JP2009538634A - 神経調節のための脈管内デバイス - Google Patents
神経調節のための脈管内デバイス Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図8A
Description
図2A及び図2Bは、神経刺激デバイスと、これらのデバイスの移植及び留置に用いる関連部品とを例示する。
デバイス12は、このデバイスに特定の用途で適切な制御機構に従って刺激を送達する。例示的な制御機構は以下を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない。即ち、(a)開ループ制御(ここでは非同期な刺激がセンサフィードバックを参照することなく送達される)(例えば、疼痛管理のための刺激)、(b)トリガー制御(ここでは、或る状態が検出されて、次いで非同期刺激が予め指定された持続時間に亘って開始されるまで、刺激が全く与えられない)((例えば、てんかん性の発作を終わらせる刺激)、及び(c)閉ループ制御(ここでは少なくとも一つのフィードバック変数が能動的に監視されて、そのフィードバックに基いて刺激出力が変更される)(例えば、血圧上昇に対する心拍数減少を均衡させることによる高血圧調節のための刺激)である。信号系(例えば図1A乃至図1Cの系の何れか)は、送達すべき療法の異なる形態について、これらの制御機構の組み合わせを使用するように備えることができる。例えば、一つの信号系においては、閉ループ制御を神経刺激に用いて、開ループ制御を薬物送達に用いてもよい。
神経調節実行における使用のためには、上述の形式のシステムは、動脈、静脈、又は冠状動脈脈管構造、或いは心臓内に配置されて、リードからの電気刺激及び/又は薬物が送達される場所へ脈管構造を通じて延出するリードが目標の神経構造脳組織(例えば神経、脊椎、又は脳組織の目標領域など)へ治療法の恩恵を届けるであろう。例えば、脳深部電気刺激法において、リードは、視床下核や淡蒼球などの深脳部構造に治療を送達させるために位置決めされるであろう。てんかんの場合では、電極は、先行するテストにより決定した発作の原因の領域へ導かれながら血管を通り抜けるであろう。代替的に、てんかんの場合には、発作に関係する脳の領域は、頚又は胸部の脈管構造に配置された一つ又は複数の電極で左迷走神経神経の求心性線維の刺激で影響を受けるであろう。
抑制圧受容器(迷走神経が最も介在する)
動脈の圧受容器
・頸動脈洞における血管壁の外膜(内頸動脈の起点直情の血管の拡張)
・大動脈弓の血管壁の外膜
心肺圧受容器
・心房、特に右心房、特にcavoatrial接合点(SVC,IVC,肺静脈)であるが、心房壁にも散在的に分布している
・心室壁,左>右
・冠状血管系
・肺動脈(主肺動脈及び分岐点)
興奮性圧受容器(交感神経介在)
・心房、心室、尾静脈、肺動脈、肺静脈、心膜、及び大動脈(隔膜上)に亘って散在的に(且つ若干僅かに)分布
化学受容体特性:ΔPaO2に鋭敏、ΔpH又はΔPaCO2(特に頸動脈体)
・頸動脈体
・大動脈体
周辺化学受容細胞:迷走神経介在又は交感神経介在;低酸素組織によって生成された短寿命化学物質(ブラジキニン、プロスタグランジン)により同一の局所領域に引き起こされた対向経路
・肺傍毛細血管、肺間質(J受容体;肺圧低器化学反射)
・冠状動脈の脈管構造(冠状動脈圧低器化学反射)及左心室壁
・右心室
・心房
・大静脈
・肺動脈
・大動脈
中枢化学受容器
・視床下部に位置するCNS浸透圧受容器(ADH分泌を刺激する)
・持続性低酸素→髄質血管運動神経中枢からの交換出力を増大させる
図示の実施形態において、電気的刺激リード14は、デバイス12から上方へ延出し、電極アンカー16bへ電気的に接続され、これは複数の刺激電極26を含み、その電極はアンカー16bの膨張の際に血管壁に接触するように位置している。リード14及び電極アンカーは、関連する電極が頸動脈分岐部のレベルにおける頸静脈内にあるように配置される。この位置決めによれば、電極は、内側頸静脈に隣接する頸動脈洞内に位置する頸動脈圧受容器を刺激できる。多部位刺激のために複数のリードを様々な圧受容器位置に置いてもよい。
心臓の副交感神経及び網状構造の新家刺激は直接又は経静脈的に達成されて、複数の部位(これは上部大静脈、下静脈、及び冠状静脈洞を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない)で実行される。
これらのデバイス/システムはの使用に適する用途は、以下を含むがそれに限定されるものではない。即ち、
脳深部刺激(DBS)又は皮質刺激(単独又は刺激領域への薬物送達との組み合わせ)。これは本能性振戦、パーキンソン病、筋失調症を含む運動障害の処置のため、卒中リハビリテーション及び他の神経障害(強迫症、癲癇、鬱病、気分障害、不安障害、痛覚及び耳鳴りを含む)のためのものである。刺激は脳の領域(例えば、島)へ送達され、物質又は挙動に対する常習性を調節する。
癲癇、鬱病、高血圧又は心不全の処置のための迷走神経神経刺激(VNS);
慢性疼痛の処置のための末梢神経刺激(PNS);
慢性疼痛、狭心痛、末梢血管障害痛、悪性疼痛、ALS兆候、及びハンチントン病の兆候の処置のための脊髄刺激(SCS)(単独又は刺激領域への薬物送達との組み合わせ);
肥満治療及び胃不全麻痺のための胃系における神経の刺激;
失禁、骨盤痛及び性機能不全の処置のための仙骨又は骨盤神経刺激;
インシュリンの生成を調節するための膵臓の刺激又は糖尿病の治療における島細胞の電気穿孔。
Claims (102)
- 神経系対象を電気的に刺激する方法であって、
電気的な刺激を受けるように神経系対象を選択する段階と、
パルス発生器を含む神経刺激移植体を患者の脈管構造へ導入し、この神経刺激移植体を第1の血管へ進める段階と、
前記神経刺激移植体を第1の血管内に保持する段階と、
少なくとも一つの電極を前記神経刺激移植体と交信するように患者内に位置決めする段階と、
前記電極を用いて前記神経系対象を刺激する段階とを含む方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、第1の血管が上大静脈である方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、第1の血管が下大静脈である方法。
- .請求項1に記載の方法において、第1の血管が、頸静脈、鎖骨下静脈、腋窩静脈、及び腸骨静脈からなる血管のグループから選択される方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記電極がリードにあり、前記方法は更に、前記神経系対象の近傍で第2の血管を特定して、前記リード及び電極を第2の血管へ挿通して電極を位置決めすることを含む方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記リードを第2の血管内に留置させることを更に含む方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記リードを第2の血管の壁を通じて挿通させて、前記電極を前記神経系対象に接触させて位置させることを更に含む方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法において、前記電極を神経系対象の組織へ延在させることを更に含む方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法において、前記電極を遠隔の神経学的な対象又はリードへ外科的に接続することを更に含む方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法において、前記遠隔の神経学的な対象又はリードは、神経損傷の領域への末端神経を含む方法。
- 請求項10に記載の方法において、前記神経損傷の領域が末梢神経障害を含む方法。
- 請求項10に記載の方法において、前記神経損傷の領域が切断された神経を含む方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法において、前記遠隔の外科的対象又はリードが、プログラマブル補綴と電気的に交信する導体を含む方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が静脈系、動脈系、及び/又は冠状動脈の脈管構造の圧受容器を含む方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法において、第2の血管が頸静脈である方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が神経を含む方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が少なくとも一つの筋肉を含む方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、前記神経が、横隔神経、舌下神経、舌咽神経、迷走神経、及び口腔咽頭筋肉を刺激する神経からなる神経のグループから選択される方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が脳に対象を含む方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が心臓に対象を含む方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が腎臓に対象を含む方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象の刺激が、遠心性神経細胞の遠心性信号の低減、増大、遮断を含むか、又は中立影響を有し、及び/又は求心性神経細胞による求心性信号の低減、増大、受信遮断又は中立影響を有する方法。
- 請求項22に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が求心性及び遠心性神経細胞を有する混合神経である方法。
- 請求項22に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が求心性神経細胞を有する求心性神経と遠心性神経細胞を有する遠心性神経とを含む方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、神経が求心性及び遠心性神経細胞を有する混合神経であり、前記神経系対象を刺激するのは遠心性細胞の遠心性信号の増大と、求心性細胞による求心性信号の受信遮断とを含む方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、前記神経の刺激が、遠心性信号の低減、抑制又は遮断を含む方法。
- .請求項16に記載の方法において、前記神経の刺激が、求心性信号の低減、抑制又は遮断を含む方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、前記神経の刺激が、遠心性信号を増大する方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、前記神経の刺激が、求心性信号を増大する方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、前記神経が求心性及び遠心性神経細胞を有する混合神経であり、前記神経系対象の刺激は求心性信号を妨げることなく、遠心性信号を増大させる方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法において、前記神経の刺激は、求心性信号を低減又は抑制する方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記電極がリードに配置され、前記電極の位置決めが前記リードを第2の血管へ延在させることを含む方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、複数の場所における複数の電極の位置決めを更に含む方法。
- 請求項33に記載の方法において、複数の電極の位置決めが、患者における複数のリードの位置決めを含み、そのリードの各々はその上に少なくとも一つの電極を有する方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が心臓の圧受容器を含むと共に、前記電極は刺激の間に心臓に配置される方法。
- 請求項35に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象が心房の圧受容器を含む方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記神経刺激移植体の保持は、アンカーを拡張して第1の血管の壁内に接触させて、このアンカーが神経刺激移植体を保持することを含む方法。
- 請求項37に記載の方法において、前記電極がリードにあり、且つ前記アンカーが前記リードに接触して前記神経刺激移植体を保持する方法。
- 請求項37に記載の方法において、前記アンカーが前記神経刺激移植体に接触して前記神経刺激移植体を保持する方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記移植体が血管壁との摩擦接触を通じて保持される方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記神経系対象の刺激が器官による天然剤の解放を刺激又は抑制する方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記器官により生成されて解放される天然剤がインシュリンである方法。
- 請求項41に記載の方法において、前記器官により生成されて解放される天然剤がアドレナリンである方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記方法が更に薬剤を血管へ送達させるための方法であって、前記方法は、
貯蔵器を含む脈管内薬剤送達移植体を設け、
前記薬剤送達移植体を第3の血管へ導入し、
前記薬剤送達移植体を第3の血管内に保持し、
薬剤を前記貯蔵器か心臓血管系へ解放することを更に含む方法。 - 請求項44に記載の方法において、前記神経刺激移植体が薬剤送達インプラントを含む方法。
- 請求項44に記載の方法において、前記神経刺激移植体が前記薬剤送達移植体へ電気的に結合されている方法。
- 請求項44に記載の方法において、前記神経刺激移植体が前記薬剤送達移植体と無線で交信する方法。
- 請求項44に記載の方法において、前記薬剤送達移植体は前記貯蔵器から延出する細長い導管を含むと共に、前記方法は前記導管を前記心臓血管系の対象領域へ薬剤を解放するように位置決めすることを含む方法。
- 請求項48に記載の方法において、前記心臓血管系の対象領域は第4の血管であると共に、前記方法は前記導管を前記薬剤が第4の血管へ解放されるように位置決めすることを含む方法。
- 請求項49に記載の方法において、第4の血管が腎動脈である方法。
- 請求項48に記載の方法において、前記対象領域が器官である方法。
- 請求項51に記載の方法において、前記器官が心臓である方法。
- 請求項48に記載の方法において、前記器官が腎臓である方法。
- 請求項48に記載の方法において、前記導管を第2の血管の壁に挿通させて、この導管を薬剤を解放して神経系対象に接触させるように位置決めすることを更に含む方法。
- 請求項54に記載の方法において、前記導管を前記神経系対象の組織へ延在させることを更に含む方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、外部プログラミングデバイスを用いて前記神経刺激システムと無線交信することを更に含む方法。
- 請求項56に記載の方法において、前記神経刺激システムと無線交信することが前記神経刺激移植体に前記神経系対象を刺激させることを含む方法。
- 請求項56に記載の方法において、前記方法は更に薬剤を血管へ送達するための方法であって、前記方法は、
貯蔵器を含む薬剤送達移植体を設け、
前記薬剤送達移植体を身体内へ位置決めし、
前記神経刺激システムとの無線交信が、前記脈管内薬剤送達移植体を前記薬剤を身体内へ解放させることを含む方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記神経刺激移植体が電源を含むと共に、前記方法は外部充電デバイスを用いて前記電源を再充電することを更に含む方法。
- 請求項59に記載の方法において、前記外部充電デバイスが、誘導結合を用いて前記電源を再充電する方法。
- 請求項59に記載の方法において、前記外部充電デバイスが、光エネルギ源を用いて前記電源を再充電し、その光エネルギ源は、前記電源に電気的に接続された光電池へ身体を通じて輻射エネルギを作用させる方法。
- 請求項59に記載の方法において、前記外部充電デバイスが機械的エネルギ源を用いて前記電源を再充電し、その機械的エネルギ源は、前記電源に電気的に接続された圧電素子へ身体を通じて振動エネルギを作用させる方法。
- 神経刺激システムであって、
パルス発生器を含む神経刺激移植体と、
前記神経刺激移植体を血管内の留置位置において留置するように前記血管の壁に係合可能なアンカーと、
前記神経刺激移植体と交信する少なくとも一つの電極とを備え、この電極は患者の身体内に配置可能であり、この電極に少なくとも一つの刺激パルスを神経系対象へ送達させる神経刺激システム。 - 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体は約15mm以下の範囲の断面横断径を有する神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体は約8mm以下の範囲の断面横断径を有する神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体は約5−175mm2以下の範囲の断面積を有する神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体は約40mm2未満の範囲の断面積を有する神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体から延出するリードを更に含み、前記電極はこのリードにある神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、複数の電極を含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項69に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、複数のリードを更に含み、前記複数の電極は前記複数のリードにある神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、血管壁に接触するように径方向へ拡大可能な部材を更に含み、前記電極を径方向に拡張可能な部材を更に含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項71に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記部材の上の電気的に絶縁された複数の電極を更に含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項71に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記部材が前記血管壁に係合して前記神経刺激デバイスを前記血管内に保持するように寸法付けされている神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記システムは、身体状態を検出するように配置されたセンサデバイスを含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項74に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記センサデバイスは前記神経刺激移植体上にある神経刺激システム。
- 請求項74に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記センサデバイスは前記神経刺激移植体に結合されて、留置位置から離間した身体内の位置に配置可能である神経刺激システム。
- 請求項74に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記センサデバイスが神経刺激移植体と無線交信する神経刺激システム。
- 請求項74に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記センサデバイスが体外センサである神経刺激システム。
- 請求項74に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記センサは患者の体内に移植するように構成されている神経刺激システム。
- 請求項74に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体は、前記センサデバイスからのフィードバックに応答して少なくとも一つの神経刺激パルスを送達するように構成されている神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体と無線交信する体外交信デバイスを更に含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体が再充電可能電源を含むと共に、前記システムは、前記再充電可能電源にエネルギを誘導結合させるように配置可能な外部充電デバイスとを更に含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項63に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、貯蔵器と、この貯蔵器から身体へ薬剤を解放するポートとを含む薬剤送達移植体を更に含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項83に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記薬剤送達移植体は前記神経刺激移植体を含み、前記貯蔵器は前記神経刺激移植体内に配置可能である神経刺激システム。
- 請求項83に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記薬剤送達移植体が前記神経刺激移植体と無線交信する神経刺激システム。
- 請求項83に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記薬剤送達移植体がアンカーを含む脈管内薬剤送達移植体であり、そのアンカーは、前記移植体を第2の血管内に留置させるように、拡張可能であり、前記薬剤送達移植体は第2の血管内の血液流を可能とするように寸法付けられている神経刺激システム。
- 請求項83に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、センサデバイスを更に含み、前記神経刺激システムは、前記センサデバイスからのフィードバックに応答して、前記薬剤送達移植体からの薬剤及び/又は電極からの少なくとも一つの神経刺激パルスを選択的に送達する神経刺激システム。
- 請求項83に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、センサデバイスを更に含み、前記神経刺激システムは、前記センサデバイスからのフィードバックに応答して、前記薬剤送達移植体からの薬剤を選択的に送達すると共に、前記神経刺激移植体は、前記センサデバイスからのフィードバックとは独立に、少なくとも一つの神経刺激パルスを送達するように操作可能である神経刺激システム。
- 請求項83に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、センサデバイスを更に含み、前記神経刺激システムは、前記センサデバイスからのフィードバックに応答して、前記神経刺激移植体からの少なくとも一つの神経刺激パルスを選択的に送達すると共に、前記薬剤送達移植体は、前記センサデバイスからのフィードバックとは独立に、薬剤を送達するように操作可能である神経刺激システム。
- 請求項83に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、センサデバイスを更に含み、前記神経刺激システムは、このセンサデバイスからのフィードバックに応答して、前記薬剤送達移植体からの薬剤又は前記神経刺激移植体からの少なくとも一つの神経刺激パルスを選択的に送達する神経刺激システム。
- 請求項68に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記リードを第2の血管内に留置するように、拡張可能な第2のアンカーを更に含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項91に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記電極が前記アンカーにある神経刺激システム。
- 請求項91に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記神経刺激移植体は、前記電極から刺激エネルギを第2の血管の壁を通じて神経系対象へ送達させる神経刺激システム。
- 請求項68に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、前記リードは血管を通じて前記神経系対象に接触するように前進可能なチップを含む神経刺激システム。
- 請求項94に記載の神経刺激システムにおいて、第2のアンカーを更に含み、この第2のアンカーは第2の血管内で拡張可能であり、前記チップと前記神経系対象との間の接触を維持する神経刺激システム。
- 神経系対象を神経調節する方法であって、
刺激を受けるように神経系対象を選択する段階と、
貯蔵器を含む神経調節移植体を患者の脈管へ導入して、この神経調節移植体を血管へ進める段階と、
前記神経調節移植体を血管内に保持する段階と、
前記貯蔵器から延出する細長い導管から薬剤を神経系対象へ接触させるように解放させる段階とを含む方法。 - 請求項96に記載の方法において、前記導管を血管の壁に挿通して、薬剤を解放して前記神経系対象に接触させるように前記導管を位置決めすることを更に含む方法。
- 請求項97に記載の方法において、前記導管を前記神経系対象の組織へ延在させるだんかい「に接触させるように前記導管を位置決めすることを更に含む方法。
- 内部対象を電気的に刺激する方法であって、
電気的刺激を受けるように内部対象を選択する段階と、
パルス発生器を含む移植体を患者の脈管内に導入して、この移植体を第1の血管へ進める段階と、
前記移植体と交信する少なくとも一つの電極を患者内に位置決めする段階と、
前記電極を用いて前記対象を刺激する段階とを含む方法。 - 請求項99に記載の方法において、前記対象は膵臓である方法。
- 請求項99に記載の方法において、前記対象は腎臓である方法。
- 請求項99に記載の方法において、前記対象は創傷の領域である方法。
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JP2015511857A (ja) * | 2012-03-21 | 2015-04-23 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | 迷走神経を刺激するためのシステムおよび方法 |
JP2014018445A (ja) * | 2012-07-19 | 2014-02-03 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd | 心機能監視装置付き表面式迷走神経電気刺激装置 |
JP2020501658A (ja) * | 2016-12-07 | 2020-01-23 | ユニヴェルシテ グルノーブル アルプ | 埋め込み可能なシステム |
JP7097888B2 (ja) | 2016-12-07 | 2022-07-08 | ユニヴェルシテ グルノーブル アルプ | 埋め込み可能なシステム |
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US20120059431A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
WO2007092330A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
EP1981584A1 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
AU2007212587B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
AU2007212587A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
EP1981584B1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
US20070255379A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
JP5256048B2 (ja) | 2013-08-07 |
US8116883B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 |
CA2637787A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
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