JP2010503078A - モザイク斜め画像、並びにモザイク斜め画像の作成及び使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
1.捕捉された画像。これらの画像は、利用されるカメラ又はセンサにより捕捉された外観を有する。
2.投影画像。これらの画像は、数学的な投影に一致するように処理及び変換される。
本発明は、先の制限を克服する、上質の斜めモザイクを形成することができる手段を詳述する。
入力画像間のカットラインが建物を通過しないように、通りを進んでカットラインを「舵取り」する。カットラインが建物を通過することで、相反する建物の傾きが建物の外観を大いに歪ませる可能性がある。
建物の傾きの角度は計算され、建物の傾きを補償するため、画像が瞬間移動する。
建物は、隣接画像で整合され、互いにアライメントされる。
ひとたび、画像形成される所望の領域であって、斜めモザイク画像12に収集される所望の領域が決定されると、ユーザ又はオペレータは、「バーチャルカメラ」20、すなわち所望の領域の一部又は全部をカバー又は捕捉可能な数学的な構成概念を形成する。バーチャルカメラ20は、所望のシーンを好適に「捕捉」するのを可能にする、必要なカメラの幾何学的なパラメータ(たとえばセンサプレーンの行及び列の数、ミリメートルにおけるセンサプレーンのサイズ、ミリメートルにおける焦点距離、地面を超える高さ、光軸のヨー、ピッチ、及びロールといった、カメラモデルを定義する数学的な値)をもつカメラの数学的なモデルである。たとえば、バーチャルカメラは、非常に大型のセンサ(たとえば20000画素列及び10000画素行)、標準的な視野(36mm×24mmセンサプレーン及び60mmの焦点距離)を有して考案することができ、北への斜め角度(0のヨー及びロール、並びに−40°のピッチ)で見下ろして、比較的高い高度(たとえば30000フィート)で「配置」される。好適な実施の形態では、実際のカメラからのセンサモデルが使用され、ユーザは、所望の領域を「捕捉」するために要件に合致するように、パラメータを単に変更する。
選択されている地上のポイントと入力カメラの光軸が地面と交差するポイントとの間の距離。この値は、この距離を、そのシーンで測定可能な最大の距離で割ることで正規化される。
以下の2つの角度間の差。一方は、(一般に鉛直に対して測定される)入力カメラの光軸の角度、及び他方は、バーチャルカメラから選択される地上のポイントに位置づけされる光線の角度(一般に鉛直に対して測定される)。この値は、180°で割ることで正規化することができる。
選択されている地上のポイントと最も近い道路のセンターラインとの間の距離。道路のセンターラインは、TIGERファイル又は他のGeographic Information Systemファイルのようなベクトルデータファイルから得ることができる。この値は、そのシーンで測定可能な最大の距離で割ることで正規化される。
2.カメラの向き:一般に、ヨー、ピッチ及びロール(又はオメガ、ファイ及びカッパ)3つの角度により規定される。
3.センサのサイズ:一般に、ミリメートルでの全体のセンサのサイズとして規定される(個々のセンサエレメントのサイズにより規定される)。
4.レンズの焦点距離:一般にミリメートルで規定される。
5.任意に、レンズ歪み情報:一般に、主点のオフセット(光軸とセンサの中央との間のオフセット)として、半径方向の歪みの項(光軸から半径方向に生じる歪みの量を記述する多項式係数)として規定される。
6.任意に、地面の高度のモデル:一般に、高度値のグリッドとして規定される。
Claims (26)
- 複数のソース斜め画像から斜めモザイク画像を作成する方法であって、
画像形成される所望の領域であって、斜めモザイク画像に集められる所望の領域を識別するステップと、
バーチャルカメラのセンサの数学モデルを形成するステップと、前記バーチャルカメラは、画像形成される領域の高度よりも大きな高度を有し、前記数学モデルは、前記所望の領域のセンサについて斜めモザイクの画素マップを有し、
ある表面の位置を前記斜めモザイクの画素マップに含まれるそれぞれの画素に割り当てるステップと、
前記所望の地理的な領域の斜めモザイク画像を形成するため、前記斜めモザイクの画素マップに含まれるそれぞれの画素について、画像形成されるべき領域の少なくとも1つのソース斜め画像の画素を投影し直すステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記割り当てるステップは、前記バーチャルカメラの視野を通してそれぞれの画素を投影し、前記斜めモザイクの画素マップにおけるそれぞれの画素について対応する表面の位置を決定するステップにより更に定義される、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 多数のソース斜め画像は、同じ表面の位置を表す、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 斜め角度及び該斜め角度に類似するコンパス方位及び前記バーチャルカメラのコンパス方位で捕捉された前記表面位置のソース斜め画像を選択するステップを更に含む、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記同じ表面の位置を表すそれぞれのソース斜め画像の画素は、どのソース画素が前記表面の位置の最も代表的な画素であるか、前記斜めモザイク画像に含まれるより代表的な画素であるかを判定するために比較される、
請求項3記載の方法。 - 前記投影し直すステップは、前記バーチャルカメラの高度、コンパス方位、及び斜め角度から取られる、表現される表面の位置のサイズ及び形状に整合するように画素を投影し直すことで更に定義される、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記投影し直すステップは、投影し直す前に前記ソース斜め画像からの高度の影響を除き、投影し直した後に前記高度の影響を前記斜めモザイク画像に追加することで更に定義される、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記斜めモザイク画像内の垂直方向の構造の傾きを最小にするステップを更に含む、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記斜めモザイク画像内の垂直方向の構造の傾きを最小にする前記ステップは、前記垂直方向の構造を考慮して前記ソース斜め画像から高度モデルを作成し、画像形成される領域の少なくとも1つのソース斜め画像の画素を投影し直すステップとして更に定義される、
請求項8記載の方法。 - 前記垂直方向の構造の傾きを最小にする前記ステップは、多数のソース斜め画像における垂直方向の構造を整合させ、グランドモデルを超える相対的な高さだけ、前記ソース斜め画像の少なくとも1つにおける画素が見える位置をシフトするステップとして更に定義される、
請求項8記載の方法。 - 前記斜めモザイク画像と共にメタデータが記憶される、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記斜めモザイク画像は、地理的に参照される、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記画像形成される所望の領域は、地理的な領域を表す、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 複数のソース斜め画像から斜めモザイク画像を作成する方法であって、
画像形成される所望の領域であって、斜めモザイク画像に集められる所望の領域を識別するステップと、
バーチャルカメラのセンサの数学モデルを形成するステップと、前記バーチャルカメラは、画像形成される領域の高度よりも大きな高度を有し、前記数学モデルは、前記所望の領域のセンサについて斜めモザイクの画素マップを有し、
前記斜めモザイクの画素マップに含まれるそれぞれの画素について表面の位置を決定するステップと、
前記所望の地理的な領域の斜めモザイク画像を形成するため、前記斜めモザイクの画素マップに含まれるそれぞれの画素について、画像形成されるべき領域の少なくとも1つのソース斜め画像の画素を投影し直すステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記決定するステップは、前記バーチャルカメラの視野を通してそれぞれの画素を投影し、前記斜めモザイクの画素マップにおけるそれぞれの画素について対応する表面の位置を決定するステップにより更に定義される、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 多数のソース斜め画像は、同じ表面の位置を表す、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 斜め角度及び該斜め角度に類似するコンパス方位及び前記バーチャルカメラのコンパス方位で捕捉された前記表面位置のソース斜め画像を選択するステップを更に含む、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記同じ表面の位置を表すそれぞれのソース斜め画像の画素は、どのソース画素が前記表面の位置の最も代表的な画素であるか、前記斜めモザイク画像に含まれるより代表的な画素であるかを判定するために比較される、
請求項16記載の方法。 - 前記投影し直すステップは、前記バーチャルカメラの高度、コンパス方位、及び斜め角度から取られる、表現される表面の位置のサイズ及び形状に整合するように画素を投影し直すことで更に定義される、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記投影し直すステップは、投影し直す前に前記ソース斜め画像からの高度の影響を除き、投影し直した後に前記高度の影響を前記斜めモザイク画像に追加することで更に定義される、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記斜めモザイク画像内の垂直方向の構造の傾きを最小にするステップを更に含む、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記斜めモザイク画像内の垂直方向の構造の傾きを最小にする前記ステップは、前記垂直方向の構造を考慮して前記ソース斜め画像から高度モデルを作成し、画像形成される領域の少なくとも1つのソース斜め画像の画素を投影し直すステップとして更に定義される、
請求項21記載の方法。 - 前記垂直方向の構造の傾きを最小にする前記ステップは、多数のソース斜め画像における垂直方向の構造を整合させ、グランドモデルを超える相対的な高さだけ、前記ソース斜め画像の少なくとも1つにおける画素が見える位置をシフトするステップとして更に定義される、
請求項21記載の方法。 - 前記斜めモザイク画像と共にメタデータが記憶される、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記斜めモザイク画像は、地理的に参照される、
請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記画像形成される所望の領域は、地理的な領域を表す、
請求項14記載の方法。
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EP2057585B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
US10489953B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
AU2007289120C1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
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