JP2010131675A - Vibratory polishing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve treating efficiency in deburring and surface polishing, increase freedom in setting processing conditions, reduce driving energy, and reduce noise and vibration. <P>SOLUTION: A polishing method includes the steps of: elastically supporting, in horizontal and vertical directions, a polishing tank 40 having an internal bottom in an approximately downwardly projecting semicircular form; shaking the polishing tank 40 in a circumferential direction by a first vibrator 44, thereby rotating a medium 46 to flow in a constant direction while vibrating it in the polishing tank 40; also bringing a workpiece 48 into contact with the medium 46 and shaking it while elastically supporting; and beating the medium 46 against the workpiece 48. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention removes burrs from a workpiece placed in a medium by vibrating a polishing tank that contains a medium for deburring or surface polishing that includes a particulate abrasive. The present invention relates to a vibration type polishing processing apparatus that performs processing such as polishing.

  Conventionally, a workpiece is mixed with a medium mainly composed of abrasive grains (abrasive grains), a medium containing fine steel balls, glass balls, etc. (hereinafter referred to as a medium for deburring or surface polishing or simply as a medium). 2. Description of the Related Art Polishing apparatuses that vibrate the entire surface and remove burrs from a workpiece or polish the surface by rubbing each other are known. In addition, in order to continuously deburr a large number of workpieces, a spiral unloading path is formed in the cylindrical polishing tank, and the polishing tank is vibrated to convey the workpiece on the conveying path. It has been proposed to remove burrs from the workpiece with abrasive grains.

Japanese Patent Application No. 4-292581 Japanese Patent Application No. 7-148658

  The previously proposed methods for deburring and polishing are based on the assumption that deburring and surface polishing of small parts are performed. Many parts are mixed in the media, and the parts and media are vibrated together. And rub each other. For this reason, the relative speed difference between the component and the medium is small, the processing speed is slow, and the processing time needs to be several tens of minutes, sometimes several hours. In addition, it is necessary to separate the media and parts (workpiece) after the processing, and there is a problem that productivity is poor.

  In such a conventional apparatus, the media and the work piece are mixed and flowed, and therefore the texture of the work piece, the state of burrs, deburring requirements, influence on other parts other than burrs, etc. are taken into consideration. There was also a problem that detailed settings could not be made. Furthermore, in this method, it is conceivable to increase the excitation acceleration or increase the rotation frequency in order to perform processing such as deburring in a short time, but in this case, the entire polishing tank containing the medium and the workpiece is in such a case. It is necessary to vibrate under conditions. For this reason, there is a problem that driving energy is remarkably increased, and noise and vibration are increased.

  In addition, hydraulic equipment such as automatic transmissions used in automobiles and industrial machinery that have complex labyrinth-like fluid passages use light alloy parts of several tens of kilograms. Such large and heavy parts However, there was a problem that the conventional deburring method could not be used. In parts with more complicated fluid passages and fine grooves and holes, media are clogged in these passages, grooves, and holes, so deburring is impossible and it takes time to remove the clogged media. There was also a problem. Further, when a sand mold is used at the time of casting, there is a problem that it takes time to remove sand that has entered fine holes or grooves. There was also a problem that the inner surface of the fine holes could not be polished.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, can improve the processing efficiency of deburring and surface polishing, shorten the processing time, and set flexibility for setting fine processing conditions for each workpiece. It is a first object of the present invention to provide a vibration type polishing method that can increase noise, decrease drive energy, and reduce noise and vibration. It is a second object of the present invention to provide a vibratory polishing apparatus that is directly used for carrying out this method.

  According to the present invention, an object of the present invention is to provide a vibratory polishing method for polishing a workpiece placed in the medium by vibrating a polishing tank that contains the medium for polishing processing. An approximately semicircular polishing tank convex toward the surface is elastically supported in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the polishing tank is vibrated in the circumferential direction by a first vibration exciter, thereby allowing the media to move within the polishing tank. While vibrating and flowing in a certain direction while vibrating, the workpiece is vibrated while being elastically supported by being brought into contact with the medium, and the medium is applied to the workpiece. Is achieved.

  A second object of the present invention is to provide a vibration polishing apparatus that polishes a workpiece placed in the medium by vibrating a polishing tank that stores the medium for polishing, and is elastically supported by a fixed frame. 1 vibration plate, a polishing tank attached to the first vibration plate and having a substantially semicircular shape whose inner bottom surface is convex downward, and attached to the polishing tank around a substantially horizontal vibration center axis A first shaker that generates rotational vibration, an auxiliary frame that is held by the fixed frame and faces the polishing tank, and is elastically supported by the auxiliary frame and brings the workpiece into contact with the medium This is achieved by a vibration type polishing apparatus comprising: a second vibration plate that is held in a state; and a second vibration device to which the second vibration plate is attached.

  According to this invention, the media placed in the polishing tank is formed by making the inner bottom surface of the polishing tank into a substantially semicircular shape projecting downward, and rotating (rotating vibration) while the polishing tank is vibrated finely in the circumferential direction. Rotate and flow in one direction while vibrating. On the other hand, the workpiece is embedded in this media or vibrated while being elastically supported in contact with the media, so that the vibration conditions for the media and the workpiece can be set separately. The degree of freedom of setting for obtaining detailed processing conditions for each object increases. For this reason, the total drive energy can be reduced and noise and vibration can be suppressed.

  The work piece is not mixed with the medium and vibrates and flows together with the medium, but the work piece is vibrated separately from the medium with respect to the vibration of the medium and the rotational flow in one direction. By appropriately controlling the vibration of the workpiece, the relative speed difference between the two can be increased, and the media will strike the workpiece more violently. For this reason, the efficiency of deburring, polishing of the surface, etc. and sand removal of the mold is increased, and the processing time can be shortened.

  In the method according to the present invention (Claim 1), it is desirable that the media and the workpiece are separately separately vibrated by separate vibrators (Claim 2). This is because it is convenient to set the vibration of the medium and the workpiece (including vibration intensity, frequency, vibration rotation direction, etc.) separately and independently (Claim 3). However, it is possible to excite the media and the workpiece separately with a common vibrator. For example, the output of the vibration exciter can be mechanically divided and transmitted to the polishing tank and the (first and second) vibration plates of the workpiece.

  In the apparatus according to the present invention (Claim 4), the workpiece may be directly fixed to the second vibration plate elastically supported by the auxiliary frame, but the workpiece is the lower surface of the second vibration plate. It may be fixed to the lower surface of the holding plate elastically supported via a plurality of springs. That is, the workpiece is indirectly attached to the second vibration plate via the holding plate. In this case, the degree of freedom in setting the vibration of the workpiece increases, which is convenient for adapting to the vibration of the media. The polishing tank penetrates the first vibration plate in the vertical direction and is fixed to the first vibration plate, and the first vibration exciter can be attached to the bottom of the polishing tank. If it does in this way, the 1st shaker can vibrate a polishing tank directly and can excite a medium efficiently. The polishing tank may be elastically supported by the first vibration plate, and the first vibration device may vibrate the first vibration plate.

  If the first shaker and the second shaker are arranged so that their vibration center axes are substantially parallel to each other, the flow direction of the medium and the vibration direction of the workpiece are the same or opposite. It is possible to promote appropriate processing in a uniform manner (claim 7).

  In order to elastically support the first vibration plate with respect to the fixed frame or to elastically support the second vibration plate to the auxiliary frame, a plurality of wires formed of a braided body knitted with fine metal wires are wound in a coil shape. The braided coil springs of the first and second vibrators are arranged between the first vibration plate and the fixed frame with their center axes substantially orthogonal to the vibration center lines of the first and second vibration exciters and horizontally. It is preferable to interpose between the vibration plate and the auxiliary frame. A horizontal braided coil spring has a characteristic that its lower edge and upper edge are extremely soft in the direction of the central axis, and sufficiently hard in a direction perpendicular to the central axis (for example, the vertical direction). Therefore, when the plurality of braided coil springs are interposed between the first and second vibrating plates and the fixed frame and the auxiliary frame as described above, the vibrating plate is the center of the braided coil spring. While it becomes extremely soft and easy to vibrate in the axial direction, it can withstand a sufficiently large load in the other direction. Therefore, it is possible to support the vertical load of the vibration system including the polishing tank and the vibrator.

  The first and second vibrators can be formed by unbalanced vibration motors attached to a vibration plate. In this case, the vibration center axis of the vibration motor is preferably orthogonal to the center axis of the braided coil spring. When the holding plate fixed to the work piece is elastically supported by the second vibration plate (Claim 5), the spring that elastically supports the holding plate to the second vibration plate is a vertical coil spring. (Claim 10).

  The inner bottom surface of the polishing tank may be convex in a substantially hemispherical shape downward, but may be substantially semicylindrical. That is, the first vibrator has a substantially semi-cylindrical shape in which a cross section in a vertical plane orthogonal to the vibration center axis direction is substantially semicircular. Since the center line of the semi-cylindrical surface is substantially perpendicular to the rotational vibration direction of the polishing tank, the media is sent in an arc shape by the inner bottom surface of the polishing tank and rises along one side, and on the other side It will fall, rotate and flow smoothly and circulate. In this case, the amount of movement of the media is relatively large with respect to the workpiece, and the deburring process and the like can be performed efficiently.

  The vibrations of the polishing tank and the workpiece can be controlled by controlling the vibrations (amplitude, vibration acceleration, frequency) of the first and second vibrators, and in particular, the first vibration system and the workpiece including the polishing tank. By vibrating at least one vibration system of the second vibration system including at a frequency near the resonance frequency, the vibration of the polishing tank is remarkably amplified to further increase the rotational flow of the medium or the vibration of the workpiece. be able to. For this purpose, it is preferable that the excitation frequency of the first and second vibrators attached to the first and second vibration plates is variable (claim 12).

  The auxiliary frame has an elevating frame that is held up and down with respect to the fixed frame, and a frame-like rotating frame that is held on the elevating frame so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis. The plate can be configured to be elastically supported by the rotating frame. In this case, the work piece is mounted directly or indirectly through a holding plate on the rotating frame that is lifted by raising and lowering the lifting frame, and the lifting frame is lowered to work after the rotating frame is returned to the horizontal position. Make objects enter the media. Thus, the workpiece can be easily replaced.

  The present invention is most suitable for a deburring apparatus, but can also be applied to a polishing processing apparatus that performs surface polishing, mold sand removal, internal polishing of holes and the like. Of course, the material, size (particle size), shape, etc. of the media are appropriately set according to the processing object and processing conditions.

  1 is an exploded perspective view of a main body side that holds a polishing tank of a deburring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a workpiece holding portion, and FIG. 3 is an overall plan view. 4 is a front view, FIG. 5 is a right side view, FIG. 6 is a right side view showing the raised position of the auxiliary frame, FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a holding portion of the workpiece, FIG. 8 is a front view, and FIG. Is a right side view, FIG. 10 is a right side view showing an operating state, and FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a braided body coil.

  In FIGS. 1 and 3 to 6, reference numeral 10 denotes a fixed frame on the main body side that holds the polishing tank. The fixed frame 10 has four vertical struts 12 (12a, 12a, 12b, 12b) coupled at their lower ends with four lower frame members 14 and at their upper ends with four upper frame members 16. It is a thing. Beam members 18a and 18b are suspended at the same height between the two vertical columns 12a and 12a on the front side and between the two vertical columns 12b and 12b on the rear side. These beam members 18a and 18b are connected by a pair of left and right front and rear beams 20 and 20. A first vibration plate 28 described later is elastically supported by the front and rear beams 20 and 20.

  The beam member 18 b and the lower frame member 14 below the beam member 18 b are connected by vertical reinforcing members 22, 22, and both the vertical reinforcing members 22, 22 are further connected by a horizontal auxiliary member 24. The horizontal auxiliary member 24 supports the lower end of an air cylinder that moves up and down an auxiliary frame 50 described later. Further, on the rear surfaces of the upper frame member 16 and the lower frame member 14 for connecting the vertical column members 12b, 12b on the rear surface side, vertical column members 26, 26 for attaching and lowering guide rails for holding an auxiliary frame, which will be described later, are movable up and down. 22 and 22 are fixed.

  In the fixed frame 10 configured as described above, the first vibration plate 28 is elastically supported on the upper surfaces of the front and rear beams 20 and 20. That is, the first vibration plate 28 is mounted on the front and rear beams 20 and 20 by two left and right braided body coil springs 30 arranged along the lower surfaces of the left and right edges. Here, the braided coil spring 30 is obtained by winding a wire made of a braided body made of a fine metal wire such as stainless steel in a coil shape.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the braided coil spring 30 is wound in a coil shape with the central axis line 32 being horizontal, and the upper and lower portions of the coil are sandwiched between two fixing bars 34 and 36, respectively, and fixed to the wire with a plurality of screws 38. The bars 34 and 36 are integrally fixed. The coil spring 30 has a characteristic that the upper fixing bars 34 and 36 are softer in the direction of the central axis 32 and harder in the direction crossing the central axis 32 than the lower fixing bars 34 and 36. The coil spring 30 reverses the winding direction of the wire at the center in the longitudinal direction so that the restoring force of the upper fixing bars 34 and 36 relative to the lower fixing bars 34 and 36 is symmetric.

  The braided coil spring 30 is attached between the vicinity of the left and right side edges of the first vibration plate 28 and the front and rear beams 20 and 20 in the front and rear direction, with the central axis 32 aligned in parallel and in the front and rear direction. That is, the fixing bars 34 and 36 below the four braided coil springs 30 are fixed to the beam 20, and the upper fixing bars 34 and 36 are fixed to the first vibration plate 28. As a result, the first vibration plate 28 is elastically supported by the fixed frame 10 in a state where it is soft (easy to vibrate) in the direction of the central axis 32 (front-rear direction) of the coil 30 and hard (not easily vibrated) in the other direction. The

  A polishing tank 40 is fixed to the first vibration plate 28 so as to penetrate in the vertical direction. The polishing tank 40 has a substantially semi-cylindrical shape with the top opened. That is, the inner bottom surface of the braided coil spring 30 is substantially semicircular in cross section by a vertical plane parallel to the direction of the central axis 32 (see FIGS. 1, 5, 6, and 10), and the opening opened upward is rectangular. The lower part of the polishing tank 40 penetrates a rectangular opening 42 provided in the first diaphragm 28 from above and protrudes downward, and the upper part protrudes above the opening 42.

  A first vibration exciter 44 is attached to the outer bottom surface of the polishing tank 40, that is, the central lower surface. The vibration exciter 44 is formed by an unbalanced vibration motor, and the rotation shaft having the unbalanced weight is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the central axis 32 of the braided coil spring 30 and to be horizontal. Note that the eccentricity and the frequency (rotational speed) of the unbalanced weight of the vibrator 44 can be controlled.

  A medium 46 made of abrasive grains or the like is placed in the polishing tank 40. Reference numeral 48 denotes a workpiece, which is elastically supported by an auxiliary frame 50 described later, and is held in contact with or embedded in the medium 46 in the polishing tank 40 as shown in FIGS.

  Next, the auxiliary frame 50 that elastically supports the workpiece 48 will be described. The auxiliary frame 50 includes a lifting frame 52 held in a variable position relative to the fixed frame 10, and a frame-like rotation held by the lifting frame 52 so as to be rotatable around a horizontal and horizontal rotation shaft 54. And a moving frame 56. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the elevating frame 52 is formed by connecting one end portion and an intermediate portion of a pair of left and right support arms 58 and 58 by connecting arms 60 and 62, respectively.

  The outer edges of the support arms 58 and 58 are held on the inner facing surfaces of the vertical guide rail mounting vertical columns 26 and 26 of the fixed frame 10 via the vertical guide rail 64 so as to be vertically slidable. The lower surface of the central portion of the intermediate connecting arm 62 and the bracket 66 (FIGS. 1, 2, 5, and 6) fixed to the horizontal auxiliary member 24 of the fixed frame 10 are connected by an air cylinder 68. Therefore, the elevating frame 52 is guided by the elevating guide rails 64 and 64 as the air cylinder 68 expands and contracts.

  The rotating frame 56 is formed by combining a pair of left and right side frames 56a with a pair of front and rear frames 56b to form a rectangular frame. The side frame 50a of the rotating frame 56 is formed by the support arms 58 and 58 of the elevating frame 52. It is pivotally supported by bearings 70 fixed to the front end, and can be rotated around a horizontal axis 54. A cover plate 72 is stretched over the upper surfaces of the connecting arms 60 and 62 of the elevating frame 52, and a pivot bearing 74 is fixed to the cover plate 72. An air cylinder 78 is interposed between the upright arm 76 fixed to the right side frame 56 a of the rotating frame 56 and the pivot bearing 74. Therefore, the rotation frame 56 rotates between the horizontal position shown in FIG. 5 and the vertical position shown in FIG.

  A second vibration plate 80 is elastically supported on the left and right side frames 56 a of the rotating frame 56. That is, the vibration plate 80 is supported by four other braided coil springs 30 </ b> A having the same structure as the braided coil spring 30. Here, two coil springs 30 </ b> A are attached to the upper surface of the frame 56 a on the left and right sides, with the central axis of the coil spring 30 </ b> A being the front-rear direction (front-rear direction parallel to the frame 56 a). A second vibration exciter 82 is attached to the center of the upper surface of the second vibration plate 80. The vibration exciter 82 has the same structure as that of the first vibration exciter 44, can set an eccentricity rate of an eccentric weight, and can control a rotation speed (excitation frequency). The rotating shaft of the shaker 82 is horizontal and horizontal.

  In this embodiment, the workpiece 48 is not directly fixed to the second vibration plate 80 but elastically supported via a coil spring 84. That is, the upper ends of a total of six coil springs 84 arranged in two rows on the left and right sides are fixed to the lower surface of the second vibration plate 80 in the front-rear direction, and a horizontal holding plate is placed on the lower ends of the six coil springs 84. 86, and the workpiece 48 is fixed to the lower surface of the holding plate 86 with an extension base 88 having an appropriate length interposed therebetween.

  Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. Due to the rotational vibration force in the circumferential direction of the first vibration exciter 44, the first vibration plate 28 is rotationally vibrated by the central axis 32 direction of the braided body coil spring 30 and the vertical displacement. The rotational vibration of the vibration plate 28 is transmitted to a polishing tank 40 fixed to the vibration plate 28. Resonance of the first vibration system determined by the weight of the vibrator 44, the vibration plate 28 and the polishing tank 40, the spring constant of the braided coil spring 30, the amount (weight) of the medium 46 accommodated in the polishing tank 40, and the like. When the frequency and the excitation frequency of the vibration exciter 44 are in a certain relationship, the vibration system becomes a state close to a resonance state and vibrates and vibrates violently. At this time, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 10, the medium 46 is guided to the inner bottom surface in the polishing tank 40 and circulates while vibrating vigorously while drawing a circle.

  The workpiece 48, the second vibration plate 80, the holding plate 86, the second vibration generator 82, the braided coil spring 30A, the coil spring 84, the resistance between the workpiece 48 and the medium 46, and the like. When the resonance frequency of the second vibration system and the vibration frequency of the second vibrator 82 are constant, the second vibration system enters a resonance state, and the workpiece 48 vibrates violently.

  Thus, since the workpiece 48 is vibrated by the second vibrator 82, the fluctuation of the relative speed between the medium 46 and the workpiece 48 becomes remarkably large, and the medium 46 that rotates and flows while vibrating is The workpiece 48 violently collides. For this reason, the burr | flash of the to-be-processed object 48 is removed efficiently, and surface treatment is accelerated | stimulated. Further, the workpiece 48 may be lifted and lowered together with the auxiliary frame 50 and taken in and out of the polishing tank 40, so that the processing efficiency can be improved.

  In addition, it is good to provide the long protruding item | line 90 in the orthogonal | vertical direction (vibration center axis direction) with respect to the feed direction of the medium 40 in the inner bottom face of the polishing tank 40 (FIG. 10). This is because the media 46 can prevent the media 46 from sliding on the inner surface of the polishing tank 40 by the one or more protrusions 90, and the flow and vibration of the media 46 can be strengthened.

The polishing tank holding | maintenance partial exploded perspective view of the main body side of one Example of this invention Similarly, an exploded perspective view of a workpiece holding part Similarly the whole top view Same front view Same right side view Right side view showing the raised position of the auxiliary frame Plan view showing workpiece holding part Similarly, front view of holding part Similarly, right side view of holding part Right side view showing the operating state Perspective view of braided coil

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Fixed frame 28 1st vibration board 30, 30A Braid body coil spring 32 Center axis 40 Polishing tank 44 1st vibration generator (unbalanced vibration motor)
46 Media 48 Workpiece 50 Auxiliary Frame 52 Elevating Frame 56 Rotating Frame 80 Second Excitation Plate 82 Second Excitation Machine 84 Coil Spring 86 Holding Plate

Claims (13)

In the vibratory polishing method for polishing a workpiece put in the medium by vibrating a polishing tank that stores the medium for polishing processing,
The medium is obtained by elastically supporting a polishing tank having a substantially semicircular shape whose inner bottom surface is protruded downward in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, and vibrating the polishing tank in the circumferential direction by a first vibrator. The vibration is characterized in that the workpiece is vibrated in a fixed direction while being vibrated in a polishing tank, while the workpiece is vibrated while being elastically supported by being brought into contact with the media, and the media is hit against the workpiece. Type polishing treatment method.   2. The vibration polishing method according to claim 1, wherein the polishing tank and the workpiece are vibrated by separate vibrators.   3. The vibration polishing method according to claim 1, wherein the vibration frequency of the medium in the polishing tank and the vibration frequency of the workpiece can be independently controlled. In a vibratory polishing apparatus for polishing a workpiece put in the medium by vibrating a polishing tank that stores the medium for polishing process,
A first vibration plate elastically supported by a fixed frame;
A polishing tank attached to the first vibration plate and having a substantially semicircular shape whose bottom surface is convex downward,
A first vibration exciter that is attached to the polishing tank and generates rotational vibration about a substantially horizontal vibration center axis;
An auxiliary frame that is held by the fixed frame and faces the polishing tank;
A second vibration plate elastically supported by the auxiliary frame and holding the workpiece in contact with the medium;
A second shaker to which the second vibration plate is attached;
A vibratory polishing apparatus characterized by comprising:   The vibratory polishing apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a holding plate elastically supported via a plurality of springs on the lower surface of the second vibration plate, and the workpiece is fixed to the lower surface of the holding plate.   6. The vibration according to claim 4, wherein the polishing tank penetrates the first vibration plate in the vertical direction and is fixed to the first vibration plate, and the first vibration exciter is attached to the bottom of the polishing tank. Type polishing equipment.   The vibratory polishing apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the first vibrator and the second vibrator are disposed such that their vibration center axes are substantially parallel to each other.   A plurality of braided coil springs in which a wire composed of a braided body knitted with a fine metal wire is wound in a coil shape, the center axis of which is substantially perpendicular to the vibration center axes of the first and second vibrators, and horizontal. 8. The vibratory polishing apparatus according to claim 7, which is interposed between the first vibration plate and the fixed frame and between the second vibration plate and the auxiliary frame.   The vibratory polishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first and second vibrators are formed of unbalanced vibration motors.   6. The vibratory polishing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the spring that elastically supports the holding plate on the second vibration plate is a vertical coil spring.   The vibratory polishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the inner bottom surface of the polishing tank has a substantially semi-cylindrical shape that is long in a direction orthogonal to the excitation direction of the first vibrator.   The vibrations of the first and second vibrators are independently variable, and at least one of the first vibration system including the polishing tank and the second vibration system including the workpiece can vibrate near the resonance frequency. The vibration type polishing apparatus according to claim 9.   The auxiliary frame has an elevating frame that is held up and down with respect to the fixed frame, and a frame-like rotating frame that is held on the elevating frame so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis. The vibration type polishing apparatus according to claim 4, which is elastically supported by the rotating frame.

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