JP2012122287A - Fall prevention device and installation method for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fall prevention device and an installation method for the same in which fall of an upper structure of a bridge girder, a bridge or the like may be effectively suppressed even when an earthquake motion level exceeds level 2.SOLUTION: A fall prevention device comprises: a first connection member 42 connected to an upper structure 2; a second connection member 43 connected to a lower structure 3; and an energy absorption mechanism 5 disposed between the first connection member 42 and the second connection member 43. The energy absorption mechanism 5 includes: a first fixed part 52 disposed on the first connection member 42; a second fixed part 53 disposed on the second connection member 43; an energy absorbing member 51 connected to the first fixed part 52 and the second fixed part 53 and made of a material with a low yield point; and a connection member 54 into which the second connection member 43 is inserted and to which the first fixed part 52 is connected, and the connection member 54 has a joint gap in a space from the second fixed part 53 for allowing movement due to plastic deformation of the energy absorbing member 51.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fall prevention device for preventing an upper structure such as a bridge girder or a bridge from falling from a lower structure such as a pier or an abutment, and a method for installing the fall prevention device. It relates to the installation method.

  The occurrence of unexpected ground vibrations, destruction of surrounding ground, unpredicted vibrations of structural members, etc. may cause earthquake forces, displacements or deformations that exceed expectations to occur on land structures such as bridges and offshore structures. Even when such an unexpected situation occurs, it is necessary to prevent the upper structure such as the bridge girder and the bridge from falling from the lower structure such as the pier and the abutment, and various fall prevention devices have been proposed ( Patent Documents 1 to 3). In general, the fall prevention device for a bridge is referred to as a fall prevention device.

  For example, Patent Literature 1 includes a cylindrical member fixed to an end portion of a bridge girder, and a cylindrical buffer member that is accommodated in the cylindrical member and through which a connecting member is inserted. An inner peripheral tapered surface and an outer peripheral tapered surface are formed on the inner and outer periphery, an inner annular gap is formed between the inner peripheral tapered surface and the connecting member, and between the outer peripheral tapered surface and the inner periphery of the tubular member An outer annular gap is formed on the bridge member, and the shock-absorbing device is disclosed in which the shock-absorbing member can bulge in the radial direction by an impact force acting on the connecting member. In such a fallen bridge prevention device, a predetermined gap is formed in the buffer member, thereby enhancing the buffer effect of the buffer member and improving safety.

  Patent Document 2 includes a bracket provided at an end of a bridge girder and having an insertion hole through which a connection cable is inserted, and a stopper fixed to an end of the connection cable protruding from the bracket. A large number of disc spring-like members are fitted and arranged on the outer periphery of the connecting cable between the stopper and the adjacent ones in opposite directions, and the disc spring-like members are adjacent to each other. A fallen bridge prevention device is disclosed in which the outer peripheral edge that abuts is formed on a flat surface. Further, it is also disclosed that low yield point steel such as SS400 having a large extension after yielding is used for the disc spring-like member. Such a falling bridge prevention device is configured such that a coil spring acts during a normal earthquake with a small displacement of the bridge girder and a disc spring-like member acts during a large earthquake with a large displacement of the bridge girder. After reaching the yield point, the disc spring-like member plastically deforms to absorb the energy of the earthquake.

  Further, Patent Document 3 includes first and second connecting means for connecting the connection objects composed of the bridge girder and the bridge girder or the bridge girder and the substructure so as to be relatively displaceable on a vertical plane along the bridge axis. Disclosed is a bridge girder falling prevention device characterized in that the connecting means is mainly composed of a member having a small yield strength or yield point and a large elongation after yielding as compared with the first connecting means, and having a small allowable displacement range. Has been. In such a fallen bridge prevention device, when a large earthquake occurs, the second connecting means absorbs the seismic energy so that the connection state of the bridge girder can be reliably maintained.

Japanese Patent No. 3124500 Japanese Patent No. 4145196 JP 2002-294627 A

  By the way, in the seismic design of the bridge, according to the road bridge specifications, there is a high probability that the ground motion that is likely to occur during the service period of the bridge (Level 1 ground motion) and the probability that it will occur during the service period of the bridge is low but has high strength. It is said that the design ground motion at two levels of ground motion (level 2 ground motion) must be considered. In recent years, it has been considered preferable to consider a ground motion exceeding Level 2 ground motion (hereinafter referred to as “Level 3 ground motion” in the present specification) when designing a fall prevention device.

  However, although the fallen bridge preventing device described in Patent Document 1 can reduce the size of the device by improving the buffering force of the buffer member, it has not been configured to withstand Level 3 earthquake motion.

  Moreover, in the fallen bridge prevention device described in Patent Document 2, a structure that can absorb seismic energy and can withstand level 3 earthquake motion is provided by plastically deforming the disc spring-like member. A plurality of disc spring-shaped members must be arranged at the end, and the part arranged on the back of the bracket becomes long, and if there is no space on the bridge side, it is impossible to install a fall bridge prevention device There was a problem that.

  In addition, in the falling bridge prevention device described in Patent Document 3, the second connecting means having a small yield strength or yield point and a large elongation after yielding can absorb seismic energy and can withstand level 3 earthquake motion. Although provided, the second connecting means is exposed and exposed to wind and rain, so that there is a problem that rust is likely to occur and deterioration over time is rapid.

  Moreover, these problems described above are not limited to the fall-bridge prevention device, and can also occur in the fall-prevention device in land structures other than bridges and offshore structures.

  The present invention was devised in view of the above-mentioned problems, and a fall prevention device capable of effectively suppressing the fall of an upper structure such as a bridge girder or a bridge, even if the ground motion exceeds Level 2 ground motion, and It aims at providing the installation method.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a fall prevention device for preventing a fall of the upper structure from the lower structure, one end of which is connected to the upper structure and the other end of which is connected to the lower structure. A first connecting member; a second connecting member connected to the lower structure; and an energy absorbing mechanism disposed between the first connecting member and the second connecting member. A first fixing unit disposed at a front end of the first connecting member; a second fixing unit disposed at a front end of the second connecting member; connected to the first fixing unit and the second fixing unit. And the energy absorbing member formed of the low yield point material and one of the first connecting member and the second connecting member are inserted into the other end of the first connecting member or the second connecting member. In the first fixing unit or the second fixing unit A coupling member that is connected, and the coupling member has a gap between the first fixing unit and the second fixing unit incorporated in a connected state to allow movement due to plastic deformation of the energy absorbing member. A fall prevention device is provided that is formed.

  The coupling member may be inserted into the second coupling member and connected at the tip to the first fixing unit, and the gap may be formed between the coupling member and the second fixing unit built in the connected state. .

  The first fixing unit or the second fixing unit may have a polygonal cross section.

  The energy absorbing member may be a member that absorbs seismic energy by plastic deformation when a force corresponding to a seismic motion exceeding Level 2 seismic motion is applied. Further, the energy absorbing member may be a columnar member that is threaded so that the central portion is reduced in diameter and both end portions are reverse screws.

  The first coupling member or the second coupling member is connected to a buffer mechanism having a coil spring at the rear end thereof, and an earthquake motion exceeding a level 2 earthquake motion is generated by adjusting the length or elastic force of the coil spring. In such a case, a force capable of plastic deformation may be applied to the energy absorbing member when a ground motion of level 2 or lower is generated.

  The upper structure may be a bridge girder or a bridge, for example, and the lower structure may be a pier or an abutment, for example.

  Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a fall prevention device installation method for preventing a fall of the upper structure from the lower structure, wherein one end is connected to the upper structure and the other end is connected to the lower structure. A first connecting member connected to the structure, a second connecting member connected to the lower structure, and an energy absorbing mechanism disposed between the first connecting member and the second connecting member, A bracket that supports the first connecting member or the second connecting member is installed in the upper structure and the lower structure, and the first connecting member and the second connecting member are respectively connected to the bracket, and the energy absorbing mechanism By connecting the first connecting member and the second connecting member by connecting the first connecting member and the second connecting member to each other, there is provided a method for installing the fall prevention device.

  According to the above-described fall prevention device according to the present invention, the energy absorbing mechanism having the energy absorbing member formed of the low yield point material is disposed between the first connecting member and the second connecting member, so that the level 2 earthquake motion Even if the seismic motion exceeds 1, it is possible to effectively suppress the fall of the superstructure such as the bridge girder and the bridge by the plastic deformation of the energy absorbing member. Moreover, even if there is no space for drawing the connecting member into the upper structure or the lower structure, the fall prevention device can be easily installed. Further, by arranging the coupling member in the energy absorbing mechanism, the movement of the energy absorbing member at the time of plastic deformation or breaking can be restricted within a certain range, and the fall of the superstructure can be suppressed. In addition, the energy absorbing member can be protected from wind and rain, the generation of rust can be suppressed, and the progress of aging degradation can also be suppressed. In addition, during maintenance of the energy absorbing mechanism, it can be easily repaired by simply replacing the energy absorbing member.

  According to the above-described installation method of the fall prevention device according to the present invention, the first connecting member and the second connecting member are connected to the bracket, and the energy absorbing mechanism is connected to the first connecting member and the second connecting member. Since the first connecting member and the second connecting member are coupled, the fall prevention device can be easily attached even when there is no space to draw the connecting member into the upper structure or the lower structure. .

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fall prevention device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is an enlarged view of the energy absorption mechanism shown in FIG. 1, (a) is normal, (b) is at the time of plastic deformation, (c) has shown at the time of a fracture | rupture. It is a figure which shows the effect | action of the fall prevention apparatus shown in FIG. 1, (a) is normal, (b) is a level 1 earthquake motion, (c) is a level 2 earthquake motion, (d) is a level 3 earthquake motion, Is shown. It is a figure which shows the fall prevention apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention, (a) is 2nd embodiment, (b) is 3rd embodiment, (c) has shown 4th embodiment. It is a figure which shows the installation method of the fall prevention apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (a) is a bracket installation process, (b) is a connection member connection process, (c) is an energy absorption member connection process, (d) is The coupling member connection process is shown.

  Hereinafter, 1st embodiment which concerns on the fall prevention apparatus of this invention is described using FIGS. 1-3. Here, FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the fall prevention device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the energy absorbing mechanism shown in FIG. 1, wherein (a) shows normal time, (b) shows plastic deformation, and (c) shows breakage. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the operation of the fall prevention device shown in FIG. 1, where (a) is normal, (b) is during level 1 earthquake motion, (c) is during level 2 earthquake motion, and (d) is level. 3 shows the time of earthquake motion.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fall prevention device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention has one end connected to the upper structure 2 and the other end connected to the lower structure 3. A fall prevention device for preventing a fall from the structure 3, the first connection member 42 connected to the upper structure 2, the second connection member 43 connected to the lower structure 3, the first connection member 42 and the first connection member 42. An energy absorbing mechanism 5 disposed between the two connecting members 43, and the energy absorbing mechanism 5 includes a first fixing unit 52 disposed at the tip of the first connecting member 42 and a second connecting member 43. The second fixing portion 53 disposed at the tip of the first fixing portion 52, the energy absorbing member 51 connected to the first fixing portion 52 and the second fixing portion 53 and formed of a low yield point material, and the second connecting member 43. And a coupling member 54 whose tip is connected to the first fixing unit 52; Provided, coupling member 54, Joint Gap 55 to allow movement due to plastic deformation of the energy absorbing member 51 between the second fixing portion 53 having a built-in connected state is formed.

  The upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 are, for example, generic names of structures that constitute land structures such as bridges and offshore structures, and have a positional relationship in which the upper structure 2 is disposed on the lower structure 3. . Hereinafter, the case where the fall prevention device 1 is a fall bridge prevention device will be described. That is, in the following description, the upper structure 2 means a bridge girder, a bridge, or the like, and the lower structure 3 means a pier, an abutment, or the like. The fall prevention device 1 limits the movement of the upper structure 2 during an earthquake by connecting the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 with the connecting member 4 (the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43). The fall from the lower structure 3 is prevented. In particular, the fall prevention device 1 according to the present embodiment works effectively when a seismic motion exceeding a level 2 seismic motion, that is, a level 3 seismic motion occurs.

Between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, in addition to the fall prevention device 1, a support 32, an expansion device 33, a displacement limiting device 34, and the like that mainly absorb energy from an earthquake of a level 2 earthquake or less are disposed. There are many cases. The lower structure 3 has a support surface 3a on which the upper structure 2 is placed and a wall surface 3b formed along the side surface of the upper structure 2, and a rubber support 32 is disposed on the support surface 3a. The upper structure 2 is placed on the support 32. An expansion / contraction device 33 is disposed between the wall surface 3b and the upper structure 2. The energy of the superstructure 2 during an earthquake is absorbed by the distortion of the support 32 and the expansion / contraction of the expansion / contraction device 33. Further, a displacement limiting device 34 is also disposed on the support surface 3a. The displacement limiting device 34 is formed by inserting a steel bar erected on the support surface 3 a into a recess formed on the bottom surface of the upper structure 2. The displacement limiting device 34 physically restrains the movement of the superstructure 2 by pressing the steel bar against the wall of the recess. You may make it arrange | position the level | step difference prevention member for eliminating the drop of the upper structure 2 produced when the support 32 destroys to the support surface 3a. Also referred to the length of the locking portion of the upper structure 2 and a lower structure 3 (locking length) and digit takes length S _E.

  The first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43 constitute a connecting member 4 that connects the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3. The connecting member 4 is, for example, a PC cable. The PC cable is a steel wire used as a tension material for a prestressed concrete structure. Note that the connecting member 4 may be a steel bar, a chain, or the like. In the conventional connecting member, one end of one PC cable is connected to the upper structure 2 and the other end is connected to the lower structure 3. However, the connecting member 4 of this embodiment is connected to the upper structure 2. It is divided into a first connecting member 42 and a second connecting member 43 connected to the lower structure 3.

  An upper bracket 21 is installed on the upper structure 2, and a lower bracket 31 is installed on the lower structure 3. The first connecting member 42 is connected to the upper bracket 21, and the second connecting member 43 is connected to the lower bracket 31. As for the upper bracket 21 and the lower bracket 31, those conventionally used can be used as they are. For example, the upper bracket 21 and the lower bracket 31 may be formed in a box shape surrounding the outer periphery of the connecting member 4. 4 may be provided. In addition, about the anchor which fixes the upper bracket 21 and the lower bracket 31 to the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, the figure is abbreviate | omitted.

  In FIG. 1, the upper bracket 21 is installed at the bottom of the upper structure 2 and the lower bracket 31 is installed at the side surface of the lower structure 3, but the upper bracket 21 is installed at the side surface of the upper structure 2. Alternatively, the upper bracket 21 and the lower bracket 31 may be installed at positions that are substantially horizontal.

  The first connecting member 42 is inserted through a through-hole formed in the vertical plate 21a disposed substantially perpendicular to the connecting member 4 in the upper bracket 21, and the buffer mechanism 6 disposed on the back surface of the vertical plate 21a. And is fixed by a nut 7. The buffer mechanism 6 includes a buffer material 61 formed of rubber or the like, a pressure stop plate 62 connected to the back surface of the buffer material 61, a coil spring 63 disposed on the back surface of the pressure stop plate 62, and the positions of the coil springs 63. It has the stop member 64 to fix and the protective cover 65 which covers these. Each component constituting the buffer mechanism 6 is inserted into the rear end of the first connecting member 42 and fixed by the nut 7. With the buffer mechanism 6, it is possible to mitigate the impact that occurs when the first connecting member 42 moves in the axial direction. In particular, the coil spring 63 acts on a large movement of the connecting member 4, and the cushioning material 61 acts on an impact when the coil spring 63 is compressed.

  The second connecting member 43 is inserted through a through hole formed in the vertical plate 31a arranged substantially perpendicular to the connecting member 4 in the lower bracket 31, and the buffer mechanism 8 arranged on the back surface of the vertical plate 31a. And is fixed by a nut 9. The shock-absorbing mechanism 8 includes a shock-absorbing material 81 formed of rubber or the like, a pressure-stop plate 82 connected to the back surface of the buffer-material 81, and a stop member 83 that fixes the position of the pressure-stop plate 82. Each component constituting the buffer mechanism 8 is inserted into the rear end of the second connecting member 43 and fixed by the nut 9. With the buffer mechanism 6, it is possible to mitigate the impact that occurs when the first connecting member 42 moves in the axial direction. In general, the coil spring 63 may be disposed on either the buffer mechanism 6 or the buffer mechanism 8 and is often disposed on the upper bracket 21 side. A protective cover may be disposed on the buffer mechanism 8.

  The energy absorbing mechanism 5 is a mechanism that is arranged to couple the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2A, the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43 are coupled by the energy absorbing member 51. A first fixing unit 52 is connected to the tip of the first connecting member 42, and a second fixing unit 53 is connected to the tip of the second connecting member 43. The first fixing unit 52 and the second fixing unit 53 may be rotatably connected to the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43, respectively. By connecting the first fixing unit 52 and the second fixing unit 53 rotatably, it is possible to suppress twisting of the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43 when connecting the energy absorbing member 51. .

  The first fixing portion 52 has a substantially cylindrical shape having a larger diameter than the first connecting member 42, a recess 52a formed at the tip, a screw hole 52b formed at the bottom of the recess 52a, and an outer periphery of the tip. And a screw thread 52c formed on the surface. The energy absorbing member 51 is inserted into the recess 52a, the energy absorbing member 51 is screwed into the screw hole 52b, and the coupling member 54 is screwed into the screw thread 52c. In addition, the recessed part 52a is formed in order to shorten the full length of the energy absorption mechanism 5, and may be abbreviate | omitted as needed.

  The second fixing portion 53 has a substantially cylindrical shape having a diameter larger than that of the second connecting member 43, and a screw hole 53a is formed on the tip surface. The energy absorbing member 51 is screwed into the screw hole 53a. A recess similar to the recess 52a of the first fixing unit 52 may be formed at the tip of the second fixing unit 53 as necessary.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the energy absorbing member 51 is a columnar member having a reduced diameter at the center and screwed at both ends. The first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43 are coupled by screwing one end of the energy absorbing member 51 to the first fixing unit 52 and screwing the other end to the second fixing unit 53. One connecting member 4 is formed.

  The energy absorbing member 51 is formed of a low yield point material such as a low yield point steel or an aluminum alloy. The low yield point material is a metal having a lower yield point than the general structural rolled steel and welded structural rolled steel. In particular, the low yield point steel is a steel material close to pure iron in which additive elements are reduced as much as possible, and is a steel material having a lower strength and a higher ductility than conventional mild steel. By disposing the low yield point material having such properties in the intermediate portion of the connecting member 4, as shown in FIG. 2B, the energy absorbing member is provided between the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43. 51 can be plastically deformed to act as a damper and absorb seismic energy. The energy absorption amount of the energy absorbing member 51 can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the material and the shape and size of the cross section. For example, the energy absorbing member 51 is adjusted so as to be plastically deformed when an earthquake motion exceeding Level 2 earthquake motion occurs. Is done. That is, the energy absorbing member 51 is a member that absorbs seismic energy by plastic deformation when a force corresponding to the occurrence of seismic motion exceeding Level 2 seismic motion is applied.

  The coupling member 54 is a part that acts as a protective cover for the energy absorbing member 51 and also serves as a stopper for the energy absorbing member 51. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2A, the coupling member 54 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and is disposed at the rear end with a threaded portion 54a formed on the inner peripheral surface of the front end. A bottom portion 54c having an opening 54b through which the connecting member 4 can be inserted. A screw thread 52c of the first fixing unit 52 is screwed into the screw cutting part 54a, and the second connecting member 43 is inserted into the opening part 54b. The diameter of the opening 54 b is larger than the diameter of the second connecting member 43 and smaller than the diameter of the second fixing portion 53.

  With such a configuration, the energy absorbing member 51 can be disposed inside the coupling member 54 and can be prevented from being exposed to wind and rain, and the occurrence of rusting and aging deterioration of the energy absorbing member 51 can be suppressed. it can. Further, since the second connecting member 43 is inserted into the opening 54b of the coupling member 54, the opening 54b can be arranged so as to face downward, and foreign matter (sand, dust, etc.) or the coupling member 54 can be disposed. Or the penetration | invasion into the coupling member 54 of the rain dew which flows along the surface of the connection member 4 can be suppressed. Note that a rust preventive paint may be applied to the surface of the energy absorbing member 51.

  Further, the coupling member 54 has a gap 55 between the bottom portion 54 c and the second fixing portion 53. The clearance 55 allows movement of the energy absorbing member 51 due to plastic deformation as shown in FIG. Further, for example, when the energy absorbing member 51 is broken, as shown in FIG. 2C, the second fixing portion 53 comes into contact with the bottom portion 54c, and further movement of the second fixing portion 53 is restricted. Then, cutting of the connecting member 4 (separation between the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43) is prevented. Even when the energy absorbing member 51 extends without breaking, the second fixing portion 53 can be in contact with the bottom portion 54c and the movement of the second fixing portion 53 can be restricted.

The length L of the clearance 55 is set to be 0.75 times or less the girder length S _E (locking length) of the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, for example. Thus, by designing the Joint Gap 55 so as to satisfy the condition L ≦ 0.75 × S _E, even if the second fixing portion 53 is in contact with the bottom 54c, on a support surface 3a while leaving a margin of 0.25 × S _E based on specifications for highway bridges, it is possible to prevent relative movement between the upper structure 2 and a lower structure 3, to suppress the drop of the lower structure 3 of the superstructure 2 it can.

  Here, the effect | action of the fall prevention apparatus 1 mentioned above is demonstrated, referring FIG. FIG. 3A shows a normal time when no earthquake occurs. In such a normal time, a large load is not generated in the fall prevention device 1, and the energy absorbing member 51 is not plastically deformed as shown in FIG. For convenience of explanation, the position of the upper structure 2 in the normal direction in the bridge axis direction X is defined as the origin (0 point).

FIG. 3B shows a state where level 1 earthquake motion has occurred. Level 1 ground motions correspond to so-called small and medium-sized earthquakes. When level 1 earthquake motion occurs, the seismic energy is absorbed mainly by the support 32, the expansion / contraction device 33, and the displacement limiting device 34. Specifically, as shown in the drawing, the support 32 is distorted by the seismic energy, the expansion / contraction device 33 expands / contracts, and the steel rod of the displacement limiting device 34 is pressed against the upper structure 2, and the seismic energy is absorbed by these actions. The Further, in the fall prevention device 1, the displacement X ₁ and the impact caused by the earthquake shake are mainly absorbed by the coil spring 63 of the buffer mechanism 6.

FIG. 3C shows a state where level 2 earthquake motion has occurred. Level 2 ground motion corresponds to a so-called large-scale earthquake. When level 2 earthquake motion occurs, the seismic energy is absorbed mainly by the support 32, the displacement limiting device 34 and the fall prevention device 1. Specifically, as shown in the figure, the support 32 is greatly distorted (may be broken in some cases) by the seismic energy, the telescopic device 33 is broken, and the steel rod of the displacement limiting device 34 is pressed against the superstructure 2. As a result, the connecting member 4 of the fall prevention device 1 is strained between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, and the seismic energy is absorbed by these actions. At this time, the shock and displacement X ₂ generated in the fall prevention device 1 are absorbed by the buffer mechanisms 6 and 8. Further, in an earthquake of level 2 or less, the energy absorbing member 51 is not plastically deformed. Therefore, in the state of FIG.

  FIG. 3D shows a state in which a level 3 earthquake motion exceeding a level 2 earthquake motion has occurred. When a level 3 earthquake motion occurs, the earthquake energy is mainly absorbed by the fall prevention device 1. As shown in the drawing, the support 32 and the displacement limiting device 34 as well as the telescopic device 33 are destroyed by the seismic energy, and the upper structure 2 slides down on the support surface 3 a of the lower structure 3. Then, the energy absorption mechanism 5 of the fall prevention device 1 acts so that the upper structure 2 does not fall from the support surface 3a of the lower structure 3. That is, when a level 3 earthquake motion occurs, the energy absorbing member 51 plastically deforms and absorbs seismic energy as shown in FIG.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2C, the energy absorbing member 51 moves in the coupling member 54 within the range of the length L of the gap 55, and when it moves by the length L, the second fixing is performed. The portion 53 comes into contact with the bottom portion 54c of the coupling member 54, and movement is restricted. Accordingly, connecting member 4 is configured to maintain the length L extended state of the Joint Gap 55, limiting the movement of the bridge axis direction X of the upper structure 2 (horizontal direction) to the displacement X ₃ Can do. Here, according to the specifications for highway _bridges, it is designed to be _{(S E -X 3) ≧ 0.25} × S E. Accordingly, the length L of the clearance 55 is set to be 0.75 × S _E or less, and preferably, the length projected in the bridge axis direction X is set to be 0.75 × S _E or less. More preferably, the length projected in the bridge axis direction X is set to be (0.75 × S _E −X ₂ ) or less.

  In the fall prevention device 1 according to the present embodiment, the energy absorbing mechanism 5 having the energy absorbing member 51 formed of a low yield point material is disposed between the connecting members 4 (the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43). As a result, even if the level 3 seismic motion exceeds the level 2 seismic motion, the upper structure 2 can be effectively prevented from falling due to the plastic deformation of the energy absorbing member 51.

  In the first embodiment described above, the energy absorbing member 51 is a member that absorbs seismic energy by plastic deformation when a force corresponding to the occurrence of seismic motion exceeding Level 2 seismic motion is applied. As shown in (d), the energy absorbing member 51 is adjusted so as to be plastically deformed when an earthquake motion exceeding the level 2 earthquake motion occurs.

  By the way, the force acting on the energy absorbing member 51 can be changed by adjusting the length or elastic force of the coil spring 63. For example, the length of the coil spring 63 is changed by tightening the nut 7 shown in the first embodiment, the coil spring 63 is changed to a shorter length, or more elastic than the coil spring 63 shown in the first embodiment. By changing to a low force, it is possible to apply a high load to the energy absorbing member 51 in a state where the shock absorbing mechanism 6 becomes ineffective at an early stage. Therefore, even when a ground motion of level 2 or less is generated, a force corresponding to the case where a ground motion exceeding the level 2 seismic motion is generated can be applied to the energy absorbing member 51 to cause plastic deformation. Can do.

  As described above, when the energy absorbing member 51 can be plastically deformed when a seismic motion of level 2 or lower, the seismic energy can be absorbed from an earlier stage. 33, a part of the displacement limiting device 34 or the like can be omitted, or downsized or simplified, or the breakage of the support 32, the expansion / contraction device 33, the displacement limiting device 34, or the like due to earthquake motion can be suppressed.

  That is, in the fall prevention device 1 according to the present embodiment, the buffer mechanism 6 including the coil spring 63 is connected to the rear end of the first connecting member 42, and by adjusting the length or elastic force of the coil spring 63, A force capable of plastic deformation is applied to the energy absorbing member 51 when a ground motion exceeding the level 2 ground motion or a ground motion below the level 2 ground motion occurs.

  Next, another embodiment according to the fall prevention device 1 of the present invention will be described. Here, FIG. 4 is a figure which shows the fall prevention apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention, (a) is 2nd embodiment, (b) is 3rd embodiment, (c) is 4th embodiment. Form. In addition, about the same component as 1st embodiment mentioned above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, the energy absorption mechanism 5 is turned upside down. That is, the first fixing unit 52 in the first embodiment is changed to the second fixing unit 53 in the second embodiment, and the second fixing unit 53 in the first embodiment is changed to the first fixing unit 52 in the second embodiment. Changed to Therefore, the fall prevention device 1 according to the second embodiment includes the coupling member 54 that is inserted through the first coupling member 42 and whose tip is connected to the second fixing portion 53, and the coupling member 54 is built in a connected state. In other words, the clearance 55 that allows the energy absorbing member 51 to move by plastic deformation is formed between the first fixing portion 52 and the first fixing portion 52. Even with this configuration, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained from the viewpoint of energy absorption.

  However, in the second embodiment, since the first connecting member 42 is inserted into the opening 54b (not shown) of the coupling member 54, the opening 54b is arranged in an upward direction. In order to prevent foreign matter (sand, dust, etc.) or rain dew flowing along the surface of the coupling member 54 or the coupling member 4 from entering the coupling member 54, or even if foreign matter or rain dew enters the coupling member 54 It is preferable to add a means for preventing the absorbing member 51 from deteriorating. For example, a shield such as an umbrella may be arranged on the first connecting member 42, or the shape of the opening 54b may be devised to make it difficult for foreign matter or water droplets to enter, A rust preventive paint may be applied to the surface of the energy absorbing member 51 or the inner surface of the coupling member 54, or a low yield point material having excellent rust resistance may be used.

  In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4B, the cross section of the first fixing portion 52 in the first embodiment is formed in a polygon. Specifically, the cross section of the first fixing unit 52 is formed in a hexagonal shape. With this configuration, when the energy absorbing member 51 is screwed to the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43 at the site, the first fixing unit 52 can be easily tightened with a tool. In particular, it is effective in the case of the large-diameter connecting member 4 (for example, a PC cable having a diameter of 50 to 60 mm or more). The polygon is not limited to a hexagon, and the second fixing unit 53 may be formed in a polygonal cross section, or one or both of the first fixing unit 52 and the second fixing unit 53. May be formed in a polygonal cross section.

  In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4C, the energy absorbing member 51 is threaded so that both ends thereof are reverse screws. With such a configuration, the energy absorbing member 51 can be easily screwed to both the first fixing unit 52 and the second fixing unit 53 only by rotating in one direction. In particular, it is effective in the case of the large-diameter connecting member 4 (for example, a PC cable having a diameter of 50 to 60 mm or more).

  Next, an embodiment according to the installation method of the fall prevention device of the present invention will be described. Here, FIG. 5 is a figure which shows the installation method of the fall prevention apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (a) is a bracket installation process, (b) is a connection member connection process, (c) is an energy absorption member. A connection process, (d) shows a connecting member connection process. In addition, about the same component as the fall prevention apparatus 1 mentioned above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The method of installing the fall prevention device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is a fall prevention in which one end is connected to the upper structure 2 and the other end is connected to the lower structure 3 to prevent the upper structure 2 from dropping from the lower structure 3. A method for installing the apparatus 1, which includes a first connecting member 42 connected to the upper structure 2, a second connecting member 43 connected to the lower structure 3, and between the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43. The bracket (the upper bracket 21 and the lower bracket 31) for supporting the first connecting member 42 or the second connecting member 43 is installed in the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, The first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43 are connected to brackets (the upper bracket 21 and the lower bracket 31), respectively, and the energy absorbing mechanism 5 is connected to the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43. The first connecting member 42 and second coupling member 43 attached by mounting the fall prevention device 1 to the upper structure 2 and a lower structure 3.

  Specifically, the installation method of the fall prevention device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a bracket installation process, a connecting member connection process, an energy absorbing member connection process, as shown in FIGS. And a connecting member connecting step.

  In the bracket installation step shown in FIG. 5A, the upper bracket 21 that supports the first connecting member 42 is installed in the upper structure 2, and the lower bracket 31 that supports the second connecting member 43 is installed in the lower structure 3. It is a process. In addition, the figure of the anchor which fixes the upper bracket 21 and the lower bracket 31 is abbreviate | omitted.

  The connecting member connecting step shown in FIG. 5B is a step of connecting the first connecting member 42 to the upper bracket 21 and connecting the second connecting member 43 to the lower bracket 31. The first connecting member 42 is inserted into the vertical plate 21a of the upper bracket 21 from the lower bracket 31 side, and is fixed to the upper bracket 21 by the buffer mechanism 6 disposed on the back surface of the vertical plate 21a. A first fixing portion 52 is formed in advance at the tip of the first connecting member 42.

  Similarly, the second connecting member 43 is inserted into the vertical plate 31a of the lower bracket 31 from the upper bracket 21 side, and is fixed to the lower bracket 31 by the buffer mechanism 8 disposed on the back surface of the vertical plate 31a. A second fixing portion 53 is formed in advance at the tip of the second connecting member 43, and a coupling member 54 is inserted through the second connecting member 43.

  The energy absorbing member connecting step shown in FIG. 5C is a step of connecting the energy absorbing member 51 to the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43. One end of the energy absorbing member 51 is screwed to the first fixing portion 52, and the other end is screwed to the second fixing portion 53. Through this process, the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43 are combined to form one connecting member 4.

  The connecting member connecting step shown in FIG. 5D is a step of connecting the connecting member 54 to the first fixing unit 52. The tip of the coupling member 54 is screwed into the tip of the first fixing unit 52. By this process, the energy absorbing mechanism 5 is configured, and the installation of the fall prevention device 1 is completed.

  In general, in the fall prevention device 1 using one PC cable, one end of the PC cable is drawn from the inside of the upper bracket 21 and the other end of the PC cable is inserted from the inside of the lower bracket 31, so that one PC is inserted. The cable is inserted into both the upper bracket 21 and the lower bracket 31 and then fixed. With such an installation method, there is a problem that the fall prevention device 1 cannot be installed when there is no space on the upper structure 2 side.

  However, in the fall prevention device 1 described above, the energy absorbing mechanism 5 is disposed between the connecting members 4, and the connecting member 4 is configured to be separable into the first connecting member 42 and the second connecting member 43. The energy absorbing mechanism 5 can be divided into two parts, an upper side and a lower side. Therefore, even if there is no space for drawing the connecting member 4 into the upper structure 2 or the lower structure 3, the fall prevention device 1 can be easily installed.

  Further, in the fall prevention device 1 described above, since the energy absorbing mechanism 5 is disposed between the connecting members 4, the buffer mechanisms 6, 8, etc. can be disassembled during maintenance of the deteriorated or used energy absorbing mechanism 5. Instead, it is only necessary to remove the coupling member 54 and replace the energy absorbing member 51, and repair can be easily performed.

  In addition, when there is a spatial allowance for drawing the connecting member 4 into the upper structure 2 or the lower structure 3, even in the above-described fall prevention device 1, the energy absorbing mechanism 5 is connected to the first connecting member 42 and the first structure in advance. After connecting to the two connecting members 43 and integrating the connecting members 4, the connecting members 4 may be installed on the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 by a conventional installation method.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such as being applicable to land structures other than bridges and offshore structures. is there.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fall prevention apparatus 2 Upper structure 3 Lower structure 4 Connection member 5 Energy absorption mechanism 6, 8 Buffer mechanism 21 Upper bracket 31 Lower bracket 42 First connection member 43 Second connection member 51 Energy absorption member 52 First fixing part 53 First Two fixing portions 54 Coupling member 55 Spacing 63 Coil spring

Further, according to the present invention, one end is connected to the superstructure, the other end is connected to the lower structure, a mounting method of the fall prevention device for preventing the falling from the lower structure of the upper structure, said drop The prevention device is the fall prevention device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a bracket that supports the first connection member or the second connection member is installed in the upper structure and the lower structure, The first connecting member and the second connecting member are connected to the bracket, respectively, and the energy absorbing mechanism is connected to the first connecting member and the second connecting member, whereby the first connecting member and the second connecting member are connected. There is provided a method of installing a fall prevention device characterized in that members are joined.

According to the above-described method for installing the fall prevention device according to the present invention , in the above-described fall prevention device according to the present invention, the first coupling member and the second coupling member are each connected to the bracket, and the energy absorption mechanism is coupled to the first coupling member. Since the first connecting member and the second connecting member are joined by connecting to the member and the second connecting member, even if there is no space to draw the connecting member into the upper structure or the lower structure. The fall prevention device can be easily attached.

Claims (8)

One end is connected to the upper structure, the other end is connected to the lower structure, and the fall prevention device prevents the upper structure from falling from the lower structure,
A first connecting member connected to the upper structure, a second connecting member connected to the lower structure, and an energy absorbing mechanism disposed between the first connecting member and the second connecting member. And
The energy absorbing mechanism includes a first fixing unit disposed at a front end of the first connecting member, a second fixing unit disposed at a front end of the second connecting member, the first fixing unit, and the first fixing unit. An energy absorbing member connected to the two fixing portions and formed of a low yield point material, and inserted into one of the first connecting member or the second connecting member and the tip is the first connecting member or the second connecting member A coupling member connected to the first fixing unit or the second fixing unit disposed on the other side of
The gap between the coupling member and the first fixing unit or the second fixing unit incorporated in a connected state is allowed to allow movement due to plastic deformation of the energy absorbing member.
A fall prevention device characterized by that.   The coupling member is inserted into the second connecting member, and a tip is connected to the first fixing unit, and the gap is formed between the coupling member and the second fixing unit built in the connected state. The fall prevention device according to claim 1.   The fall prevention device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first fixing unit or the second fixing unit has a polygonal cross section.   The energy absorbing member is a member that absorbs seismic energy by plastic deformation when a force corresponding to a seismic motion exceeding Level 2 seismic motion is applied. 4. The fall prevention device according to any one of 3 above.   The said energy absorption member is a columnar member screwed so that a center part may be reduced in diameter and both ends may become a reverse screw, The Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. Fall prevention device.   The first coupling member or the second coupling member is connected to a buffer mechanism having a coil spring at the rear end thereof, and an earthquake motion exceeding a level 2 earthquake motion is generated by adjusting the length or elastic force of the coil spring. Or a force that can be plastically deformed is applied to the energy absorbing member when an earthquake motion of level 2 or less is generated. 6. The fall prevention apparatus as described in.   The fall prevention device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the upper structure is a bridge girder or a bridge, and the lower structure is a pier or an abutment. One end is connected to the upper structure, the other end is connected to the lower structure, and a method for installing the fall prevention device for preventing the upper structure from falling from the lower structure,
A first connecting member connected to the upper structure, a second connecting member connected to the lower structure, and an energy absorbing mechanism disposed between the first connecting member and the second connecting member. And
A bracket that supports the first connection member or the second connection member is installed in the upper structure and the lower structure,
Connecting each of the first connecting member and the second connecting member to the bracket;
Coupling the first coupling member and the second coupling member by connecting the energy absorbing mechanism to the first coupling member and the second coupling member;
A method of installing the fall prevention device characterized by the above.