JP2013505331A - 架橋された溶融成形品を生産するための方法 - Google Patents
架橋された溶融成形品を生産するための方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013505331A JP2013505331A JP2012529826A JP2012529826A JP2013505331A JP 2013505331 A JP2013505331 A JP 2013505331A JP 2012529826 A JP2012529826 A JP 2012529826A JP 2012529826 A JP2012529826 A JP 2012529826A JP 2013505331 A JP2013505331 A JP 2013505331A
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- Prior art keywords
- melt
- mixture
- silane
- catalyst
- ethylene
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Links
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Abstract
Description
本願は、その内容全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる2009年9月16日出願の米国特許出願第61/242,857号の優先権を主張するものである。
A.1.2つ以上の官能性末端基を含有するオルガノポリシロキサン、および
2.シラングラフト化またはシラン共重合化ポリオレフィン
を含む架橋性混合物を形成するステップと、
B.その混合物を物品に溶融成形し、部分的に架橋するステップと、
C.溶融成形品を冷却し、架橋を継続するステップ。
この方法は、成形後の外部熱および/または湿気の使用を必要としないが、所望に応じてそのいずれかまたは両方を使用することができる。架橋は、触媒を溶融成形前もしくはその最中に混合物に添加することによって、または溶融成形品に添加することによって(例えば、物品が多層構成物内の層である場合には、隣接している層から拡散させることによって)促進することができる。驚くべきことに、これらの構成要素を含有する混合物のコンパウンディングによって、安定な熱可塑性組成物が生成され、これは溶融加工によって物品に成形し、部分的に架橋することができるが、周囲条件における保存の際には、外部湿気または加熱を必要とすることなく完全に架橋される。かかるブレンドの形態は、顕微鏡的な尺度では、物理的な(未反応の)シロキサン/ポリオレフィンブレンドまたは物理的な、すなわちシロキサンおよびシラングラフト化ポリオレフィンの未反応ブレンドのいずれかと比較して、シリコーン相とポリオレフィン相の間のより高い適合性を示す。
A.直接反応を介する架橋(ネットワーク形成のためには高レベルで、または長鎖分岐による溶融強度の強化のためには低レベルのカップリングで)、
B.架橋ネットワークを形成しない条件下での操作(例えば、モノヒドロキシルシリコーン、または非常に低レベルのジヒドロキシシリコーンまたはポリマーへの低いグラフトレベルの使用)による、シリコーン官能化ポリオレフィンの形成;官能化後に適量のSiORがその系内に残存する場合、その後の湿気架橋が可能となる、
C.シラングラフト化ポリオレフィンを、グラフト化シランを含有していないポリオレフィンの存在下で動的に架橋して、シリコーン媒介性架橋反応を使用して熱可塑性の加硫物(TPV)を作製することができる。
A.1.2つ以上の官能性末端基を含有するオルガノポリシロキサン、
2.ポリオレフィン、
3.シラン、および
4.ペルオキシド
を含む架橋性混合物を形成するステップと、
B.シランをポリオレフィンにグラフトし、シラングラフト化ポリオレフィンを部分的に架橋するのに十分な条件で、その混合物を物品に溶融成形するステップと、
C.その物品を冷却し、架橋を継続するステップ。
この実施形態は、ポリオレフィンのシラングラフト化と混合物の架橋の開始とを組み合わせて、単一ステップにするものである。
1.シラングラフト化ポリオレフィンを調製するステップと、
2.シラングラフト化ポリオレフィンをヒドロキシル末端化ポリジメチルシロキサンと混合するステップと、
3.混合物を保存物品に溶融成形するステップと、
4.その保存物品を最終物品に溶融成形する第2の溶融成形操作に、該保存物品を導入するステップと、
5.第2の溶融成形操作の最中またはその後に、架橋触媒を導入するステップと、
6.第2の溶融成形操作からの最終物品を冷却し、架橋するステップ。
この実施形態は、混合物を形成するステップを、溶融成形ステップおよび架橋ステップと分離することができ、したがってこの方法は異なる空間および時間で実施することができる。保存物品は、一般にペレットであり、これは再溶融され、任意選択により架橋触媒と混合されて、成形または押し出された最終物品を形成する。
本発明の実施において使用されるポリエチレン、すなわち共重合化シラン官能基を含有するか、または後にシランによりグラフトされるポリエチレンは、従来のポリエチレン重合技術、例えば、高圧、チーグラー−ナッタ、メタロセンまたは幾何拘束型(constrained geometry)触媒作用を使用して生産することができる。一実施形態では、ポリエチレンは、高圧法を使用して生成される。別の実施形態では、ポリエチレンは、モノ−もしくはビス−シクロペンタジエニル、インデニル、またはフルオレニル遷移金属(好ましくは第4属)触媒または幾何拘束型触媒(CGC)を、活性化因子と組み合わせて使用して、溶液、スラリーまたは気相重合法で生成される。触媒は、好ましくはモノ−シクロペンタジエニル、モノ−インデニルまたはモノ−フルオレニルCGCである。溶液法が好ましい。米国特許第5,064,802号、WO93/19104およびWO95/00526は、幾何拘束型金属錯体およびそれらの調製方法を開示している。金属錯体を含有する様々に置換されているインデニルは、WO95/14024およびWO98/49212において教示されている。
有効にエチレンと共重合し、またはエチレンポリマーにグラフトしそれを架橋する任意のシランを、本発明の実施において使用することができ、次式によって記載のものがその一例である。
本発明の方法において有用な官能性末端基を含有するオリゴマーは、2〜100,000またはそれを超える単位の式R2SiOを含み、式中、各Rは独立に、1〜12個の炭素原子を含むアルキル基、2〜約12個の炭素原子を含むアルケニル基、アリール、および1〜約12個の炭素原子を含むフッ素置換アルキル基からなる群から選択される。基Rは、例えば、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、sec−ブチル、ドデシル、ビニル、アリル、フェニル、ナフチル、トリルおよび3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルであってよい。好ましいのは、各基Rがメチルの場合である。
架橋触媒は、ルイスおよびブレンステッド酸および塩基を含む。ルイス酸は、ルイス塩基から電子対を受け取ることができる化学種である。ルイス塩基は、電子対をルイス酸に供与することができる化学種である。本発明の実施において使用され得るルイス酸には、ジラウリン酸ジブチルスズ(DBTDL)、オレイン酸ジメチルヒドロキシスズ、マレイン酸ジオクチルスズ、マレイン酸ジ−n−ブチルスズ、二酢酸ジブチルスズ、ジオクタン酸ジブチルスズ、酢酸第一スズ、オクタン酸第一スズなどのカルボン酸スズ、ならびにナフテン酸鉛、カプリル酸亜鉛およびナフテン酸コバルトなどの様々な他の有機金属化合物が含まれる。DBTDLが好ましいルイス酸である。本発明の実施において使用され得るルイス塩基には、それに限定されるものではないが、第一級、第二級および第三級アミンが含まれる。これらの触媒は、一般に、湿気硬化適用に使用される。
架橋された物品、例えばケーブル絶縁層もしくは保護用ジャケット、射出成形されたエラストマーコネクタ等、または他の製造物品、例えばシール、ガスケット、靴底等を生成する組成物は、充填されていても充填されていなくてもよい。充填されている場合、存在する充填剤の量は、好ましくは、シラン架橋されたエチレンポリマーの電気および/または機械特性を許容されないほど大きく分解し得る量を超えるべきではない。一般に、存在する充填剤の量は、ポリマーの重量に対して2〜80重量パーセント、好ましくは5〜70重量パーセント(wt%)である。代表的な充填剤には、カオリン粘土、水酸化マグネシウム、シリカ、炭酸カルシウムおよびカーボンブラックが含まれる。充填剤は、難燃特性を有していても有していなくてもよい。充填剤が存在する本発明の好ましい一実施形態では、充填剤は、その充填剤が別の方法でシラン硬化反応と干渉するおそれがある傾向をすべて予防または遅延する材料でコーティングされる。ステアリン酸は、かかる充填剤コーティングの一例である。充填剤および触媒は、任意の望ましくない相互反応および反応を回避するように選択され、この選択は当業者に周知である。
一実施形態では、本方法は、架橋された溶融成形品の製造プロセス中に、液体ポリマー改質剤を添加するステップを含む。「液体ポリマー改質剤」は、本明細書で使用される場合、官能化されていない可塑剤(NFP)である。本明細書で使用される場合、「NFP」は炭化水素液体であり、これは、水酸化物、アリールおよび置換アリール、ハロゲン、アルコキシ、カルボキシレート、エステル、炭素不飽和、アクリレート、酸素、窒素、ならびにカルボキシルから選択される官能基をかなりの程度(appreciable extent)まで含まない。「かなりの程度」とは、これらの基を含むこれらの基および化合物が、NFPに意図的には添加されず、いくつかの実施形態において仮に存在する場合には、NFPの5重量パーセント未満で存在し、またはNFPの重量に対して4、3、2、1、0.7、0.5、0.3、0.1、0.05、0.01もしくは0.001wt%未満で存在することを意味する。
シラン官能化エチレンポリマー、多官能性オルガノポリシロキサン、もしあれば触媒、ならびに充填剤および添加剤のコンパウンディングは、当業者に公知の標準手段によって実施することができる。コンパウンディング装置の例は、バンバリーまたはBolling密閉型ミキサーなどの密閉型バッチミキサーである。あるいは、Farrel連続ミキサー、WernerおよびPfleiderer2軸ミキサー、またはBuss連続混練押出機などの単軸または2軸連続ミキサーを使用することができる。利用するミキサーの種類およびミキサーの操作条件は、粘度、体積抵抗率および押出成形表面の平滑度などの組成物の特性に影響を及ぼす。
一実施形態では、本発明の組成物は、公知の量および公知の方法(例えば、米国特許第5,246,783号および同第4,144,202号に記載の装置および方法を用いる)で、シースまたは絶縁層としてケーブルに適用することができる。一般に、組成物は、ケーブルコーティングダイを備えた反応器−押出機内で調製され、組成物の構成要素が調合された後、組成物は、ケーブルがダイを介して引き出されるときに該ケーブル上に押し出される。硬化は、反応器−押出機内で開始することができる。
A.1.2つ以上の官能性末端基を含有するオルガノポリシロキサン、および
2.シラングラフト化またはシラン共重合化ポリオレフィン
を含む架橋性混合物を形成するステップと、
B.混合物を物品に溶融成形し、部分的に架橋するステップと、
C.溶融成形品を冷却し、架橋を継続するステップと
を含む。
A.0.5〜20wt%のオルガノポリシロキサン、および
B.0.01〜0.2wt%の触媒
を含む、E1〜E6のいずれかの方法。
A.1.1つまたは複数の官能性末端基を含有するオルガノポリシロキサン、
2.ポリオレフィン、
3.シラン、および
4.ペルオキシド
を含む架橋性混合物を形成するステップと、
B.シランをポリオレフィンにグラフトし、シラングラフト化ポリオレフィンを部分的に架橋するのに十分な条件で、混合物を物品に溶融成形するステップと、
C.物品を冷却し、架橋を継続するステップと
を含む。
1.シラングラフト化ポリオレフィンを調製するステップと、
2.シラングラフト化ポリオレフィンをヒドロキシ末端化ポリジメチルシロキサンと混合するステップと、
3.混合物を保存物品に溶融成形するステップと、
4.その保存物品を、最終物品に溶融成形する第2の溶融成形操作に導入するステップと、
5.第2の溶融成形操作の最中またはその後に、架橋触媒を導入するステップと、
6.第2の溶融成形操作からの最終物品を冷却し、架橋するステップと
を含む。
表1は、いくつかの組成物の評価を報告するものである。この実験では、ENGAGE(商標)8200プラストマー(5MI、密度0.870、固体ペレットのエチレン−オクテンコポリマー)を使用する。ポリマーペレットを40℃で2時間加熱し、次いでVTMSおよびLUPEROX 101ペルオキシド(Arkemaから入手可能な2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサン)の混合物と共に回転ブレンドし、ペレットが乾燥するのが見えるまで、瓶ローラーを使用してガラス瓶内に浸漬させたままにする。
表2に示したデータは、3%シラノール末端化ポリジメチルシロキサン(OH−PDMS)の存在下で2%VTMSを用いてグラフトしたLLDPE樹脂(0.7MI、密度0.920g/cm3)と、OH−PDMSなしに同じ条件下でグラフトした対照試料を比較するものである。まず、両方の材料を乾燥させ、次いでスズ触媒の存在下でワイヤー(124ミルワイヤーO.D.、30ミル壁厚)上に押し出す。絶縁体を取り出し、周囲条件(23℃および相対湿度70%)で16時間硬化させ、次いで熱間クリープ試験(200℃、15分、15N/m2)にかける。結果は、比較組成物が100%の熱間クリープ伸長および10%の熱硬化標的に達しないことを示している。それとは対照的に、本発明の組成物は実際に、熱間クリープおよび熱硬化試験に合格する。データは、本発明によって周囲条件で急速な硬化速度が達成されたことを実証している。
この実施例のデータセットは、成形部品から採取した試料によって得る。成形部品10(図2)は、OH−PDMSの存在下でビニルトリメトキシシランを用いてグラフトしたエラストマー樹脂系から製造した絶縁層11を含む。成形部品10は、絶縁層11を挟む外部半導電層(12)および内部半導電層(13)を含む35KVプロトタイプコネクタである。絶縁層11は本発明の組成物を含む。まず、半導電層を別個に成形し、第1の成形ステップでペルオキシドにより硬化させ、次いで第2の金型に一緒に搭載し、そこで絶縁層をその間に射出する。絶縁化合物は、スズ触媒のマスターバッチと予め混合し、完全に熱可塑性の方式で射出を実施し、部品を冷却時に離型する(実施する試験に応じて1〜5分の成形時間)。内部半導電層13は約4mmの厚さであり、絶縁体の大部分を、両端部方向を除いて被覆する。外部半導電層12は約3.5mmの厚さであり、絶縁層全体を被覆し、すなわち外部への曝露部分がなく、絶縁層11はそれ自体が約11.6mmの厚さである。部品を成形工場から受け取ったらそれを切断し、DMA試験のために絶縁層の中心部分から3種類の試料を採取する。すべての試料は1.9mmの厚さである。絶縁層の外縁部から始めて、試料1は層の内側約3mmであり、試料2は層の内側約5mmであり、試料3は層の内側約7mmである。部品を、試験前に普通の輸送および実験室の保存条件下で処理し、すなわち特別な加熱または湿気に曝露はしない。図3のDMAデータは、試料のそれぞれについて、融点を超える温度においてプラトー係数を示し、または換言すれば材料の完全な硬化を示している。
11 絶縁層
12 外部半導電層
13 内部半導電層
Claims (10)
- A.1.2つ以上の官能性末端基を含有するオルガノポリシロキサン、および
2.シラングラフト化またはシラン共重合化ポリオレフィン
を含む架橋性混合物を形成するステップと、
B.混合物を物品に溶融成形し、部分的に架橋するステップと、
C.溶融成形品を冷却し、架橋を継続するステップと
を含む、架橋された溶融成形品を製造する方法。 - 架橋触媒が、溶融成形の前もしくはその最中に混合物に添加されるか、溶融成形品に添加される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- オルガノポリシロキサンの官能性末端基の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシル基である、請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 架橋性混合物が、液体ポリマー改質剤を含む、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ポリオレフィンが、ポリエチレンである、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 触媒が、ルイスまたはブレンステッド酸または塩基である、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 架橋性混合物が、混合物の重量に対して、
A.0.5〜20wt%のオルガノポリシロキサン、および
B.0.01〜0.2wt%の触媒
を含む、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 架橋性混合物が、充填剤、可塑剤、スコーチ遅延剤および湿気供給源の少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 架橋性混合物または混合物の構成要素の少なくとも1つが、架橋性混合物を溶融成形する前に乾燥条件に曝される、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- オルガノポリシロキサンおよび触媒の少なくとも1つが、混合物を溶融成形する前に、ポリオレフィンの溶融温度未満の温度でシラングラフト化またはシラン共重合化ポリオレフィンに少なくとも一部浸漬される、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の方法。
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JPS63172757A (ja) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-07-16 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | ゴム組成物 |
JPH01252670A (ja) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-10-09 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 硬化性樹脂組成物 |
JP2002037960A (ja) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-02-06 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | ゴム組成物 |
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JP2016527183A (ja) * | 2013-05-10 | 2016-09-08 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | シラン変性油を含む消費者製品 |
JP2020533427A (ja) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-11-19 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | ワイヤおよびケーブル絶縁層およびジャケット層のための湿気硬化性組成物 |
JP7137616B2 (ja) | 2017-07-31 | 2022-09-14 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | ワイヤおよびケーブル絶縁層およびジャケット層のための湿気硬化性組成物 |
JP2021531364A (ja) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-11-18 | ダウ シリコーンズ コーポレーション | ポリシロキサン樹脂−ポリオレフィンコポリマー並びにその調製方法及び使用方法 |
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