JP2009110031A - Liquid crystal display element, and television set using the liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display element of wide viewing angle improved in angle dependency, and a liquid crystal display device and a broadcasting receiving apparatus using the liquid crystal display element. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid crystal display element includes a liquid crystal cell including a twist-aligned liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates; first and second polarizing layers arranged to sandwich the liquid crystal cell therebetween so that their absorption axes are set to be parallel with directions crossing orientation treatment direction of the substrates; and viewing angle compensators respectively arranged between the polarizing layers and the liquid crystal cell. A total value of retardations in a thickness direction, defined as a value of a product of a phase difference within a plane perpendicular to substrate surfaces of the liquid crystal cell and a layer thickness, of a plurality of optical layers present between the polarizing layers is set to a value that substantially cancels out a retardation in a liquid crystal layer thickness direction when a saturation voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display device and the broadcasting receiving apparatus are formed using the liquid crystal display element. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a television receiver that receives broadcast waves and displays images.

  2. Description of the Related Art A thin liquid crystal television receiver having a reduced depth by using a liquid crystal display element is known as a broadcast receiver that receives a television broadcast and displays the video.

  The liquid crystal display element used in this liquid crystal television receiver includes a twisted nematic liquid crystal display element (TN liquid crystal display element) in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted between opposing substrates, and the liquid crystal molecules are initially aligned vertically between the substrates. A vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element (VA) having a liquid crystal layer and a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display element (IPS) in which the direction of liquid crystal molecules is controlled in a plane parallel to the substrate surface. Yes.

  Among these liquid crystal display elements, as a TN type liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted with a twist angle of substantially 90 ° is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, A pair of polarizing plates arranged between each other, with one of the pair of polarizing plates oriented in a direction crossing the absorption axis at 45 ° with respect to the direction of alignment treatment of one substrate of the liquid crystal cell. An arranged liquid crystal display element is known (see Patent Document 1).

  This TN liquid crystal display element can improve contrast and improve gradation reversal in intermediate gradation. Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the viewing angle characteristics can be improved by disposing a viewing angle compensator between the liquid crystal cell and the pair of polarizing plates, and further disposing a retardation plate. . These TN liquid crystal display elements are excellent display elements that have a simple structure and a mature manufacturing process, so that liquid crystal display elements having stable characteristics can be mass-produced.

Patent Document: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-285220

  However, the above-described TN liquid crystal display element has a large viewing angle dependency of transmittance as a television receiver observed from various directions, and a sufficiently wide viewing angle characteristic cannot be obtained.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a wide viewing angle type liquid crystal display element in which the angle dependency of transmittance is improved, and a liquid crystal television receiver using the type liquid crystal display element.

The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 of the present invention is
A liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which inner surfaces facing each other are formed with at least one electrode and an alignment film covering the electrode;
A polarizing layer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, each having a transmission axis that transmits linearly polarized light, an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to the transmission axis, and at least one substrate that supports the polarizing layer; First and second polarizing plates comprising:
The liquid crystal cell is disposed between the first and second polarizing plates, respectively, and each of them has a phase difference in a plane parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. And first and second viewing angle compensation layers having
The substrate surface of each of a plurality of other optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer. The total value of retardation in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the thickness and the layer thickness of the optical layer, indicates that the liquid crystal molecules are between the electrodes of the first and second substrates. The retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage high enough to rise and align with respect to the liquid crystal layer, is offset. It is set to the value to be.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the thickness direction retardation of each of the plurality of optical layers and the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal layer are each of the plurality of optical layers. The sum of the thickness direction retardation values of the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation value of the liquid crystal layer is set to be in the range of −80 nm to +80 nm.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation value of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage high enough for the liquid crystal molecules to rise and align is applied, The total retardation value in the thickness direction of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer is such that the absolute value difference between them is 80 nm or less and is positive or negative Is set to the opposite value.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the third aspect, the retardation in the liquid crystal layer thickness direction is a product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d. Calculated by multiplying the value of Δnd by a coefficient in the range of 0.72 to 0.89 selected according to the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface and the value of the voltage high enough for the liquid crystal molecules to rise and align. It is the value which was made.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer is provided. One of the two directions orthogonal to each other in the plane parallel to the substrate surface is the X axis and the Y axis, the thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is the Z axis, the refractive index in the X axis direction is nx, and the Y The thickness of each optical layer represented by {(nx + ny) / 2−nz} · d, where ny is the refractive index in the axial direction, nz is the refractive index in the Z-axis direction, and d is the layer thickness of the optical layer. The total value of the longitudinal retardation is determined by the product Δnd of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d, and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules relative to the substrate surface and the liquid crystal molecules rising. 0.72 to .0 selected depending on the value of the voltage high enough to orient. It is characterized by being set to a value substantially equal to a value calculated by multiplying by a coefficient in the range of 89.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the third aspect, the thickness direction of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer. The total retardation value is substantially the same as the value calculated by multiplying the product Δnd of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d by a coefficient of 0.83. It is characterized by being set equally.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect, the substrate surface of each of the plurality of optical layers including the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer; A total value of in-plane retardation comprising a product of an in-plane retardation in a parallel plane and a layer thickness of each of the plurality of optical layers is set in a range of 350 nm to 600 nm.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal cell is provided on one surface so as to cover at least one first electrode and the first electrode, A first substrate on which a first alignment film that has been subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction is formed, and is disposed to face an electrode formation surface of the first substrate; At least one second electrode facing the first electrode and a surface facing the substrate are provided so as to cover the second electrode, and an angle of substantially 90 ° with respect to the first direction. A second substrate formed with a second alignment film subjected to an alignment process in a second direction intersecting with the first substrate, the first alignment film of the first substrate, and the second substrate A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the second alignment films in a twisted orientation with a twist angle of substantially 90 °. The polarizing plate has a first polarizing layer having an absorption axis in a direction substantially intersecting at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the alignment processing direction of the first alignment film, and the second polarizing plate is And a second polarizing layer having an absorption axis in a direction substantially orthogonal to or substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect, the first and second polarizing layers are surfaces of the polarizing layers facing at least the first and second substrates, respectively. Provided with a base material made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation consisting of a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers are: And a substrate made of a resin film provided on at least one surface of each of these viewing angle compensation layers and having a thickness direction retardation that is a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. The plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer includes at least the first and second polarizing layers. The base material on the surface facing the substrate, and the first and second viewing angles And 償層, characterized in that these consist with the base of the viewing angle compensation layer.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect, a first retardation plate is further disposed between the first polarizing layer and the first viewing angle compensation layer. The second retardation plate is further disposed between the second polarizing layer and the second viewing angle compensation layer.

  According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the tenth aspect, the first and second polarizing layers respectively oppose at least the first and second substrates of these polarizing layers. A first and second viewing angle compensation comprising a base material made of a resin film provided on a surface and having a thickness direction retardation formed by a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface; The layers are formed on the plate surfaces of the first retardation plate and the second retardation plate, respectively.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the tenth aspect, the first and second polarizing layers are surfaces of the polarizing layers facing the first and second substrates, respectively. Comprises a substrate made of a resin film disposed on the opposite outer surface, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers are each provided on at least one surface of these viewing angle compensation layers and perpendicular to the substrate surface Provided with a base material made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation consisting of a product of a retardation and a layer thickness on a smooth surface, and the first and second retardation plates are respectively the first and second retardation plates. It is laminated | stacked on the surface facing the said 1st and 2nd board | substrate of a polarizing layer, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the tenth aspect, the first and second polarizing layers are surfaces of the polarizing layers facing the first and second substrates, respectively. Includes a base material made of a resin film disposed on the outer surface on the opposite side, and the first and second retardation plates respectively face the first and second substrates of the first and second polarizing layers. And the first and second viewing angle compensation layers are formed on the plate surfaces of the first and second retardation plates, respectively.

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the tenth aspect, between the first retardation plate and the first viewing angle compensation layer, the second retardation plate and the second retardation plate. Refraction in the thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface and at least one refractive index nx in the two directions perpendicular to each other in a plane parallel to the substrate surface and the other refractive index ny in at least one of the viewing angle compensation layers An optical film having a relationship of nx = ny> nz with the rate nz is further arranged.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display element.
A first surface on which at least one first electrode and a first alignment film provided to cover the first electrode and subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction are formed on one surface. 1 substrate,
At least one second electrode opposed to the first electrode is disposed on a surface opposed to the electrode formation surface of the first substrate, and opposed to the first substrate, and the second electrode is disposed A second substrate on which is formed a second alignment film that is provided so as to be subjected to an alignment process in a second direction that intersects the first direction at an angle of substantially 90 °;
The liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between the first alignment film of the first substrate and the second alignment film of the second substrate, and liquid crystal molecules are formed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A liquid crystal layer twisted with a twist angle of substantially 90 ° between,
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface, and has an absorption axis in a direction substantially intersecting at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film. A first polarizing layer, and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the first and second substrates, provided on at least a surface of the first polarizing layer facing the first substrate. A first polarizing plate provided with a base material made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation consisting of a product of the thickness and the layer thickness;
The absorption axis is arranged to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface of the second substrate and is substantially orthogonal to or substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer. And a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface provided on at least a surface of the second polarizing layer facing the second substrate. A second polarizing plate comprising a substrate made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation,
Between the first substrate and the first polarizing plate, and between the second substrate and the second polarizing plate, each in a plane parallel to the substrate surface. A viewing angle compensation layer having a phase difference and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface; provided on at least one surface of the viewing angle compensation layer; and a position in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. A first and a second viewing angle compensator provided with a substrate made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation consisting of a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness;
At least the first and second substrates of the first and second polarizing plates between the first polarizing layer of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing layer of the second polarizing plate; The liquid crystal layer including the base material of the opposing surfaces, the respective viewing angle compensation layers of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates, and the base material of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates A thickness direction retardation value formed by a product of a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding, and a layer thickness of each of the plurality of optical layers; A phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer and a liquid crystal when a voltage high enough for the liquid crystal molecules to rise and be aligned with respect to the substrate surface is applied between the electrodes of the second substrate; The total value of the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation, which is the product of the layer thickness, is in the range of −80 nm to +80 nm. Characterized in that it is a constant.

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the fifteenth aspect, the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation is a product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d. Calculated by multiplying the value of Δnd by a coefficient in the range of 0.72 to 0.89 selected according to the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface and the value of the voltage high enough for the liquid crystal molecules to rise and align. It is the value which was made.

  The invention according to claim 17 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 15, wherein a plurality of base materials, a plurality of viewing angle compensation layers between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer, and The total value of the in-plane retardation consisting of the product of the in-plane retardation in the plane parallel to the substrate surface and the thickness of each of the plurality of optical layers for each of the plurality of optical layers including the liquid crystal layer is 350 nm to It is characterized by being set in a range of 600 nm.

  According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the fifteenth aspect, a first retardation plate is further disposed between the first polarizing layer and the first viewing angle compensation layer. The second retardation plate is further disposed between the second polarizing layer and the second viewing angle compensation layer.

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display element.
A first surface on which at least one first electrode and a first alignment film provided to cover the first electrode and subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction are formed on one surface. 1 substrate,
At least one second electrode opposed to the first electrode is disposed on a surface opposed to the electrode formation surface of the first substrate, and opposed to the first substrate, and the second electrode is disposed A second substrate on which is formed a second alignment film that is provided so as to be subjected to an alignment process in a second direction that intersects the first direction at an angle of substantially 90 °;
The liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between the first alignment film of the first substrate and the second alignment film of the second substrate, and liquid crystal molecules are formed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A liquid crystal layer twisted with a twist angle of substantially 90 ° between,
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface, and has an absorption axis in a direction substantially intersecting at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film. A first polarizing layer having,
The absorption axis is arranged to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface of the second substrate and is substantially orthogonal to or substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer. A second polarizing layer with
The first substrate and the first polarizing layer, and the second substrate and the second polarizing layer are disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizing layer, respectively. First and second viewing angle compensation layers having a phase difference in a plane parallel to the plane and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate plane,
For each of a plurality of optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer, One and the other of the two orthogonal directions in the parallel plane are the X axis and the Y axis, respectively, the thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is the Z axis, the refractive index in the X axis direction is nx, and the Y axis direction is The refractive index is ny, the refractive index in the Z-axis direction is nz, the thickness of the optical layer is d, and the thickness direction retardation of each optical layer represented by {(nx + ny) / 2−nz} · d is Rthi, When the thickness direction retardation obtained by adding the thickness direction retardation Rthi of each optical layer is Rth, and the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d is Δnd. , The thickness direction retardation Rth is
−80 nm <Rth−0.83Δnd <80 nm
It is set to the range which satisfy | fills.

  According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the nineteenth aspect, a plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer are expressed by (nx−ny) · d. When the in-plane retardation of each optical layer represented is Roi, and the in-plane retardation obtained by adding the value of the in-plane retardation Roi of each optical layer is Ro, the in-plane retardation Ro and Δnd of the liquid crystal layer are respectively It is characterized by being set to a range satisfying Ro + Δnd = 350 nm to 600 nm.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device.
A liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which inner surfaces facing each other are formed with at least one electrode and an alignment film covering the electrode;
A polarizing layer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, each having a transmission axis that transmits linearly polarized light, an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to the transmission axis, and at least one substrate that supports the polarizing layer; First and second polarizing plates comprising:
The liquid crystal cell is disposed between the first and second polarizing plates, respectively, and each of them has a phase difference in a plane parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. And first and second viewing angle compensation layers having
The substrate surface of each of a plurality of other optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer. The total value of retardation in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the thickness and the layer thickness of the optical layer, indicates that the liquid crystal molecules are between the electrodes of the first and second substrates. The retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage high enough to rise and align with respect to the liquid crystal layer, is offset. A liquid crystal display element set to a value to be
And a display driving unit for driving the liquid crystal display element by supplying a signal to the electrodes formed on the pair of substrates based on video data supplied from the outside.

  According to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the twenty-first aspect, of the pair of substrates of the liquid crystal display element, at least one counter electrode is provided on one substrate, and the other substrate is provided on the other substrate. A plurality of pixel electrodes for forming a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix for forming an image are formed in regions opposed to the counter electrodes, and the display driver is arranged in the matrix. And a scanning line driving circuit for supplying a scanning signal for scanning at least one line to each of the plurality of pixels, and a signal to be supplied to each pixel according to the supplied video data for the plurality of pixels to be supplied to each pixel. A data line driving circuit, and a drive control circuit for controlling operations of the scanning line driving circuit and the data line driving circuit are provided.

According to a twenty-third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a broadcast receiving apparatus.
A broadcast receiving unit that receives a broadcast wave that has been broadcast, demodulates and outputs a demodulated signal having at least video data and audio data;
A video / audio data generating unit for separating the video data and audio data from the demodulated signal output by the broadcast receiving unit and outputting the video data and audio data;
Based on the video data supplied from the video / audio data generation unit, an image display unit that drives a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix to display an image;
A first substrate provided on one surface with at least one first electrode and an alignment film covering the first electrode;
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the electrode forming surface, and the regions facing the first electrode are arranged in a matrix for forming an image on the surface facing the first substrate. A second substrate provided with a plurality of second electrodes forming a plurality of pixels and an alignment film covering the electrodes;
A liquid crystal layer sandwiched by twist-aligning liquid crystal molecules between the first and second substrates;
A polarizing layer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, each having a transmission axis that transmits linearly polarized light, an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to the transmission axis, and at least one substrate that supports the polarizing layer; First and second polarizing plates comprising:
The liquid crystal cell is disposed between the first and second polarizing plates, respectively, and each of them has a phase difference in a plane parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. And first and second viewing angle compensation layers having
The substrate surface of each of a plurality of other optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer. The total value of retardation in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the thickness and the layer thickness of the optical layer, indicates that the liquid crystal molecules are between the electrodes of the first and second substrates. The retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage high enough to rise and align with respect to the liquid crystal layer, is offset. A liquid crystal display element set to a value to be
And an audio generation unit that generates an audio signal based on the audio data supplied from the video / audio data generation unit and generates audio by the audio signal.

  According to a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention, in the broadcast receiving device according to the twenty-third aspect, the broadcast receiving unit includes a tuner unit that receives a wirelessly broadcast digital broadcast signal, and the received digital broadcast signal is at least video data. And a video / audio data generation unit that separates the video data and audio data from the multiplexed signal and decodes them to generate video data and audio data. -It has the audio | voice decoding process part.

According to a twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a broadcast receiving apparatus.
A broadcast receiving unit that receives and demodulates the broadcast signal, and outputs a demodulated signal having at least video data and audio data;
A video / audio data generating unit for separating the video data and audio data from the demodulated signal output by the broadcast receiving unit and outputting the video data and audio data;
Based on the video data supplied from the video / audio data generation unit, an image display unit that drives a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix to display an image;
A first surface on which at least one first electrode and a first alignment film provided to cover the first electrode and subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction are formed on one surface. 1 substrate,
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the electrode forming surface, and the regions facing the first electrode are arranged in a matrix for forming an image on the surface facing the first substrate. A plurality of second electrodes forming a plurality of pixels, and are provided so as to cover the second electrodes, and are oriented in a second direction substantially intersecting the first direction at an angle of 90 °. A second substrate on which a processed second alignment film is formed;
The liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between the first alignment film of the first substrate and the second alignment film of the second substrate, and liquid crystal molecules are formed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A liquid crystal layer twisted with a twist angle of substantially 90 ° between,
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface, and has an absorption axis in a direction substantially intersecting at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film. A first polarizing layer having,
The absorption axis is arranged to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface of the second substrate and is substantially orthogonal to or substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer. A second polarizing layer with
The first substrate and the first polarizing layer, and the second substrate and the second polarizing layer are disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizing layer, respectively. First and second viewing angle compensation layers having a phase difference in a plane parallel to the surface and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface,
For each of a plurality of optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer, One and the other of the two orthogonal directions in the parallel plane are the X axis and the Y axis, respectively, the thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is the Z axis, the refractive index in the X axis direction is nx, and the Y axis direction is The refractive index is ny, the refractive index in the Z-axis direction is nz, the thickness of the optical layer is d, and the thickness direction retardation of each optical layer represented by {(nx + ny) / 2−nz} · d is Rthi, When the thickness direction retardation obtained by adding the thickness direction retardation Rthi of each optical layer is Rth, and the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d is Δnd. , The thickness direction retardation Rth is
−80 nm <Rth−0.83Δnd <80 nm
A liquid crystal display element set in a range satisfying
And an audio generation unit that generates an audio signal based on the audio data supplied from the video / audio data generation unit and generates audio by the audio signal.

  The invention according to claim 26 is the broadcast receiving device according to claim 25, wherein a plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer are expressed by (nx−ny) · d. When the in-plane retardation of each optical layer represented is Roi, and the in-plane retardation obtained by adding the value of the in-plane retardation Roi of each optical layer is Ro, the in-plane retardation Ro and Δnd of the liquid crystal layer are respectively It is characterized by being set to a range satisfying Ro + Δnd = 350 nm to 600 nm.

  According to the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, display with a wide viewing angle can be performed, and according to the liquid crystal display device and broadcast receiving apparatus using this liquid crystal display element, observation can be performed from a wide angle range.

1 is a schematic perspective view of a broadcast receiving apparatus showing a first embodiment of the present invention. The perspective view which shows schematic structure of the liquid crystal display device used for the broadcast receiver of 1st Example. The block diagram which shows schematic structure of the broadcast receiving apparatus which shows a 1st Example. The block diagram which shows the liquid crystal display device used for the broadcast receiving apparatus of a 1st Example. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in a broadcast receiving apparatus according to a first embodiment. The expanded sectional view of a part of liquid crystal cell. The expanded sectional view of a part of viewing angle compensator. The alignment treatment directions of the first and second alignment films, the directions of the absorption axes of the first and second polarizing layers, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers of the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment The figure which shows direction of an optical axis. Red in the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment, the green liquid crystal layer thickness d _R of the pixel portion of each color _blue, d _G, and the ratio of d _B, the relationship between the display chromaticity when displaying white FIG. The figure which shows (DELTA) nd of the liquid-crystal layer in the liquid crystal display element of a 1st Example, and the thickness direction retardation Rth _LC of a liquid-crystal layer when a saturation voltage is applied. In-plane retardation obtained by adding the in-plane retardation values of the substrates of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer in the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment. The figure which shows the relationship between (DELTA) nd of Ro and a liquid-crystal layer, and the transmittance | permeability. In the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment, white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (a gradation of 50% brightness of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% gradation (white) viewing angle characteristic diagram when a display of 20% of the brightness of the gradation) display T _20. In the liquid crystal display element of the modification of the first embodiment, white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (50% brightness gradation of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% floor, respectively. viewing angle characteristic diagram when the tone (gradation 20% brightness of white display) display T _20. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in a second embodiment of the present invention. The alignment treatment directions of the first and second alignment films, the directions of the absorption axes of the first and second polarizing layers, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers of the liquid crystal display element of the second embodiment The figure which shows the direction of an optical axis, and the direction of the slow axis of a 1st and 2nd phase difference plate. In the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment, white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (a gradation of 50% brightness of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% gradation (white) viewing angle characteristic diagram when a display of 20% of the brightness of the gradation) display T _20. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device used in a third embodiment of the present invention. The perspective view for demonstrating the characteristic of the optical film in the liquid crystal display element of a 3rd Example. The alignment treatment directions of the first and second alignment films, the directions of the absorption axes of the first and second polarizing layers, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers of the liquid crystal display element of the third embodiment The figure which shows the direction of the optical axis, the direction of the slow axis of the 1st and 2nd phase difference plate, and the direction of the optical axis of the 1st and 2nd optical film. In the liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment, white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (a gradation of 50% brightness of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% gradation (white) viewing angle characteristic diagram when a display of 20% of the brightness of the gradation) display T _20. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The alignment treatment direction of the first and second alignment films, the direction of the absorption axis of the first and second polarizing layers, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers of the liquid crystal display element of the fourth embodiment The figure which shows the direction of the optical axis, the direction of the slow axis of the 1st and 2nd phase difference plate, and the direction of the optical axis of an optical film. In the liquid crystal display device of the fourth embodiment, white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (a gradation of 50% brightness of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% gradation (white display) viewing angle characteristic diagram at 20% of the brightness of the gradation) display _{T 20.} FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The alignment treatment directions of the first and second alignment films, the directions of the absorption axes of the first and second polarizing layers, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers of the liquid crystal display element of the fifth embodiment The figure which shows the direction of an optical axis, and the direction of the slow axis of a 1st and 2nd phase difference plate. In the liquid crystal display device of the fifth embodiment, white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (a gradation of 50% brightness of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% gradation (white display) viewing angle characteristic diagram at 20% of the brightness of the gradation) display _{T 20.} FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The alignment treatment directions of the first and second alignment films, the directions of the absorption axes of the first and second polarizing layers, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers of the liquid crystal display element of the sixth embodiment The figure which shows the direction of an optical axis, and the direction of the slow axis of a 1st and 2nd phase difference plate. In the liquid crystal display device of the sixth embodiment, white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (a gradation of 50% brightness of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% gradation (white display) viewing angle characteristic diagram at 20% of the brightness of the gradation) display _{T 20.} FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in a seventh embodiment of the present invention. The alignment treatment directions of the first and second alignment films, the directions of the absorption axes of the first and second polarizing layers, and the first and second viewing angle compensation layers of the liquid crystal display element of the seventh embodiment The figure which shows the direction of an optical axis, and the direction of the slow axis of a 1st and 2nd phase difference plate. In the liquid crystal display device of the seventh embodiment, white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (a gradation of 50% brightness of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% gradation (white display) viewing angle characteristic diagram at 20% of the brightness of the gradation) display _{T 20.}

(First embodiment)
1 to 4 show a schematic configuration of a television broadcast receiver according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a broadcast receiver 200 is formed with a window 202 provided in correspondence with a liquid crystal display element on the front surface of a housing 201, and speakers 300 that generate sound are arranged on both sides thereof. A switch group 400 such as a power switch, a channel change switch, and a volume control switch is arranged on the top of the casing 201. An antenna 500 for receiving broadcast waves is disposed on the back surface of the casing 201.

  The liquid crystal display element 100 disposed in correspondence with the window 202 of the casing 201 is disposed on both sides of the pair of substrates 2 and 3 facing each other and the pair of substrates. And film laminates 102 and 103 in which optical layers made of various phase plates and the like are laminated.

  A backlight 600 is disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal display element 100 from the observation side. The backlight includes a light guide plate 601, an optical film 602 including a diffusion film, a prism sheet, and the like disposed on the surface of the light guide plate 601 on the liquid crystal display element 100 side, and the observation side of the light guide plate 601. The reflection film 603 is disposed on the opposite side, and a plurality of light sources 604 including LEDs or the like arranged on the end surface 611 of the light guide plate 601. The backlight introduces light emitted from a plurality of light sources 604 from the end surface 611 to the light guide plate 601 and propagates the light guide plate. The light emitted to the side opposite to the observation side of the light guide plate is reflected by the reflective film 603 and is incident on the light guide plate again, and these lights are emitted to face the liquid crystal display element 100 of the light guide plate 601. Emits from the surface. The light emitted from the light exit surface of the light guide plate 601 is diffused by the diffusion film of the optical film 602 to be light with uniform brightness, and is emitted toward the liquid crystal display element 100 by the prism sheet. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element performs a transmissive display using light emitted from the backlight 600.

  FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of a television receiver that receives a digital broadcast in the first embodiment. The television receiver receives a broadcast wave broadcasted wirelessly, demodulates and outputs a demodulated signal, separates the video data and audio data from the demodulated signal, and the video data and audio A video / audio data generating unit for outputting data, an image display unit for driving a plurality of pixels for displaying an image based on the video data, a liquid crystal display element, and an audio signal based on the audio data And a sound generation unit that generates sound by the sound signal, and an operation control unit that controls operations of these units.

  3, the broadcast receiving unit of the television receiver 200 receives an antenna 500 that receives a broadcast wave including a broadcast signal including video data and audio data transmitted from a broadcast station and a transmission control signal such as a transmission parameter. A tuner 501 to which a broadcast wave received by the antenna 500 is supplied, and a demodulator 502 for demodulating a broadcast signal extracted by the tuner 501. Further, the video / audio data generation unit has a video / audio decoding processing unit 503 that converts the demodulated broadcast signal into a signal.

  The image display unit includes a display driving unit 504 for driving a liquid crystal display element based on video data supplied from the outside, and a liquid crystal display element 100 driven by the display driving unit 504. The audio generation unit includes an audio signal generation unit 505 that generates an audio signal based on the audio signal, and a speaker 300 that is driven by the audio signal generation unit 505. Furthermore, the television receiver 200 includes a transmission parameter holding unit 506 that stores transmission parameters, and a control unit 507 for controlling the operation of each unit.

  The transmission parameter holding unit 506 sets parameters, which are information necessary for extracting the frequency of the designated channel, in the tuner unit 501. The video / audio decoding processing unit 503 separates video data and audio data from the demodulated broadcast signal, and decodes the compressed and / or shuffled data to output video data and audio data. To do.

  In the television receiver 200, the tuner unit 501 reads the parameter of the designated channel from the transmission parameter holding unit 506 by the control unit 507, and the digital broadcast signal received by the antenna 500 based on the set parameter. Extracts the frequency of the specified channel from the inside.

  The demodulator 502 extracts a clock signal included in the digital broadcast signal having the frequency extracted by the tuner unit 501, demodulates the digital broadcast signal, and outputs a transport stream.

  The video / audio decoding processing unit 503 separates video data and audio data from the transport stream, decodes them, and outputs video data and audio data.

  The video data output from the video / audio data generation unit having the video / audio decoding processing unit 503 is sent to the image display unit including the display driving unit 504 and the liquid crystal display element 100 and supplied by the display driving unit 504. An image signal corresponding to the received video data is generated, and the image is displayed by supplying the image signal to the liquid crystal display element 100.

  Also, the audio data output from the video / audio decoding processing unit 503 is sent to the audio generation unit including the audio signal generation unit 505 and the speaker 300, and an audio signal is generated by the audio signal generation unit 505. The speaker is driven by to reproduce sound.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the image display unit includes a liquid crystal display element 100 and a display driving unit 504, and the display driving unit 504 includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix of the liquid crystal display element 100. And a scanning line driving circuit 524 for supplying a scanning signal for scanning at least one line at a time, and a data line driving for generating a signal to be supplied to each pixel in accordance with the supplied video data and supplying the pixels to the plurality of pixels A circuit 534; and a drive control circuit 514 that controls operations of the scanning line driving circuit 524 and the data line driving circuit 534.

  The liquid crystal display element 100 in this embodiment is, for example, an active matrix liquid crystal display element, in which liquid crystal molecules are placed between a pair of substrates each having at least one electrode formed on each inner surface and an alignment film covering the electrodes. The liquid crystal cell is formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer substantially twisted by 90 °. At least one counter electrode is formed on one substrate surface of the pair of substrates, and a region facing each of the first electrodes on the substrate surface facing the counter electrode of the other substrate forms an image. And a plurality of pixel electrodes for forming a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix. Although not shown, a plurality of thin film transistors each including a TFT corresponding to the pixel electrode are disposed on the other substrate, and a data line 110 in which the drain electrodes of the thin film transistors are connected to each column, and the thin film transistors A plurality of gate lines 120 connecting the gate lines for each row are arranged.

  The data lines 110 of the liquid crystal display element 100 are connected to a data driving circuit 534, the gate lines 120 are connected to a scanning line driving circuit 524, and a counter electrode is connected to a counter electrode driving circuit 544. The drive control circuit 514 generates an image signal based on the video data supplied from the video / audio decoding processing unit 503, and supplies it to the data line drive circuit 534 along with a control signal such as a clock signal. The data line driving circuit 534 generates a driving signal corresponding to each data line 110 based on the supplied image signal, and applies the driving signal to each data line 110. The scanning line driving circuit 524 generates a scanning signal corresponding to each scanning line 120 based on the control signal supplied from the driving control circuit 514 and supplies the scanning signal to each gate line 120.

  In this way, in the liquid crystal display element 100, a plurality of gate lines 120 are sequentially scanned by the scanning line driving circuit 524, and the data line driving circuit 534 corresponds to an image from each data line 110 in synchronization with the scanning. A desired image is displayed by supplying the drive signal and applying a voltage corresponding to the image data to each pixel.

  5 to 12 show the detailed structure of the liquid crystal display element used in the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the liquid crystal display element.

  The liquid crystal display element includes a liquid crystal cell 1 in which a nematic liquid crystal layer 10 in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-oriented at a twist angle of substantially 90 ° is sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates 2 and 3, and the liquid crystal cell 1 is sandwiched between The first and second pair of polarizing plates 11 and 15 disposed, and the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 disposed between the liquid crystal cell 1 and the pair of polarizing plates 11 and 15, respectively. , 22 is a TN type liquid crystal display element.

  FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the liquid crystal cell 1. The liquid crystal cell 1 includes a first substrate 2, a second substrate 3 disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer 10 disposed between the first and second substrates 2 and 3. It has become. The first substrate 2 is provided on one surface so as to cover at least one first transparent electrode 4 and the first electrode 4, and is subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction. 1 alignment film 7 is formed. The second substrate 3 is disposed so as to face the electrode forming surface of the first substrate 2, and at least one first electrode facing the first electrode 4 is provided on the surface facing the first substrate 2. The second transparent electrode 5 and the second electrode 5 are provided so as to cover the second electrode 5 and are subjected to an alignment treatment in a second direction that intersects the first direction at an angle of substantially 90 °. The alignment film 8 is formed. The liquid crystal layer 10 is sandwiched between the first alignment film 7 and the second alignment film 8, and the liquid crystal molecules 10 a are interposed between the first alignment film 7 and the second alignment film 8. The twist orientation is substantially at a twist angle of 90 °. The liquid crystal layer 10 rotates the incident polarized light by 90 ° in the twisted initial alignment state. Then, the liquid crystal layer 10 apparently changes in the range of λ / 2 according to the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 10a, apparently the retardation value generated for the transmitted light.

  The liquid crystal cell 1 is an active matrix liquid crystal cell, and is an electrode provided on a substrate (hereinafter referred to as a rear substrate) 2 on the opposite side to the display viewing side of the first and second substrates 2 and 3. 4 includes a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix in the row direction (left-right direction of the screen) and the column direction (left-right direction of the screen). The electrode 5 provided on the other substrate 3 (hereinafter referred to as the front substrate) on the observation side is a single-film counter electrode formed so as to face the entire array region of the plurality of pixel electrodes 4.

  Although omitted in FIG. 6, on the surface of the rear substrate 2 facing the front substrate 3, a plurality of TFTs (thin film transistors) arranged corresponding to the plurality of pixel electrodes 4, respectively, A plurality of scanning lines for supplying gate signals to the plurality of TFTs and a plurality of signal lines for supplying data signals to the plurality of TFTs in each column are provided.

  The TFT includes a gate electrode formed on the rear substrate 2, a gate insulating film formed so as to cover the gate electrode, and an i-type formed on the gate insulating film so as to face the gate electrode. The semiconductor film includes a drain electrode and a source electrode formed on both sides of the i-type semiconductor film via an n-type semiconductor film. The gate electrode is connected to the scanning line, the drain electrode is connected to the signal line, and the source electrode is connected to the corresponding pixel electrode 4.

  Further, on the surface facing the rear substrate 2 of the front substrate 3, the plurality of pixel electrodes 4 and the counter electrode 5 are made to correspond to a plurality of pixels composed of regions facing each other, and red, green, Three blue color filters 6R, 6G, and 6B are formed, and the counter electrode 5 is formed to cover the color filters 6R, 6G, and 6B.

  Then, the pair of substrates 2 and 3 are arranged opposite to each other with a predetermined gap therebetween, and a sealing material 9 (see FIG. 5) formed in a frame shape surrounding the array region of the plurality of pixel electrodes 4 is provided. Are joined through. The liquid crystal layer 10 is sealed in a region surrounded by the sealing material 9 between the pair of substrates 2 and 3.

Further, the red, green, three color filters 6R of blue, 6G, respectively 6B, a liquid crystal layer thickness d _R of the pixels the red filter 6R is provided in the plurality of pixels, the green filter 6G provided The green filter 6G rather than the red filter 6R is such that the liquid crystal layer thickness d _{G of} the obtained pixel and the liquid crystal layer thickness d _B of the pixel provided with the blue filter 6B have a relationship of d _R <d _G <d _B. The blue filter 6B is thicker than the green filter 6G.

The ratio of the liquid crystal layer thickness d _R of the pixel provided with the red filter 6R, the liquid crystal layer thickness d _G of the pixel provided with the green filter 6G, and the liquid crystal layer thickness d _{B of} the pixel provided with the blue filter 6B. Is set to d _R : d _G : d _B = 1.1: 1.0: 0.9.

  Of the pair of polarizing plates arranged with the liquid crystal cell 1 sandwiched therebetween, the first polarizing plate 11 arranged to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface of the rear substrate 2 of the liquid crystal cell 1. Are arranged with the absorption axis directed in a direction substantially intersecting with the alignment processing direction of the first alignment film 7 formed on the rear substrate 2 at an angle of 45 °. The second polarizing plate 15 disposed opposite to the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface of the front substrate 3 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is the alignment of the second alignment film 8 formed on the front substrate 3. The absorption axis is arranged in a direction that intersects the processing direction at an angle of substantially 45 °. That is, the absorption axes of the first polarizing plate 11 and the second polarizing plate 15 are orthogonal to each other.

  The first polarizing plate 11 includes a first polarizing layer 12 having an absorption axis in a direction substantially intersecting with the alignment processing direction of the first alignment film 7 at an angle of 45 °, and the first polarizing layer 12. The polarizing layer 12 is provided on both sides of the polarizing layer 12, and the phase difference in the plane parallel to the substrate surfaces of the pair of substrates 2 and 3 is substantially zero and perpendicular to the substrates of the pair of substrates 2 and 3 It consists of a pair of base materials 13 and 14 made of a transparent resin film such as a TAC (triacetyl cellulose) film having an in-plane retardation (hereinafter referred to as a retardation in the thickness direction). The second polarizing plate 15 is a second polarizing plate having an absorption axis in a direction crossing at an angle of substantially 45 ° with respect to the alignment processing direction of the second alignment film 8 formed on the front substrate 3. A polarizing layer 16 and a second retardation layer 16 are provided on both sides of the polarizing layer 16. The retardation in a plane parallel to the substrate surface is substantially zero, and the retardation in a plane perpendicular to the substrate is present. It consists of a pair of base materials 17 and 18 which consist of transparent resin films, such as a TAC film with (thickness direction retardation).

  The first and second viewing angle compensators 19 and 22 respectively disposed between the liquid crystal cell 1 and the pair of polarizing plates 11 and 15 are discotic liquid crystal layers in which discotic liquid crystal molecules are hybrid-aligned. And a pair of base materials 21 and 24 made of a transparent resin film such as the TAC film provided on at least one surface of the viewing angle compensation layers 22 and 23. . The viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 each have a phase difference on a plane parallel to the substrate surface and a phase difference (a phase difference in the thickness direction) in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. Further, the pair of base materials 21 and 24 has a phase difference in a plane parallel to the substrate surface that is substantially zero and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface (a phase difference in the thickness direction). Have

  The first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 used in this embodiment are obtained by providing the base materials 21 and 24 on one surface of the viewing angle compensation layers 22 and 23, respectively.

  FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22, and these viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 are respectively formed on one surface of the base materials 21 and 24. Alignment films 21a and 24a subjected to alignment treatment in one direction are formed, and viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 made of a discotic liquid crystal layer are provided on the alignment films 21a and 24a. This discotic liquid crystal layer has a molecular axis perpendicular to the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 25 on a plane perpendicular to the film surface of the substrate 21 and parallel to the alignment treatment direction of the alignment film 21a. In addition, the discotic liquid crystal molecules 25 are hybrid-aligned so that the tilt angle (tilt angle) with respect to the base material 21 sequentially increases from the base material 21 side toward the opposite side.

  The viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 are respectively the average inclinations of the molecular axes on the plane where the molecular axes of the hybrid aligned discotic liquid crystal molecules 25 exist. In the direction, it has negative optical anisotropy with an optical axis that minimizes the refractive index. Here, a line that intersects the surface of the discotic liquid crystal molecule 25 with the molecular axis and the surfaces of the viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 is referred to as an optical axis direction.

  The first viewing angle compensation plate 19 has a surface (a surface opposite to the substrate 21 side) on the side where the tilt angle of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 25 of the first viewing angle compensation layer 20 is large. The liquid crystal cell 1 is disposed to face the outer surface of the rear substrate 2. The optical axis direction of the first viewing angle compensation layer 20 is substantially parallel to or substantially perpendicular to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film 7 formed on the rear substrate 2. It is aimed. The second viewing angle compensation plate 22 has a surface (surface opposite to the substrate 24 side) on the side where the tilt angle of the discotic liquid crystal molecules of the second viewing angle compensation layer 23 is large as the liquid crystal cell 1. The front substrate 3 is disposed so as to face the outer surface. The optical axis direction of the second viewing angle compensation layer 23 is substantially parallel to or substantially orthogonal to the alignment treatment direction of the second alignment film 8 formed on the front substrate 3. It is aimed.

  FIG. 8 shows the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1, and the absorption axes 12a of the polarizing layers 12 and 16 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15. 16a and the orientations of the optical axis directions 20a and 23a of the viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the first alignment film 7 formed on the rear substrate 2 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is on the observation side with respect to the horizontal axis direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element (the direction indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in the figure). Orientation treatment is performed in a first direction that intersects the counterclockwise direction at an angle of substantially 45 °. The second alignment film 8 formed on the front substrate 3 has a second direction (viewed from the viewing side with respect to the horizontal axis direction of the screen) that intersects the first direction at an angle of substantially 90 °. In a direction that intersects the clockwise direction at an angle of substantially 45 °). The liquid crystal molecules 10a of the liquid crystal layer 10 sandwiched between the first alignment film 7 of the rear substrate 2 and the second alignment film 8 of the front substrate 3 are indicated by broken arrows indicating the twist direction of the molecular arrangement. As described above, the first alignment film 7 and the second alignment film 8 are twisted with a twist angle of substantially 90 ° in the layer thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 10.

  The liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 responds to transmitted light in accordance with the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 10a that changes corresponding to the voltage applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the pair of substrates 2 and 3. The apparent retardation value changes substantially in the range of λ / 2.

  Further, the first polarizing plate 11 facing the outer surface of the rear substrate 2 of the liquid crystal cell 1 observes the absorption axis 12a of the first polarizing layer 12 of the polarizing plate 11 with respect to the horizontal axis direction of the screen. A direction that intersects the clockwise direction when viewed from the side at an angle of substantially 90 °, that is, a clockwise direction when viewed from the observation side with respect to the alignment treatment direction 7 a of the first alignment film 7 of the rear substrate 2. They are arranged in a direction that intersects substantially at an angle of 45 °. The second polarizing plate 15 facing the outer surface of the front substrate 3 of the liquid crystal cell 1 has the absorption axis 16 a of the second polarizing layer 16 of the polarizing plate 15, and the polarizing layer 12 of the first polarizing plate 11. It arrange | positions toward the direction (direction substantially parallel to the horizontal-axis direction of a screen) substantially orthogonal to the absorption axis 12a.

  Further, the first viewing angle compensation plate 19 between the rear substrate 2 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the first polarizing plate 11 is an optical axis of the first viewing angle compensation layer 20 of the viewing angle compensation plate 19. The direction 20a is arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the alignment treatment direction 7a of the first alignment film 7 of the rear substrate 2. The second viewing angle compensation plate 22 between the front substrate 3 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the second polarizing plate 15 is an optical axis direction 23 a of the second viewing angle compensation layer 23 of the viewing angle compensation plate 22. Substantially in a direction substantially parallel to the alignment processing direction 8a of the second alignment film 8 of the front substrate 3, that is, in the optical axis direction 20a of the viewing angle compensation layer 20 of the first viewing angle compensation plate 19. Are arranged in directions orthogonal to each other.

  This liquid crystal display element transmits white illumination light emitted from a surface light source (not shown) disposed on the rear side (opposite to the observation side) between the electrodes 4 and 5 for each of the plurality of pixel portions. The three colors of red, green, and blue, which are respectively colored by the three, red, green, and blue color filters 6R, 6G, and 6B respectively corresponding to the plurality of pixel portions, are controlled on the observation side. And output a color image.

The liquid crystal display element includes a liquid crystal layer thickness d _{R of} a pixel portion (hereinafter referred to as a red pixel portion) provided with a red filter 6R of the liquid crystal cell 1 and a pixel portion (hereinafter referred to as a green pixel) provided with a green filter 6G. a liquid crystal layer thickness _{d G} of that part), a pixel portion blue filter 6B is provided (hereinafter, the ratio of the liquid crystal layer thickness _{d B} of that blue pixel _{unit), d R: d G:} d B = 1. Since it is set to 1: 1.0: 0.9, a color image with a good color balance can be displayed.

That is, FIG. 9, the red, green, liquid crystal layer thickness of the pixel portion of each color of blue d _R, d _G, and the ratio of d _B, the red, green, and light is emitted from the pixel portion of each color blue The relationship with the display chromaticity when white is displayed.

As shown in FIG. 9, the ratios of the liquid crystal layer thicknesses d _R , d _G , and d _B of the pixel portions of red, green, and blue are expressed as d _R : d _G : d _B = 0.9: 1.0: 1. .1 and d _R : d _G : d _B = 1.0: 1.0: 1.0 and d _R : d _G : d _B = 1.1: 1.0: 0.9 Comparing the set cases, the ratio of the liquid crystal layer thicknesses d _R , d _G , d _B of the pixel portions of the respective colors was set to d _R : d _G : d _B = 1.1: 1.0: 0.9. the white display chromaticity of time, the liquid crystal layer thickness d _R, d _G, compared to the white display chromaticity at the time of setting the ratio of d _B to another value, the source light (white illumination from the surface light source Therefore, it is possible to display a color image with a good color balance.

  In the liquid crystal display element, the first polarizing plate 11 and the second polarizing plate 15 are normally white in which the absorption axes 12a and 16a of the polarizing layers 12 and 16 are substantially orthogonal to each other. White, when no voltage is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of each pixel portion, and substantially between the electrodes 4 and 5 of each pixel portion in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 10 Black is displayed when a high voltage (referred to as a saturation voltage) sufficient for the entire liquid crystal molecules 10a to rise and be aligned substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface is applied.

  The liquid crystal cell 1 having the liquid crystal layer 10 in which the liquid crystal molecules 10a are twist-aligned between the pair of substrates 2 and 3 at a twist angle of substantially 90 ° includes the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the pair of substrates 2 and 3 in the liquid crystal layer 10. The behavior of 10a is suppressed by the anchoring effect of the alignment films 7 and 8. Therefore, even when the saturation electrode is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5, the liquid crystal molecules 10 a in the vicinity of the pair of substrates 2 and 3 do not stand up and are aligned by the liquid crystal molecules 10 a in the vicinity of the substrates 2 and 3 of the liquid crystal layer 10. In-plane retardation (hereinafter referred to as residual retardation) exists.

  When the saturation electrode is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5, the liquid crystal layer 10 has a negative phase difference (hereinafter referred to as a phase difference in the liquid crystal layer thickness direction) in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. .

  In particular, the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 have substantially 45 absorption axes 12a and 16a of the polarizing layers 12 and 16 with respect to the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the alignment films 7 and 8, respectively. In the liquid crystal display element arranged in the direction of °, a phase difference in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer acts greatly on light obliquely incident on the substrate surface, thereby reducing viewing angle characteristics.

  Therefore, in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 disposed before and after the liquid crystal cell 1 and the rear substrate 2 and the front substrate 3 of the liquid crystal cell 1 are respectively provided. The first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 are arranged, and the residual retardation is canceled by the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22. A plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer 10 when the saturation voltage (a voltage high enough for the liquid crystal molecules 10a to rise and align) is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the liquid crystal cell 1. The first and second polarizing plates between the first polarizing layer 12 of the first polarizing plate 11 and the second polarizing layer 16 of the second polarizing plate 15. 11, 15 on the surfaces facing the liquid crystal cell 1, 14 and 18, the viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22, respectively, The second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 are offset by the in-plane phase difference perpendicular to the substrate surface of each of the plurality of optical layers with the base materials 21 and 24.

That is, the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer 10 in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness (the liquid crystal layer thickness d _R , d of the pixel portion of each color provided with the red, green, and blue color filters 6R, 6G, 6B). _G, average) value of the product of the d is defined as the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation, thickness values of the product of the plurality of optical layers phase difference and each of the thickness of each of the thickness direction of the d _B When defined as directional retardation, the total value of the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal layer and the thickness direction retardation of the plurality of optical layers is set in the range of −80 nm to +80 nm (0 ± 80 nm), preferably 0 nm. Thus, the retardation in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 10 when the saturation voltage is applied is canceled.

FIG. 10 shows the product Δnd of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer 10 and the liquid crystal layer thickness d when the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules 10a is 5.5 ° and the saturation voltage is 4V. And the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation Rth _LC of the liquid crystal layer 10 when the saturation voltage is applied. The liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation Rth _LC of the liquid crystal layer 10 when the saturation voltage is applied changes as shown in the figure according to the value of the product Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10. That is, the retardation Rth _LC in the liquid crystal layer thickness direction changes linearly with respect to the change in the value of the product Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10. Therefore, the retardation Rth _LC can be obtained by multiplying the value of the product Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 by the coefficient corresponding to the slope of the straight line shown in FIG.

  Therefore, the thickness of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 of the first polarizing plate 11 and the second polarizing layer 16 of the second polarizing plate 15. The absolute value obtained by summing the direction retardation values is made to coincide with the absolute value of the value obtained by multiplying the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 by a coefficient preset in accordance with the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules 10a and the saturation voltage. Alternatively, the difference between the absolute values may be set in a range of −80 nm to +80 nm.

The following Table 1 shows the liquid crystal layer direction retardation Rth _LC of the liquid crystal layer 10 having different pretilt angles and saturation voltages of the liquid crystal molecules 10a, and the liquid crystal layer in order to calculate the thickness direction retardation value of each of the plurality of optical layers. The relationship with the coefficient value multiplied by the value of Δnd of the layer is shown.

  As shown in Table 1, when the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules 10a is in the range of 0.5 ° to 10.5 ° and the saturation voltage is in the range of 3V to 5V, the liquid crystal when the saturation voltage is applied. The liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation value of the layer 10 can be calculated by multiplying the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer by a coefficient in the range of 0.72 to 0.86. Here, the value of the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal layer 10 when the saturation voltage is applied, and the total value of the thickness direction retardation of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 are absolute values. Are substantially equal and the opposite values are positive and negative.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the total value of the thickness direction retardation of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 is calculated as the liquid crystal layer. The value of Δnd of 10 is multiplied by a coefficient in the range of 0.72 to 0.86, the thickness direction retardation value of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10, and the saturation voltage The total value of the liquid crystal layer 10 and the liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction retardation is applied to a range of 0 ± 80 nm (−80 nm to +80 nm). In this case, the value of retardation in the liquid crystal layer thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 10 when the saturation voltage is applied is preferably a value calculated by multiplying the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 by a coefficient of 0.83.

  FIG. 11 shows a plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 of the first polarizing plate 11 and the second polarizing layer of the second polarizing plate of the liquid crystal display element. The transmittance of the liquid crystal display element with respect to a value Ro + Δnd obtained by adding the in-plane retardation Ro obtained by adding the in-plane retardation values and the product Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 is shown. The plurality of optical layers are formed on the bases 14 and 18 on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 facing the liquid crystal cell 1 and the first and second viewing angle compensators 19 and 22, respectively. The viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 and the base materials 21 and 24 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 are included. The liquid crystal display element shows high transmittance in the range of Ro + Δnd in the range of 350 nm to 600 nm, and particularly shows a peak when the value of Ro + Δnd is 480 nm.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the in-plane retardation of each of the plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 on the plane parallel to the substrate surface and the optical layer The total value of the in-plane retardation formed by the product of the layer thickness and Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 is set in the range of 350 nm to 600 nm, preferably 480 nm.

  More specifically, in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, the respective base materials 13 positioned outside the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15. , And 17 do not contribute to the visibility of the observer. Then, it is the viewer's visibility that is concerned with the base materials 14, 18 of the first and second polarizing plates 11, 15 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16. A plurality of optical layers comprising the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22, their base materials 21 and 24, and the liquid crystal layer 10. is there.

As shown in FIG. 18 showing the X, Y, and Z marks of the optical medium 100 and the refractive indexes in the respective coordinate axis directions, a plurality of optical layers that are these optical media 100 are on a plane parallel to the substrate surface. One of the two directions orthogonal to each other is the X axis and the Y axis, the thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is the Z axis, the refractive index in the X axis direction is nx, and the refractive index in the Y axis direction is ny. When the refractive index in the Z-axis direction is nz and the thickness of the optical layer is d, the thickness direction retardation Rthi of each optical layer is represented by {(nx + ny) / 2−nz} · d. The total thickness direction retardation obtained by adding the thickness direction retardation Rthi of each optical layer is defined as Rth, and the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer 10 and the average liquid crystal layer thickness. When the product of d is Δnd, the total thickness direction retardation Rth is:
Rth = 0.83Δnd ± 80 nm
The range is set to satisfy. That is, the total thickness direction retardation Rth is set in the range of 0.83Δnd−80 nm to 0.83Δnd + 80 nm.

For the plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16, the in-plane retardation of each optical layer represented by (nx-ny) · d is Roi, and each optical layer When the in-plane retardation obtained by adding the values of the in-plane retardation Roi of the layer is Ro, the combined in-plane retardation Ro is:
Ro + Δnd = 350 nm to 600 nm
The range is set to satisfy.

  In the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is 380 nm, and the thickness direction retardation Rthi of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 is in-plane. The values of the retardation Roi are Rthi = 70 nm, Roi = −47 nm, the substrates 14 and 18 on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 16 facing the liquid crystal cell 1, and the first and second visual fields, respectively. The thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi of the base materials 21 and 24 of the corner compensation layers 20 and 23 are Rthi = 89 nm and Roi = 9 nm, respectively.

  Therefore, the thickness direction represented by {(nx + ny) / 2−nz} · d of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16. The thickness direction retardation Rth obtained by adding the value of retardation Rthi is 353 nm, and the in-plane retardation Ro obtained by adding the values of in-plane retardation Roi of the plurality of optical layers is 12 nm. Therefore, the value 0.83Δnd obtained by multiplying the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 by the preferable coefficient 0.83 is 315 nm, and the added thickness direction retardation Rth of 353 nm is 315 nm which is the value of 0.83Δnd. Is within the range of the value obtained by adding 80 nm positively and negatively. Further, the sum of the added in-plane retardation Ro and Δnd is 392 nm, which is in the range of 350 nm to 600 nm that defines the range of Ro + Δnd.

  Since the liquid crystal display element has the above-described configuration, the angle dependency of the transmittance can be improved and the wide viewing angle of the display can be widened. And the television receiver using this liquid crystal display element has a wide viewing angle.

FIG. 12 shows white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation (50% brightness gradation of white display) display T ₅₀ , and 20% gradation (20 of white display) of the liquid crystal display element. % of a viewing angle characteristic diagram when the brightness of the gradation) display T _20, (a) the screen of the left - viewing angle characteristics of the right direction, (b) the bottom of the screen - the viewing angle characteristic in the upward direction , (C) shows the viewing angle characteristic in the lower left-lower right direction of the screen, and (d) shows the viewing angle characteristic in the lower right-upper left direction of the screen.

  In FIG. 12A, a negative angle is an angle in the left direction, and a positive angle is an angle in the right direction. In FIG. 12B, a negative angle is a downward angle, and a positive angle is an upward angle. In FIG. 12C, a negative angle is an angle in the lower left direction, and a positive angle is an angle in the upper right direction. In FIG. 12D, a negative angle is an angle in the lower right direction, and a positive angle is an angle in the upper left direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 12A to 12D, the liquid crystal display element has a transmittance in each of the left-right direction, the lower-upward direction, the lower-left-lower-right direction, and the lower-right-upper-left direction of the screen. The viewing angle characteristic has no halftone inversion over a wide angle range in each of the directions. And the television receiver using this liquid crystal display element has a wide viewing angle especially in the left-right direction, the lower left-lower right direction, and the lower right-upper left direction.

(Modification of the first embodiment)
In the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment, the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is set to 380 nm, but the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 is set to another value. May be.

FIG. 13 shows a white display T _W , a black display T _B , and a 50% gradation display T in a liquid crystal display element in which the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 is set to 505 nm and the other configurations are the same as those in the above embodiment. a viewing angle characteristic diagram when the ₅₀ and 20% gradation display T _20, (a) the left of the screen - the viewing angle characteristic in the right direction, FIG. 12 (b) bottom of the screen - the viewing angle characteristic in the upward direction FIG. 13C shows the viewing angle characteristics in the lower left-right direction of the screen, and FIG. 13D shows the viewing angle characteristics in the lower right-upper left direction of the screen.

  As shown in FIG. 13A to FIG. 13D, the liquid crystal display element of this modified example has each of the left-right direction, the lower-upward direction, the lower-left-lower-right direction, and the lower-right-upper-left direction of the screen. The angle dependency of the transmittance of the direction is improved, the viewing angle characteristic has no inversion of intermediate gradation over a wide angle range in each direction, and the contrast is higher than that of the liquid crystal display element of the above embodiment.

(Second Embodiment)
14 to 16 show a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in the second embodiment.

  The liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is the same as the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment, except that a first retardation plate 26 is provided between the first polarizing plate 11 and the first viewing angle compensation plate 19. The second retardation plate 27 is disposed between the second polarizing plate 15 and the second viewing angle compensation plate 22. A plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 are a pair of substrates 2 of the liquid crystal cell 1 of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16. , 3, the base materials 14, 18 on the surface facing each other, the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20, 23 and the base materials 21, 24, and the first and second retardation plates 26, 27. It is made up of. The other structure of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment.

  15 shows the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the polarizing layers of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. 12, the absorption axes 12a, 16a, the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19, 22, the viewing angle compensation layers 20, 23, the optical axis directions 20a, 23a, the first and the second viewing angles. The direction of the slow axes 26a and 27a of the two phase difference plates 26 and 27 is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the absorption of the polarizing layers 12 and 16 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 are obtained. The directions of the axes 12a and 16a and the directions of the optical axis directions 20a and 23a of the viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The first retardation plate 26 has its slow axis 26 a oriented in a direction substantially parallel to the optical axis direction 20 a of the first viewing angle compensation layer 20 of the first viewing angle compensation plate 19. Has been placed. The second retardation plate 27 has its slow axis 27a oriented in a direction substantially parallel to the optical axis direction 23a of the second viewing angle compensation layer 23 of the second viewing angle compensation plate 22. Is arranged.

  In this embodiment, the value Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is set to 420 nm, and the thickness direction retardation Rth and the in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are set. Were set to Rthi = 70 nm and Roi = −47 nm, respectively. Further, the thicknesses of the base materials 14 and 18 on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 16 facing the liquid crystal cell 1 and the thicknesses of the base materials 21 and 24 of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23, respectively. The values of longitudinal retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi were set to Rthi = 89 nm and Roi = 9 nm, respectively. Further, the thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 were set to Rthi = 175 nm and Roi = 35 nm, respectively. Thus, the retardation value in the thickness direction of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16, and the voltage when a voltage is applied. The total value of the liquid crystal layer 10 and the retardation value in the liquid crystal layer direction is set in the range of −80 nm to +80 nm.

FIG. 16 is a view angle characteristic diagram when the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation display T _50, and 20% gradation display T ₂₀ . Is the left-right viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (b) is the lower-upper viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (c) is the lower-left-lower viewing angle characteristic of the screen, and (d) is the right side of the screen. The viewing angle characteristic in the lower-upper left direction is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 16A to FIG. 16D, the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has each of left-right direction, down-up direction, down-left-down direction and down-right-up-left direction of the screen. The angular dependence of the direction transmittance is improved. In each direction, the viewing angle characteristic has no inversion of intermediate gradation over a wide angle range. A television receiver using this liquid crystal display element has a wide viewing angle in the left-right direction, the lower left-lower right direction, and the lower right-upper left direction, and has a high contrast.

(Third embodiment)
17, 19 and 20 show a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in the third embodiment.

  The liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is the same as that of the liquid crystal display element of the second embodiment, but between the first retardation plate 26 and the first viewing angle compensation plate 19 and the second retardation plate. The first and second optical films 28 and 29 having a phase difference are further disposed between the second viewing angle compensation plate 22 and the second viewing angle compensation plate 22, respectively. A plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 are a pair of substrates 2 of the liquid crystal cell 1 of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16. , 3, the base materials 14, 18 on the surface facing each other, the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20, 23 and the base materials 21, 24, and the first and second retardation plates 26, 27. And the first and second optical films 28 and 29. The other structure of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the second embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the first and second optical films 28 and 29 in the optical medium 100 are respectively in two directions orthogonal to each other on the film surfaces, that is, the surfaces parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell 1. The refractive index nx of one of x and y, the refractive index nx of the other, and the refractive index nz in the thickness direction z perpendicular to the film surface (substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell 1) have a relationship of nx = ny> nz. .

  That is, each of the first and second optical films 28 and 29 is a retardation film having an optical axis in the thickness direction z perpendicular to the film surface.

  FIG. 19 shows the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the polarizing layer 12 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. , 16 of the absorption axes 12a, 16a, the directions of the optical axis directions 20a, 23a of the viewing angle compensation layers 20, 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19, 22, and the first and second The direction of the slow axes 26a, 27a of the phase difference plates 26, 27 and the direction of the optical axes 28a, 29a of the first and second optical films 28, 29 are shown.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the alignment treatment directions 7 a and 8 a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the absorption of the polarizing layers 12 and 16 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15. The orientations of the axes 12a and 16a and the orientations of the optical axis directions 20a and 23a of the viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 are the same as in the first and second embodiments. It is.

  On the other hand, the first retardation plate 26 has its slow axis 26a substantially 110 in the counterclockwise direction when viewed from the observation side with respect to the horizontal axis direction of the screen (the direction indicated by the one-dot chain line in the figure). It is arranged in the direction of crossing at an angle of °. The second retardation plate 27 has a slow axis 27a intersecting the horizontal axis direction of the screen in a counterclockwise direction as viewed from the observation side at an angle of substantially 20 °, that is, the first phase plate 27a. The one phase difference plate 26 is arranged in a direction substantially orthogonal to the slow axis 26a. The orientations of the optical axes 28 a and 29 a of the first and second optical films 28 and 29 are perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell 1.

  In this embodiment, the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is set to 385 nm, and the thickness direction retardation Rth and the in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are set. Were set to Rthi = 159 nm and Roi = −38 nm, respectively. Further, the thicknesses of the base materials 14 and 18 on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 16 facing the liquid crystal cell 1 and the thicknesses of the base materials 21 and 24 of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23, respectively. The values of longitudinal retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi were set to Rthi = 89 nm and Roi = 9 nm, respectively. Further, the thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 were set to Rthi = 50 nm and Roi = 64 nm, respectively. The thickness direction retardation Rthi of the first and second optical films 28 and 29 was set to −160 nm (the in-plane retardation Roi of the optical films 28 and 29 was 0 respectively). In this way, the thickness direction retardation value of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16, and the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 10. The total value with the value of the layer thickness direction retardation is set in a range of 0 ± 80 nm.

FIG. 20 is a view angle characteristic diagram in the case of white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation display T ₅₀ and 20% gradation display T ₂₀ of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. Is the left-right viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (b) is the lower-upper viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (c) is the lower-left-lower viewing angle characteristic of the screen, and (d) is the right side of the screen. The viewing angle characteristic in the lower-upper left direction is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 20A to FIG. 20D, the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has a left-right direction, a down-up direction, a down-left-down direction, and a down-right-up-left direction of the screen. It has viewing angle characteristics in which the angle dependency of the transmittance in the direction is improved and there is no inversion of intermediate gradations over a wide angle range in each direction. A television receiver using this liquid crystal display element has a wide viewing angle in the left-right direction, the lower left-lower right direction, and the lower right-upper left direction, and has a high contrast.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIGS. 21 to 23 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 21 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in the fourth embodiment.

  The liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is the same as that of the liquid crystal display element of the second embodiment, but between the first retardation plate 26 and the first viewing angle compensation plate 19 and the second retardation plate. 27 and the second viewing angle compensation plate 22, for example, between the second retardation plate 27 and the second viewing angle compensation plate 22, the optical system described in the third embodiment. A film 29 is further arranged, and a plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 are the first and second polarizing layers 12, The base materials 14 and 18 of the 16 liquid crystal cells 1 facing the pair of substrates 2 and 3, the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 and the base materials 21 and 24, and the first And the second retardation plates 26 and 27 and the optical film 29. The other structure of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the third embodiment.

  FIG. 22 shows the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the polarizing layer 12 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. 16, the direction of the absorption axes 12 a, 16 a, the direction of the optical axis directions 20 a, 23 a of the viewing angle compensation layers 22, 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19, 22, and the first and second The direction of the slow axes 26a, 27a of the phase difference plates 26, 27 and the direction of the optical axis 29a of the optical film 29 are shown.

  As shown in FIG. 22, the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the absorption of the polarizing layers 12 and 16 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 are obtained. The orientations of the axes 12a and 16a and the orientations of the optical axis directions 20a and 23a of the viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates 19 and 22 are the same as in the first and second embodiments. It is. The direction of the slow axis 26a of the first retardation plate 26 and the direction of the slow axis 27a of the second retardation plate 27 are the same as those in the third embodiment. The direction of the optical axis 29 a of the optical film 29 is perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell 1.

  In this embodiment, the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is set to 386 nm, and the thickness direction retardation Rth and the in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are set. Were set to Rthi = 159 nm and Roi = −38 nm, respectively. Further, the thicknesses of the base materials 14 and 18 on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 16 facing the liquid crystal cell 1 and the thicknesses of the base materials 21 and 24 of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23, respectively. The values of longitudinal retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi were set to Rthi = 89 nm and Roi = 9 nm, respectively. Further, the thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 were set to Rthi = 50 nm and Roi = 64 nm, respectively. The thickness direction retardation Rthi of the optical film 28 was set to -160 nm (the in-plane retardation Roi of the optical film 28 was 0). Thus, the retardation value in the thickness direction of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16, and the liquid crystal layer 10 The total value of the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation value is set in a range of 0 ± 80 nm.

FIG. 23 is a view angle characteristic diagram when the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation display T _50, and 20% gradation display T ₂₀ . Is the left-right viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (b) is the lower-upper viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (c) is the lower-left-lower viewing angle characteristic of the screen, and (d) is the right side of the screen. The viewing angle characteristic in the lower-upper left direction is shown.

  As shown in FIGS. 23 (a) to 23 (d), the television receiver using the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has a left-right direction, a lower-up direction, a lower-left-lower direction, The angle dependency of the transmittance in each direction from the lower right to the upper left direction is improved, and the viewing angle characteristic has no halftone inversion over a wide angle range in each direction. A television receiver using this liquid crystal display element has a wide viewing angle in the left-right direction, the lower left-lower right direction, and the lower right-upper left direction, and has a high contrast.

(Fifth embodiment)
24 to 26 show a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 24 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in the fifth embodiment.

  The liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is the same as that of the liquid crystal display element of the second embodiment, except that the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are the plates of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27. It is formed on the surface. A plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 are a pair of substrates 2 of the liquid crystal cell 1 of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16. , 3, the base materials 14, 18 facing each other, the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20, 23, and the first and second retardation plates 26, 27. The other structure of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the second embodiment.

  FIG. 25 shows the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the polarizing layer 12 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. , 16 of the absorption axes 12a, 16a, the directions of the optical axis directions 20a, 23a of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20, 23, and the first and second retardation plates 26, 27 The direction of the slow axes 26a and 27a is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 25, the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the absorption of the polarizing layers 12 and 16 of the first and second polarizing plates 11 and 15 are obtained. The directions of the axes 12a and 16a and the directions of the optical axis directions 20a and 23a of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The direction of the slow axis 26a of the first retardation plate 26 and the direction of the slow axis 27a of the second retardation plate 27 are the same as those in the third embodiment.

  In this embodiment, the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is set to 385 nm, and the thickness direction retardation Rth and the in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are set. Were set to Rthi = 70 nm and Roi = −47 nm, respectively. Further, the thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi of the base materials 14 and 18 on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 16 facing the liquid crystal cell 1 are set to Rthi = 89 nm and Roi = 9 nm, respectively. Set. Further, the thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 were set to Rthi = 55 nm and Roi = 71 nm, respectively. In this way, the thickness direction retardation value of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16, and the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 10. The total value with the value of the layer thickness direction retardation is set in a range of 0 ± 80 nm.

  In the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are formed on the plate surfaces of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27, and the first polarizing layer is formed. A surface of the plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 having a retardation in the thickness direction, which faces the liquid crystal cell 1 of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16. The base materials 14 and 18 were used. Thus, since the number of base materials having retardation in the thickness direction can be reduced, the angle dependency of transmittance can be improved more effectively.

FIG. 26 is a view angle characteristic diagram in the case of white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation display T ₅₀ and 20% gradation display T ₂₀ of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. Is the left-right viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (b) is the lower-upper viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (c) is the lower-left-lower viewing angle characteristic of the screen, and (d) is the right side of the screen. The viewing angle characteristic in the lower-upper left direction is shown.

  As shown in FIGS. 26 (a) to 26 (d), the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has a left-right direction, a down-up direction, a down-left-down direction, and a down-right-up-left direction of the screen. It has viewing angle characteristics in which the angle dependency of the transmittance in the direction is improved and there is no inversion of intermediate gradations over a wide angle range in each direction. A television receiver using this liquid crystal display element has a wide viewing angle in the left-right direction, the lower left-lower right direction, and the lower right-upper left direction, and has a high contrast.

(Sixth embodiment)
27 to 29 show the present invention, and FIG. 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in the sixth embodiment.

  The liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is the same as the liquid crystal display element of the second embodiment, but is opposite to the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 facing the pair of substrates 2 and 3 of the liquid crystal cell 1. The base materials 13 and 17 are provided only on the outer surface on the side, and the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 are respectively provided on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 facing the liquid crystal cell 1. Laminated. A plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 include the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27, and the first and second retardation layers. Viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23, and base materials 21 and 24 of these viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23. The other structure of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the second embodiment.

  FIG. 28 shows the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the absorption axes 12a of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. , 16a, the optical axis directions 20a, 23a of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20, 23, and the slow axes 26a, 27a of the first and second retardation plates 26, 27. Indicates the direction.

  As shown in FIG. 28, the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the directions of the absorption axes 12a and 16a of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 are used. The directions of the optical axis directions 20a and 23a of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 and the directions of the slow axes 26a and 27a of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 are as described above. The same as in the first embodiment.

  In this embodiment, the value Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is set to 420 nm, and the thickness direction retardation Rth and the in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are set. Were set to Rthi = 159 nm and Roi = −38 nm, respectively. In addition, the thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi values of the base materials 21 and 24 of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 were set to Rthi = 89 nm and Roi = 9 nm, respectively. Further, the thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 were set to Rthi = 175 nm and Roi = 35 nm, respectively. Thus, the retardation value in the thickness direction of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16, and the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 10 The total value with the layer thickness direction retardation value is set in a range of 0 ± 80 nm.

  In the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, base materials 13 and 17 are provided only on the outer surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16, and the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 are opposed to the liquid crystal cell 1. The first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 are laminated on the surface to be coated, and the retardation in the thickness direction of the plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 is stacked. Only the base materials 21 and 24 of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 were used. Thus, since the number of base materials having retardation in the thickness direction can be reduced, the angle dependency of transmittance can be improved more effectively.

FIG. 29 is a view angle characteristic diagram in the case of the white display T _W , the black display T _B , the 50% gradation display T ₅₀ and the 20% gradation display T ₂₀ of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. Is the left-right viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (b) is the lower-upper viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (c) is the lower-left-lower viewing angle characteristic of the screen, and (d) is the right side of the screen. The viewing angle characteristic in the lower-upper left direction is shown.

  As shown in FIGS. 29 (a) to 29 (d), the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has a left-right direction, a down-up direction, a down-left-down direction, and a down-right-up-left direction of the screen. It has viewing angle characteristics in which the angle dependency of the transmittance in the direction is improved and there is no inversion of intermediate gradations over a wide angle range in each direction. A television receiver using this liquid crystal display element has a wide viewing angle in the left-right direction, the lower left-lower right direction, and the lower right-upper left direction, and has a high contrast.

(Seventh embodiment)
30 to 32 show a seventh embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 30 is a schematic sectional view of the liquid crystal display element used in the seventh embodiment.

  The liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is the same as the liquid crystal display element of the second embodiment, but is opposite to the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 facing the pair of substrates 2 and 3 of the liquid crystal cell 1. The base materials 13 and 17 are provided only on the outer surface on the side, and the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 are laminated on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 facing the liquid crystal cell 1, respectively. Furthermore, the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are formed on the surfaces of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 facing the liquid crystal cell 1, respectively. A plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 include the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27, and the first and second retardation layers. Viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23. The other structure of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the second embodiment.

  FIG. 31 shows the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the absorption axes 12a of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment. , 16a, the optical axis directions 20a, 23a of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20, 23, and the slow axes 26a, 27a of the first and second retardation plates 26, 27. Indicates the direction.

  As shown in FIG. 31, the alignment treatment directions 7a and 8a of the first and second alignment films 7 and 8 of the liquid crystal cell 1 and the directions of the absorption axes 12a and 16a of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 are used. The directions of the optical axis directions 20a and 23a of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The first retardation plate 26 is arranged with its slow axis 26a facing in a direction that intersects with the horizontal axis direction of the screen in a counterclockwise direction at a substantially 100 ° angle when viewed from the observation side. ing. The second retardation plate 27 has a slow axis 27a that intersects the horizontal axis direction of the screen in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from the observation side at an angle of substantially 10 °, that is, the first phase plate 27a. The phase difference plate 26 is arranged in a direction substantially orthogonal to the slow axis 26a.

  In this embodiment, the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the liquid crystal cell 1 is set to 430 nm, and the thickness direction retardation Rth and the in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 are set. Were set to Rthi = 70 nm and Roi = −47 nm, respectively. In addition, the thickness direction retardation Rthi and in-plane retardation Roi of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 were set to Rthi = 70 nm and Roi = 48 nm, respectively. Thus, the thickness direction retardation value of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer 10 between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16, and the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal layer 10 The total value with the thickness direction retardation value is set in a range of 0 ± 80 nm.

  In the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, base materials 13 and 17 are provided only on the outer surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16, and the first and second polarizing layers 12 and 16 are opposed to the liquid crystal cell 1. The first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 are laminated on the surface to be processed, and further, the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 are disposed on the surfaces of the first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 facing the liquid crystal cell 1. By forming the viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23, the base material having the retardation in the thickness direction is eliminated from the plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16, Only the base materials 21 and 24 of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 were used. Thus, since the number of base materials having retardation in the thickness direction can be reduced, the angle dependency of transmittance can be improved more effectively.

FIG. 32 is a view angle characteristic diagram when the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is white display T _W , black display T _B , 50% gradation display T _50, and 20% gradation display T ₂₀ . Is the left-right viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (b) is the lower-upper viewing angle characteristic of the screen, (c) is the lower-left-lower viewing angle characteristic of the screen, and (d) is the right side of the screen. The viewing angle characteristic in the lower-upper left direction is shown.

  As shown in FIGS. 32A to 32D, the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has a left-right direction, a down-up direction, a down-left-down direction, and a down-right-up-left direction of the screen. It has viewing angle characteristics in which the angle dependency of the transmittance in the direction is improved and there is no inversion of intermediate gradations over a wide angle range in each direction. A television receiver using this liquid crystal display element has a wide viewing angle in the left-right direction, the lower left-lower right direction, and the lower right-upper left direction, and has a high contrast.

(Other embodiments)
The first and second viewing angle compensation layers 20 and 23 in each of the above embodiments are discotic liquid crystal layers in which discotic liquid crystal molecules 25 are hybrid-aligned. The angle compensation layer is not limited to the discotic liquid crystal layer, and includes, for example, a liquid crystal layer in which elongated spherical liquid crystal molecules are tilted and aligned in one direction with respect to a plane parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell 1. It may be a thing.

  In addition, the liquid crystal display element of each of the above embodiments is a normally white type in which the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 are arranged with their absorption axes 12a and 16a substantially orthogonal to each other. However, the liquid crystal display element may be a normally black type in which the first polarizing layer 12 and the second polarizing layer 16 are arranged with their absorption axes 12a and 16a substantially parallel to each other. .

  Further, the television receiver of each of the above embodiments receives a digital broadcast wave, demodulates the digital broadcast wave, outputs a transport stream, and separates video data and audio data from the transport stream. Although it is a digital broadcast receiving apparatus that generates video data and audio data by decoding, the receiving apparatus of the present invention receives and demodulates an analog broadcast wave and superimposes these various signals. It is also possible to use an analog broadcast wave receiver that separates video and audio from the analog signal and generates the video signal and audio signal in accordance with the STNC method. In this case as well, a television using the liquid crystal display element is used. John's receiver has a wide viewing angle.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Liquid crystal cell, 2, 3 ... Substrate, 4, 5 ... Electrode, 6R, 6G, 6B ... Color filter, 7, 8 ... Alignment film, 10 ... Liquid crystal layer, 10a ... Liquid crystal molecule, 11, 15 ... Polarizing plate, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12,16 ... Polarizing layer, 12a, 16a ... Absorption axis, 13, 14, 17, 18 ... Base material, 19, 22 ... Viewing angle compensation plate, 20, 23 ... Viewing angle compensation layer (discotic liquid crystal layer), 20a , 23a ... Optical axis, 21, 24 ... Base material, 25 ... Discotic liquid crystal molecule, 26, 27 ... Retardation plate, 26a, 27a ... Slow axis, 28, 29 ... Optical film, 28a, 29a ... Optical axis, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Liquid crystal display element, 102, 103 ... Film laminated body, 110 ... Data line, 120 ... Gate line, 200 ... Broadcast receiver, 201 ... Housing, 202 ... Window part, 300 ... Speaker, 400 ... Switch group, 500 ... antenna, 600 Backlight, 601 ... light guide plate, 602 ... optical film, 603 ... reflective film, 604 ... light source, 501 ... tuner, 502 ... demodulator, 503 ... video / audio decoding processor, 504 ... display driver, 505 ... audio Signal generation unit 506... Transmission parameter holding unit 507... Control unit 514... Drive control circuit 524... Scan line drive circuit 534.

Claims (26)

A liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which inner surfaces facing each other are formed with at least one electrode and an alignment film covering the electrode;
A polarizing layer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, each having a transmission axis that transmits linearly polarized light, an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to the transmission axis, and at least one substrate that supports the polarizing layer; First and second polarizing plates comprising:
The liquid crystal cell is disposed between the first and second polarizing plates, respectively, and each of them has a phase difference in a plane parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. And first and second viewing angle compensation layers having
The substrate surface of each of a plurality of other optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer. The total value of retardation in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the thickness and the layer thickness of the optical layer, indicates that the liquid crystal molecules are between the electrodes of the first and second substrates. The retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage high enough to rise and align with respect to the liquid crystal layer, is offset. A liquid crystal display element characterized by being set to a value to be   The thickness direction retardation of each of the plurality of optical layers and the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal layer are the total value of the thickness direction retardation of each of the plurality of optical layers and the value of the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein a value obtained by adding together is set in a range of −80 nm to +80 nm.   The liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation value of the liquid crystal layer when a sufficiently high voltage is applied to rise and align the liquid crystal molecules and the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer are excluded. 2. The liquid crystal according to claim 1, wherein the total value of the retardation values in the thickness direction of each of the plurality of optical layers is set such that the difference between the absolute values of the optical layers is 80 nm or less and the sign is opposite. Display element.   In the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface and the liquid crystal molecules rise and align to the value Δnd of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal display element is a value calculated by multiplying a coefficient in a range of 0.72 to 0.89 selected according to a sufficiently high voltage value.   For each of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer, one and the other of two directions perpendicular to each other in a plane parallel to the substrate surface are set to X The thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, the Z-axis, the refractive index in the X-axis direction nx, the refractive index in the Y-axis direction ny, the refractive index in the Z-axis direction nz, and the optical layer Where d is the thickness of the liquid crystal material, the total retardation value in the thickness direction of each optical layer represented by {(nx + ny) / 2−nz} · d is the refractive index anisotropic of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer. The value of the product Δnd of the property Δn and the liquid crystal layer thickness d is selected according to the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface and the value of a high voltage sufficient for the liquid crystal molecules to rise and align. Set to a value substantially equal to the value calculated by multiplying by a coefficient in the range of .89. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 3.   The total value of the thickness direction retardation values of the plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer is the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer. 4. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal display element is set to be substantially equal to a value calculated by multiplying a value of a product [Delta] nd of [Delta] n and a liquid crystal layer thickness d by a coefficient of 0.83.   In-plane retardation in each of a plurality of optical layers including a liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer in a plane parallel to the substrate surface, and a layer thickness of each of the plurality of optical layers 2. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein a total value of the in-plane retardation formed by the product of is set in a range of 350 nm to 600 nm. The liquid crystal cell
A first surface on which at least one first electrode and a first alignment film provided to cover the first electrode and subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction are formed on one surface. 1 substrate,
At least one second electrode opposed to the first electrode is disposed on a surface opposed to the electrode formation surface of the first substrate, and opposed to the first substrate, and the second electrode is disposed A second substrate on which is formed a second alignment film that is provided so as to be subjected to an alignment process in a second direction that intersects the first direction at an angle of substantially 90 °;
A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first alignment film of the first substrate and the second alignment film of the second substrate in a twist alignment with a substantially 90 ° twist angle;
Consists of
The first polarizing plate has a first polarizing layer having an absorption axis in a direction crossing at an angle of substantially 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film,
The second polarizing plate has a second polarizing layer having an absorption axis in a direction substantially perpendicular to or substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1. Each of the first and second polarizing layers is provided on at least the surface of the polarizing layer facing the first and second substrates, and the product of the phase difference and the layer thickness in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. Comprising a substrate made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation consisting of
Each of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers is provided on at least one surface of these viewing angle compensation layers, and has a thickness formed by a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. It has a base material made of a resin film with directional retardation,
The plurality of optical layers excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer are opposed to at least the first and second substrates of the first and second polarizing layers. 2. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display element comprises: the surface base material; the first and second viewing angle compensation layers; and the base material of these viewing angle compensation layers. .   A first retardation plate is further disposed between the first polarizing layer and the first viewing angle compensation layer, and a second retardation is provided between the second polarizing layer and the second viewing angle compensation layer. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, further comprising a plate. The first and second polarizing layers are provided on at least the surfaces of the polarizing layers facing the first and second substrates, respectively, and a phase difference and a layer thickness in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. Comprising a base material made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation consisting of
11. The liquid crystal display according to claim 10, wherein the first and second viewing angle compensation layers are formed on the plate surfaces of the first retardation plate and the second retardation plate, respectively. element. Each of the first and second polarizing layers includes a base material made of a resin film disposed on an outer surface opposite to the surfaces facing the first and second substrates of these polarizing layers,
Each of the first and second viewing angle compensation layers is provided on at least one surface of these viewing angle compensation layers, and has a thickness direction that is a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness on a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. A substrate made of a resin film with retardation is provided,
11. The first and second retardation plates are laminated on surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers facing the first and second substrates, respectively. Liquid crystal display element. Each of the first and second polarizing layers includes a base material made of a resin film disposed on an outer surface opposite to the surfaces facing the first and second substrates of these polarizing layers,
The first and second retardation plates are respectively laminated on the surfaces of the first and second polarizing layers facing the first and second substrates,
The liquid crystal display element according to claim 10, wherein the first and second viewing angle compensation layers are formed on the plate surfaces of the first and second retardation plates, respectively.   At least one between the first retardation plate and the first viewing angle compensation layer and between the second retardation plate and the second viewing angle compensation layer is in a plane parallel to the substrate surface. An optical film in which one refractive index nx and the other refractive index ny in two directions orthogonal to each other and a refractive index nz in a thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is in a relationship of nx = ny> nz is further disposed. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 10. A first surface on which at least one first electrode and a first alignment film provided to cover the first electrode and subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction are formed on one surface. 1 substrate,
At least one second electrode opposed to the first electrode is disposed on a surface opposed to the electrode formation surface of the first substrate, and opposed to the first substrate, and the second electrode is disposed A second substrate on which is formed a second alignment film that is provided so as to be subjected to an alignment process in a second direction that intersects the first direction at an angle of substantially 90 °;
The liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between the first alignment film of the first substrate and the second alignment film of the second substrate, and liquid crystal molecules are formed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A liquid crystal layer twisted with a twist angle of substantially 90 ° between,
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface, and has an absorption axis in a direction substantially intersecting at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film. A first polarizing layer, and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the first and second substrates, provided on at least a surface of the first polarizing layer facing the first substrate. A first polarizing plate provided with a base material made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation consisting of a product of the thickness and the layer thickness;
The absorption axis is arranged to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface of the second substrate and is substantially orthogonal to or substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer. And a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface provided on at least a surface of the second polarizing layer facing the second substrate. A second polarizing plate comprising a substrate made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation,
Between the first substrate and the first polarizing plate, and between the second substrate and the second polarizing plate, each in a plane parallel to the substrate surface. A viewing angle compensation layer having a phase difference and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface; provided on at least one surface of the viewing angle compensation layer; and a position in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. A first and a second viewing angle compensator provided with a substrate made of a resin film having a thickness direction retardation consisting of a product of a phase difference and a layer thickness;
At least the first and second substrates of the first and second polarizing plates between the first polarizing layer of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing layer of the second polarizing plate; The liquid crystal layer including the base material of the opposing surfaces, the respective viewing angle compensation layers of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates, and the base material of the first and second viewing angle compensation plates A thickness direction retardation value formed by a product of a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of each of the plurality of optical layers excluding, and a layer thickness of each of the plurality of optical layers; A phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer and a liquid crystal when a voltage high enough for the liquid crystal molecules to rise and be aligned with respect to the substrate surface is applied between the electrodes of the second substrate; The total value of the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation, which is the product of the layer thickness, is in the range of −80 nm to +80 nm. The liquid crystal display element characterized by being constant.   In the liquid crystal layer thickness direction retardation, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface and the liquid crystal molecules rise and align to the value Δnd of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 15, wherein the liquid crystal display element is a value calculated by multiplying a coefficient in a range of 0.72 to 0.89 selected according to a sufficiently high voltage value.   Each of a plurality of optical layers including a plurality of base materials, a plurality of viewing angle compensation layers, and a liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer in a plane parallel to the substrate surface 16. The liquid crystal display according to claim 15, wherein a total value of in-plane retardation comprising a product of an in-plane retardation and a layer thickness of each of the plurality of optical layers is set in a range of 350 nm to 600 nm. element.   A first retardation plate is further disposed between the first polarizing layer and the first viewing angle compensation layer, and a second retardation is provided between the second polarizing layer and the second viewing angle compensation layer. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 15, further comprising a plate. A first surface on which at least one first electrode and a first alignment film provided to cover the first electrode and subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction are formed on one surface. 1 substrate,
At least one second electrode opposed to the first electrode is disposed on a surface opposed to the electrode formation surface of the first substrate, and opposed to the first substrate, and the second electrode is disposed A second substrate on which is formed a second alignment film that is provided so as to be subjected to an alignment process in a second direction that intersects the first direction at an angle of substantially 90 °;
The liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between the first alignment film of the first substrate and the second alignment film of the second substrate, and liquid crystal molecules are formed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A liquid crystal layer twisted with a twist angle of substantially 90 ° between,
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface, and has an absorption axis in a direction substantially intersecting at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film. A first polarizing layer having,
The absorption axis is arranged to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface of the second substrate and is substantially orthogonal to or substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer. A second polarizing layer with
The first substrate and the first polarizing layer, and the second substrate and the second polarizing layer are disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizing layer, respectively. First and second viewing angle compensation layers having a phase difference in a plane parallel to the plane and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate plane,
For each of a plurality of optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer, One and the other of the two orthogonal directions in the parallel plane are the X axis and the Y axis, respectively, the thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is the Z axis, the refractive index in the X axis direction is nx, and the Y axis direction is The refractive index is ny, the refractive index in the Z-axis direction is nz, the thickness of the optical layer is d, and the thickness direction retardation of each optical layer represented by {(nx + ny) / 2−nz} · d is Rthi, When the thickness direction retardation obtained by adding the thickness direction retardation Rthi of each optical layer is Rth, and the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d is Δnd. , The thickness direction retardation Rth is
−80 nm <Rth−0.83Δnd <80 nm
A liquid crystal display element characterized by being set in a range satisfying For a plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer, the in-plane retardation of each optical layer represented by (nx-ny) · d is Roi, and the in-plane retardation of each optical layer is When the in-plane retardation obtained by adding the value of Roi is Ro, the in-plane retardation Ro and Δnd of the liquid crystal layer are respectively
Ro + Δnd = 350 nm to 600 nm
The liquid crystal display element according to claim 19, wherein the liquid crystal display element is set in a range satisfying the above. A liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which inner surfaces facing each other are formed with at least one electrode and an alignment film covering the electrode;
A polarizing layer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, each having a transmission axis that transmits linearly polarized light, an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to the transmission axis, and at least one substrate that supports the polarizing layer; First and second polarizing plates comprising:
The liquid crystal cell is disposed between the first and second polarizing plates, respectively, and each of them has a phase difference in a plane parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. And first and second viewing angle compensation layers having
The substrate surface of each of a plurality of other optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer. The total value of retardation in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the thickness and the layer thickness of the optical layer, indicates that the liquid crystal molecules are between the electrodes of the first and second substrates. The retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage high enough to rise and align with respect to the liquid crystal layer, is offset. A liquid crystal display element set to a value to be
A liquid crystal display device comprising: a display driving unit configured to supply a signal to electrodes formed on the pair of substrates based on video data supplied from outside to drive the liquid crystal display element. Of the pair of substrates of the liquid crystal display element, at least one counter electrode is provided on one substrate, and regions facing each of the counter electrodes are arranged in a matrix for forming an image on the other substrate. A plurality of pixel electrodes for forming the plurality of pixels formed;
A display driving unit configured to supply a scanning signal for scanning at least one line to each of the plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix;
A data line driving circuit that generates a signal to be supplied to each pixel according to the supplied video data and supplies the pixel to each of the plurality of pixels, and
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, further comprising a drive control circuit that controls operations of the scanning line driving circuit and the data line driving circuit. A broadcast receiving unit that receives a broadcast wave that has been broadcast, demodulates and outputs a demodulated signal having at least video data and audio data;
A video / audio data generating unit for separating the video data and audio data from the demodulated signal output by the broadcast receiving unit and outputting the video data and audio data;
Based on the video data supplied from the video / audio data generation unit, an image display unit that drives a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix to display an image;
A first substrate provided on one surface with at least one first electrode and an alignment film covering the first electrode;
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the electrode forming surface, and the regions facing the first electrode are arranged in a matrix for forming an image on the surface facing the first substrate. A second substrate provided with a plurality of second electrodes forming a plurality of pixels and an alignment film covering the electrodes;
A liquid crystal layer sandwiched by twist-aligning liquid crystal molecules between the first and second substrates;
A polarizing layer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer, each having a transmission axis that transmits linearly polarized light, an absorption axis in a direction perpendicular to the transmission axis, and at least one substrate that supports the polarizing layer; First and second polarizing plates comprising:
The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the first and second polarizing plates, respectively, and each of them has a phase difference in a plane parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface. And first and second viewing angle compensation layers having
The substrate surface of each of a plurality of other optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer. The total value of retardation in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the thickness and the layer thickness of the optical layer, indicates that the liquid crystal molecules are between the electrodes of the first and second substrates. The retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction, which is the product of the phase difference in the plane perpendicular to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage high enough to rise and align with respect to the liquid crystal layer, is offset. A liquid crystal display element set to a value to be
Based on the audio data supplied from the video / audio data generation unit, an audio signal is generated, and an audio generation unit that generates audio by the audio signal;
A broadcast receiving apparatus comprising: The broadcast receiving unit includes a tuner unit that receives a digitally broadcast digital broadcast signal, and a demodulation unit that demodulates the received digital broadcast signal into a multiplexed signal including at least video data and audio data.
24. The video / audio data generating unit includes a video / audio decoding processing unit that separates the video data and audio data from the multiplexed signal and decodes them to generate video data and audio data. The broadcast receiving apparatus described in 1. A broadcast receiving unit that receives and demodulates the broadcast signal, and outputs a demodulated signal having at least video data and audio data;
A video / audio data generating unit for separating the video data and audio data from the demodulated signal output by the broadcast receiving unit and outputting the video data and audio data;
Based on the video data supplied from the video / audio data generation unit, an image display unit that drives a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix to display an image;
A first surface on which at least one first electrode and a first alignment film provided to cover the first electrode and subjected to an alignment process in a predetermined first direction are formed on one surface. 1 substrate,
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the electrode forming surface, and the regions facing the first electrode are arranged in a matrix for forming an image on the surface facing the first substrate. A plurality of second electrodes forming a plurality of pixels, and are provided so as to cover the second electrodes, and are oriented in a second direction substantially intersecting the first direction at an angle of 90 °. A second substrate on which a processed second alignment film is formed;
The liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between the first alignment film of the first substrate and the second alignment film of the second substrate, and liquid crystal molecules are formed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A liquid crystal layer twisted with a twist angle of substantially 90 ° between,
The first substrate is disposed so as to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface, and has an absorption axis in a direction substantially intersecting at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film. A first polarizing layer having,
The absorption axis is arranged to face the outer surface opposite to the electrode forming surface of the second substrate and is substantially orthogonal to or substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer. A second polarizing layer with
The first substrate and the first polarizing layer, and the second substrate and the second polarizing layer are disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizing layer, respectively. First and second viewing angle compensation layers having a phase difference in a plane parallel to the surface and a phase difference in a plane perpendicular to the substrate surface,
For each of a plurality of optical layers including at least the first and second viewing angle compensation layers and excluding the liquid crystal layer between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer, One and the other of the two orthogonal directions in the parallel plane are the X axis and the Y axis, respectively, the thickness direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is the Z axis, the refractive index in the X axis direction is nx, and the Y axis direction is The refractive index is ny, the refractive index in the Z-axis direction is nz, the thickness of the optical layer is d, and the thickness direction retardation of each optical layer represented by {(nx + ny) / 2−nz} · d is Rthi, When the thickness direction retardation obtained by adding the thickness direction retardation Rthi of each optical layer is Rth, and the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer thickness d is Δnd. , The thickness direction retardation Rth is
A liquid crystal display element set in a range satisfying −80 nm <Rth−0.83Δnd <80 nm;
A broadcast receiving apparatus comprising: an audio generation unit that generates an audio signal based on audio data supplied from the video / audio data generation unit and generates audio based on the audio signal. For a plurality of optical layers between the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer, the in-plane retardation of each optical layer represented by (nx-ny) · d is Roi, and the in-plane of each optical layer When the in-plane retardation obtained by adding the value of the retardation Roi is Ro, the in-plane retardation Ro and the Δnd of the liquid crystal layer are respectively
Ro + Δnd = 350 nm to 600 nm
26. The broadcast receiving apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the broadcast receiving apparatus is set in a range satisfying the above.

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