JP2014020567A - Sunlight heat collecting device and angle deviation amount calculation method of sunlight heat collecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve sunlight heat collection with high efficiency by a plurality of heat collecting devices which are connected and synchronously controlled.SOLUTION: A sunlight heat collecting device 10 in which a plurality of heat collecting devices 11 are connected performs a step-like orbit detection test in which a collector is stopped at a constant angle at every predetermined time. By acquiring time when the heat collection amount of each of the heat collecting devices 11 becomes a maximum value at the predetermined time, and a collector angle of the heat collecting devices 11 at that time, an orbit facing the sun is detected. A control device 60 calculates an angle deviation amount of each of the heat collecting devices 11 by the difference between the collector angle at the time when the heat collection amount of a reference heat collecting device 11 becomes a maximum value, and the collector angle at the time when the heat collection amount of each of the heat collecting devices 11 other than that becomes a maximum value, and controls a synchronizer 50 so as to correct the collector angle of each of the heat collecting devices 11 on the basis of the calculated angle deviation amount.

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar heat collecting apparatus that collects sunlight and converts it into heat energy via a heat medium.

In recent years, abnormal weather on a global scale, which is thought to be caused by global warming, has become a problem. Therefore, new energy with less environmental impact that is friendly to the earth has attracted attention, instead of petroleum, which has a greater environmental impact. Among them, sunlight is particularly used.
A clean energy system using sunlight includes a method of converting sunlight into electric energy by a solar cell and a method of collecting sunlight and converting it into heat energy.

  The problem of Patent Document 1 is described as “providing a solar power generation system using a solar cell in which light / electric conversion efficiency is improved by reducing reflection loss of sunlight”. The solution means “a holder 12 and a sheet-like first solar cell 11 that is held by the holder 12 and forms a partially absorbing / reflecting surface with respect to incident sunlight, and in the longitudinal direction. A two-dimensional reflecting mirror 10 having an extended focal line and a mirror axis surface, and solar tracking for directing the optical axis surface to the sun by detecting the direction of the sun and controlling the attitude of the two-dimensional reflecting mirror 10 A unit, a thermally conductive tube 20 extending along the focal line of the two-dimensional reflector 10, and a second solar cell 21 held on the outer surface of the tube with the light receiving surface facing upward, A cooling / heating unit that circulates a fluid inside the pipe 20 and supplies the obtained heat to the outside. "

  Moreover, there is a trough-type solar heat collecting apparatus as one of the methods for collecting sunlight and converting it into heat energy. The trough type uses a rain gutter-shaped curved mirror to concentrate sunlight on the pipe installed in front of the curved mirror and heat the heat medium (water, oil, etc.) flowing through the pipe to heat energy. It is a method to convert to.

JP 2010-003999 A

In the trough-type solar heat collecting apparatus, in order to collect solar light with high efficiency, it is necessary to control the rotation of the collector (curved mirror) with high accuracy according to the position of the sun.
Furthermore, when a plurality of heat collecting devices are connected and controlled synchronously, there is a possibility that collector angle deviation of each heat collecting device may occur. As a result, even if only one heat collecting device is rotationally controlled with high accuracy to obtain high heat collecting efficiency, there is a possibility that the heat collecting efficiency may be lowered as a whole due to an error in rotation control of other heat collecting devices.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a solar heat collecting apparatus and a method for calculating the amount of angular deviation of the solar heat collecting apparatus that can efficiently collect sunlight with a plurality of heat collecting apparatuses that are connected and controlled synchronously. The task is to do.

In order to achieve the above object, in the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention, a plurality of receivers that absorb sunlight and convert it into heat, and a plurality of collectors that reflect sunlight and collect it on the receiver are provided. A heat collecting device, a synchronizing device that drives each collector of the plurality of heat collecting devices synchronously, a position detector that detects a rotation angle of the collector, and measures the heat collecting efficiency of each of the plurality of heat collecting devices A heat collection efficiency measuring unit that performs an orbit detection test unit that performs a detection test of the orbit where the collector faces the sun, and an angle that calculates an angle shift amount of each collector of the plurality of heat collection devices with respect to a collector of a reference heat collection device A solar heat collecting apparatus comprising a deviation amount calculating section and a correction parameter calculating section that calculates a correction parameter that maximizes the heat collecting efficiency of the reference heat collecting apparatus.
Other means will be described in the embodiment for carrying out the invention.

  According to the present invention, a solar heat collecting apparatus and a method for calculating an angle shift amount of the solar heat collecting apparatus that can efficiently collect sunlight with a plurality of heat collecting apparatuses that are connected and controlled synchronously are provided. can do.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the solar heat collecting device in 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the heat collecting apparatus in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the track | orbit at the time of the track | orbit detection test in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the change of the receiver heat collecting amount accompanying the movement of the sun. It is a figure which shows the track | orbit of a curved mirror facing the sun, and the amount of receiver heat collection. It is a figure which shows the angle shift amount calculation method of the heat collecting device in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the error factor to the solar tracking accuracy of a heat collecting device. It is a flowchart which shows the correction process of the error factor in 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the angle shift amount calculation process in 1st Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Configuration of the first embodiment)

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a solar heat collecting apparatus in the first embodiment.
The solar heat collecting apparatus 10 includes a plurality of heat collecting apparatuses 11-1 to 11-9, a flow meter 15, and a pump 16. The solar heat collecting apparatus 10 is annularly connected to the air conditioning system 100 via a heat medium path 17. Yes. Furthermore, the solar heat collecting apparatus 10 includes a thermometer 12-1 to 12-12, a position detector 13 that detects the rotational position of the collector 20 (FIG. 2) that is a light collecting unit, a solarimeter 14, and a synchronization device. 50, a control device 60, an arithmetic device 70, and a display unit 74.
The solar heat collecting apparatus 10 supplies the heat energy of the heat medium collected by the heat collecting apparatuses 11-1 to 11-9 to the air conditioning system 100.

The control device 60 includes a drive control unit 61, a heat collection efficiency measurement unit 62, a trajectory detection test unit 63, a correction parameter calculation unit 64, and a storage unit 65. The storage unit 65 stores a sun position table 66 and measurement data 67. The control device 60 is connected to the thermometers 12-1 to 12-12, the position detector 13, the pyranometer 14, the flow meter 15, the synchronization device 50, and the arithmetic device 70.
The arithmetic device 70 includes an angle deviation amount calculation unit 71 and a storage unit 72, and is connected to the display unit 74 and the control device 60. The storage unit 72 stores angle deviation amount data 73.

  The heat collectors 11-1 to 11-3 are configured to rotate in synchronism with three in one row. The heat collectors 11-4 to 11-6 and the heat collectors 11-7 to 11-9 are configured in the same manner as the heat collectors 11-1 to 11-3. Hereinafter, when the heat collectors 11-1 to 11-9 are not particularly distinguished, they are simply referred to as the heat collector 11. These heat collectors 11 are connected in series by a heat medium path 17. In addition, in this embodiment, although it has three rows | line | columns, the structure which makes the three heat collecting apparatuses 11 1 row | line | column has no restriction | limiting in the number per row | line | column and the number of rows to install.

A thermometer 12-1 is installed on the heat medium inlet side of the heat collector 11-1. A thermometer 12-2 is installed on the heat medium outlet side of the heat collector 11-1 and on the heat medium inlet side of the heat collector 11-2. A thermometer 12-3 is installed on the heat medium outlet side of the heat collector 11-2 and on the heat medium inlet side of the heat collector 11-3. A thermometer 12-4 is installed on the heat medium outlet side of the heat collector 11-3. The thermometer 12-1 is an inlet-side thermometer that measures the inlet temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heat collector 11-1. The thermometer 12-2 is an outlet-side thermometer that measures the outlet temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heat collector 11-1, and measures the inlet temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heat collector 11-2. It is an inlet side thermometer. The thermometer 12-3 is an outlet-side thermometer that measures the outlet temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heat collector 11-2, and measures the inlet temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heat collector 11-3. It is an inlet side thermometer. The thermometer 12-4 is an outlet-side thermometer that measures the outlet temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heat collector 11-3.
Hereinafter, the thermometers 12-5 to 12-8 and the thermometers 12-9 to 12-12 are installed in the same manner as the thermometers 12-1 to 12-4. Hereinafter, when the thermometers 12-1 to 12-12 are not particularly distinguished, they may be simply described as the thermometer 12.
In addition, if the thermometer 12 is each installed in the heat-medium entrance / exit of each heat collecting apparatus 11 like this embodiment, it will become possible to measure an exact amount of heat collection, and an accurate automatic solar tracking will be attained. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the thermometer 12 may be installed only at the heat medium inlet / outlet of the heat collecting device 11 in units of plural units, respectively, and only at the heat medium inlet / outlet of each row of the heat collecting device 11 respectively. A thermometer 12 may be installed.

The flow meter 15 measures the flow rate F of water that is a heat medium flowing through the heat medium path 17. The flow meter 15 outputs data of the measured flow rate F to the heat collection efficiency measurement unit 62 of the control device 60.
The pump 16 delivers the heat medium flowing through the heat medium path 17 in the direction of the arrow.
The heat medium passage 17 is a passage through which the heat medium is circulated by connecting the pump 16, the flow meter 15, each heat collecting device 11, and the air conditioning system 100 in an annular shape.

The position detector 13 is installed in the heat collector 11-1, measures the collector angle Θ, which is the rotation angle of the collector 20 of the heat collector 11-1, and outputs it to the drive controller 61 of the controller 60. To do.
The solar radiation meter 14 measures the amount of direct solar radiation per unit area of the place where the solar heat collecting apparatus 10 is installed, and outputs the amount of solar radiation data to the heat collecting efficiency measuring unit 62 of the control device 60.

  The synchronizer 50 rotates the collector 20 (FIG. 2), which will be described later, in conjunction with the heat collectors 11-1 to 11-3, and interlocks the collector 20 (FIG. 2) of the heat collectors 11-4 to 11-6. The collector 20 (FIG. 2) of the heat collecting devices 11-7 to 11-9 is rotated in conjunction with the rotation. Further, the synchronization device 50 has a function of adjusting the relative angle between the heat collecting devices 11.

The drive control unit 61 of the control device 60 is connected to the position detector 13, the first output side is connected to the synchronization device 50, and the second output side is connected to the heat collection efficiency measurement unit 62.
The drive control unit 61 rotates the collector 20 (FIG. 2) of each heat collecting device 11 by the synchronization device 50, and the collector angle Θ measured by the position detector 13 coincides with the target collector angle Θt that is a trajectory calculation value. By determining whether or not, the collector 20 (FIG. 2) of each heat collecting device 11 is rotated to the target collector angle Θt that is the calculated trajectory value. Further, the drive control unit 61 has a function of instructing the synchronization device 50 to adjust the relative angle of the collector 20 (FIG. 2) between the heat collecting devices 11.
The heat collection efficiency measurement unit 62 has a function of measuring the heat collection amount of the receiver 30 (FIG. 2) and the heat energy of the sunlight L, and calculating the heat collection efficiency of each heat collection device 11 based on these. . Furthermore, the heat collection efficiency measurement unit 62 corrects the heat collection efficiency of the heat collection device 11 by the solarimeter 14 that measures the amount of direct solar radiation of sunlight.
Specifically, the heat collection efficiency measurement unit 62 calculates the heat collection amount of each heat collection device 11 (receiver 30) based on the measurement results of the thermometers 12-1 to 12-12 and the flow meter 15. The heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 calculates the thermal energy of the sunlight L irradiated to the curved mirror 21 based on the thermal energy of the sunlight L measured by the pyranometer 14 and the projected area of the curved mirror 21. Furthermore, the heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 calculates the heat collection efficiency by dividing this amount of heat collection by the thermal energy of the sunlight L applied to the curved mirror 21.

The trajectory detection test unit 63 performs a trajectory detection test in which the collector 20 of each heat collecting device 11 is intermittently driven by the drive control unit 61 to advance from the trajectory facing the sun and to be stationary for a predetermined period. is there. In the predetermined period, the heat collection efficiency measurement unit 62 measures measurement data 67 including the amount of heat collection and the heat collection efficiency.
The correction parameter calculation unit 64 cancels the error and correctly faces the sun when the collector 20 of the reference heat collecting device 11-1 is rotated to face the sun based on the solar position table 66. Each correction parameter is calculated. The correction parameter calculation unit 64 calculates each correction parameter based on the measurement data 67 measured in the trajectory detection test.

The storage unit 65 is, for example, a hard disk or a flash memory, and records various data related to the control of the solar heat collecting apparatus 10.
The sun position table 66 is information indicating the relationship between the date and time and the sun position at the installation position (latitude and longitude) of the solar heat collecting apparatus 10.
The measurement data 67 is data measured by the heat collection efficiency measurement unit 62, and includes the amount of heat collection and the heat collection efficiency at each time.

  The angle shift amount calculation unit 71 of the calculation device 70 calculates the angle shift amount of each collector 20 of each heat collector 11 with respect to the collector 20 of the reference heat collector 11. The angle shift amount calculation unit 71 calculates the reference heat collection by the difference between the collector angle at the time when the heat collection efficiency of the reference heat collector 11 is maximum and the collector angle at the time when the heat collection efficiency of each heat collection device is maximum. The amount of angular deviation between the collector 20 of the apparatus and the collector 20 of each heat collecting apparatus is calculated. The calculated angle deviation amount is stored in the angle deviation amount data 73 of the storage unit 72 and is output to the display unit 74 and the control device 60.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating the heat collecting apparatus according to the first embodiment.
The heat collector 11-1 is one unit of the trough solar heat collector 10. The heat collector 11-1 is rotatable to two struts 40 (40-1 and 40-2) provided at both ends in the north-south direction and the longitudinal direction, and these struts 40 (40-1 and 40-2). And a receiver 30 supported on the upper portion of the collector 20.
In the first embodiment, the north-south direction is the longitudinal direction, and the east-west direction is the short direction.

The collector 20 includes a curved mirror 21, five support frames 22 (one on the near side shown in FIG. 1) that are support members that support the curved mirror 21, and the longitudinal direction of the support frame 22. It has three support bars 23 arranged at both ends and the central part. Holding legs 31 are fixed to the three support bars 23, respectively, and hold the receiver 30. The collector 20 reflects sunlight and collects it on the receiver 30.
The position detector 13 is a rotary encoder, for example, and has a function of measuring the collector angle Θ of the collector 20. The control device 60 (FIG. 1) rotates the collector 20 until the collector angle Θ measured by the position detector 13 by the synchronization device 50 (FIG. 1) reaches the target collector angle Θt that is a trajectory calculation value. In addition, the heat collecting apparatuses 11-2 to 11-9 of this embodiment do not have this position detector 13.

The collector 20 is rotated by the control device 60 (FIG. 1), the synchronization device 50 (FIG. 1), and the position detector 13 so as to face the sun. The state in which the collector 20 faces the sun is a state in which sunlight L is reflected by the curved mirror 21 provided on the collector 20 and condensed with the receiver 30 as a focal point. Thereby, the sunlight L is converted into the heat quantity of the heat medium inside the receiver 30. Hereinafter, the conversion of the sunlight L into the heat quantity of the heat medium may be described as “collecting heat”.
The curved mirror 21 is, for example, a reflection panel having a concave cross section in the lateral direction, and is a condensing unit that collects sunlight L on the receiver 30. The concave cross section of the curved mirror 21 has a curvature shape suitable for condensing, and forms, for example, a paraboloid.

  The receiver 30 is a cylindrical heat collecting part that absorbs sunlight L and converts it into heat, and has water as a heat medium therein. The receiver 30 is connected to the heat medium path 17 (FIG. 1) on the outlet side and the inlet side, and is connected to the air conditioning system 100 (FIG. 1) via the heat medium path 17 (FIG. 1).

  Water, which is a heat medium, is sent and circulated by the pump 16 (FIG. 1), and is heated by sunlight L in the receiver 30 to become hot water or steam. The heat medium that has become hot water or water vapor is guided to the air conditioning system 100 (FIG. 1) by the heat medium path 17 (FIG. 1) and used as a heat source. Hot water or water vapor is used as a heat source to release heat and become water again. The heat medium that has become water is sent and circulated by the pump 16 (FIG. 1), and returns to the receiver 30 again.

<< Operation during operation of the heat collector 11 >>
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the operation of the heat collector 11 during operation will be described.
In the operating state of the heat collector 11, the pump 16 feeds water as a heat medium, and the water as the heat medium circulates in the heat medium path 17 in the clockwise direction.
The control device 60 predicts and calculates the position of the sun based on the date and installation location (longitude and latitude), and calculates a target collector angle Θt that is a trajectory calculation value. The control device 60 measures the collector angle Θ of the collector 20 by the position detector 13 and rotates the collector 20 by the synchronization device 50 until the measured collector angle Θ reaches the target collector angle Θt.
The control device 60 predicts the position of the sun and instructs the synchronization device 50 to rotate, and the synchronization device 50 rotates the collector 20 so as to face the sun. The heat collector 11 reflects the sunlight L by the curved mirror 21 of the collector 20 and condenses the receiver 30 as a focal point. The receiver 30 absorbs sunlight L and converts it into heat of the heat medium.
The heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 measures the flow rate F of the operating heat medium with the flow meter 15. The heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 measures the temperature Tin of the heat medium on the inlet side with the thermometer 12 installed on the inlet side of the receiver 30, and measures the temperature Tout of the heat medium with the thermometer 12 installed on the outlet side of the receiver 30. Then, the temperature difference (Tout−Tin) of the heat medium at the entrance / exit is calculated. The product of the heat medium temperature difference (Tout−Tin), the specific heat α of the heat medium, and the flow rate F is the heat collection amount of each heat collection device 11.

Further, the heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 measures the amount of direct solar radiation (kW / m ² ) per unit area by the solar radiation meter 14. The heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 converts the amount of heat per unit area (kW) from the amount of direct solar radiation measured by the solar radiation meter 14 and multiplies it by the area of the curved mirror 21, and the amount of heat of the sunlight L applied to the curved mirror 21 Ask for. Furthermore, the heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 obtains the ratio of the heat collection amount of the heat collection apparatus 11 to the heat amount of the sunlight L irradiated to the curved mirror 21, and sets this as the heat collection efficiency.
At this time, even when the control device 60 controls each collector 20 so that the measured collector angle Θ matches the target collector angle Θt which is a theoretical trajectory calculation value, the maximum value of the heat collection efficiency cannot be obtained. There is. The reason for this is a calculation error when calculating the target collector angle Θt, an error in the dimensions of components constituting the heat collector 11, an error in the installation position of the heat collector 11, a detection error in the position detector 13, and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the difference between the collector angle Θmax that maximizes the light collection efficiency and the target collector angle Θt that is a theoretical trajectory calculation value. In particular, the installation error of the heat collecting apparatus 11 is an important error factor.

  In the present embodiment, a plurality of heat collecting devices 11 are connected, and the collectors 20 of the three heat collecting devices 11 in a row are rotated by one rotating shaft. There is a possibility that an angle shift may occur due to a twist of the collector 20 or the like. Furthermore, since the three rows of heat collecting devices 11 are rotated in synchronization by the single synchronizing device 50, there is a possibility that an angle shift occurs for each heat collecting device 11 of each row. Thus, in order to operate | move and connect the several heat collecting apparatus 11, and to obtain optimal heat collecting efficiency, you have to correct | amend the angle gap between the collectors 20 of each stand.

(Operation of the first embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a trajectory during the trajectory detection test. The horizontal axis in the figure indicates time. The vertical axis in the figure indicates the collector angle.
The solid line indicates the rotation angle setting value of the collector 20 in the orbit detection test. The broken line indicates the rotation angle at which the curved mirror 21 of the collector 20 actually faces the sun at each time. Hereinafter, this may be described as “orbit with 0 ° error”.
In the trajectory detection test, the trajectory detection test unit 63 drives the collector 20 to intermittently rotate at a predetermined rotation angle setting value once every predetermined period (for example, 20 minutes to 30 minutes). It is kept stationary until the cycle.
The orbit detection test unit 63 calculates and drives the curved mirror 21 of the collector 20 so as to face the sun at a time that is a half of a predetermined period after the time when the collector 20 is rotationally driven. .

  FIGS. 4A to 4E are diagrams illustrating examples of changes in the amount of heat collected by the receiver as the sun moves.

  FIG. 4A shows the state of the heat collector 11 at time A. FIG. The heat collector 11 reflects the sunlight L with the curved mirror 21 and collects it at a location away from the receiver 30.

  FIG. 4B shows the state of the heat collector 11 at time B. The heat collector 11 reflects the sunlight L by the curved mirror 21 and collects it on the receiver 30.

  FIG. 4C shows the state of the heat collector 11 at time C. The heat collector 11 reflects the sunlight L with the curved mirror 21 and collects it at a location away from the receiver 30.

  FIG. 4D is a diagram showing the angle of the collector 20 during a partial period of the trajectory detection test (FIG. 3). The solid line indicates the angle setting value of the collector 20 in the trajectory detection test. The broken line indicates a trajectory with an error of 0 °. The broken line is an angle at which the curved mirror 21 of the collector 20 faces the sun.

FIG. 4E is a diagram showing the amount of heat collected by the receiver 30 during a partial period of the orbit detection test (FIG. 3).
At time A in the figure, the angle setting value indicated by the solid line in FIG. 4D is away from the angle (orbit with an error of 0 °) where the curved mirror 21 indicated by the broken line faces the sun. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4A, the reflected light of the curved mirror 21 is not collected on the receiver 30, and the heat collection amount is zero.
If the curved mirror 21 is stationary with the angle setting value indicated by the solid line in FIG. 4D, the sun gradually moves due to the rotation of the earth. At the time B, the trajectory indicated by the solid line coincides with the trajectory indicated by the broken line with an error of 0 °, so that the curved mirror 21 of the collector 20 faces the sun. At this time, the reflected light of the curved mirror 21 is condensed on the receiver 30, and the amount of heat collection becomes the maximum value. Time B is the time when the collector 20 actually faces the sun.
As time further elapses, the sun moves away from the position facing the curved mirror 21. At time C, as shown in FIG. 4C, the reflected light of the curved mirror 21 is not collected on the receiver 30, and the amount of heat collection becomes zero again.

  FIGS. 5A and 5B are views showing the trajectory of the curved mirror facing the sun and the amount of heat collected by the receiver.

FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the trajectory of the curved mirror 21 facing the sun. The vertical axis indicates the angle of the collector 20. The horizontal axis indicates the common time. A broken line indicates an orbit with an error of 0 °, that is, an orbit of the curved mirror 21 facing the sun. The solid line indicates the trajectory of the curved mirror 21 in the trajectory detection test.
The trajectory of the curved mirror 21 in the trajectory detection test indicated by the solid line is one in which the angle is intermittently changed and is stationary for a predetermined period. The trajectory of the curved mirror 21 in the trajectory detection test passes through a trajectory facing the sun, which is a trajectory with an error of 0 °, when stationary for a predetermined period.

FIG. 5B shows the amount of heat collected by the receiver. The vertical axis represents the amount of heat collected by the receiver. The horizontal axis indicates the common time.
In the orbit detection test, when the curved mirror 21 is stationary for a predetermined period, the amount of collected heat of the receiver draws a peak in a mountain shape. The peak time of the receiver heat collection amount is the time when the curved mirror 21 is actually facing the sun. Therefore, by recording a plurality of relationships between the peak time and the collector angle Θ and calculating a straight line that satisfies these relationships, it is possible to determine the orbit where the curved mirror 21 actually faces the sun.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for calculating the amount of angular deviation of the curved mirror according to the first embodiment. The vertical axis represents the amount of heat collected by the receiver. The horizontal axis indicates time. Each solid line shows the amount of heat collected by the receivers of the m heat collecting devices 11-1 to 11-m.
The time at which the amount of heat collection becomes maximum differs among the respective heat collection devices 11, because the collector 20 of each heat collection device 11 is twisted or the like and does not have the same angle. This angular deviation is detected as follows.
First, the arithmetic device 70 selects the heat collecting device 11 that serves as a reference. It is desirable that a position detector 13 is installed in the heat collecting apparatus 11 serving as a reference. Here, the heat collector 11-1 is selected as a reference.
Next, the arithmetic unit 70 obtains the time tm that is the maximum value of the receiver heat collection amount in each heat collecting device 11-m from the measurement data, and calculates Δtm that is the difference between the time tm and the time t0.
The arithmetic unit 70 calculates the calculated value of the collector angle Θ0 at time t0 and the collector angle Θm at time (t0 + Δtm). ΔΘm, which is the difference between the collector angle Θ0 and the collector angle Θm, is a shift amount of the collector angle Θ0 of each heat collecting device 11-m.

  FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing error factors for the sun tracking accuracy of the curved mirror.

FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating the definition of the rotation angle around the Z axis and the rotation angle around the Y axis.
The rotation angle around the Z axis refers to a rotation angle in the counterclockwise direction on the XY plane as viewed in the Z axis direction from the midpoint of the rotation axis (X axis direction) of the collector 20.
The rotation angle around the Y axis refers to a rotation angle counterclockwise on the XZ plane viewed from the midpoint of the rotation axis (X axis direction) of the collector 20 in the Y axis direction.

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating the X-axis direction with respect to the heat collector 11.
The following three error parameters are estimated.
(1) Rotation angle around the Z-axis of the X-axis (the rotation axis of the collector 20) (2) Rotation angle around the Y-axis of the X-axis (the rotation axis of the collector 20) (3) Errors in latitude and longitude of the installation location

  The rotation axis of the collector 20 is assumed to be the X-axis, and the case where this X-axis coincides with the north-south axis is usually assumed. In contrast to this state, there is a possibility that the rotation axis of the collector 20 may be shifted by the angles shown in (1) and (2) due to the installation error of the heat collecting device 11. Due to these angles, an error occurs between the target collector angle Θt obtained by the prediction calculation and the rotation angle at which the actual heat collection efficiency is maximized. In addition, since the latitude and longitude of the installation location are used for the prediction calculation, if the latitude and longitude are different from the actual values as shown in (3), the target collector angle Θt and the actual heat collection efficiency are maximized. An error occurs between the rotation angle.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the error factor correction process in the first embodiment.
Considering the individual heat collectors 11, the condensing efficiency does not become maximum at the predicted calculated rotation angle setting value due to the influence of calculation error, installation error of the curved mirror 21, and rotation error of the synchronization device 50. There is. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the error factor.
Further, since the plurality of heat collecting devices 11 are connected in a row with a common rotating shaft and the collectors 20 are rotated in synchronization, the collectors 20 are twisted, and the collectors 20 are adjusted so that a certain set value is obtained. Even if it is rotated, the curved mirror 21 of each heat collecting device 11 is misaligned with each other.
From the above, the amount of angular misalignment of the collector 20 of each heat collecting device 11 with respect to one reference heat collecting device 11 is corrected, and the optimum set value that maximizes the heat collecting efficiency of the reference heat collecting device 11 is obtained. It was decided to calculate and correct.

That is, the correction process of the error factor of the heat collecting apparatus 11 of this embodiment can be divided roughly into the following steps 1-3.
Step 1: Trajectory detection test Step 2: Angle shift amount correction Step 3: Correction parameter calculation Step 1 includes steps S10 to S14. Step 2 includes processes S15 and S17 and processes S30 to S39 (FIG. 9). Step 3 includes processes S17 to S22. The control command after the correction parameter calculation obtained in the process S22 is transmitted to the drive control unit 61. Hereinafter, processing of each step will be described.

<< Step 1: Orbit detection test >>
In processes S10 to S14, the trajectory detection test unit 63 of the control device 60 repeats the process a predetermined number of times.
In the process S11, the trajectory detection test unit 63 of the control device 60 rotates intermittently once every about 20 to 30 minutes so that the collector 20 has a predetermined angle set value. At this time, the predetermined angle setting value is an angle at which the curved mirror 21 of the collector 20 faces the sun at a time that is half the control cycle ahead (10 to 15 minutes in the above case) from the time of calculation. It is.
In process S12, the trajectory detection test unit 63 of the control device 60 starts automatic control in each row. That is, the trajectory detection test unit 63 of the control device 60 circulates the heat medium through the heat medium path 17 in a state where the collector 20 of each heat collection device 11 is stationary at the predetermined angle setting value, and each heat collection device. 11 is operated to collect and collect heat.

In the process S13, the heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 of the control device 60 is the heat detector inlet temperature Tin, outlet temperature Tout, the flow rate F measured by the flow meter 15, and the position detector 13 of each heat collecting device 11-m. Each measured collector angle Θ is measured. The product of the temperature difference (Tout−Tin) of the heat medium, the specific heat α of the heat medium, and the flow rate F is the heat collection amount.
Furthermore, the heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 measures the amount of direct solar radiation per 1 m ² (kW / m ² ) using the solar radiation meter 14. The heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 converts the heat collection amount into a heat amount (kW) per 1 m ^{2 of the} curved mirror 21 and calculates a ratio to the direct solar radiation amount measured by the solar radiation meter 14 to obtain the heat collection efficiency.
In the process S14, the heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the process has been repeated a predetermined number of times. The heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 of the control device 60 returns to the process S10 if the determination condition is not satisfied, and performs the process S15 if the determination condition is satisfied.

<Step 2: Angle shift correction>
In the process S15, the heat collection efficiency measuring unit 62 of the control device 60 causes the arithmetic device 70 to perform an angle shift amount calculation process (FIG. 9).
In process S16, the drive control unit 61 of the control device 60 sets the angle deviation amount in the synchronization device 50, corrects the angle deviation amount, and prepares for the subsequent heat collection operation.

<< Step 3: Calculation of correction parameters of reference heat collecting apparatus >>
Finally, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 calculates the correction parameter of the heat collecting device 11-1 as a reference.
In the process S17, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 detects the time t0 when the heat collection amount reaches the peak and the collector angle Θ0 at that time for the reference heat collection device 11 in the row.
In the process S18, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 described in FIG. 7 is (1) the rotation angle around the Z axis of the X axis (the rotation axis of the collector 20), and (2) the X axis (the collector 20). (3) A correction parameter for the change in latitude and longitude of the installation location is set.

In the process S19, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 calculates the trajectory of the curved mirror 21 in consideration of the input correction parameter. The correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 calculates the collector angle Θc in consideration of the correction parameter at each of the intersection times t1 to t4 forming the trajectory shown in FIG.
In the process S20, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 takes the correction parameter into consideration and calculates the square of the difference between the collector angle Θc obtained as the trajectory calculation value and the collector angle Θx that is the detection result (FIG. 7). Calculate the total value.
That is, if the times of the intersections shown in FIG. 5 are t1 to t4, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 calculates the following total value (SUM) for the four times t1 to t4.

In process S21, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the sum of squares is the minimum value in the correction parameter space. The correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 returns to the process S18 if the determination condition is not satisfied (No), and performs the process S22 if the condition is satisfied (Yes).
In process S <b> 22, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 determines the correction parameter and transmits it to the drive control unit 61. Thereby, the drive control part 61 can perform correct angle calculation using a correction parameter from the next driving | operation. When the process of step S22 ends, the process of FIG. 8 ends.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when there are four intersections between the trajectory of the trajectory detection test and the trajectory with an error of 0 °, the correction parameter calculation unit 64 of the control device 60 changes the correction parameter shown in FIG. In step S21, a correction parameter having the minimum total value is found. The drive control unit 61 of the control device 60 controls the angle of the collector 20 according to the found correction parameter. As a result, the trajectory calculated with the correction value substantially coincides with the broken line (trajectory with an error of 0 °) shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an angle shift amount calculation process in the first embodiment.
In the process S30, the angle shift amount calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic device 70 first selects the reference heat collecting device 11. It is desirable to select the heat collecting device 11-1 in which the position detector 13 is installed.
In process S31, the angle deviation amount calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic unit 70 detects the time t0 at the maximum value of the heat collection amount of the reference heat collection device 11-1.
In the processes S32 to S36, the angle deviation calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic device 70 repeats the process for all the heat collectors 11-2 to 11-9 other than the reference heat collector 11-1.
In the process S33, the angle deviation calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic device 70 detects the time tm at the maximum value of the heat collection amount of the heat collection device 11.
In the process S34, the angle deviation calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic unit 70 calculates Δtm which is the difference between the time t0 and the time tm.

In the process S35, the angle deviation calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic unit 70 calculates the collector angle Θ0 at the time t0 of the reference heat collecting device 11-1 and the collector angle at the time tm of the heat collecting device 11. ΔΘm, which is the difference in Θm, is calculated and used as the angle deviation amount data 73 of the heat collecting apparatus 11.
In the process S36, the angle deviation amount calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic device 70 determines whether or not the process has been repeated for all the heat collectors 11-2 to 11-9 other than the reference heat collector 11-1. To do. The angle deviation amount calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic device 70 returns to the process S32 if the determination condition is not satisfied, and performs the process S37 if the determination condition is satisfied.
In the process S <b> 37, the angle shift amount calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic device 70 transmits the angle shift amount data 73 of each heat collecting device 11 to the control device 60.
In the process S <b> 38, the angle deviation calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic device 70 transmits information on which heat collecting device 11 is the reference heat collecting device 11 to the control device 60.
In the process S39, the angle deviation amount calculation unit 71 of the arithmetic device 70 displays the angle deviation amount data 73 of each heat collecting device 11 on the display unit 74. When the process of step S39 ends, the process of FIG. 9 ends.

  In principle, the error factor correction process shown in FIG. 8 and the angle deviation calculation process shown in FIG. 9 are performed before actual driving. However, in the process of continuing the actual operation for a long period of time, when an error occurs due to some factor and the receiver heat collection efficiency deteriorates, these processes may be appropriately performed.

(Effects of the first embodiment)
The first embodiment described above has the following effects (A) and (B).

(A) When the collectors 20 of the plurality of heat collecting devices 11 are connected and driven, the angle deviation of the collectors 20 of the respective heat collecting devices 11 can be automatically and easily detected without providing a new sensor or the like. it can.

(B) When the collectors 20 of the plurality of heat collecting apparatuses 11 are connected and driven, the arithmetic unit 70 detects a relative angular deviation with respect to the collector 20 of the heat collecting apparatus 11 serving as a reference. The trajectory of the curved mirror 21 of the heat collecting apparatus 11 is adjusted. Thereby, the drive control part 61 of the control apparatus 60 can make the track | orbit of the curved mirror 21 of all the heat collectors 11 approach the track | orbit of error 0 degree, and can maximize heat collection efficiency.

(Modification)
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Examples of such modifications include the following (a) to (e).

(A) In the first embodiment, the trajectory is obtained using the point (maximum value for each predetermined period) at which the receiver heat collection amount becomes maximum, but the point at which the inlet / outlet temperature difference of the receiver 30 or the receiver heat collection efficiency becomes maximum is obtained. It may be used. That is, instead of the time at which the receiver heat collection amount becomes maximum in the processing S31 and the processing S33 in FIG. Good.

(B) The period for intermittently rotating the collector 20 is not necessarily 20 to 30 minutes, and may be any period that can detect the time at which the receiver heat collection amount and the receiver heat collection efficiency are maximized.

(C) In the process S21, the difference between the set angle of the collector 20 at the time obtained in the trajectory detection test and the set angle in the trajectory calculation obtained by changing the parameter relating to the installation error is predetermined. You may determine so that it may become smaller than a value.

(D) In the first embodiment, water is used as the heat medium. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the heat medium is not limited as long as it is a substance that maintains a liquid or gas state at room temperature.

(E) The solar heat collecting apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment performs the correction parameter calculation in Step 3 after performing the angle shift amount correction in Step 2. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the solar heat collecting apparatus 10 may perform the angle deviation correction in Step 2 after performing the correction parameter calculation in Step 3.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Solar heat collecting device 11-1 to 11-9 Heat collecting device 12-1 to 12-12 Thermometer 14 Solar radiation meter 15 Flow meter 16 Pump 17 Heating medium path 20 Collector (Condensing part)
21 curved mirror 22 support frame 23 support bar 30 heat collecting tube (receiver or heat collecting part)
31 Holding Leg 50 Synchronizing Device 60 Control Device 61 Drive Control Unit 62 Heat Collection Efficiency Measuring Unit 63 Orbit Detection Test Unit 64 Correction Parameter Calculation Unit 65 Storage Unit 66 Solar Position Table 67 Measurement Data 70 Computing Device 71 Angular Deviation Amount Calculation Unit 73 Angular Deviation Quantity data 74 Display unit 100 Air conditioning system

Claims (7)

A receiver that absorbs sunlight and converts it into heat, and a plurality of heat collectors that include a collector that reflects sunlight and collects it on the receiver;
A synchronization device that drives each collector of the plurality of heat collecting devices in synchronization;
A position detector for detecting a rotation angle of the collector;
A heat collection efficiency measurement unit for measuring the heat collection efficiency of each of the plurality of heat collection devices;
An orbit detection test unit for performing an orbit detection test where the collector faces the sun;
An angle shift amount calculation unit for calculating an angle shift amount of each collector of the plurality of heat collectors with respect to a collector of a reference heat collector;
A correction parameter calculation unit that calculates a correction parameter that maximizes the heat collection efficiency of the reference heat collection device;
A solar heat collecting apparatus comprising: The heat collection efficiency measurement unit corrects the heat collection efficiency of the heat collection device by a solarimeter that measures the amount of direct solar radiation of sunlight,
The solar heat collecting apparatus of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The angle shift amount calculation unit
Calculating an angle shift amount of each collector of the plurality of heat collectors with respect to a collector of the reference heat collector;
The solar heat collecting apparatus of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The orbit detection test unit advances the plurality of heat collecting devices from the orbit directly facing the sun, and is stationary for a predetermined period of time.
The heat collection efficiency measurement unit measures a heat collection amount of each of the heat collection devices in the predetermined period,
The angle shift amount calculation unit
As each of the correction parameters, the difference between the angle at the time of maximum heat collection efficiency of the reference heat collector and the angle at the time of maximum heat collection efficiency of the heat collector is determined by the collector of the reference heat collector. Calculating the amount of angular deviation from the collector of the heat collector,
The solar heat collecting apparatus of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The solar heat collecting apparatus according to claim 1 measures an inlet side thermometer for measuring an inlet temperature of a heat medium flowing into the heat collecting apparatus and an outlet temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heat collecting apparatus. An outlet-side thermometer,
The heat collection efficiency measurement unit calculates the temperature difference by subtracting the inlet temperature from the outlet temperature of the heat medium of the heat collector, and sets the heat collection efficiency.
A solar heat collector characterized by that. The solar heat collecting apparatus according to claim 1 is a flow meter for measuring a flow rate of a heat medium flowing through the heat collecting apparatus, and an inlet side thermometer for measuring an inlet temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heat collecting apparatus. And an outlet side thermometer for measuring the outlet temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heat collecting device,
Further comprising
The heat collection efficiency measurement unit subtracts the inlet temperature from the outlet temperature of the heat medium of the heat collector to calculate a temperature difference, and multiplies the calculated temperature difference by the flow rate and specific heat of the heat medium to collect the heat collection efficiency. And
A solar heat collector characterized by that. Solar heat collector
A receiver that absorbs sunlight and converts it into heat, and a plurality of heat collectors that include a collector that reflects sunlight and collects it on the receiver;
A synchronization device that drives the collectors of the plurality of heat collecting devices in synchronization;
A position detector for detecting a rotation angle of the collector;
A heat collection efficiency measurement unit for measuring the heat collection efficiency of each of the plurality of heat collection devices;
An orbit detection test unit for performing an orbit detection test where the collector faces the sun;
An angle shift amount calculation unit for calculating an angle shift amount of each collector of the plurality of heat collectors with respect to a collector of a reference heat collector;
A correction parameter calculation unit that calculates a correction parameter that maximizes the heat collection efficiency of the reference heat collection device;
With
The angle shift amount calculation unit
Selecting any one of the heat collecting devices as the reference heat collecting device;
Detecting each time of maximum heat collection efficiency of each of the heat collection devices measured by the orbit detection test unit;
Subtracting the collector angle at the time of maximum heat collection efficiency of each of the heat collection devices from the collector angle at the time of maximum heat collection efficiency of the reference heat collection device to obtain each angle deviation amount;
The angle deviation amount calculation method of the solar heat collecting apparatus characterized by performing this.

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