JP2013504597A - 過敏性腸症候群(ibs)の治療方法 - Google Patents
過敏性腸症候群(ibs)の治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013504597A JP2013504597A JP2012528956A JP2012528956A JP2013504597A JP 2013504597 A JP2013504597 A JP 2013504597A JP 2012528956 A JP2012528956 A JP 2012528956A JP 2012528956 A JP2012528956 A JP 2012528956A JP 2013504597 A JP2013504597 A JP 2013504597A
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は、US 61/241,945(2009年9月13日出願);US 61/262,475(2009年11月18日出願);およびUS 61/329,511(2010年4月29日出願)の利益を主張し;かつ、US 12/393,979(2009年2月26日出願)の部分継続出願である(それらの全内容が参照により本明細書中に明示的に組み入れられる)。
-x-は共有化学結合または存在せず;Rは水素またはアセチルであり;
R1およびR2は独立に、水素、(C1〜4)アルキル、ベンジルオキシ、モノおよびジ(C1〜3)アルキルアミノ-(C1〜4)アルキル、(C1〜3)アルコキシ-(C1〜4)アルキル、ヒドロキシメチル、ヒドロキシ-(C2〜4)-アルキル、ニトロを表すか、またはR1およびR2は、ピリジン核の2個の連続する炭素原子と一緒になって、非置換または1個もしくは2個のメチル基もしくはエチル基により置換されたベンゼン環を形成し;R3は水素原子または存在せず;ただし、AがA1である場合、-x-は存在せず、R3は水素原子であり;さらに、AがA2である場合、-x-は共有化学結合であり、R3は存在しない]
の構造を有する化合物である。
本明細書中には、腸関連障害を治療する、予防するかまたは向上させる方法が提供され、該方法は、それを必要とする被験体への有効量のリファキシミンの投与を含む。腸関連障害(例えば、腸疾患)としては、過敏性腸症候群(IBS)、交代型IBS、下痢型過敏性腸症候群(dIBS)、クローン病、旅行者下痢、潰瘍性大腸炎、腸炎、小腸細菌異常増殖、慢性膵炎、膵不全、大腸炎、憩室疾患、肝性脳症、IBSに伴う腹痛および/または回腸嚢炎のうち1種以上が挙げられる。
本発明の実施形態は、本明細書中に記載されたリファキシミンの投与レジメンが、それを必要とする被験体での持続性の応答およびIBS症状の向上をもたらすという知見に関連する。本発明の一実施形態は、持続性の抗生物質応答を含む腸疾患(BD)の治療方法であり、該方法は、それを必要とする被験体に治療上有効量のリファマイシン系抗生物質を投与すること、約1〜約24週間治療した後に、治療に対して応答する被験体を選択すること、および応答被験体を治療からはずすことによるものであり、治療の中断後に、持続性の応答が見られる。選択は、医療専門家により、自己選択により、あるいは症状を判定もしくは鑑別するかまたは抗生物質に対する応答を診断する立場にある人物の選択により行うことができる。治療の中断は、例えば、投与を中止すること、抗生物質の投与を勧めることを中止すること、および/または抗生物質の摂取を止めるように応答被験体に助言することを含む。
本明細書中に記載された方法はまた、BDの遺伝的リスクの遺伝学的プロファイリングおよびリスク被験体の治療のための選択をさらに含むことができる。例えば、リスク被験体は、遺伝学的スクリーニング、家族歴、生活習慣、旅行計画などにより、腸疾患のリスクがあると判定することができる。遺伝学的スクリーニングは、例えば、腸疾患または腸疾患に対する感受性に影響するかまたはこれを予測することが示されている遺伝子および発現プロフィールまたはエピジェネティックな修飾因子についてのものであり得る。スクリーニングすることができる突然変異としては、例えば、Nod2、CFTR、もしくはCARD15の突然変異または多型が挙げられる。Nod2は、細菌感染に対する免疫系の初期応答に関与する遺伝子であり、クローン病のリスクを顕著に増大させる。CFTRタンパク質は、消化器系、肺および汗腺の内面を形成する細胞の表面に局在する。正常細胞では、このタンパク質は、細胞内外に塩化物イオンを輸送するイオンチャネルとして機能する。このタンパク質はまた、他の輸送経路の調節を制御して、細胞膜を通る体液および重炭酸塩の通過を調節する。DNA配列変異(または突然変異)単独では、CFTR関連消化器疾患パターンは説明されないが、むしろ、エピジェネティックな修飾因子、またはこの遺伝子のDNA配列を完全なままに保つ変化が、CFTR発現に影響を及ぼす。
本発明はまた、本明細書中に記載された有効量のリファマイシン系抗生物質(例えば、リファキシミンまたはリファキシミン多形体)および製薬上許容される担体を含む医薬組成物も提供する。さらなる実施形態では、有効量は、細菌感染(例えば、小腸細菌異常増殖)、クローン病、肝性脳症、抗生物質関連大腸炎、および/または憩室疾患を治療するのに有効である。
本明細書中には、キットも提供される。例えば、被験体の腸疾患を治療するためのキット、持続性抗生物質応答を有する腸疾患(BD)を治療するためのキット;女性の腸疾患(BD)の治療方法、男性の腸疾患(BD)の治療方法;男性のBDによる腹部膨満感の治療方法;BDによる腹部膨満感の治療方法;BDを有する非白人被験体の治療方法;および/または高齢被験体のBDの治療方法;長期疾患を有する高齢被験体のBDの治療方法;および/またはBDのためのリファキシミン治療に対する応答を予測する方法が提供される。キットは、例えば、リファキシミンの多形体または無晶形および使用説明書を含むことができる。使用説明書は、処方情報、投与量情報、保存情報などを含むことができる。
本実施例は、dIBSを有する被験者でのリファキシミンの研究に関する。被験者は、プラセボ、リファキシミン275mg、550mg、または1100mgのBID用量のうち1種を、14日間毎日投与された。第5群の被験者は、28日間にわたって、リファキシミン550mg BIDを投与された。2種類の有効性尺度を評価した。被験者は、全般的IBS症状および腹部膨満感の軽減について質問された。IBS関連症状(SGA)およびIBS関連腹部膨満感(IBS-B)の十分な軽減を評価したところ、2週間の550mg BIDの投与が、統計学的に有意な軽減を示した。解析では、成功を、十分な軽減に関する質問に対する「はい」との応答と定義した。
治療期(第1週〜第4週)での最後の3週のうち少なくとも2週で、IBS症状および腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減を報告した被験者の割合(%)を、以下の表3〜5および図4〜6に示す。
被験者は、試験の継続期間を通して、dIBS症状についての以下の情報を毎日記録した:
・正常便の回数/日;
・硬い便または塊様便の回数/日;
・軟らかい便または水様便の回数/日;
・緊急性の症状を有する軟らかい便または水様便の回数/日;
・腹痛および不快感のひどさ[7段階応答尺度:0(まったくなし)〜6(極めて大きい)];
・腹部膨満感のひどさ[7段階応答尺度:0(まったくなし)〜6(極めて大きい)]。
試験では、長期的な十分な軽減について、12週の追跡期間にわたって、効果を評価した。第4週までに十分な軽減を示し、第5週で無症状となった被験者を、治療後に追跡し、図1および2に示す。12週の治療後追跡期間で、プラセボと比較した優位性が維持された。第16週まで、IBS症状についての結果はRFX 550mg BID 62.3%に対してプラセボ49.2%、腹部膨満感症状についてはRFX 550mg BID 59.3%に対してプラセボ50.9%であった。追跡データの評価では、RFX 550mg BIDとプラセボで、腹部膨満感症状およびIBS症状について統計学的有意性(p<0.05)があった。
4週間にわたって下痢型IBS(dIBS)症状を十分に軽減させることに対する、550mg TIDの経口投与リファキシミンの14日治療の有効性を評価するために、試験(図3)を設計する。有効性の1つの尺度は、4週間の試験期間にわたるIBS症状に関する毎週の主観的包括的評価(SGA)質問に対する被験者の回答に基づく。SGA質問は、以下のように毎週尋ねる:「過去7日間で、IBS症状の十分な軽減がありましたか?」(はい/いいえ)。経口投与リファキシミンを摂取した治療群の被験者は、経口投与リファキシミンを摂取していない被験者よりも「はい」と応答することが多い。有効性の別の尺度は、4週間の試験期間にわたるIBSの腹部膨満感症状に関する毎週の主観的包括的評価(SGA)質問に対する被験者の回答に基づく。SGA質問は、以下のように毎週尋ねる:「過去7日間で、IBSの腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減がありましたか?」(はい/いいえ)。経口投与リファキシミンを摂取した治療群の被験者は、経口投与リファキシミンを摂取していない被験者よりも「はい」と応答することが多い。有効性の他の指標としては、試験の4週間のうちの各週までのベースラインからのdIBS症状の変化が挙げられる(例えば、腹痛および腹部不快感、腹部膨満感、1日当たりの排便回数、便の硬さ、軟らかい便または水様便の緊急性)。
QOLの改善
試験により、下痢型IBS(dIBS)を有する患者で、1日2回(BID)のリファキシミン550mgが、プラセボよりも顕著にIBS症状を改善することが示された。この試験の解析により、dIBSを有する患者のQOL尺度を改善することに対するリファキシミンの有効性を評価した。
臨床的応答予測因子としてのベースライン症状の重症度
腹痛および腹部膨満感のベースライン症状の重症度がリファキシミン治療に対する応答に影響を及ぼしたことを、本明細書中に報告する。本解析の2つの一次評価項目(co-primary endpoints)では、包括的IBS症状およびIBS関連腹部膨満感の十分な軽減に関する質問に対する毎週のはい/いいえ応答を評価した。臨床的応答の潜在的交絡因子としてベースラインIBS症状の重症度を評価し、腹部膨満感および腹痛についての平均スコアが≦4であるかまたは>4であるか(7段階尺度により)に基づいて、軽度/中等度または重度に分類した。
4週間にわたって下痢型IBS(dIBS)症状を十分に軽減させることに対する、550mg TIDの経口投与リファキシミンの14日治療の有効性を評価するために、試験を設計した。有効性の1つの尺度は、4週間の試験期間にわたるIBS症状に関する毎週の主観的包括的評価(SGA)質問に対する被験者の回答に基づく。SGA質問は、以下のように毎週尋ねる:「過去7日間で、IBS症状の十分な軽減がありましたか?」(はい/いいえ)。経口投与リファキシミンを摂取した治療群の被験者は、経口投与リファキシミンを摂取していない被験者よりも「はい」と応答することが多い。有効性の別の尺度は、4週間の試験期間にわたるIBSの腹部膨満感症状に関する毎週の主観的包括的評価(SGA)質問に対する被験者の回答に基づく。SGA質問は、以下のように毎週尋ねる:「過去7日間で、IBSの腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減がありましたか?」(はい/いいえ)。経口投与リファキシミンを摂取した治療群の被験者は、経口投与リファキシミンを摂取していない被験者よりも「はい」と応答することが多い。有効性の他の指標としては、試験の4週間のうちの各週までのベースラインからのdIBS症状の変化が挙げられる(例えば、腹痛および腹部不快感、腹部膨満感、1日当たりの排便回数、便の硬さ、軟らかい便または水様便の緊急性)。
試験に参加した被験者について、表13に詳細を記載する。集団の人口統計学データは、表14、15および16に記載する。
IBSを有する被験者でのリファキシミン曝露は、健常被験者での曝露レベルと同様であり、リファンピン曝露よりも520倍超少なく、ネオマイシン曝露よりも66倍超少ない。本出願人らにより以前に開示されている通り、健常被験者でのリファキシミン曝露は、肝性脳症の被験者での曝露レベルよりも顕著に少ない。
本試験で評価した一次評価項目および二次評価項目は、IBS症状の十分な軽減およびIBSの腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減を報告した被験者の割合(%)に治療が及ぼす影響であった。これらの結果を、表17、18、19および20に示す。データにより、リファキシミンを摂取した被験者ではより多くが、IBS症状および腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減を有したことが実証されている。
毎週のIBS包括的症状(一次評価項目);
毎週のIBSの腹部膨満感症状(主要二次評価項目);
IBS症状の一日評価;
一日のIBSの包括的症状;
一日のIBSの腹部膨満感症状:および
一日のIBSの腹痛症状。
毎週の包括的IBS症状;および
一日の包括的IBS症状。
3ヵ月にわたり下痢型IBS(dIBS)症状を十分に軽減することに対する550mg TIDでの経口投与リファキシミンの有効性を評価するために、試験を設計した。有効性の尺度は、IBS症状に関する試験継続期間にわたる毎週の主観的包括的評価(SGA)質問に対する被験者の回答に基づく。
平均でのベースラインからの1ポイントの腹痛スコアの減少;
平均でのベースラインからの2ポイントの腹痛スコアの減少;
平均でのベースラインからの3ポイントの腹痛スコアの減少;
平均でのベースラインからの2未満の一日腹痛スコア;
平均でのベースラインからの25%以上の週間腹痛スコア中央値の全般的減少;
平均でのベースラインからの50%以上の週間腹痛スコア中央値の全般的減少;
平均でのベースラインからの75%以上の週間腹痛スコア中央値の全般的減少;
平均でのベースラインからの1ポイントの腹痛スコアの減少;
平均でのベースラインからの2ポイントの腹痛スコアの減少;
平均でのベースラインからの3ポイントの腹痛スコアの減少;
平均でのベースラインからの2未満の一日腹痛スコア;
平均でのベースラインからの25%以上の週間腹痛スコア中央値の全般的減少;
平均でのベースラインからの50%以上の週間腹痛スコア中央値の全般的減少;
平均でのベースラインからの75%以上の週間腹痛スコア中央値の全般的減少;
IBSの腹部膨満感症状;
3ヵ月の試験中の持続性応答
包括的IBS症状(毎週);
IBSの腹部膨満感症状(毎週);
腹痛(毎週)。
本出願を通して引用されたすべての引用文献、特許、係属中の特許出願および公開された特許の内容は、参照により本明細書中に明示的に組み入れられる。
当業者であれば、日常的な実験以上のものを用いずに、本明細書中に記載した本発明の具体的実施形態の多数の等価物を認識し、または解明することができる。そのような等価物は、以下の特許請求の範囲に包含されると意図される。
Claims (36)
- 過敏性腸症候群(IBS)の治療方法であって、それを必要とする被験体に550mgのリファキシミンTIDを投与することにより、過敏性腸症候群(IBS)を治療することを含む、前記方法。
- IBSが下痢型IBSである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- IBSが交代型IBSである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 約14日間〜約24ヵ月間、被験体にリファキシミンを投与する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- IBSの治療が、IBS症状またはIBSの腹部膨満感症状のうちの1以上の治療を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1以上のIBS症状の治療が、ベースライン症状からの減少である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 治療前にベースライン症状を確認する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- IBS症状の十分な軽減が、「過去7日間で、IBS症状の十分な軽減がありましたか?」を含む質問をしたときの被験体からの「はい」との応答を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- IBS症状の十分な軽減が、IBS症状の十分な軽減を有したか否かを質問した場合の被験体からの肯定的な応答を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- IBS症状が、けいれん、疼痛、下痢、便秘、塊様便、水様便、頻回便、腹痛、腹部不快感、排便切迫、またはテネスムスのうち1以上を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減が、腹部膨満感症状の減少を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 腹部膨満感症状の減少が、ベースライン症状からの減少である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 治療前にベースライン症状を確認する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減が、「過去7日間で、IBSの腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減がありましたか?」を含む質問をしたときの被験体からの「はい」との応答を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- IBS症状の十分な軽減が、IBSの腹部膨満感症状の十分な軽減を有したか否かを質問した場合の被験体からの肯定的な応答を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 女性でのIBSの治療方法であって、それを必要とする女性への治療上有効量のリファキシミンの投与を含む、前記方法。
- 被験体の性別の決定および女性被験体への治療上有効量の投与をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 女性でのIBSによる腹部膨満感の治療方法であって、それを必要とする女性への550mgのリファキシミンTIDの投与を含む、前記方法。
- 高齢被験者でのIBSの治療方法であって、それを必要とする高齢被験体に550mgのリファキシミンTIDを投与し、それにより高齢被験体でのIBSを治療することを含む、前記方法。
- 高齢被験体が、65歳以上の被験体を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 被験体でのIBSの治療方法であって、それを必要とする被験体への550mgのリファキシミンTIDの投与を含み、被験体の人種の決定をさらに含む、前記方法。
- 被験体が非白人であると決定される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- IBSを治療するためのキットであって、リファキシミンを含む容器および治療上有効量のリファキシミンの投与がIBSの治療をもたらすことが記載されたラベルを含む、前記キット。
- 前記ラベルが、年齢、性別または人種に基づくリファキシミンの処方に関する指示をさらに含む、請求項23に記載のキット。
- 皮膚または皮下組織障害を有する被験体の治療方法であって、
有効量のリファキシミンの被験体への投与
を含む、前記方法。 - 週間IBS包括的症状、週間IBS腹部膨満感症状、IBS一日症状評価、一日IBS包括的症状、一日IBS腹部膨満感症状、または一日IBS腹痛症状のうちいずれか1つの改善により、治療を判定する、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 過敏性腸症候群(IBS)に伴う腹痛の治療方法であって、
それを必要とする被験体への550mgのリファキシミンTIDの投与、
それによる過敏性腸症候群(IBS)の腹痛の治療
を含む、前記方法。 - IBSが下痢型IBSである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- IBSが交代型IBSである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- IBSの治療が、IBSの疼痛症状の治療を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- IBSの疼痛症状が腹痛を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- IBSの疼痛症状の治療が、疼痛の十分な軽減を含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 疼痛の十分な軽減が、疼痛症状の減少を含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 疼痛の減少が、ベースライン症状からの減少を含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 治療前にベースライン症状を確認する、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 20年を超える糖尿病既往歴を有する被験体が、リファキシミンを用いた治療に応答すると予測される、請求項1に記載の方法。
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US20200121653A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
EP2475392A4 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
US20130203795A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
AU2010292043A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
US20200206199A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
EP2475392A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
US20180243272A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
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