JP2014110814A - Adam6マウス - Google Patents
Adam6マウス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014110814A JP2014110814A JP2014057616A JP2014057616A JP2014110814A JP 2014110814 A JP2014110814 A JP 2014110814A JP 2014057616 A JP2014057616 A JP 2014057616A JP 2014057616 A JP2014057616 A JP 2014057616A JP 2014110814 A JP2014110814 A JP 2014110814A
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Abstract
【解決手段】内因性ADAM6遺伝子座からのADAM6活性の低減もしくは欠失を含むマウス、またはマウスADAM6タンパク質をコードする内因性遺伝子座を欠いているマウスであって、雄マウスにおいて機能的であるADAM6またはそのオルソログもしくはホモログもしくは断片をコードする配列を含むマウスを提供する。1つの実施形態において、前記配列は、異所性ADAM6配列であるか、交配により子孫を産生する能力を雄マウスに付与する配列である。マウスADAM6またはその機能的断片もしくはホモログもしくはオルソログをコードする異所性ヌクレオチド配列を含む遺伝子改変免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座を有するマウスおよび細胞も提供する。
【選択図】なし
Description
1つの実施形態において、前記逆キメラマウス−ヒト抗体は、マウスまたはラット重鎖定常遺伝子と融合するヒト重鎖可変ドメイン、およびマウスまたはラットまたはヒト軽鎖定常遺伝子と融合するヒト軽鎖可変ドメインを含む。
本発明は、例えば以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
マウスであって、該マウスは、免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座の改変を含むゲノムを有し、該改変は、内因性ADAM6機能の低減または消去を含み、そして該マウスは、マウスADAM6タンパク質またはそのオルソログもしくはホモログまたは対応するADAM6タンパク質の機能的断片をコードする核酸配列をさらに含む、マウス。
(項目2)
前記核酸配列が、異所位置に位置する、項目1に記載のマウス。
(項目3)
前記核酸配列が、内因性免疫グロブリン遺伝子座にある、項目1または2に記載のマウス。
(項目4)
前記核酸配列が、前記マウスゲノムの内因性免疫グロブリン遺伝子座以外の位置に組み込まれている、項目1または2に記載のマウス。
(項目5)
前記免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座の前記改変が、1つ以上のヒト免疫グロブリン遺伝子配列の配置を含む、項目1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のマウス。
(項目6)
前記免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座の前記改変が、マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座内の1つ以上の配列の、1つ以上のヒト免疫グロブリン遺伝子配列での置換を含む、項目1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のマウス。
(項目7)
前記免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座の前記改変が、1つ以上の内因性重鎖V(VH)遺伝子セグメントの、1つ以上のヒト重鎖V(VH)遺伝子セグメントでの置換を含む、項目6に記載のマウス。
(項目8)
前記免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座の前記改変が、内因性重鎖可変遺伝子配列の、ヒト重鎖可変遺伝子配列での置換を含む、項目1に記載のマウス。
(項目9)
前記核酸配列が、マウスADAM6aタンパク質および/もしくはADAM6bタンパク質、またはそのオルソログ、ホモログもしくは機能的断片をコードする、項目1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のマウス。
(項目10)
マウスの免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座を改変するための方法であって、以下:
(a)雄マウスにおいて内因性マウスADAM6活性の低減または消去を結果としてもたらす、該マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座の第一の改変を行う工程;および
(b)雄マウスにおいて機能的であるADAM6活性を該マウスに付与する核酸配列を付加するための該マウスに対する第二の改変を行う工程
を含む方法。
(項目11)
前記工程(b)の核酸配列が異所位置に付加される、項目10に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記第一の改変が、1つ以上のヒト免疫グロブリン遺伝子配列の配置を含む、項目10または11に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記第一の改変が、前記マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座内の1つ以上の配列の、1つ以上のヒト免疫グロブリン遺伝子配列での置換を含む、項目10または11に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記第一の改変が、1つ以上の内因性VH遺伝子セグメントの、1つ以上のヒトVH遺伝子セグメントでの置換を含む、項目13に記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記第一の改変が、内因性重鎖可変遺伝子配列の、ヒト重鎖可変遺伝子配列での置換を含む、項目10に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記第一および前記第二の改変が同時に行われる、項目10〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目17)
項目10〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得ることができるマウス。
(項目18)
項目1〜9および17のいずれか一項に記載のマウスからの単離細胞。
(項目19)
項目1〜9および17のいずれか一項に記載のマウスからの単離組織。
(項目20)
ヒト−マウス逆キメラ抗体、完全ヒト抗体、完全ヒトFab断片および/または完全ヒトF(ab)2断片の産生のための、項目1〜9および17のいずれか一項に記載のマウスの使用。
(項目21)
抗原に対して特異的な逆キメラマウス−ヒト抗体を産生させるための方法であって、以下の工程:
a)項目1〜9および17のいずれか一項に記載のマウスを該抗原で免疫する工程;
b)該抗原に対して特異的な逆−キメラマウス−ヒト抗体を産生するマウスから少なくとも1つの細胞を単離する工程;および
c)工程b)の抗体を産生する少なくとも1つの細胞を培養し、そして該抗体を得る工程を含む方法。
(項目22)
工程c)における前記培養する工程が、工程b)において得た前記少なくとも1つの細胞から産生された少なくとも1つのハイブリドーマ細胞で行われる、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目23)
抗原に対して特異的な完全ヒト抗体を産生させるための方法であって、以下の工程:
a)項目1〜9および17のいずれか一項に記載のマウスを該抗原で免疫する工程;
b)該抗原に対して特異的な逆−キメラマウス−ヒト抗体を産生するマウスから少なくとも1つの細胞を単離する工程;
c)工程b)の該抗体に由来し、該抗原に対して特異な完全ヒト抗体を産生する少なくとも1つの細胞を産生させる工程;および
d)工程c)の抗体を産生する少なくとも1つの細胞を培養する工程、および該抗体を得る工程
を含む方法。
(項目24)
工程b)において得られる前記少なくとも1つの細胞が、脾細胞またはB細胞である、項目21および23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記抗体がモノクローナル抗体である、項目21〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目26)
工程a)の前記抗原での免疫が、タンパク質、DNA、DNAとタンパク質の組み合わせ、または前記抗原を発現する細胞で行われる、項目21〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目27)
内因性ADAM6機能を低減させるまたは消去する免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座の改変を含むゲノムを有するマウスの妊性を回復または向上させるための、マウスADAM6タンパク質またはそのオルソログもしくはホモログまたは対応するADAM6タンパク質の機能的断片をコードする核酸配列の使用。
(項目28)
前記核酸配列が、前記マウスの前記ゲノムの異所位置に組み込まれている、項目27に記載の使用。
(項目29)
前記核酸配列が、前記マウスの前記ゲノムの内因性免疫グロブリン遺伝子座に組み込まれている、項目27または28に記載の使用。
(項目30)
前記核酸配列が、前記マウスのゲノムの内因性免疫グロブリン遺伝子座以外の位置に組み込まれている、項目27または28に記載の使用。
models of classic and intermediate maple syrup urine disease、BMC Med Genet 7:33;Jamsaiら、2006、A humanized BAC transgenic/knockout mouse model for HbE/beta−thalassemia、Genomics 88(3):309−15;Panら、2006、Different role for mouse and human CD3delta/epsilon heterodimer in preT cell receptor(preTCR)function:human CD3delta/epsilon heterodimer restores the defective preTCR function in CD3gamma− and CD3gammadelta−deficient mice、Mol Immunol 43:1741−1750参照)。しかし、これらの努力は、サイズ制限によって妨げられた;従来のノックアウト技術は、大きなマウス遺伝子を該遺伝子の大きなヒトゲノムカウンターパートで直接置換するのに十分なものではなかった。該マウス遺伝子の同じまさにその遺伝子の場所で(すなわち内因性マウス遺伝子座で)ヒトカウンターパート遺伝子により内因性マウス遺伝子を直接置換する直接相同置換の直接的なアプローチは、技術的な難しさのため、滅多に試みられない。今まで、直接置換に対する努力は手の込んだ厄介な手順を必要とし、それ故、取り扱うことができる遺伝子材料の長さおよび操作することができる精度が限定された。
monoclonal antibody,in metastatic colorectal cancer、Clin Colorectal Cancer 6:29−31;Jakobovitsら、2007;Kimら、2007、Clinical efficacy of zanolimumab(HuMax−CD4):two Phase II studies in refractory cutaneous T−cell lymphoma、Blood 109(11):4655−62;Lonberg、2005、Human antibodies from transgenic animals、Nat Biotechnol 23:1117−1125;Makerら、2005、Tumor regression and autoimmunity in patients treated with cytotoxic
T lymphocyte−associated antigen 4 blockade and interleukin 2:a phase I/II study、Ann Surg Oncol 12:1005−1016;McClungら、2006、Denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density、New Engl J Med 354:821−831)。しかし、上で論じたように、これらのマウスは、野生型マウスと比較して、損なわれたB細胞発生および免疫不全を示す。かかる問題は、活発な体液性応答を維持するおよびしたがって一部の抗原に対する完全ヒト抗体を産生するマウスの能力を潜在的に制限する。前記不全は、(1)ヒト免疫グロブリン導入遺伝子のランダムな導入に起因する不十分な機能性、ならびに上流および下流制御要素の欠如に起因する結果としての不正確な発現(Garrettら、2005、Chromatin architecture near a potential 3’end of the
IgH locus involves modular regulation of histone modifications during B−Cell development and in vivo occupancy at CTCF sites、Mol Cell Biol 25:1511−1525;Manisら、2003、Elucidation of a downstream boundary of the 3’IgH regulatory region、Mol Immunol 39:753−760;Pawlitzkyら、2006、Identification of a candidate regulatory element within the 5’flanking region of the mouse IgH locus defined by pro−B cell−specific hypersensitivity associated with binding of PU.1, Pax5,and E2A、J Immunol 176:6839−6851);(2)B細胞の正常な成熟、増殖および生存に要求されるシグナル伝達過程を害し得る、ヒト定常ドメインと細胞表面のB細胞受容体シグナル伝達複合体のマウス要素の間の非効率的種間相互作用(Hombachら、1990、Molecular components of the B−cell antigen receptor complex of the IgM class、Nature 343:760−762);および(3)親和性選択(Raoら、2002、Differential expression of the inhibitory IgG Fc receptor FcgammaRIIB on germinal center cells: implications for selection of high−affinity B cells、J Immunol 169:1859−1868)および免疫グロブリン血清濃度(Brambellら、1964、A Theoretical Model of Gamma−Globulin Catabolism、Nature 203:1352−1354;Junghans and Anderson、1996、The protection receptor for
IgG catabolism is the beta2−microglobulin−containing neonatal intestinal transport receptor、PNAS USA 93:5512−5516;Raoら、2002;Hjelmら、2006、Antibody−mediated regulation of the immune response、Scand J Immunol 64:177−184;Nimmerjahn and Ravetch、2007、Fc−receptors as regulators of immunity、Adv Immunol 96:179−204)を低減させ得る、可溶性ヒト免疫グロブリンとマウスFc受容体の間の非効率的種間相互作用に起因し得る。これらの不全は、内因性重および軽鎖遺伝子座におけるその天然の場所の中のマウス免疫グロブリン遺伝子座の可変領域のみのin situヒト化によって修正することができる。これは、マウス定常領域の保持に基づきマウス環境で正常な相互作用および選択が可能であろう「逆キメラ」(すなわち、ヒトV:マウスC)抗体を作製するマウスを有効に生じさせる結果となるであろう。さらに、かかる逆キメラ抗体は、治療のために完全ヒト抗体に容易に再配列することができる。
すべてのマウス定常鎖遺伝子および遺伝子座転写制御領域を含むハイブリッド遺伝子座内の隣接マウス配列をインタクトなままおよび機能的なまま、マウス重および軽鎖免疫グロブリン遺伝子座(VH−DH−JHおよびVκ−Jκ)の6メガ塩基可変領域の、対応する1.4メガ塩基ヒトゲノム配列での正確な大規模in situ置換を行った(図1Aおよび図1B)。具体的には、VELOCIGENE(登録商標)遺伝子工学技術(例えば、米国特許第6,586,251号明細書およびValenzuelaら、2003、High−throughput engineering of the mouse
genome coupled with high−resolution expression analysis、Nat Biotechnol 21:652−659参照)を用いて、ヒトVH、DH、JH、VκおよびJκ遺伝子配列を、ヒト生殖細胞系可変遺伝子座のオーバーラップ断片を担持する13のキメラBACターゲティングベクターの段階的挿入により、マウスES細胞に導入した。
いずれかの機能的ADAM6タンパク質を発現する能力が無い雄マウスは、驚くべきことに、交配して子孫を産生する該マウスの能力の欠陥を示す。これらのマウスには、すべてのまたは実質的にすべてのマウス免疫グロブリン可変領域遺伝子セグメントをヒト可変領域遺伝子セグメントで置換することによって機能的ADAM6タンパク質を発現する能力が無い。ADAM6遺伝子座が、DH遺伝子セグメントの上流にあるVH遺伝子セグメント遺伝子座の3’端の近位の、前記内因性マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖可変領域遺伝子遺伝子座の領域内にあるため、このADAM6機能の喪失が生ずる結果となる。すべてのまたは実質的にすべての内因性マウス重鎖可変遺伝子セグメントの、ヒト重鎖可変遺伝子セグメントでの置換に関してホモ接合性であるマウスを交配させるために、それぞれが該置換に関してホモ接合性であり、生産的交配を待つ雄と雌を供給することは、一般に厄介なアプローチである。好結果の同腹子は、頻度が低く、サイズが小さい。その代り、前記置換に関してヘテロ接合性の雄を用いて、前記置換に関してホモ接合性の雌と交配させて、前記置換に対してヘテロ接合性の後代を産生し、その後、それらからホモ接合型マウスを繁殖させた。前記雄マウスの妊性の喪失についての可能性のある原因は、ホモ接合型雄マウスにおける機能的ADAM6タンパク質の不在であると本発明者らは決定した。
遺伝子ターゲティングの進展、例えば、細菌人工染色体(BAC)の開発により、今や、比較的大きいゲノム断片の組換えが可能である。BAC工学は、マウスES細胞に大きな欠失および大きな挿入を施すことをできるようにした。
マウス免疫グロブリン遺伝子のヒト化
ヒトおよびマウス細菌人工染色体(BAC)を使用して、マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖およびκ軽鎖遺伝子座のヒト化のための13の異なるBACターゲティングベクター(BACvec)を工学的に作製した。表1および2は、マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖およびκ軽鎖遺伝子座のヒト化にそれぞれ利用したすべてのBACvecを構築するために行った工程の説明を示すものである。
細菌相同組換えおよびライゲーションによるBACvecの構築。細菌相同組換え(BHR)を記載されている(Valenzuelaら、2003;Zhangら、1998、A new logic for DNA engineering using recombination in Escherichia coli、Nat Genet 20:123−128)とおりに行った。殆どの場合、PCR生成ホモロジーボックスのクローン化カセットへのライゲーション、続いてライゲーション産物のゲル単離、そして標的BACを保有するBHRコンピテント細菌へのエレクトロポレーションによって線状断片を生成した。適切な抗生物質ペトリ皿での選択の後、正しく組換えられたBACを、両方の新規接合部にわたってのPCR、続いてパルスフィールドゲルでの制限酵素分析(Schwartz and Cantor、1984、Separation of
yeast chromosome−sized DNAs by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis、Cell 37:67−75)、そしてヒト配列全域にわたって分布するプライマーを使用するPCRによるスポットチェックによって同定した。
mice fully derived from gene−targeted embryonic stem cells allowing immediate phenotypic analyses、Nat Biotechnol 25:91−99)のいずれかによる改変ES細胞からのマウスの誘導は、記載されているとおりであった。PCRベースのアッセイでプローブとプライマーのユニークなセットを用いてES細胞またはマウスからのDNAをスクリーニグすることにより、標的ES細胞およびマウスを確認した(例えば、図3A、3Bおよび3C)。すべてのマウス研究は、Regeneronの施設内動物管理使用委員会(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee:IACUC)によって監督され、承認された。
核型分析および蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーション(FISH)。核型分析は、Coriell Cell Repositories(Coriell Institute for Medical Research、ニュージャージー州カムデン)によって行われた。FISHは、標的ES細胞を用いて、記載されている(Valenzuelaら、2003)とおりに行った。マウスBAC DNAまたはヒトBAC DNAのいずれかに対応するプローブを、ニック翻訳(Invitrogen)により蛍光標識dUTPヌクレオチドスペクトルオレンジまたはスペクトルグリーン(Vysis)で標識した。
J 2:1373−1378)、その後にアイソタイプスイッチ中の組換えに必要な単純リピート領域(Kataokaら、1980、Rearrangement of immunoglobulin gamma 1−chain gene and mechanism for heavy−chain class switch、PNAS
USA 77:919−923)を含有する。マウス内でのヒト化重鎖遺伝子座の効率的発現およびクラススイッチ両方を保存するために、マウス重鎖イントロンエンハンサーおよびスイッチドメインを維持するようにヒトVH−DH−JH領域とマウスCH領域の間の接合部(近位接合部)を選択した。合成オリゴヌクレオチドによって駆動される細菌相同組換えを用いるVELOCIGENE(登録商標)遺伝子工学法(上記)の使用により、すべての置換においてこのおよび後続の接合部の正確なヌクレオチド位置が実現可能であった。このようにして、近位接合部を最後のJH遺伝子セグメントから約200bp下流に配置し、遠位接合部を、ヒト遺伝子座の最も5’側のVH遺伝子セグメントの数百上流、かつJ558.55としても公知のマウスVH1−86遺伝子セグメントから約9kb下流に配置した。前記マウスVH1−86(J558.55)遺伝子セグメントは最遠位重鎖可変遺伝子セグメントであり、このセグメントは、C57BL/6マウスでは偽遺伝子であるが、標的129対立遺伝子において不十分なRSS配列であるにもかかわらず潜在的に活性であると報告されている。前記マウス重鎖遺伝子座の遠位端は、報告によれば、遺伝子座発現および/または再構成を調節する制御要素を含有し得る(Pawlitzkyら、2006)。
cycling mutagenesis、Nat Biotechnol 16:657−662)によって除去した。工程D、EおよびGについてのBACvecのヒト配列は、2つの親ヒトBAC各々に由来したが、工程FおよびHからのヒト配列は、単一のBACからのものであった。挿入ヒト配列にわたって複数のプローブを使用して、ヒト配列の保持を工程ごとに確認した(上記したとおり、例えば図3A、3Bおよび3C)。各工程で、正常な核型および生殖細胞系の潜在力を有するクローンのみを次の工程に進めた。最後の工程からのES細胞は、9種の逐次的操作(表3)の後、依然として生殖細胞系に寄与することができた。重鎖対立遺伝子の各々についてホモ接合性のマウスは、生育可能であり、健常であるように見え、および本質的に野生型の体液性免疫系を実証した(実施例3参照)。
of two copies that are organized in opposite polarity、Genomics 16:503−511)。これらのリピートは非常に類似しているので、近位リピートを使用することによりマウスにおいてほぼすべての遺伝子座多様性を再現することができる。さらに、遠位リピートを欠くκ軽鎖遺伝子座の天然ヒト対立遺伝子が報告されている(Schaibleら、1993、The immunoglobulin kappa locus: polymorphism and haplotypes of Caucasoid and non−Caucasoid individuals、Hum Genet 91:261−267)。本発明者らは、約3Mbのマウスκ軽鎖可変遺伝子配列を約0.5Mbのヒトκ軽鎖可変遺伝子配列で置換して、すべてのマウスVκおよびJκ遺伝子セグメントを近位ヒトVκおよびすべてのヒトJκ遺伝子セグメントで有効に置換した(図2Cおよび2D;表2および4)。重鎖遺伝子座について実施例1において記載する方法とは対照的に、任意のヒト配列を付加する前に3工程のプロセスですべてのVκおよびJκ遺伝子セグメントを含有する全マウスVκ遺伝子領域を欠失させた。最初、neoカセットを可変領域の近位端に導入した(工程A、図2C)。次に、hygカセットをκ遺伝子座の遠位端に挿入した(工程B、図2C)。残存する3MbのマウスVκ領域と共に両方の耐性遺伝子の欠失がCRE処理により誘導されるように、リコンビナーゼ認識部位(例えば、loxP)を各選択カセットの中に再び置いた(工程C、図2C)。
複数のヒト化免疫グロブリン対立遺伝子の組み合わせによる完全ヒト化マウスの産生
幾つかの箇所に、実施例1に記載したようなヒト免疫グロブリン重鎖またはκ軽鎖可変レパートリーの一部分を保有するES細胞を微量注射し、得られたマウスを交配させて、ヒト生殖細胞系免疫グロブリンレパートリーの徐々に大きな断片(fraction)を有するVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスの複数のバージョンを生み出した(表5;図5Aおよび5B)。VELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)1(V1)マウスは、18のヒトVH遺伝子セグメントおよびすべてのヒトDHおよびJH遺伝子セグメントを、16のヒトVκ遺伝子セグメントおよびすべてのヒトκ遺伝子セグメントと併せて有する。VELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)2(V2)およびVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)(V3)マウスは、合計39のVHおよび30のVκおよび80のVHおよび40のVκをそれぞれ保有する増加した可変レパートリーを有する。マウスVH、DHおよびJH遺伝子セグメント、ならびにVκおよびJκ遺伝子セグメントをコードするゲノム領域は完全に置換されたていたので、すべてのバージョンのVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスにより産生される抗体が、マウス定常領域に連結されたヒト可変領域を含有する。マウスλ軽鎖遺伝子座は、VELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスの様々な実施形態においてインタクトなままであり、様々なVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)κ軽鎖遺伝子座の発現効率についてのコンパレータとして役立つ。
ヒト化免疫グロブリン遺伝子を有するマウスにおけるリンパ球集団
3つの異なるバージョンのVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスにおける成熟B細胞集団をフローサイトメトリーによって評価した。
対立遺伝子排除を維持する能力を、異なるバージョンのヒト化免疫グロブリン重鎖遺伝子座についてヘテロ接合性のマウスで調査した。
in transgenic mice:gene−segment use in mu and gamma transcripts、PNAS USA 90:3720−3724)。これは、さらに、VELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスによって産生される免疫グロブリンが、「ノックアウト・プラス・トランスジェニック」アプローチによって作製されるマウスにおけるランダムに組み込まれた導入遺伝子によって産生されるものとは機能的に異なることの証拠となる。
ヒト化免疫グロブリンマウスにおける可変遺伝子レパートリー
脾細胞およびハイブリドーマ細胞を含む複数の源からのヒト可変領域の逆転写酵素・ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(RT−PCR)により、VELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスのヒト化抗体レパートリーにおけるヒト可変遺伝子セグメントの使用量を分析した。可変領域配列、遺伝子セグメント使用量、体細胞超変異、および再構成可変領域遺伝子セグメントの接合部多様性を決定した。
リンパ系構造および血清アイソタイプの分析
H&Eで染色した野生型またはVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスからの組織試料の脾臓、鼠蹊リンパ節、バイエル板および胸腺の全体構造を光学顕微鏡法によって調査した。野生型およびVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスから採集した血清中の免疫グロブリンアイソタイプのレベルを、LUMINEX(商標)技術を用いて分析した。
ヒト化免疫グロブリンマウスにおける免疫および抗体産生
異なるバージョンのVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスを抗原で免疫して、外来抗原攻撃に対する体液性応答を調査した。
Inc.)をそれぞれ使用して結合IgGを検出する。ビオチン標識抗体については、プレート洗浄後、HRP結合体化ストレプトアビジン(Pierce、イリノイ州ロックフォード)を添加する。BD OPTEIA(商標)(BD Biosciences Pharmingen、カリフォルニア州サンディエゴ)などの比色基質を使用してすべてのプレートを顕色させる。1Mリン酸で反応を停止させた後、450nmでの光吸収を記録し、Graph PadからのPRISM(商標)ソフトウェアを使用してデータを分析する。バックグラウンドシグナルの2倍のシグナルを得るために必要な希釈度を力価と定義する。
マウスADAM6ターゲティングベクターの構築
マウス免疫グロブリン重鎖可変遺伝子遺伝子座の、ヒト免疫グロブリン重鎖可変遺伝子遺伝子座での置換のため、初期バージョンのVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスにはマウスADAM6遺伝子の発現が無い。特に、雄VELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスは、妊性の低減を明らかに示す。それ故、妊性の欠陥をレスキューするために、ADAM6を発現する能力をVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスに再設計した。
Genetics 25:139−140参照)と交配させて、例えばES細胞期でまたは胚で除去されないターゲティングベクターによって導入された一切のFrt’edハイグロマイシンカットを除去した。必要に応じて、ハイグロマイシンカセットをマウス内に保持した。
ADAM6レスキューマウスの特徴づけ
フローサイトメトリー。ヒト重およびヒトκ軽鎖可変遺伝子遺伝子座についてホモ接合性(H+/+κ+/+)の25週齢の3匹のマウスと、ヒト重鎖遺伝子座の両方の対立遺伝子内にマウスADAM6aおよびADAM6b遺伝子をコードする異所性マウスゲノム断片を有するヒト重およびヒトκ軽鎖についてホモ接合性(H+/+A6resκ+/+)の18〜20週齢の3匹のマウスを、BD LSR II System(BD Bioscience)でのFACsによるリンパ球細胞集団の同定および分析のために屠殺した。リンパ球を特定の細胞系列についてゲートし、B細胞発生の様々な段階を経る発達について分析した。動物から採集した組織としては、血液、脾臓および骨髄が挙げられる。EDTAが入っているBDマイクロテイナーチューブ(BD Biosciences)に血液を採集した。ウシ胎仔血清とピルビン酸ナトリウムとHEPESと2−メルカプトエタノールと非必須アミノ酸とゲンタマイシンとを補充した完全RPMI培地でフラッシュすることにより大腿骨から骨髄を採集した。血液、脾臓および骨髄調製物からの赤血球を塩化アンモニウム系溶解緩衝液(例えば、ACK溶解緩衝液)で溶解し、その後、完全RPMI培地で洗浄した。
ADAM6レスキューマウスにおけるヒト重鎖可変遺伝子使用
TAQMAN(商標)プローブを使用する定量的PCRアッセイ(上記のとおり)によりマウスADAM6aおよびADAM6b遺伝子を欠いている(H+/+κ+/+)か、マウスADAM6aおよびADAM6b遺伝子をコードする異所性ゲノム断片を含有する(H+/+A6resκ+/+)かのいずれかの、ヒト重およびκ軽鎖可変遺伝子遺伝子座についてホモ接合性のマウスについて、選択ヒト重鎖可変遺伝子使用量を決定した。
ADAM6レスキューマウスにおける体液性免疫応答
マウスADAM6aおよびADAM6b遺伝子を欠いている(H+/+κ+/+)か、マウスADAM6aおよびADAM6b遺伝子をコードする異所性ゲノム断片を含有する(H+/+A6resκ+/+)かのいずれかの、ヒト重およびκ軽鎖可変遺伝子遺伝子座についてホモ接合性のマウスについて、多価抗原免疫スキーム、続いて抗体単離および特徴づけにより、体液性免疫応答を決定した。結果を、ヒト免疫グロブリン遺伝子セグメントを含むV(D)J組換えに対する任意の作用の決定、血清力価の推移、ハイブリドーマによる抗体の産生および抗原に対する親和性の評価のために比較した。
抗原結合親和性の決定
抗原Bへの特異的結合を示す抗体の結合親和性を、リアルタイム表面プラズモン共鳴バイオセンサー(BIAcore 2000)を使用してスクリーニングした。抗原Bで免疫した2系統のマウス(H+/+κ+/+およびH+/+A6resκ+/+)から単離したハイブリドーマからの順化培地をBIAcoreスクリーニング中に使用した。BIAcoreセンサー表面を、先ず、ポリクローナルウサギ抗マウス抗体(GE)で誘導体化して、順化培地から抗抗原B抗体を捕捉した。全スクリーニング法の間、HBST(0.01M HEPES pH7.4、0.15M NaCl、3mM EDTA、0.005% v/v Surfactant P20)をランニング緩衝液として使用した。抗原BのFab断片を50μL/分の流量で、100nM濃度で、抗抗原B抗体捕捉表面にわたって注入した。HBSTランニング緩衝液中で、抗体−抗原会合を3分間モニターし、そして一方、捕捉された抗体からの抗原の解離を5分間モニターした。この実験を25℃で行った。Scrubber 2.0曲線フィッティングソフトウェアを使用する1:1結合モデルへの、データの処理およびフィッティングによって、会合(ka)および解離(kd)反応速度定数を決定した。結合解離平衡定数(KD)および解離半減期(T1/2)をその反応速度定数から次のように算定した:KD(M)=kd/ka;およびT1/2(分)=(ln2/(60*kd)。選択抗抗原B抗体の結果を表12に示す。
4000)アッセイを用いて決定した。このアッセイで使用したすべてのハイブリドーマクローンは、H+/+A6resκ+/+マウスにおいて産生された。
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- 本願明細書に記載された発明。
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