JP2010508674A - 電子サイクロトロン共鳴による非晶質膜の蒸着 - Google Patents
電子サイクロトロン共鳴による非晶質膜の蒸着 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013080 microcrystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C23C16/24—Deposition of silicon only
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Abstract
【選択図】図3a
Description
ここでmとeはそれぞれ質量と電子の電荷である。
SiH4/m2(sccm/m2):標準cm3/分でのシランの流動速度(SiH4の注入速度)、分散されたプラズマ源の面積で、つまり、0.0702m2で割ることにより正規化。
滞留時間:容器内での前駆ガスの滞留時間、ミリ秒単位で表す。滞留時間の定義は以下にてより詳細に説明している。
MW/ガス(W/sccm):マイクロ波電力(W単位)、マイクロ波電力を標準cm3/分でのシランの流動速度で割ることにより正規化。
RFバイアス(ボルト):基板への印加バイアス、つまり、印加した高周波バイアス電圧を用いて得られた直流バイアス。
温度(C):℃単位で表す基板の基準温度。サンプル18−24では表面温度を正確に示す。サンプル1−17では基板保持部材の温度を示し、熱的接触が悪いため基板表面温度は基板保持部材よりも50−75℃低いと考えられる。
Pgas(mTorr):mTorr単位で表す容器内のガス圧(1mTorr=0.1333Pa)。
Pplasma(mTorr):mTorr単位で表すプラズマが存在する中でのガス圧。
あらさ(Å):上記の方法により分光偏光解析法を用いて測定したÅ単位で表す蒸着した膜表面のあらさ。
速度(Å/s):秒当たりのÅ(厚さ)で表す膜の蒸着速度。
εi(max):膜の誘電率εのモデル化した虚部の最大値εi(max)であり、材料密度と密接に関連し、Tauc-Lorentzモデルを使用して上述の分光偏光解析法で測定した密度の変化は空隙容量の変化による(εiは波長によって変化するため、最大値を引用しており、最大値は種々の異なる波長で存在できる)。
Eg(eV):上述の分光偏光解析法で測定したeV(電子ボルト)単位での材料バンドギャップ。
C:上述の分光偏光解析法で測定した膜材料のマトリックス不規則係数。
Ld(nm):nm単位で表す少数キャリア分散距離。
IF0:膜の光伝導性と暗伝導度との比率である照度率。
シグマフォト(1/ohm.cm):(ohm.cm)-1単位で表す、未較正だが一定の白色光照明のもとで測定した膜の光伝導性。
−これはより広域波長の入射光の吸収を意味するため、発電用途には小さなバンドギャップが必要である。
−通常、小さなバンドギャップは膜の水素含有量が少ない場合に伴い、膜の安定性にプラスの効果がある。
−この特性は膜密度の間接的な測定値である。値が大きいほど膜密度が高い。
−試験中の動作条件において、プラズマは高マイクロ波出力のシラン・デプレッションモード(depletion mode)で動作し、蒸着速度はシランの流動速度に正比例する。
−バイアスされた膜の電子的品質の尺度である。
−通常、照射中、より優れた材料はより大きな伝導度を示すが、広い電界によって電荷捕獲の効果が消滅する場合もある。
−アモルファス材料の場合、値が大きいほど材料は優れている。
−この場合、層の焼きなましの前に測定され、従って焼きなましによって消えることもある欠陥の存在の影響を受けやすい。
−これは2つに分割した偏光レーザービームでサンプルを照射することからなる。いずれのビームも、平行に分極した場合に干渉格子を生じ、垂直に分極した場合に均一な照射を生じてサンプル内で干渉する。
−同時二極性拡散距離は、格子周期と入射角を変える際に、「干渉」および「均一」照射光伝導性物質の比率から導く。
材料密度
膜密度は、膜の誘電率の虚部の最大値(εi(max))を媒介して測定された。図5に示すように、εi(max)、従って膜密度はガス滞留時間の減少と共に増加する。温度も影響を及ぼし、基板温度を上げると材料密度を高くする傾向がある。しかし、調べた範囲内において、ガス滞留時間が最も重要な役割を果たし、可能な限り高い材料密度を得るためには短い滞留時間がより好ましい。
材料の電気特性は、少数キャリア拡散距離(Ld)等の電荷搬送特性を見ることによりまたは光伝導性を暗伝導性(照度率、IF0と称される)と比較することにより推定できる。図6および7からわかるように、いずれの場合も、これらの特性は実質的にガス滞留時間の影響を受けている。
上述の特性について、面積正規化ガス流動速度とガス滞留時間とは相互作用を示さない。これは、良好な材料品質を得るためにそれぞれを別々に設定できることを意味する。しかし、これは全ての特性について当てはまるわけではないことが判り、いくつかの特性は前駆ガス流動速度および前駆ガス滞留時間の両方と相互依存関係を有する。これは、表面あらさおよびマトリックス不規則性パラメータに関して当てはまる。
Claims (13)
- 定義された容量を有する容器内に基板を配置することと、
ある流動速度で膜用前駆ガスを前記容器内に連続して導入することと、
前記容器内を低圧にすべく前記容器から未反応および解離ガスを抽出することと、
分散型電子サイクロトロン共鳴(DECR)によりプラズマを前記容器内で生成すべく前記プラズマから材料を前記基板上に蒸着するために前記容器内のガスにマイクロ波エネルギーを導入すること
を備えるプラズマからの蒸着により基板上に非晶質材料の膜を形成する方法であって、
前記前駆ガス流動速度を分散したプラズマソースの面積で割ったものとして定義している前記正規化した前駆ガスの流動速度は700sccm/m2以上であり、前記反応装置の前記容量を前記有効前駆ガスポンピング速度で割ったものとして定義している前記ガス滞留時間は30ms以下である
方法。 - 前記蒸着した膜が水素化非晶質シリコンである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記膜用前駆ガスが水素化珪素を含む請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記膜用前駆ガスがSiH4を含む請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記蒸着された膜がアモルファスシリコン合金である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記プラズマが二次元ネットワークを形成するように配置されている装置で生成されている請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プラズマがマトリックスDECRで生成されている請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記容器内の前記圧力が10-4Paと1Paの間である請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記圧力が少なくとも10-2Paである請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記圧力が2x10-1Pa以下である請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- 無線周波数発生器から前記基板に直流バイアス電圧を印加している請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記正規化した前駆ガスの流動速度が少なくとも1000、好ましくは少なくとも1500、より好ましくは2000、さらにより好ましくは2500sccm/m2である請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ガス滞留時間が28msより短い、好ましくは25msより短い、より好ましくは22msより短い請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の方法。
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EP06301113A EP1921178A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2006-11-02 | Film deposition of amorphous films by electron cyclotron resonance |
PCT/EP2007/009308 WO2008052708A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2007-10-26 | Film deposition of amorphous films by electron cyclotron resonance |
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EP (1) | EP1921178A1 (ja) |
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EP1918967B1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2013-12-25 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of forming a film by deposition from a plasma |
EP1918414A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-07 | Dow Corning Corporation | Film deposition of amorphous films with a graded bandgap by electron cyclotron resonance |
EP1923483A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-21 | Dow Corning Corporation | Deposition of amorphous silicon films by electron cyclotron resonance |
EP1918966A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-07 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method for forming a film with a graded bandgap by deposition of an amorphous material from a plasma |
EP1918965A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-07 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming a film by deposition from a plasma |
EP1919264A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-07 | Dow Corning Corporation | Device for forming a film by deposition from a plasma |
FR3096058B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-15 | 2021-06-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de depôt chimique en phase vapeur presentant des zones de depôt reconfigurables |
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JP3197036B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-14 | 2001-08-13 | 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 | 結晶質シリコン薄膜の形成方法 |
CA2102948C (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1998-10-27 | Keishi Saito | Photoelectric conversion element and power generation system using the same |
FR2702119B1 (fr) * | 1993-02-25 | 1995-07-13 | Metal Process | Dispositif d'excitation d'un plasma à la résonance cyclotronique électronique par l'intermédiaire d'un applicateur filaire d'un champ micro-onde et d'un champ magnétique statique. |
FR2726729B1 (fr) * | 1994-11-04 | 1997-01-31 | Metal Process | Dispositif de production d'un plasma permettant une dissociation entre les zones de propagation et d'absorption des micro-ondes |
FR2797372B1 (fr) | 1999-08-04 | 2002-10-25 | Metal Process | Procede de production de plasmas elementaires en vue de creer un plasma uniforme pour une surface d'utilisation et dispositif de production d'un tel plasma |
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US6845734B2 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2005-01-25 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Deposition apparatuses configured for utilizing phased microwave radiation |
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JPN5009015365; DAINEKA D: THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL,APPLIED PHYSICS V28 N3, 200412, P343-346, EDP SCIENCES * |
JPN5009015414; BULKIN P: JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A V20 N2, 200203, P338-343, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS * |
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US20100075065A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
KR20090087460A (ko) | 2009-08-17 |
EP1921178A1 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
CN101583737B (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
WO2008052708A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
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