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JP2009278591A - Helical antenna - Google Patents

Helical antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2009278591A
JP2009278591A JP2008130670A JP2008130670A JP2009278591A JP 2009278591 A JP2009278591 A JP 2009278591A JP 2008130670 A JP2008130670 A JP 2008130670A JP 2008130670 A JP2008130670 A JP 2008130670A JP 2009278591 A JP2009278591 A JP 2009278591A
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end side
antenna
spiral
substrate
helical antenna
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JP2008130670A
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JP5001218B2 (en
Inventor
Takashi Nishi
隆史 西
Akira Takaoka
彰 高岡
Yoshito Kasuga
義人 春日
Tsunehiro Kato
常広 加藤
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Denso Corp
Soken Inc
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Denso Corp
Nippon Soken Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a helical antenna which is improved in a cross-polarization ratio while achieving a low profile, can stand alone, and also is improved in strength and earthquake protection. <P>SOLUTION: An element 2 of the helical antenna 1 is formed into a shape having: a spiral part 5 spirally formed from a distal end side to a termination side; an eddy part 6 formed in an eddy shape so as to be positioned on a spiral center axis of the spiral part 5 while making its distal end side continuous to the termination side of the spiral part 5 and making its termination side separate from a substrate 3 just by a predetermined distance; and a vertical part 7 formed vertical to the substrate 3 from its distal end side to its termination side while making its distal end side continuous to the termination side of the eddy part 6. Then, the capacitive coupling is generated between the termination side of the element 2 and an antenna base plate portion 9. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、先端側から終端側に向かって螺旋状に成形されている螺旋部を有する線状導体部材からなるエレメントを有し、螺旋部の先端側が基板のアンテナ地板部分に接続されて給電点が形成された状態で前記基板上に実装されてなるヘリカルアンテナに関する。   The present invention has an element composed of a linear conductor member having a spiral portion that is spirally formed from the front end side toward the end side, and the front end side of the spiral portion is connected to the antenna ground plane portion of the substrate. The present invention relates to a helical antenna that is mounted on the substrate in a state where is formed.

線状導体部材からなるエレメントを螺旋状に低姿勢で成形することにより、交差偏波比を故意に低下させ、軸モード直線偏波を発生させる構成が供されている（例えば特許文献１参照）。また、螺旋状に成形されたエレメントを円筒状の装着部に外装することにより、ヘリカルアンテナを保持する構成が供されている（例えば特許文献２参照）。さらに、スパイラルアンテナにおける同一平面上に形成されたエレメントの終端側に電波反射抑制部材を設けることにより、交差偏波比を向上させる構成が供されている（例えば特許文献３参照）。
特開２００４−３３６３３１号公報 特開平９−３６６４３号公報 特開平１１−１６３６２２号公報 A configuration is provided in which an element made of a linear conductor member is spirally shaped in a low posture to intentionally reduce the cross polarization ratio and generate an axial mode linearly polarized wave (see, for example, Patent Document 1). . In addition, a configuration is provided in which a helical antenna is held by covering an element formed in a spiral shape on a cylindrical mounting portion (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Furthermore, the structure which improves a cross polarization ratio is provided by providing an electromagnetic wave reflection suppression member in the termination | terminus side of the element formed on the same plane in a spiral antenna (for example, refer patent document 3).
JP 2004-336331 A JP-A-9-36643 JP-A-11-163622

ヘリカルアンテナは進行波型のアンテナであり、螺旋状に成形されているエレメントの先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れることで電波を放射させ、円偏波を発生させる構成となっている。ところで、エレメントが螺旋状に低姿勢で成形されている構成では、エレメントの先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れる一方で、エレメントの終端側から先端側に向かって逆方向の電流が流れることにより、交差偏波比が低下するという問題がある。交差偏波比が低下するという問題に対しては、上記した特許文献３にエレメントの終端側に電波反射抑制部材を設けて交差偏波比を向上させる技術が開示されているが、特許文献３はエレメントが同一平面上に形成されたスパイラルアンテナを対象としたものであり、ヘリカルアンテナを対象として低姿勢を実現しながらも交差偏波比を向上させる構成が要望されている。   A helical antenna is a traveling wave type antenna that radiates radio waves when a forward current flows from the tip side to the end side of an element that is formed in a spiral shape to generate circularly polarized waves. ing. By the way, in the configuration in which the element is formed in a spiral and in a low posture, a forward current flows from the tip side to the end side of the element, while a reverse current flows from the end side to the tip side of the element. There is a problem in that the cross polarization ratio decreases due to the flow of. To solve the problem that the cross polarization ratio decreases, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for improving the cross polarization ratio by providing a radio wave reflection suppressing member on the terminal end side of the element. Is intended for spiral antennas whose elements are formed on the same plane, and there is a demand for a configuration that improves the cross polarization ratio while realizing a low profile for helical antennas.

本発明は、上記した事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、低姿勢を実現しながらも交差偏波比を向上させることができ、しかも、自立可能で且つ強度及び耐震性をも向上させることができるヘリカルアンテナを提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and the object thereof is to improve the cross polarization ratio while realizing a low posture, and is capable of being independent and having strength and earthquake resistance. The object is to provide a helical antenna that can be improved.

請求項１に記載した発明によれば、先端側から終端側に向かって螺旋状に成形されている螺旋部を有する線状導体部材からなるエレメントに、先端側が螺旋部の終端側に連続し且つ終端側が基板から所定距離だけ離れて螺旋部の螺旋中心軸上に位置するように渦巻状に成形されている渦巻部と、先端側が渦巻部の終端側に連続し且つ先端側から終端側に向かって基板に対して垂直に成形されている垂直部とを設けると共に、垂直部の終端側とアンテナ地板部分とを整合させる整合素子を設けたので、エレメントの先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れることで電波を放射させ、円偏波を発生させることができながらも、垂直部の終端側とアンテナ地板部分とを整合させる整合素子を設けたことにより、エレメントの終端側から先端側に向かって逆方向の電流が流れることを抑制することができ、低姿勢を実現しながらも交差偏波比を向上させることができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, the element is formed of a linear conductor member having a spiral portion that is spirally formed from the tip side toward the end side, and the tip side is continuous with the end side of the spiral portion; A spiral portion formed in a spiral shape so that the end side is a predetermined distance away from the substrate and is located on the spiral central axis of the spiral portion, and the tip side is continuous with the end side of the spiral portion and extends from the tip side toward the end side. And a matching element that aligns the termination side of the vertical part and the antenna ground plane part, so that the forward direction from the tip side of the element toward the termination side is provided. The current from the end of the element can be radiated and circular polarization can be generated, but by providing a matching element that matches the end of the vertical part with the antenna ground plane, A reverse current flows can be suppressed toward while providing a low profile can also improve the cross polarization ratio.

また、螺旋部の先端側をアンテナ地板部分に接続して給電点を形成すると共に、垂直部の終端側を基板に対して支持するように構成したので、エレメントを２点で支持することができ、自立可能で且つ強度及び耐震性をも向上させることができる。また、螺旋部の終端側と垂直部の先端側とを接続する渦巻部を渦巻状に成形したので、渦巻部の形状を螺旋部の形状に似させることにより、渦巻部からの電波の放射が螺旋部からの電波の放射に与える影響を抑制することができ、円偏波を適切に発生させることができる。   In addition, since the front end side of the spiral portion is connected to the antenna ground plane portion to form a feeding point, and the terminal end side of the vertical portion is supported with respect to the substrate, the element can be supported at two points. It can be self-supporting and can also improve strength and earthquake resistance. In addition, since the spiral portion connecting the terminal end side of the spiral portion and the tip end side of the vertical portion is formed into a spiral shape, by making the shape of the spiral portion resemble the shape of the spiral portion, radiation of radio waves from the spiral portion is reduced. The influence on the radiation of the radio wave from the spiral portion can be suppressed, and the circularly polarized wave can be appropriately generated.

請求項３に記載した発明によれば、基板の表面に絶縁部を挟んで互いに絶縁された２つの導体部分を薄膜状に形成し、螺旋部の先端側をアンテナ地板として作用する一方の導体部分に接続し、垂直部の終端側を他方の導体部分に接続し、コンデンサ素子として２つの導体部分にあって絶縁部を挟んで対向する部分の間で容量結合を発生させるように構成したので、螺旋部の終端側とアンテナ地板部分とを整合させるために基板の表面に絶縁部を挟んで互いに絶縁された２つの導体部分を薄膜状に形成すれば良く、新たな部材を必要とすることなく垂直部の終端側とアンテナ地板部分とを整合させることができる。   According to the invention described in claim 3, the two conductor portions insulated from each other with the insulating portion sandwiched between the surfaces of the substrate are formed in a thin film shape, and the one conductor portion that acts as the antenna ground plane at the tip side of the spiral portion Connected to the other conductor portion, and the capacitor element is configured to generate capacitive coupling between the two conductor portions as opposed to each other across the insulating portion as a capacitor element. In order to align the terminal end side of the spiral portion and the antenna ground plane portion, it is only necessary to form two conductor portions insulated from each other across the insulating portion on the surface of the substrate without using a new member. The termination side of the vertical portion and the antenna ground plane portion can be aligned.

請求項４に記載した発明によれば、基板の表面に導体部分を薄膜状に形成し、螺旋部の先端側をアンテナ地板として作用する導体部分に接続し、垂直部の終端側と導体部分との間に間隙を形成して当該間隙に誘電体部材を設け、コンデンサ素子として垂直部の終端側と導体部分にあって当該垂直部の終端側に対向する部分との間で容量結合を発生させるように構成したので、垂直部の終端側の面積や垂直部の終端側と導体部分との間の距離や誘電体部材の誘電率を選択することにより、垂直部の終端側とアンテナ地板部分とを高い精度で整合させることができる。   According to the invention described in claim 4, the conductor portion is formed in a thin film shape on the surface of the substrate, the tip end side of the spiral portion is connected to the conductor portion acting as the antenna ground plane, the terminal end side of the vertical portion, the conductor portion, Forming a gap between them and providing a dielectric member in the gap to generate capacitive coupling between the terminal end side of the vertical portion and the portion facing the terminal end side of the vertical portion as a capacitor element By selecting the area of the vertical end, the distance between the vertical end and the conductor, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric member, the vertical end and the antenna ground plane Can be matched with high accuracy.

請求項５に記載した発明によれば、動作周波数が異なる他のアンテナと共に統合アンテナ地板上に実装し、車載統合アンテナの一アンテナとして機能させるように構成したので、車載統合アンテナの一アンテナとして適用することができ、車両に搭載されるという点で設置スペースの制約がある事情を考慮すると、低姿勢を実現することで多大な効果を得ることができる。   According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the antenna is mounted on the integrated antenna ground plate together with other antennas having different operating frequencies, and is configured to function as one antenna of the vehicle-mounted integrated antenna. In view of the fact that the installation space is limited in that it can be mounted on a vehicle, a great effect can be obtained by realizing a low posture.

請求項６に記載した発明によれば、螺旋部の螺旋中心軸が統合アンテナ地板の面方向に対して垂直方向から所定角度だけ傾斜した方向となるように実装し、ＥＴＣ（ノンストップ自動料金収受システム）通信用のアンテナとして用いるように構成したので、ノンストップ自動料金収受システム用のアンテナとしてパッチアンテナを用いる場合と比較すると、パッチアンテナでは指向性が広角であるが故に車内のマルチパス環境下では特にワイパの影響を受けて通信動作中に受信電力が急激に落ち込む点（ヌル点）が発生するが、一方、ヘリカルアンテナでは指向性が鋭角であるが故に通信動作中に受信電力が急激に落ち込む点が発生することがなく、路上機との間で正常な通信動作を確保することできる。   According to the invention described in claim 6, the spiral central axis of the spiral portion is mounted so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle from the vertical direction with respect to the surface direction of the integrated antenna ground plane, and ETC (non-stop automatic toll collection) System) Because it is configured to be used as an antenna for communication, compared to the case where a patch antenna is used as an antenna for a non-stop automatic toll collection system, the patch antenna has a wide angle and therefore has a multipath environment in the vehicle. In particular, there is a point where the received power drops sharply during communication operation due to the influence of the wiper (null point). On the other hand, the helical antenna has a sharp directivity, so the received power suddenly drops during communication operation. There is no occurrence of depression, and normal communication operation can be ensured with the roadside device.

（第１の実施形態）
以下、本発明をＥＴＣ（ノンストップ自動料金収受システム）用のアンテナとして適用した第１の実施形態について、図１ないし図５を参照して説明する。ヘリカルアンテナ１は、図１に示すように、例えば銅線や鋼線を材料とする線状導体部材からなるエレメント２が基板３上に搭載されて構成されている。基板３の表面には略全体にわたって例えば銅箔からなる導体部分４が薄膜状に形成されている。 (First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment in which the present invention is applied as an antenna for an ETC (non-stop automatic toll collection system) will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, the helical antenna 1 is configured by mounting an element 2 made of a linear conductor member made of, for example, copper wire or steel wire on a substrate 3. On the surface of the substrate 3, a conductor portion 4 made of, for example, copper foil is formed in a thin film shape over substantially the entire surface.

エレメント２は、その先端側から終端側に向かって基板３から遠ざかるように螺旋状に成形されている螺旋部５と、先端側が螺旋部５の終端側に連続し且つ終端側が基板３から所定距離だけ離れて螺旋部５の螺旋中心軸上に位置するように渦巻状に成形されている渦巻部６と、先端側が渦巻部６の終端側に連続し且つ先端側から終端側に向かって基板３の面方向に対して垂直方向に成形されている垂直部７とを有する形状に成形されている。螺旋部５は螺旋中心軸（ヘリカル軸）に対する曲率が一定の部分であり、渦巻部６は螺旋中心軸に対する曲率が先端側から終端側に向かうに連れて大きくなる部分である。また、螺旋部５の終端側と垂直部７の先端側とは基板３からの高さが同じであり、つまり、渦巻部６は基板３の面方向に対して平行に形成されている。   The element 2 includes a spiral portion 5 that is formed in a spiral shape so as to move away from the substrate 3 from the tip side toward the end side, the tip side is continuous with the end side of the spiral portion 5, and the end side is a predetermined distance from the substrate 3. A spiral portion 6 formed in a spiral shape so as to be located on the spiral central axis of the spiral portion 5 and a substrate 3 whose tip side is continuous with the end side of the spiral portion 6 and from the tip side toward the end side. It is shape | molded in the shape which has the perpendicular | vertical part 7 shape | molded by the orthogonal | vertical direction with respect to the surface direction. The spiral portion 5 is a portion having a constant curvature with respect to the spiral center axis (helical axis), and the spiral portion 6 is a portion where the curvature with respect to the spiral center axis increases from the front end side toward the terminal end side. Further, the end side of the spiral portion 5 and the tip side of the vertical portion 7 have the same height from the substrate 3, that is, the spiral portion 6 is formed in parallel to the surface direction of the substrate 3.

基板３の表面中心部には導体部分４が形成されていない円環状の絶縁部８が形成されており、導体部分４は絶縁部８の内側部分と外側部分とに分割されている。この場合、絶縁部８は例えば予めマスキングされた状態で導体部分４が蒸着されることで形成されても良いし導体部分４が蒸着された後に剥離されることで形成されても良い。導体部分４にあって絶縁部８の外側部分はアンテナ地板部分９とされており、エレメント２の先端側（螺旋部５の先端側）はアンテナ地板部分９に接続されて給電点１０が形成されている。エレメント２の終端側（垂直部７の終端側）は導体部分４にあって絶縁部８の内側部分に接続されている。ヘリカルアンテナ１は、例えば動作周波数が５．８［ＧＨｚ］、直径が１８［ｍｍ］、高さ（基板３から螺旋部５の終端側までの距離）が５［ｍｍ］、巻数が２．５［ターン］の右旋円偏波である。   An annular insulating portion 8 in which the conductor portion 4 is not formed is formed at the center of the surface of the substrate 3, and the conductor portion 4 is divided into an inner portion and an outer portion of the insulating portion 8. In this case, the insulating part 8 may be formed by, for example, vapor-depositing the conductor part 4 in a masked state in advance, or may be formed by peeling after the conductor part 4 is vapor-deposited. The outer portion of the insulating portion 8 in the conductor portion 4 is an antenna ground plane portion 9, and the leading end side of the element 2 (the distal end side of the spiral portion 5) is connected to the antenna ground plane portion 9 to form a feeding point 10. ing. The end side of the element 2 (the end side of the vertical portion 7) is in the conductor portion 4 and is connected to the inner portion of the insulating portion 8. The helical antenna 1 has, for example, an operating frequency of 5.8 [GHz], a diameter of 18 [mm], a height (distance from the substrate 3 to the terminal side of the spiral portion 5) of 5 [mm], and a number of turns of 2.5. [Turn] right-handed circularly polarized wave.

上記した構成では、給電点１０を介してエレメント２に電力が供給されると、エレメント２の先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れることで電波を放射させ、右旋円偏波を発生させる。この場合、エレメント２の先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れる一方で、エレメント２の終端側から先端側に向かって逆方向の電流が流れるが、上記したようにエレメント２の先端側が導体部分４にあって絶縁部８の外側部分に接続され、エレメント２の終端側が導体部分４にあって絶縁部８の内側部分に接続されているので、導体部分４にあって絶縁部８の内側部分と外側部分との間でコンデンサが形成されて容量結合が発生される（インピーダンスが整合される）。その結果、エレメント２の終端側から先端側に向かって逆方向の電流が流れることを抑制することができ、左旋円偏波の発生を抑制することができる。   In the configuration described above, when electric power is supplied to the element 2 via the feeding point 10, a forward current flows from the front end side to the end side of the element 2 to radiate radio waves, and right-handed circular polarization Is generated. In this case, a forward current flows from the front end side of the element 2 toward the terminal end side, while a reverse current flows from the terminal end side of the element 2 toward the front end side. Since the side is in the conductor part 4 and is connected to the outer part of the insulating part 8, and the terminal side of the element 2 is in the conductor part 4 and is connected to the inner part of the insulating part 8, the conductor part 4 is in the insulating part 8 Capacitors are formed between the inner and outer portions of the capacitor to generate capacitive coupling (impedance matching). As a result, it is possible to suppress the flow of current in the reverse direction from the terminal end side to the tip end side of the element 2 and to suppress the occurrence of left-handed circularly polarized waves.

ここで、渦巻部６及び垂直部７が形成されていない図２に示す構成と本実施形態で説明した渦巻部６及び垂直部７が形成されている図１に示す構成とについてアンテナの利得をシミュレーションした結果を図３に示す。渦巻部６及び垂直部７が形成されていない構成では基板３の面方向に対して垂直方向（ｚ軸方向）の右旋円偏波の利得と左旋円偏波の利得との差は４．５［ｄＢ］であるが、一方、渦巻部６及び垂直部７が形成されている構成では基板３の面方向に対して垂直方向の右旋円偏波の利得と左旋円偏波の利得との差は１５．５［ｄＢ］であり、渦巻部６及び垂直部７が形成されていることで交差偏波比が１１［ｄＢ］だけ改善されていることが判る。   Here, the antenna gain is set for the configuration shown in FIG. 2 in which the spiral portion 6 and the vertical portion 7 are not formed and the configuration shown in FIG. 1 in which the spiral portion 6 and the vertical portion 7 described in the present embodiment are formed. The simulation result is shown in FIG. In the configuration in which the spiral portion 6 and the vertical portion 7 are not formed, the difference between the right-handed circularly polarized gain and the left-handed circularly polarized gain in the direction perpendicular to the plane direction of the substrate 3 (z-axis direction) is 4. On the other hand, in the configuration in which the spiral portion 6 and the vertical portion 7 are formed, the gain of right-handed circular polarization and the gain of left-handed circular polarization in the direction perpendicular to the surface direction of the substrate 3 are Is 15.5 [dB], and it can be seen that the cross polarization ratio is improved by 11 [dB] because the spiral portion 6 and the vertical portion 7 are formed.

ところで、上記したヘリカルアンテナ１の用途の１つとしては、車両に搭載される車載統合アンテナのＥＴＣ（ノンストップ自動料金収受システム）通信用のアンテナとして用いることが挙げられる。図４は、上記したヘリカルアンテナ１を搭載した車載統合アンテナの構成を示している。車載統合アンテナ１１は、動作周波数が８００［ＭＨｚ］の電話通信用のアンテナ１２，１３、動作周波数が１．５［ＧＨｚ］のＧＰＳ受信用のアンテナ１４、動作周波数が２．５［ＧＨｚ］のＶＩＣＳ受信用のアンテナ１５、動作周波数が５．８［ＧＨｚ］のＥＴＣ通信用のアンテナとしてのヘリカルアンテナ１が導体部材からなる統合アンテナ地板１６上に実装されて構成されている。   By the way, one of the uses of the above-described helical antenna 1 is to use it as an antenna for ETC (non-stop automatic toll collection system) communication of an in-vehicle integrated antenna mounted on a vehicle. FIG. 4 shows the configuration of an in-vehicle integrated antenna equipped with the helical antenna 1 described above. The vehicle-mounted integrated antenna 11 includes telephone communication antennas 12 and 13 having an operating frequency of 800 [MHz], a GPS receiving antenna 14 having an operating frequency of 1.5 [GHz], and an operating frequency of 2.5 [GHz]. An antenna 15 for receiving VICS and a helical antenna 1 as an antenna for ETC communication having an operating frequency of 5.8 [GHz] are mounted on an integrated antenna ground plate 16 made of a conductor member.

電話通信用のアンテナ１２，１３は、統合アンテナ地板１６の一部が切起こされて線状のエレメントが形成されてなる非対称の変形折り返しアンテナにより構成されている。ＧＰＳ受信用のアンテナ１４は、板状のエレメント（金属板材）１７を搭載した矩形状の誘電体部材１８がサブ基板１９に実装されて構成されている。ＶＩＣＳ受信用のアンテナ１５は、サブ基板１９上に形成された導体パターン２０により構成されている。尚、サブ基板１９は台座（図示せず）により統合アンテナ地板１６の面方向に対して所定角度だけ傾斜されている。また、ＥＴＣ通信用のアンテナとして機能するヘリカルアンテナ１の基板３も台座（図示せず）により統合アンテナ地板１６の面方向に対して所定角度だけ傾斜さ
れている。 The antennas 12 and 13 for telephone communication are configured by asymmetrical folded antennas in which a part of the integrated antenna ground plate 16 is cut and raised to form a linear element. The GPS receiving antenna 14 is configured by mounting a rectangular dielectric member 18 on which a plate-like element (metal plate material) 17 is mounted on a sub-board 19. The VICS receiving antenna 15 is composed of a conductor pattern 20 formed on the sub-board 19. The sub board 19 is inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the surface direction of the integrated antenna ground plane 16 by a pedestal (not shown). The board 3 of the helical antenna 1 that functions as an antenna for ETC communication is also inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the surface direction of the integrated antenna ground plane 16 by a pedestal (not shown).

これらヘリカルアンテナ１、電話通信用のアンテナ１２，１３、ＧＰＳ受信用のアンテナ１４及びＶＩＣＳ受信用のアンテナ１５は同軸ケーブルからなる給電ケーブルを介して電力が供給される。そして、このように構成されてなる車載統合アンテナ１１は例えばインストルメントパネルの内部に配置され、ヘリカルアンテナ１のヘリカル軸方向が車両前方を向いて水平方向から約２３度だけ傾斜するように搭載される。   Electric power is supplied to the helical antenna 1, the antennas 12 and 13 for telephone communication, the antenna 14 for GPS reception, and the antenna 15 for VICS reception via a feeding cable made of a coaxial cable. The in-vehicle integrated antenna 11 configured as described above is disposed, for example, inside the instrument panel, and is mounted so that the helical axis direction of the helical antenna 1 faces the front of the vehicle and is inclined by about 23 degrees from the horizontal direction. The

ここで、従来のパッチアンテナをＥＴＣ通信用のアンテナとして採用した構成と本実施形態で説明したヘリカルアンテナ１をＥＴＣ通信用のアンテナとして採用した図４に示す構成とについて路上機に対する車両位置と受信電力との関係を実測した結果を図５に示す。従来のパッチアンテナをＥＴＣ通信用のアンテナとして採用した構成ではパッチアンテナの指向性が広角であるが故に車内のマルチパス環境下では特にワイパの影響を受けて通信動作中に受信電力が急激に落ち込む点（ヌル点）が発生するが、一方、ヘリカルアンテナ１をＥＴＣ通信用のアンテナとして採用した構成ではヘリカルアンテナの指向性が鋭角であるが故に通信動作中に受信電力が急激に落ち込む点が発生することがないことが判る。   Here, the vehicle position and the reception with respect to the on-road unit with respect to the configuration in which the conventional patch antenna is adopted as the antenna for ETC communication and the configuration shown in FIG. 4 in which the helical antenna 1 described in the present embodiment is adopted as the antenna for ETC communication. The result of actual measurement of the relationship with electric power is shown in FIG. In a configuration in which a conventional patch antenna is used as an antenna for ETC communication, the directivity of the patch antenna is wide-angled. Therefore, in a multipath environment in a vehicle, the received power drastically drops during communication operation, particularly under the influence of a wiper. A point (null point) is generated. On the other hand, in the configuration in which the helical antenna 1 is used as an antenna for ETC communication, the reception power sharply drops during communication operation because the directivity of the helical antenna is acute. You can see that there is nothing to do.

以上に説明したように第１の実施形態によれば、ヘリカルアンテナ１のエレメント２を、先端側から終端側に向かって螺旋状に成形されている螺旋部５と、先端側が螺旋部５の終端側に連続し且つ終端側が基板３から所定距離だけ離れて螺旋部５の螺旋中心軸上に位置するように渦巻状に成形されている渦巻部６と、先端側が渦巻部６の終端側に連続し且つ先端側から終端側に向かって基板３に対して垂直に成形されている垂直部７とを有する形状に成形し、エレメント２の終端側とアンテナ地板部分９との間で容量結合を発生させて整合させるように構成したので、エレメント２の先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れることで電波を放射させ、右旋円偏波を発生させることができながらも、エレメント２の終端側から先端側に向かって逆方向の電流が流れることを抑制することができ、低姿勢を実現しながらも交差偏波比を向上させることができる。   As described above, according to the first embodiment, the element 2 of the helical antenna 1 includes the spiral portion 5 that is formed in a spiral shape from the front end side toward the end side, and the end side of the spiral portion 5 at the front end side. A spiral portion 6 that is formed in a spiral shape so as to be located on the spiral central axis of the spiral portion 5 at a predetermined distance away from the substrate 3 and the distal end side is continuous with the distal end side of the spiral portion 6. And formed into a shape having a vertical portion 7 formed perpendicularly to the substrate 3 from the front end side to the terminal end side, and capacitive coupling is generated between the terminal end side of the element 2 and the antenna ground plane portion 9. Since the forward current flows from the leading end side to the terminating end side of the element 2 to radiate radio waves and generate right-handed circularly polarized wave, the element 2 From the end side to the tip side It is possible to prevent the reverse current flows off, while achieving a low profile can also improve the cross polarization ratio.

また、エレメント２の先端側をアンテナ地板部分９に接続して給電点１０を形成すると共に、エレメント２の終端側を基板３に対して支持するように構成したので、エレメントを２点で支持することができ、自立可能で且つ強度及び耐震性をも向上させることができる。また、渦巻部６を渦巻状に成形したので、渦巻部６の形状を螺旋部５の形状に似させることにより、渦巻部６からの電波の放射が螺旋部５からの電波の放射に与える影響を抑制することができ、右旋円偏波を適切に発生させることができる。さらに、基板３に絶縁部８を形成し、導体部分４にあって絶縁部８の内側部分と外側部分との間で容量結合を発生させるように構成したので、新たな部材を必要とすることなくエレメント２の終端側とアンテナ地板部分９とを整合させることができる。   In addition, since the front end side of the element 2 is connected to the antenna ground plane portion 9 to form the feeding point 10, and the terminal end side of the element 2 is supported with respect to the substrate 3, the element is supported at two points. It can be self-supporting and can improve strength and earthquake resistance. Further, since the spiral portion 6 is formed in a spiral shape, the radiation of the radio wave from the spiral portion 6 has an influence on the radiation of the radio wave from the spiral portion 5 by making the shape of the spiral portion 6 similar to the shape of the spiral portion 5. And right-handed circularly polarized waves can be appropriately generated. Further, since the insulating portion 8 is formed on the substrate 3 and the capacitive coupling is generated between the inner portion and the outer portion of the insulating portion 8 in the conductor portion 4, a new member is required. Therefore, the terminal end side of the element 2 and the antenna ground plane portion 9 can be aligned.

（第２の実施形態）
次に、本発明の第２の実施形態について、図６及び図７を参照して説明する。尚、上記した第１の実施形態と同一部分については説明を省略し、異なる部分について説明する。上記した第１の実施形態は、基板３に絶縁部８を形成し、導体部分４にあって絶縁部８の内側部分と外側部分との間で容量結合を発生させるように構成したものであるが、第２の実施形態は、誘電体部材を用いて容量結合を発生させるように構成したものである。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the same part as above-mentioned 1st Embodiment, and a different part is demonstrated. In the first embodiment described above, the insulating portion 8 is formed on the substrate 3, and the capacitive portion is generated between the inner portion and the outer portion of the insulating portion 8 in the conductor portion 4. However, the second embodiment is configured to generate capacitive coupling using a dielectric member.

ヘリカルアンテナ２１は、エレメント２２が基板２３上に搭載されて構成されており、基板２３の表面には上記した第１の実施形態で説明した絶縁部８が形成されていることはなく、基板２３の表面には全体にわたって例えば銅箔からなる導体部分２４が薄膜状に形成されている。エレメント２２は、上記した第１の実施形態で説明した螺旋部５と渦巻部６と垂直部７とに相当する螺旋部２５と渦巻部２６と垂直部２７とを有する形状に成形されている。この場合、垂直部２７は、第１の実施形態で説明した垂直部７よりも全長が僅かに短く、その終端側は他の部分よりも径大な径大部２７ａとされている。径大部２７ａと基板２３との間には間隙が形成され、その間隙には誘電体部材２８が配置されている。導体部分２４は全体がアンテナ地板部分２９であり、エレメント２２の先端側（螺旋部２５の先端側）はアンテナ地板部分２９に接続されて給電点３０が形成されている。   The helical antenna 21 is configured by mounting the element 22 on the substrate 23, and the insulating portion 8 described in the first embodiment is not formed on the surface of the substrate 23. On the entire surface, a conductor portion 24 made of, for example, copper foil is formed in a thin film shape. The element 22 is formed into a shape having a spiral portion 25, a spiral portion 26, and a vertical portion 27 corresponding to the spiral portion 5, the spiral portion 6, and the vertical portion 7 described in the first embodiment. In this case, the vertical portion 27 has a slightly shorter overall length than the vertical portion 7 described in the first embodiment, and the end side thereof is a large-diameter portion 27a having a larger diameter than other portions. A gap is formed between the large diameter portion 27a and the substrate 23, and a dielectric member 28 is disposed in the gap. The entire conductor portion 24 is an antenna ground plane portion 29, and the leading end side of the element 22 (the distal end side of the spiral portion 25) is connected to the antenna ground plane portion 29 to form a feeding point 30.

上記した構成では、給電点３０を介してエレメント２２に電力が供給されると、エレメント２２の先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れることで電波を放射させ、右旋円偏波を発生させることになり、この場合も、エレメント２２の先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れる一方で、エレメント２２の終端側から先端側に向かって逆方向の電流が流れるが、上記したようにエレメント２２の先端側が導体部分２４に接続され、エレメント２２の終端側が誘電体部材２８を介して導体部分２４に接続されているので、エレメント２２の終端側と導体部分２４との間でコンデンサが形成されて容量結合が発生される。その結果、この場合も、上記した第１の実施形態に記載したものと同様にしてエレメント２２の終端側から先端側に向かって逆方向の電流が流れることを抑制することができ、左旋円偏波の発生を抑制することができる。   In the configuration described above, when electric power is supplied to the element 22 via the feeding point 30, a forward current flows from the front end side to the end side of the element 22 to radiate radio waves, and right-handed circular polarization In this case as well, a forward current flows from the tip side of the element 22 toward the end side, while a reverse current flows from the end side of the element 22 toward the tip side. As described above, the tip end side of the element 22 is connected to the conductor portion 24, and the terminal end side of the element 22 is connected to the conductor portion 24 via the dielectric member 28. Thus, a capacitor is formed and capacitive coupling is generated. As a result, in this case as well, in the same manner as described in the first embodiment described above, it is possible to suppress a reverse current from flowing from the terminal end side to the tip end side of the element 22, thereby Wave generation can be suppressed.

以上に説明したように第２の実施形態によれば、ヘリカルアンテナ２１のエレメント２２を、先端側から終端側に向かって螺旋状に成形されている螺旋部２５と、先端側が螺旋部２５の終端側に連続し且つ終端側が基板２３から所定距離だけ離れて螺旋部２５の螺旋中心軸上に位置するように渦巻状に成形されている渦巻部２６と、先端側が渦巻部２６の終端側に連続し且つ先端側から終端側に向かって基板２３に対して垂直に成形されている垂直部７とを有する形状に成形し、エレメント２２の終端側とアンテナ地板部分２９との間で容量結合を発生させて整合させるように構成したので、上記した第１の実施形態に記載したものと同様にして、エレメント２２の先端側から終端側に向かって順方向の電流が流れることで電波を放射させ、右旋円偏波を発生させることができながらも、エレメント２２の終端側から先端側に向かって逆方向の電流が流れることを抑制することができ、低姿勢を実現しながらも交差偏波比を向上させることができる。   As described above, according to the second embodiment, the element 22 of the helical antenna 21 includes the spiral portion 25 that is formed in a spiral shape from the front end side toward the end side, and the end side of the spiral portion 25 at the front end side. A spiral portion 26 which is formed in a spiral shape so as to be located on the spiral central axis of the spiral portion 25 with a predetermined distance away from the substrate 23 and a distal end side continuous with the end side of the spiral portion 26. And formed into a shape having a vertical portion 7 formed perpendicularly to the substrate 23 from the front end side to the terminal end side, and capacitive coupling is generated between the terminal end side of the element 22 and the antenna ground plane portion 29. Since it is configured to be matched, in the same manner as described in the first embodiment described above, a forward current flows from the tip side to the terminal side of the element 22 to radiate radio waves, While it is possible to generate a circularly polarized wave, it is possible to suppress the flow of a reverse current from the terminal side to the tip side of the element 22, and the cross polarization ratio can be reduced while realizing a low posture. Can be improved.

また、エレメント２２の先端側をアンテナ地板部分２９に接続して給電点３０を形成すると共に、エレメント２２の終端側を誘電体部材２８を介して基板２３に対して支持するように構成したので、エレメント２２を２点で支持することができ、自立可能で且つ強度及び耐震性をも向上させることができる。さらに、エレメント２２の終端側とアンテナ地板部分２９との間に誘電体部材２９を介在させるように構成したので、垂直部２７の径大部２７ａの面積や径大部２７ａとアンテナ地板部分２９との間の距離や誘電体部材２９の誘電率を選択することにより、エレメント２２とアンテナ地板部分２９とを高い精度で整合させることができる。   In addition, since the leading end side of the element 22 is connected to the antenna ground plane portion 29 to form the feeding point 30, and the terminal end side of the element 22 is supported with respect to the substrate 23 via the dielectric member 28. The element 22 can be supported at two points, can stand by itself, and can improve strength and earthquake resistance. Further, since the dielectric member 29 is interposed between the terminal end side of the element 22 and the antenna ground plane portion 29, the area of the large diameter portion 27a of the vertical portion 27, the large diameter portion 27a, the antenna ground plane portion 29, By selecting the distance between them and the dielectric constant of the dielectric member 29, the element 22 and the antenna ground plane portion 29 can be matched with high accuracy.

（その他の実施形態）
本発明は、上記した実施形態にのみ限定されるものではなく、以下のように変形または拡張することができる。
整合素子としてコンデンサ素子を採用する構成に限らず、整合素子として抵抗素子やコイルを採用する構成であっても良い。 (Other embodiments)
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified or expanded as follows.
The configuration is not limited to the configuration using a capacitor element as the matching element, and may be a configuration using a resistance element or a coil as the matching element.

本発明の第１の実施形態を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention 渦巻部及び垂直部が形成されていない構成を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the structure in which the spiral part and the vertical part are not formed アンテナの利得をシミュレーションした結果を示す図The figure which shows the result of having simulated the gain of the antenna 車載統合アンテナの斜視図Perspective view of in-vehicle integrated antenna 路上機に対する車両位置と受信電力との関係を実測した結果を示す図The figure which shows the result of having measured the relationship between the vehicle position and the received power with respect to the road equipment 本発明の第２の実施形態を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 縦断面を示す斜視図Perspective view showing a longitudinal section

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

図面中、１はヘリカルアンテナ、２はエレメント、３は基板、４は導体部分、５は螺旋部、６は渦巻部、７は垂直部、８は絶縁部、９はアンテナ地板部分、１０は給電点、１１は車載統合アンテナ、１６は統合アンテナ地板、２１はヘリカルアンテナ、２２はエレメント、２３は基板、２４は導体部分、２５は螺旋部、２６は渦巻部、２７は垂直部、２８は誘電体部材、２９はアンテナ地板部分、３０は給電点である。   In the drawings, 1 is a helical antenna, 2 is an element, 3 is a substrate, 4 is a conductor portion, 5 is a spiral portion, 6 is a spiral portion, 7 is a vertical portion, 8 is an insulating portion, 9 is an antenna ground plane portion, and 10 is a power supply. Point, 11 is an in-vehicle integrated antenna, 16 is an integrated antenna ground plane, 21 is a helical antenna, 22 is an element, 23 is a substrate, 24 is a conductor portion, 25 is a spiral portion, 26 is a spiral portion, 27 is a vertical portion, and 28 is a dielectric A body member, 29 is an antenna ground plane portion, and 30 is a feeding point.

Claims (6)

先端側から終端側に向かって螺旋状に成形されている螺旋部を有する線状導体部材からなるエレメントを有し、前記螺旋部の先端側が基板のアンテナ地板部分に接続されて給電点が形成された状態で前記基板上に実装されてなるヘリカルアンテナであって、
前記エレメントに、先端側が前記螺旋部の終端側に連続し且つ終端側が前記基板から所定距離だけ離れて前記螺旋部の螺旋中心軸上に位置するように渦巻状に成形されている渦巻部と、先端側が前記渦巻部の終端側に連続し且つ先端側から終端側に向かって前記基板の面方向に対して垂直方向に成形されている垂直部とを設けると共に、
前記垂直部の終端側と前記アンテナ地板部分とを整合させる整合素子を設け、
前記垂直部の終端側を前記基板に対して支持したことを特徴とするヘリカルアンテナ。 It has an element composed of a linear conductor member having a spiral portion that is spirally formed from the front end side toward the end side, and the front end side of the spiral portion is connected to the antenna ground plane portion of the substrate to form a feeding point. A helical antenna mounted on the substrate in a state of being
A spiral portion formed in a spiral shape on the element such that the tip side is continuous with the end side of the spiral portion and the end side is located a predetermined distance away from the substrate and located on the spiral center axis of the spiral portion; Providing a vertical portion that is continuous with the end side of the spiral portion and is formed in a direction perpendicular to the surface direction of the substrate from the front end side toward the end side;
Providing a matching element for matching the terminal end side of the vertical part and the antenna ground plane part;
A helical antenna characterized in that a terminal side of the vertical portion is supported with respect to the substrate. 請求項１に記載したヘリカルアンテナにおいて、
前記整合素子をコンデンサ素子により構成したことを特徴とするヘリカルアンテナ。 The helical antenna according to claim 1,
A helical antenna, wherein the matching element is a capacitor element. 請求項２に記載したヘリカルアンテナにおいて、
前記基板の表面に絶縁部を挟んで互いに絶縁された２つの導体部分を薄膜状に形成し、前記螺旋部の先端側を前記アンテナ地板として作用する一方の導体部分に接続し、前記垂直部の終端側を他方の導体部分に接続し、前記コンデンサ素子として前記２つの導体部分にあって前記絶縁部を挟んで対向する部分の間で容量結合を発生させるように構成したことを特徴とするヘリカルアンテナ。 The helical antenna according to claim 2,
Two conductor portions insulated from each other across the insulating portion on the surface of the substrate are formed in a thin film shape, the leading end side of the spiral portion is connected to one conductor portion acting as the antenna ground plane, and the vertical portion A helical structure characterized in that a terminal side is connected to the other conductor portion, and the capacitive element is formed between the two conductor portions as the capacitor element and facing each other across the insulating portion. antenna. 請求項２に記載したヘリカルアンテナにおいて、
前記基板の表面に導体部分を薄膜状に形成し、前記螺旋部の先端側を前記アンテナ地板として作用する前記導体部分に接続し、前記垂直部の終端側と前記導体部分との間に間隙を形成して当該間隙に誘電体部材を設け、前記コンデンサ素子として前記垂直部の終端側と前記導体部分にあって当該前記垂直部の終端側に対向する部分との間で容量結合を発生させるように構成したことを特徴とするヘリカルアンテナ。 The helical antenna according to claim 2,
A conductor portion is formed in a thin film on the surface of the substrate, the tip end side of the spiral portion is connected to the conductor portion acting as the antenna ground plane, and a gap is formed between the terminal end side of the vertical portion and the conductor portion. And forming a dielectric member in the gap so as to generate capacitive coupling between the terminal end side of the vertical portion and the portion of the conductor portion facing the terminal end side of the vertical portion as the capacitor element. Helical antenna characterized in that it is configured. 請求項１ないし４のいずれかに記載したヘリカルアンテナにおいて、
動作周波数が異なる他のアンテナと共に統合アンテナ地板上に実装し、車載統合アンテナの一アンテナとして機能させることを特徴とするヘリカルアンテナ。 The helical antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A helical antenna that is mounted on an integrated antenna ground plane together with other antennas having different operating frequencies and functions as one antenna of an in-vehicle integrated antenna. 請求項５に記載したヘリカルアンテナにおいて、
前記螺旋部の螺旋中心軸が前記統合アンテナ地板の面方向に対して垂直方向から所定角度だけ傾斜した方向となるように実装し、ＥＴＣ（ノンストップ自動料金収受システム）通信用のアンテナとして用いることを特徴とするヘリカルアンテナ。 The helical antenna according to claim 5,
Mounted so that the spiral central axis of the spiral portion is inclined by a predetermined angle from the vertical direction with respect to the surface direction of the integrated antenna ground plane, and used as an antenna for ETC (non-stop automatic toll collection system) communication Helical antenna characterized by
JP2008130670A 2008-05-19 2008-05-19 Axial mode helical antenna Expired - Fee Related JP5001218B2 (en)

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