible to shorten the braking distance at the time of emergency stop by applying a propulsive force in the reverse direction.

  Further, at the time of stopping, the rear end side of the first blade 51 is directed to the left and right outer rear so as to be positioned outside the rotation radius of the propeller 4, and the front end side of the second blade 56 is outside the rotation radius of the propeller 4. Thus, since it is bent so as to be directed to the left and right outer front, the fluid from the propeller 4 flowing from the first blade 51 can flow smoothly forward.

  Furthermore, the tank 30 for storing the herbicide, the supply pipe 31 for supplying the exhaust pressure from the engine 40 that drives the propeller 4 to the tank 30, and the herbicide or fertilizer discharged by the exhaust pressure are sprayed. With the simple structure, the amount of spraying can be increased during high-speed traveling, and the amount of spraying can be reduced during an emergency stop.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It can implement in a various aspect.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the radio controlled boat used in the paddy field is given as an example of the ship 1, but it can be applied not only to the radio controlled boat but also to a ship that actually carries humans, luggage, vehicles, and the like. .

  Moreover, although the ship 1 which sprays a herbicide on a paddy field was demonstrated in the said embodiment, it can also apply when not spraying not only a herbicide but a fertilizer.

  Furthermore, although the above embodiment has described the configuration having the rudder 5 on the water surface, the same configuration can be applied to the case where the rudder is provided behind a propeller provided in water.

  In the above embodiment, the pair of left and right rudders 5 are controlled in the same direction or symmetrically. However, as shown in FIG. 7, only one rudder 5 can be propelled in the reverse direction. In addition, the other rudder 5 may be controlled so as to obtain a propulsive force in the forward direction. In this case, for the first blade 51 of one rudder 5, the angle θ is set in a range of 60 degrees to 80 degrees, and the rear end side of the second blade 56 connected thereto is directed forward. To do. On the other hand, with respect to the other rudder 5, the first blade 51 and the second blade 56 are arranged along the X-axis direction. In this way, a rotational moment can be generated in the ship 1 by the reverse propulsive force and the linear propulsive force, and the ship 1 can be rotated on the spot.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the control part 61 was provided in the controller 6 side of the radio control, you may make it provide in the hull 2 side.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Ship 2 ... Hull 3 ... Herbicide spreader 30 ... Tank 31 ... Supply pipe 32 ... Nozzle 4 ... Propeller 40 ... Engine 41 ... Blade 5 ... Rudder 51 ... First blade 52 ... First actuator 53 ... Plate piece 54 ... Connecting member 55 ... Hinge 56 ... Second blade 57 ... Second actuator 58 ... Plate piece 59 ... Connecting member 6 ... Controller 61 ... Control unit 62 ... First joystick 63 ... Second joystick 64 ... Button

Claims (3)

In a ship that can obtain a propulsive force in the reverse direction by changing the direction of a plurality of rudders attached to the back of the propeller,
A first blade that is located within the rotation radius of the propeller and is capable of changing an angle with respect to a traveling direction in each of the plurality of rudders;
A second blade that is bendably connected to the rear end side of the first blade and is capable of changing the angle with respect to the first blade;
When stopping the ship during forward traveling, each blade is configured such that the rear end side of the first blade is directed to the left and right outer rear sides and the front end side of the second blade is bent to be directed to the left and right outer front sides. A control unit for controlling
A ship characterized by comprising. The control unit is
When stopping the ship during forward traveling, the rear end side of the first blade is directed to the left and right outer rear so as to be positioned outside the rotation radius of the propeller, and the front end side of the second blade is set to the rotation radius of the propeller. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein the marine vessel is bent outward so as to be directed to the left and right outer front. In the ship according to claim 1,
A tank for storing herbicide or fertilizer;
A supply pipe for supplying exhaust pressure from an engine driving the propeller into the tank;
A nozzle for spraying the herbicide or fertilizer discharged by the exhaust pressure;
A ship characterized by comprising

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