JP2009145092A - Ground water flow-cum-turbidity measuring instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ground water flow-cum-turbidity measuring instrument for measuring the turbidity of ground water and furthermore the color of the ground water simultaneously in real time, together with flow speed and flow direction of the ground water, by making the most of a merit that this measuring instrument is based on image measurement, thereby materializing work quantity reduction at a measurement site and work cost reduction. <P>SOLUTION: This ground water flow-cum-turbidity measuring instrument is for photographing the moving state of an imaged object in ground water by an imaging means to measure the flow speed and flow direction of the ground water from a taken image of the imaged object. A reference bottom plate with a black point formed on its surface is provided in an imaged place for therein photographing the moving state of the imaged object in the ground water. The turbidity of ground water flowing on the bottom plate can be measured from a taken image of the black point on the bottom plate. This measuring instrument is characterized by measuring the turbidity of ground water while measuring the flow speed and flow direction of the ground water. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  In the present invention, groundwater flow and turbidity measurement (flow direction / velocity) in various investigations related to construction work, for example, groundwater flow and turbidity measurement in a cracked bedrock, groundwater flow and turbidity measurement in the preliminary soil environment investigation, etc. The present invention relates to a groundwater flow and turbidity measuring apparatus capable of measuring the turbidity of groundwater, that is, the turbidity of groundwater or the color of groundwater simultaneously.

In recent years, groundwater flow and turbidity measurement obstruction due to construction work and well drainage problems, as well as groundwater and soil contamination due to water leakage from waterstop walls and sheets and industrial waste have become serious social problems. Therefore, it is extremely important to obtain not only the soil permeability coefficient but also the groundwater flow direction and flow velocity with high accuracy in order to carry out highly accurate impact prediction and effective countermeasures against these ground environmental conservation problems. (See FIG. 7).
Here, as a measuring device, for example, the distilled water having a specific resistance different from that of groundwater is replaced as a tracer at the center of the borehole measuring portion in which twelve electrodes are arranged on the circumference, and the resistance value changes between the electrodes. A device (Patent No. 1395123 patent publication) for measuring the flow direction flow velocity of groundwater is known.

In addition, a measuring instrument composed of a detection unit using weights, threads, floats, and electrodes is inserted into the borehole, and an apparatus and a measuring method for measuring the flow velocity of groundwater by electrically measuring the movement of the float are also available. Generally known (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-70067).

Furthermore, a measuring apparatus and a measuring method are known in which an air layer is formed in a measurement case in groundwater, and the movement of an insulator float floating in the groundwater is measured as a change in electrical resistance by two sets of electrodes (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-260707). 2000-56036).
In addition, when measuring the flow direction flow velocity described above, if the “turbidity” of the groundwater can be grasped simultaneously in real time in the construction management in order to grasp the influence on the surrounding well water (drinking water) during the propulsion construction, safety and security during construction can be ensured. There was a demand that it could be provided to neighboring residents.
Here, conventional techniques for measuring turbidity are generally known, such as a double beam transmission light measurement method (absorption photometry) and a transmission light measurement method.
Japanese Patent No. 1395123 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-70067 JP 2000-56036 A Japanese Patent No. 3101776 Japanese Patent No. 3716024

However, in the prior art, an apparatus capable of simultaneously measuring the flow rate of groundwater and the turbidity of the groundwater or the color of the groundwater was considered to be unable to perform the same position and simultaneous measurement because the measurement principle was completely different. However, since it has to be measured separately using a separate measuring device, there are many problems such as about twice as much labor for measurement and about twice as much cost.

Thus, the present invention was devised to address the above-described conventional problems, and maximizes the merits of a groundwater flow and turbidity measurement device based on image measurement. As a result, it is an object of the present invention to provide a groundwater flow and turbidity measuring device that can simultaneously measure the color of groundwater in real time, thereby reducing the amount of work at the measurement site and reducing the cost of work.

The groundwater flow and turbidity measuring apparatus according to the present invention is:
It is a groundwater flow and turbidity measurement device that captures the moving state of the object to be imaged in the groundwater with an imaging means and measures the flow rate and flow direction of the groundwater from the imaged image of the object to be imaged.
A reference bottom plate with black spots formed on the surface is provided at a shooting location where the movement of the object to be photographed in the groundwater is photographed, and the turbidity of groundwater flowing on the reference bottom plate is measured by the black spot on the reference bottom plate. It can be measured from the captured image,
Simultaneously with the measurement of the velocity and direction of the groundwater, the turbidity of the groundwater can be measured.
It is characterized by
Or
It is a groundwater flow and turbidity measurement device that captures the moving state of the object to be imaged in the groundwater with an imaging means and measures the flow rate and flow direction of the groundwater from the imaged image of the object to be imaged.
A reference bottom plate with black spots formed on the surface is provided at the shooting location where the movement of the object to be photographed in the ground water is taken, and the turbidity of groundwater flowing on the reference bottom plate is determined by the black spots on the reference bottom plate. In addition to photographing, the photographed image is converted into a gray image to obtain a gray image numerical value, and the image numerical value is compared with a reference numerical value table in which the relationship between the degree of gray image and turbidity is digitized in advance. It becomes possible to measure the turbidity of groundwater by the numerical value corresponding to the numerical value of
The measurement of the flow rate and direction of the groundwater and the turbidity measurement of the groundwater can be measured simultaneously.
It is characterized by
Or
It is a groundwater flow and turbidity measurement device that captures the moving state of the object to be imaged in the groundwater with an imaging means and measures the flow rate and flow direction of the groundwater from the imaged image of the object to be imaged.
A reference bottom plate having a color point formed on the surface is provided at an object to be photographed regarding the moving state of the object to be photographed in the groundwater, and the turbidity of groundwater flowing on the reference bottom plate is determined by the color on the reference bottom plate. Taking a color image of a point, obtaining an RGB value from the photographed image, and comparing the obtained RGB value with a reference numerical value table in which the relationship between the RGB value of the color image and turbidity and hue is digitized in advance, It becomes possible to measure the turbidity and hue of groundwater by the RGB values corresponding to the reference numerical table,
The groundwater flow velocity and flow direction measurement and groundwater turbidity, color measurement can be measured simultaneously,
It is characterized by this.

If the groundwater flow and turbidity measuring device according to the present invention,
By taking full advantage of the groundwater flow and turbidity measurement device by image measurement, the groundwater turbidity and the color of groundwater can be measured simultaneously in real time as well as the flow rate and direction of the groundwater. It has an excellent effect that it can be realized.
That is, conventionally, it has been necessary to measure the flow and turbidity of groundwater, and the turbidity and color of groundwater using separate measuring instruments. However, in the present invention, it can be simultaneously measured in real time with one measuring device. In addition, if the captured images are acquired and stored for a long period of time, it is possible to measure the flow rate and flow direction of the relevant groundwater as well as to analyze the turbidity and color of the relevant underground, and to obtain detailed data of the relevant groundwater. It becomes.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a groundwater flow / turbidity measuring apparatus based on image measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a borehole drilled in the ground of a predetermined area. The groundwater flow and turbidity measuring device according to the present embodiment is installed in the borehole 1 using the packers 19... (See FIG. 1).
Reference numeral 2 denotes an apparatus main body of the groundwater flow / turbidity measuring apparatus. For example, the apparatus main body 2 has a cylindrical shape having a space inside and is configured in a case shape.
A CCD camera 3 is arranged on the upper side in the apparatus main body 2 with its imaging direction facing downward.

An azimuth meter 20 formed of a magnet or the like may be installed above the CCD camera 3.
A measurement unit 4 through which groundwater passes is provided below the CCD camera 3.
The measuring unit 4 is configured as a free space so that the inside of the apparatus main body 2 communicates with the outside, and is configured so that the groundwater to be measured can pass smoothly. That is, no wall surface is provided on the outer periphery. Therefore, the measuring unit 4 is often configured to be connected and supported by a plurality of rod-shaped columns 17 between the bottom surface of the measuring unit 4 and the apparatus main body 2.

In FIG. 1 and the like, reference numeral 5 denotes an outer cylinder for setting an initial value, and has a structure that can be slid in the vertical direction to shut off the measuring unit 4 when setting the initial value, as will be described later.
Therefore, when the outer cylinder 5 is arranged as shown in FIG. 2, the measuring unit 4 is configured to be sealed in the apparatus body 2 (see FIG. 2).

As for the initial value setting, the initial value can be set without using the outer cylinder 5 in order to shut off the measuring unit 4 when setting the initial value.
In recent years, it is common to set initial values without using the outer cylinder 5. For example, the boring hole 1 is excavated in the vertical direction, and the apparatus is always installed in the boring hole 1 excavated in the vertical direction, and initial values are set in that state, or The calibration (initial value setting work) is performed many times to perform accurate initial value setting.

Reference numeral 29 denotes a reference bottom plate, which is installed on the bottom surface of the measuring unit 4 with its surface facing up and facing the CCD camera 3. The reference bottom plate 29 is formed in a substantially disk shape, and black spots used for turbidity measurement are provided on the surface of the reference bottom plate 29 at predetermined intervals, for example, at four points (see FIG. 14). Here, the number of black spots or the size of the black spots is not limited in the present invention.
Further, a concave portion 10 is formed in the central portion of the reference bottom plate 29 so as to fit and fix a spherical stopper 9 of the tilt measuring body 6 described later.
An inclined measuring body 6 configured to swing in a horizontal direction in a so-called pendulum manner from a substantially central portion of the reference bottom plate 29 for measuring turbidity provided on the bottom surface of the measuring unit 4 is erected upward. It can be attached.

Here, the pendulum type tilt measuring body 6 has a float 7 having a lighter specific gravity than the ground water to be measured, and a member that continuously extends below the float 7 and has a specific gravity substantially equal to the ground water to be measured. And a slant measuring body main body 8 having a long cylindrical shape, and a spherical stopper 9 which is continuous with the slant measuring body main body 8 and is formed of a member having a specific gravity heavier than the ground water to be measured. Good.
When the pendulum type tilt measuring body 6 is submerged in the groundwater to be measured in the measuring section 4, the tilt measuring body 6 is moved from the substantially central portion of the bottom surface of the measuring section 4, that is, from the central portion of the reference bottom plate 29. Due to the buoyancy of the floating body 7, the floating body 7 is erected upward (in the vertical direction).

Here, as described above, a concave portion 10 that is recessed in a substantially spherical shape is formed in a substantially central portion of the reference bottom plate 29 for measuring turbidity corresponding to the bottom surface of the measuring portion 4, and the spherical portion is formed in the concave portion 10. The locking tool 9 is in a loosely fitted state.
Thus, with the spherical locking tool 9 loosely fitted in the recess 10 as a fulcrum, the tilt measuring body main body 8 connected to the tip of the floating body 7 oscillates smoothly and smoothly in the horizontal direction in the groundwater to be measured in the groundwater to be measured. It is set as the structure which can be performed (refer FIG. 8).
In addition, you may make it the structure which attached the locking piece 11 to the position near the upper part of a recessed part so that the said spherical locking tool 9 may not be extracted from the recessed part 10. FIG.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, if the spherical locking device 9 is formed of a member having a relatively higher specific gravity than the ground water to be measured, the spherical locking device 9 is formed in the concave portion 10 even if the concave portion 10 is shallow. There is little risk of getting out.
Also in this case, the configuration may be such that the locking piece 11 is attached in the vicinity of the upper portion of the recess so that the spherical locking tool 9 is not pulled out from the recess 10 (see FIG. 4).
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, if a magnet 18 is provided at a predetermined interval below the concave portion 10, it will not come out further.

Here, the magnet 18 is preferably of a type that loses magnetic force when energized in relation to the bearing meter 20.
That is, there is a possibility that the spherical locking tool 9 may be extracted from the recess 10 when the apparatus is installed in the boring hole 1, and the spherical locking tool 9 smoothly rotates especially during measurement. It is preferable to use a configuration that does not exert a magnetic force as much as possible.

By the way, the above-mentioned floating body 7 preferably has a substantially conical shape such as a candle cocoon, and the top of the tip is colored such as black so that the CCD camera 3 can easily recognize the swing. Thus, the imaging mark 12 may be formed.
Further, as can be understood from FIG. 6, the float 7 can be configured to be detachably attached to the tilt measuring body main body 8, for example, a female screw hole provided on the top surface of the tilt measuring body main body 8. 13 may be configured such that the male screw 14 of the floating body 7 can be screwed to the connector 13 and connected.

That is, the specific gravity of the groundwater to be measured is not constant due to the influence of the salinity concentration or the like, and the float 7 having different specific gravity can be used according to the specific gravity of the groundwater to be measured.
Therefore, for example, even in the case of groundwater measurement in which the specific gravity is considered to be relatively light compared to normal groundwater, the floating body 7 should always be measured if it is replaced with a floating body 7 having a lighter specific gravity than the groundwater. Thus, the tilt measuring body 8 can be erected continuously in the vertical direction in the groundwater.

Further, for example, in the case of groundwater measurement in which the specific gravity is considered to be relatively heavier than normal groundwater, the float 7 may be replaced with a slightly lighter specific gravity than the groundwater. That is, if the float 7 has a specific gravity slightly lower than that of the groundwater, it does not have a large buoyancy in the groundwater to be measured. It is because it can be in a state. The tilt measuring body 8 is smoothly swung horizontally by the flow of groundwater.

Further, FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the pendulum type tilt measuring body 6. Here, the inclination measuring body main body 8 is formed as a floating body / tilt measuring body 21 with the floating body 7 long. The float / tilt measuring body 21 is attached to the spherical locking tool by a thread-like linear connecting member 22. Thus, the pendulum type tilt measuring body 21 can also be configured in this way.

Next, reference numeral 15 denotes a light source, and the light source 15 may be provided on the lower side of the measurement unit 4 so as to irradiate upward, that is, toward the CCD camera 3 side.
The light source 15 may be formed of sunlight or artificial light. That is, if the conducting wire 16 of the light source 15 is constituted by an optical fiber cable or the like, the sunlight on the ground can be used as the light source 15.
Although not shown, in the present invention, it is preferable to provide the light source 15 so as to illuminate the lower side of the measuring unit 4 from above. That is, the installation position of the light source 15 should be considered so that a plurality of black spot portions depicted on the reference bottom plate 24 can be photographed relatively clearly by the CCD camera 3.

The measurement method using the apparatus according to the present invention will be described above.
As understood from the figure, a bored hole 1 extending in the substantially vertical direction from the ground to the ground is formed at a location where groundwater is to be measured. Then, the apparatus is lowered and inserted into the boring hole 1 and stored.
When the location to be measured is determined, the packer is inflated to fix the apparatus main body 2 in the boring hole 1.

Here, the flow velocity measuring method in the present invention will be described.
In the groundwater to be measured, the pendulum type tilt measuring body 6 in the measuring unit 4 swings along the flow in the groundwater as shown by an arrow (see FIG. 8).
Then, the imaging mark 12 provided on the top surface of the swinging floating body 7 is photographed by the CCD camera 3.
And the said imaging | photography in arbitrary time points, for example, t1, t2, t3 ... tn, is repeated, the image of the imaging mark 12 is calculated by the personal computer 23 at each time point, and the moving direction and moving amount at each time point Can be used to determine the direction and flow velocity of groundwater.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, it is assumed that the imaging mark 12 at the tip of the float 7 is at a distance L from the fulcrum (spherical locking tool 9).
The coordinates (photograph coordinates) on the image in the still water state (sealed state) of the float 7 are P0 (X0, Y0).

次に、移動量d(t)は次式となる。

If the flow velocity at time t is V (t) and the coordinates (photograph coordinates) on the image of the floating body 7 at the same time are Pt (Xt, Yt), each coordinate of the floating body by the flow velocity V (t) The movement amount of the component is represented by the following equation (see FIG. 11).

Next, the movement amount d (t) is expressed by the following equation.

The movement amount d and the flow velocity V can be uniquely determined by experiments.
Using an object to be photographed consisting of a floating body 7 having a specific gravity, which has a length L up to the tip of the floating body 7, and an inclined rod 6, the amount of movement d at various uniform flow rates is experimentally measured, and the measurement result Equation (3) is determined from

V = f (d) (3) where f (d) is a function that is experimentally determined by the buoyancy of the float 7 and the shape of the inclined rod 6.

Therefore, it is considered that the relational expression between the movement amount d and the flow velocity V has a relation shown in FIG.
That is, the movement amount d and the flow velocity V have a non-linear relationship, and when the movement amount is small, the amount of change in the flow velocity increases as the movement amount increases, but when the movement amount increases to some extent, the flow velocity increases. However, it is considered that the amount of movement is not so large.

Moreover, when the shape and specific gravity of the inclined bar 6 are the same, it is thought that the relationship between the amount of movement and the flow velocity differs depending on the buoyancy of the float 7. That is, when the flow velocity is constant at V1, the amount of movement d is greater when the buoyancy of the float 7 is smaller than when it is large.
Thus, since the moving amount d of the tip of the floating body 7 is affected by the flow velocity, the buoyancy of the floating body 7, and the shape of the inclined bar 6 (related to the horizontal force received from the fluid), the floating body 7 and the inclined bar 6 After determining the specific gravity and shape, it is necessary to conduct an experimental study and grasp the relationship between the movement amount d and the flow velocity V.
Here, the direction of groundwater can be measured because the direction on the captured image is known by the azimuth meter 20 built in the apparatus main body 2 as shown in FIG. For example, FIG. 11 shows a case where the north and the positive Y-axis direction on the acquired image match.

As shown in FIG. 13, this system is automated as a system capable of continuous measurement. That is, for example, in the personal computer 23, an acquisition unit 24 for continuously acquiring digital images taken by the CCD camera 3 as data is provided, and the data acquired by the acquisition unit 24 is as described above by the movement amount calculation unit 25. Then, the moving amount of the imaging mark 12 is calculated, and the flow velocity of the groundwater is converted and measured by the flow velocity measuring unit 26 from the calculated value. Furthermore, the measured groundwater flow direction and flow velocity can be stored and stored in a storage storage unit 27 such as a hard disk, and the flow direction and flow velocity can be recognized by a display unit 28 such as a display.

Next, a method for measuring turbidity in the apparatus of the present invention will be described.
First, the turbidity of water is an index of “the numerical value of the turbidity of water”. Turbidity refers to fine, insoluble particles such as silt, clay, algae, other plankton, and organic matter. Generated by the suspended matter containing. The standard of turbidity is usually “turbidity when 1 mg of kaolin or formazine is contained in 1 L of purified water” as “turbidity of 1 degree”.

In the present embodiment, kaolin (white ceramic clay) is considered to be used as a standard. Kaolin refers to clay formed by silica (silicon dioxide SiO2), alumina (Al203), and water (H2O) as main components.
It should be noted that the case of using kaolin and the case of using formazin do not have the same turbidity of 1 degree, but have a relationship of “degree (kaolin) ≈0.7 × degree (formazin)”.
About the unit of turbidity, degree (kaolin) may be expressed in mg / L, and “degree (kaolin) = mg / L”. Degree (formazin) may also use the unit called FTU (Forumajin Turbidity Unit). Also, a unit called NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) may be used, and this can also be calculated as “degree (kaolin) ≈0.7 × NTU”.
That is, “NTU = FTU [degree (formazin)]”.

Here, in the measurement by the groundwater flow and turbidity measuring apparatus according to the present invention at the measurement site, a so-called calibration chart that is used as a reference for obtaining turbidity by a test in advance is created in advance.

The preliminary test and turbidity measurement at the measurement site will be described below.
Pre-test is done to create a calibration chart.
That is, the CCD camera 3 takes an image of the reference bottom plate 29 with black spots drawn on the surface through reagent water 33 with known turbidity.
First, the calibration chart is created. In creating the calibration chart, first, the stepwise gray difference between the so-called gray color (dark gray to light gray) of the gray image at each turbidity is determined. The numerical value to be represented (shown in (2) below) must be detected, identified and determined.

Therefore, a test apparatus 32 for a preliminary test for creating a calibration chart under the same conditions as those of the measuring apparatus according to the present invention is manufactured and used.
The test apparatus 32 is generally composed of a CCD camera 30, a measuring unit 31, and the reference bottom plate 29 for measuring turbidity (see FIG. 14).
A reagent water 33 having a known turbidity is put into the measurement unit 31 and the CCD camera 30 is used to photograph the reference bottom plate 29 through the reagent water 33.

In FIG. 14, turbidity of 10, turbidity of 50 and turbidity of 100 and turbidity of reagent water 33 having different turbidity are put, and the above-mentioned reference bottom plate 29 is sequentially photographed by the CCD camera 30 through the reagent water 33. ing.
In this way, the captured image is acquired for each turbidity using the test apparatus 32 (see FIG. 14).

As described above, the reagent water 33 contains 1 mg of “kaolin” in 1 L of “purified water” as described above to make reagent water with “turbidity of 1 degree”, then, for example, turbidity of 10 degrees, Reagent water 33 having a turbidity of 50 degrees and a turbidity of 100 degrees is prepared.
Here, if the turbidity is 10 degrees, 10 mg of “kaolin” is contained in 1 liter of “purified water”, and if turbidity is 50 degrees, 50 mg of “kaolin” is contained in 1 liter of “purified water”. Used.

As the test apparatus 32, an apparatus that can freely adjust the distance between the CCD camera 30 and the reference bottom plate 29 is used at the time of photographing.
Therefore, before using the test apparatus 32, the CCD camera 30 of the test apparatus 32 and the reference bottom plate 29 are matched with the distance between the CCD camera 3 and the reference bottom plate 29 in the groundwater flow measurement / turbidity measurement apparatus that is to be used in the field in advance. It is assumed that the distance between the reference bottom plates 29 is adjusted.

(2) The image photographed in (1) is converted into a gray image, the gray degree is converted into a numerical value, and the numerical value is obtained and determined.
Here, in the so-called “turbidity 1” state, it is said that the display of the gray image shows numerical values of “0” for black and “255” for white.
Next, at “turbidity of 10”, the black spot is not visible as black but looks a little gray, and when the black spot is indicated by a numerical value, it is about “100”.

Further, when the turbidity is 50, the black point appears to be a gray color, and the black point that appears to be a gray color is expressed as “160”.
When the turbidity is 100, the black dot displays a numerical value of about “200”.
In this way, the gray degree of the black point of the image at each turbidity, here “turbidity 1”, “turbidity 10”, “turbidity 50”, and “turbidity 100” is sequentially calibrated as a gray image value, It is digitized.

(3) Based on the calibration result (numerical result), the turbidity of groundwater at the actual site is measured from the image taken at the actual site.
That is, at the measurement site, an image photographed by the groundwater flow / turbidity measuring apparatus of the present invention is converted into a gray image, and a numerical value of the gray degree of a black spot that appears gray is calculated.
Then, the numerical value of the gray image obtained at the measurement site is compared with the so-called reference numerical value table obtained in the above (2), the corresponding numerical value is extracted, and the turbidity of the corresponding groundwater is determined.

Here, for the above calculation, for example, an acquisition unit 35 that continuously captures images taken by the CCD camera 3 as data is provided in the personal computer 34, and the image data captured by the acquisition unit 35 is converted into a gray image. The gray image numerical value calculation unit 36 converts the black dot gray image numerical value as described above, and the turbidity calculation unit 41 calculates the turbidity of the groundwater from the gray image numerical value using the calibration chart. is there.

Further, the measured turbidity of groundwater can be stored and stored in a storage storage unit 37 such as a hard disk, and this turbidity can be recognized by a display unit 38 such as a display.
The turbidity calculation described above may be used by the measurer for comparison based on the calibration chart and the calculation work.

It is also possible to measure continuous turbidity by taking a moving image by the CCD camera 3 and automatically processing the moving image.
That is, with the CCD camera 3 in the groundwater flow and turbidity measuring apparatus of the present invention, images of the turbidity measurement bottom plate 29 photographed through groundwater on site are continuously captured and obtained, for example, It is also possible to perform continuous turbidity measurement by decomposing for each frame, acquiring images for each frame, comparing these with a calibration chart, and performing calculation processing.

An acquisition unit 35 is provided in the personal computer 34. The acquisition unit 35 can continuously acquire images taken by the CCD camera 3 as data. The data acquired by the acquisition unit 35 is continuously converted into a gray image, and gray image values are obtained. The calculation unit 36 continuously calculates the gray image values of the black spots, and the turbidity is continuously calculated from the gray image values using the calibration chart.
Further, the measured turbidity of the groundwater can be stored and stored by a storage storage unit 37 such as a hard disk, and this turbidity can be recognized by a display unit 38 such as a display.

By the way, the groundwater flow and turbidity measuring apparatus according to the present invention can also perform “chromaticity” measurement together with “turbidity” measurement.
Here, “chromaticity” refers to the degree of yellowish brown color of soluble substances and colloidal substances contained in water. The color components include metals such as iron and humic substances contained in water, and indicate the degree of contamination by them.

The standard of “chromaticity” will be described. “Corresponding to coloration when 1 mg of platinum ions and 0.5 mg of cobalt ions are contained in 1 L of purified water” is defined as “1 degree of chromaticity”. That is, if it is twice darker than this, it will be “chromaticity 2 degrees”, and if it is 3 times darker, it will be “chromaticity 3 degrees”.
First, an example of creating a calibration chart for obtaining turbidity and chromaticity by a test in advance when measuring with a groundwater flow and turbidity measuring apparatus according to the present invention at a measurement site will be described.

(1) For example, in the preliminary test, the CCD camera 30 starts to photograph the reference bottom plate 29 having color points drawn on the surface through reagent water 33 with known turbidity.
First, a calibration chart relating to turbidity is prepared. In the preparation, a numerical value representing a so-called stepwise color difference of a color image at each turbidity, for example, an RGB value (see (3) below). It can also be done by calculating and specifying and determining.

Note that the photographed image can be converted into a gray image as described above, and turbidity can be measured using this gray image.
First, in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, a test apparatus 32 for preliminary testing for creating a calibration chart under the same conditions as the measuring apparatus for measuring on site (the length from the CCD camera 30 to the reference bottom plate 29 is the same). Is used.

The test apparatus 32 is generally composed of a CCD camera 30, a measurement unit 31, and the reference bottom plate 29 having a color point on the surface.
Reagent water 33 with known turbidity is placed in the measurement unit 31, and the CCD camera 30 photographs the reference bottom plate 29 through the reagent water 33.
At this time, the turbidity known reagent water 33 having different turbidity is added, and the CCD camera 30 sequentially photographs the reference bottom plate 29 through the reagent water 33.

In this manner, a captured image is acquired using the test apparatus 32 for each turbidity.
Here, in the case of the turbidity measurement, for example, a reference base plate 29 of a type in which color points are provided at four positions on the surface portion is used.
The number of color points or the size of the color points is not limited in the present invention.
As the test apparatus 32, an apparatus that can freely adjust the distance between the CCD camera 30 and the reference bottom plate 29 is used at the time of photographing.

Therefore, before using the test apparatus 32, the CCD camera 30 of the test apparatus 32 and the reference bottom plate 29 are matched with the distance between the CCD camera 3 and the reference bottom plate 29 in the groundwater flow measurement / turbidity measurement apparatus that is to be used in the field in advance. It is assumed that the distance between the reference bottom plates 29 is adjusted.

(2) Next, in the present embodiment, a calibration chart relating to chromaticity is created in order to measure chromaticity.
Therefore, when creating the calibration chart, a numerical value (shown in (3) below) representing a stepwise color difference of, for example, a so-called RGB value of a predetermined color image in each chromaticity must be specified and determined. I must.
For this reason, a test apparatus 32 for a preliminary test is installed under the same conditions as those of the measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

The test apparatus 32 is generally composed of a CCD camera 30, a measurement unit 31, and the reference bottom plate 29 having a color point on the surface.
Reagent water 39 with a known chromaticity is put into the measurement unit 31, and the reagent water 39 is passed through the CCD camera 30 to photograph the reference bottom plate 29.
At this time, reagent water 39 having different chromaticity and known chromaticity is put, and the reagent water 39 is passed through and the CCD camera 30 sequentially photographs the reference bottom plate 29.

In this way, a captured image is acquired for each chromaticity using the test apparatus 32 (see FIG. 15).
Here, in the case of chromaticity measurement, a reference base plate 29 of a type in which color points are provided at, for example, four places on the surface portion is used.
The number of color points or the size of the color points is not limited in the present invention.

As described above, the reagent water 39 contains 1 mg of “platinum ions” and 0.5 mg of “cobalt ions” in 1 L of “purified water” as reagent water with “chromaticity of 1 degree”, For example, each reagent water 39 having a chromaticity of 10 degrees, a chromaticity of 50 degrees, and a chromaticity of 100 degrees is prepared.
If the chromaticity is 10 degrees, 10 mg of “platinum ions” and 5 mg of “cobalt ions” are added to 1 liter of “purified water”. If the chromaticity is 50 degrees, 1 liter of “purified water” is contained. In which 50 mg of “platinum ions” and 25 mg of “cobalt ions” are used.

As the image measuring device 32, an image measuring device that can freely adjust the distance between the camera 30 and the reference bottom plate 29 is used.
Therefore, before using the test apparatus 32, the camera 30 and the reference of the test apparatus 32 are matched with the distance between the CCD camera 3 and the reference bottom plate 29 in the groundwater flow and turbidity measurement apparatus that is used in the field in advance. It is assumed that the distance between the bottom plates 29 is adjusted.

(3) The color image photographed in the above (1) and (2) is digitized as, for example, an RGB value, and compared with the calibration chart relating to the chromaticity created in advance (the RGB value referenced for chromaticity). .
Here, a color image is digitized as a color image numerical value by, for example, RGB values.

Specifically, by representing the color image acquired in the above (1) and (2) in a so-called XYZ chromaticity diagram of, for example, an RGB system, each color image numerical point shown on the graph of the XYZ chromaticity diagram is Color image numerical values corresponding to turbidity and chromaticity are obtained, and a calibration chart is created from the obtained color image numerical values.

(4) Turbidity and chromaticity can be measured from a color image taken at an actual site based on the calibration result (RGB numerical result).
That is, at the measurement site, a color image taken by the groundwater flow / turbidity measuring apparatus of the present invention is calculated as a numerical value based on a so-called RBG value.
Then, the RGB values obtained at the measurement site are compared with the so-called standard RGB value table obtained in the above (2), the corresponding values are extracted, and the chromaticity of the corresponding groundwater is obtained.

Here, the above calculation can be automatically performed by a system as shown in FIG. For example, in the personal computer 34, an acquisition unit 35 that continuously captures images taken by the CCD camera 3 as data is provided, and the color image data acquired by the acquisition unit 35 is obtained by the color image numerical value calculation unit 40 as described above. Thus, for example, RGB values of a color image are converted into numerical values and corresponding numerical values are calculated, and from this numerical value, the chromaticity calculating unit 42 compares and calculates with a calibration chart prepared in advance, and the corresponding chromaticity is calculated. Will be calculated.

Further, the calculated chromaticity of the groundwater can be stored and stored in a storage storage unit 37 such as a hard disk, and the chromaticity can be recognized by a display unit 38 such as a display.
Although the above-mentioned chromaticity can be calculated manually by a measurer using a calibration chart, a long working time is required.
Further, the CCD camera 3 in the measuring apparatus of the present invention acquires an image between the reference bottom plates 29 photographed through groundwater at the site as a moving image, and continuously performs automatic processing on the acquired moving image, thereby continuously. Chromaticity measurement can be made possible.

That is, the above calculation can be automated as a system in which the system can continuously measure.
That is, as described above, images captured by the CCD camera 3 are continuously captured as moving image data into the acquisition unit 35 in the personal computer 34, and the color moving image data captured by the acquisition unit 35 is converted into a color image numerical value calculation unit. The numerical value of the RGB value is calculated by 40 as described above, and the chromaticity calculating unit 42 can automatically and continuously calculate the chromaticity from the numerical value using the calibration chart.
Further, the measured chromaticity of the groundwater can be stored and stored in a storage storage unit 37 such as a hard disk, and the chromaticity can be recognized by a display unit 38 such as a display.

Note that the measurement accuracy can be remarkably improved by performing the above measurement by changing the installation position of the present apparatus and repeating the measurement for each necessary location and depth.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, in the present invention, as an example, it is possible to accurately measure the flow and turbidity of groundwater in the surrounding area of the factory. From the precise measurement results, the viewpoint of conservation and restoration of the ground environment is shown. Therefore, it is possible to carry out safe and highly accurate impact prediction and effective countermeasure work.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is structure explanatory drawing (the 1) explaining schematic structure of this invention. FIG. 3 is a configuration explanatory diagram (part 2) illustrating a schematic configuration of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is structure explanatory drawing (the 1) explaining schematic structure of the principal part in this invention. FIG. 3 is a configuration explanatory diagram (part 2) illustrating a schematic configuration of a main part in the present invention. FIG. 3 is a configuration explanatory diagram (part 3) illustrating a schematic configuration of a main part in the present invention. It is a schematic structure explanatory drawing explaining the schematic structure of an exchangeable floating body. It is explanatory drawing explaining the use condition of this invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining the state which a pendulum type inclination measuring body rocks. It is structure explanatory drawing explaining the other Example of a pendulum type inclination measuring body. It is explanatory drawing (the 1) explaining the relationship between the moving amount | distance of an imaging mark, the flow direction of groundwater, and the flow velocity. It is explanatory drawing (the 2) explaining the relationship between the moving amount | distance of an imaging mark, the flow direction of groundwater, and the flow velocity. It is explanatory drawing explaining the relationship between the moving amount | distance of the imaging mark of a floating body front-end | tip, and the flow velocity of groundwater. It is explanatory drawing (the 1) explaining schematic structure of the flow and turbidity measuring system of groundwater by this invention. It is explanatory drawing (the 1) explaining schematic structure of the test apparatus in the flow and turbidity measuring system of groundwater by this invention. It is explanatory drawing (the 2) explaining schematic structure of the test apparatus in the flow and turbidity measuring system of groundwater by this invention. It is explanatory drawing (the 2) explaining schematic structure of the flow and turbidity measuring system of groundwater by this invention. It is explanatory drawing (the 3) explaining schematic structure of the flow and turbidity measuring system of groundwater by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Boring hole 2 Apparatus main body 3 CCD camera 4 Measuring part 5 Outer cylinder 6 Inclination measuring body 7 Floating body 8 Inclination measuring body main body 9 Spherical locking tool 10 Recess 11 Locking piece 12 Imaging mark 13 Female screw hole 14 Male screw 15 Light source 16 Conductor 17 Rod-shaped support 18 Magnet 19 Packer 20 Direction meter 21 Float and tilt measuring body 22 Linear connecting member 23 Personal computer
24 acquisition unit 25 movement amount calculation unit 26 flow velocity measurement unit 27 storage storage unit 28 display unit 29 reference bottom plate 30 CCD camera 31 measurement unit 32 test device 33 turbidity reagent water 34 personal computer 35 acquisition unit 36 gray image numerical value calculation unit 37 storage storage Unit 38 display unit 39 chromaticity reagent water 40 color image numerical value calculation unit 41 turbidity calculation unit 42 chromaticity calculation unit

Claims (3)

It is a groundwater flow and turbidity measurement device that captures the moving state of the object to be imaged in the groundwater with an imaging means and measures the flow rate and flow direction of the groundwater from the imaged image of the object to be imaged.
A reference bottom plate with black spots formed on the surface is provided at a shooting location where the movement of the object to be photographed in the groundwater is photographed, and the turbidity of groundwater flowing on the reference bottom plate is measured by the black spot on the reference bottom plate. It can be measured from the captured image,
Simultaneously with the measurement of the velocity and direction of the groundwater, the turbidity of the groundwater can be measured.
Groundwater flow and turbidity measuring device characterized by that.
It is a groundwater flow and turbidity measurement device that captures the moving state of the object to be imaged in the groundwater with an imaging means and measures the flow rate and flow direction of the groundwater from the imaged image of the object to be imaged.
A reference bottom plate with black spots formed on the surface is provided at the shooting location where the movement of the object to be photographed in the ground water is taken, and the turbidity of groundwater flowing on the reference bottom plate is determined by the black spots on the reference bottom plate. In addition to photographing, the photographed image is converted into a gray image to obtain a gray image numerical value, and the image numerical value is compared with a reference numerical value table in which the relationship between the degree of gray image and turbidity is digitized in advance. It becomes possible to measure the turbidity of groundwater by the numerical value corresponding to the numerical value of
The measurement of the flow rate and direction of the groundwater and the turbidity measurement of the groundwater can be measured simultaneously.
Groundwater flow and turbidity measuring device characterized by that.
It is a groundwater flow and turbidity measurement device that captures the moving state of the object to be imaged in the groundwater with an imaging means and measures the flow rate and flow direction of the groundwater from the imaged image of the object to be imaged.
A reference bottom plate having a color point formed on the surface is provided at an object to be photographed regarding the moving state of the object to be photographed in the groundwater, and the turbidity of groundwater flowing on the reference bottom plate is determined by the color on the reference bottom plate. Taking a color image of a point, obtaining an RGB value from the photographed image, and comparing the obtained RGB value with a reference numerical value table in which the relationship between the RGB value of the color image and turbidity and hue is digitized in advance, It becomes possible to measure the turbidity and hue of groundwater by the RGB values corresponding to the reference numerical table,
The groundwater flow velocity and flow direction measurement and groundwater turbidity, color measurement can be measured simultaneously,
Groundwater flow and turbidity hue measuring device characterized by that.

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