JP2009006342A - Dewatering and solidifying method for waste plant, and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To dewater waste plants, at a high dewatering rate to obtain a dewatered and solidified plant body in which water is not left in the inside. <P>SOLUTION: The dewatering/solidifying device is provided with pressure blocks 3, 9 comprising mountain parts 15 and valley parts 16 having shapes to be engaged with one another at the confronted pressure faces, and in which a plurality of draining holes opening to the pressure faces are formed in a penetrated manner so as to be relatively close to/separated from each other by cylinders 8, and crushed waste plant is fed to a space between the pressure blocks 3, 9, and the pressure blocks 3, 9 are made close to each other and while discharging oozed water from the draining holes, pressure is applied so as to form a dewatered and solidified body. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for dewatering and solidifying a waste plant that dehydrates the waste plant at a high dehydration rate and obtains a dehydrated solidified body in which no water remains.

  Waste vegetables that cannot be shipped or unnecessary parts of vegetables (stems, leaves, shells, cut-off parts, etc.), grasses and trees are treated as waste plants. Generally, such waste plants are transported to the incineration plant as raw garbage. Incineration, or partly transported to a fertilizer processing plant to produce fertilizer such as compost by fermentation, but waste plants are bulky and contain a lot of moisture and heavy For this reason, the farmers who grow vegetables have a problem that the cost for transporting the waste plants increases, and for this reason, the waste plants are dehydrated to reduce the volume. There is an urgent need to reduce the weight.

  On the other hand, when fertilizers such as compost are produced by fermenting waste plants, the content of water that is not suitable for fermentation by fermenting bacteria is large (the waste plants contain only a small amount of solids such as fibers and are almost 100%. % Is a water content), it takes a long time for the fermentation treatment, and further, it is difficult to uniformly ferment, so it is necessary to reduce the water content of the waste plant as much as possible. Here, if the waste plant can be dehydrated and the water content can be reduced to 30% or less, the volume can be reduced and the handling can be improved by weight reduction. Since it can be supplied as a raw material to a fertilizer supplier, there is an advantage that the amount of incineration processing at the incineration plant can be reduced and the burden on vegetable growing farmers and the like can be reduced.

As a conventional device for compressing and dewatering food waste, for example, there is a food waste dehydrator (Patent Document 1). This dehydrator crushes food waste by providing a crushing part, a pressing part connected to the crushing part, and a dehydrating part connected to the pressing part by two screw shafts provided in the casing, The operation of squeezing and dewatering can be performed continuously.
JP 2004-50036 A

  According to the dehydrator using a screw shaft as shown in Patent Document 1, food waste can be continuously crushed, compressed, and dehydrated. There is a problem that the water content cannot be effectively reduced by dehydrating the product to a high dehydration rate.

  In other words, with a dehydrator using a screw shaft, it is difficult to dehydrate the food waste that contains a large amount of water and has fluidity by applying a large pressure. Since it is difficult to effectively extract the water that is separated during the process, food waste cannot be treated at a high dehydration rate. Also, since the dehydrated machine using a screw shaft simply pushes out the processed material, handling of the processed material after dehydration is difficult to handle, such as handling in case of bagging. There is a problem that is necessary.

  On the other hand, as an apparatus for dewatering a waste plant or the like, as shown in FIG. 11, the apparatus main body a is moved to a fixed side pressure block b, and the pressure block b can be moved close to and away by a cylinder c or the like. Conventionally, a method is provided in which a pressure block d on the side is provided, a waste plant is supplied to the pressure space e, and the pressure block d is brought close to the pressure block b to pressurize and dehydrate. Although the method of dehydrating with such pressure blocks b and d cannot be continuously processed, it can be dehydrated by applying high pressure to the waste plant, so that a relatively high dehydration rate can be obtained. Thus, a rectangular solid processed product f as shown in FIG. 12 is obtained, and therefore there is an advantage that handling such as transportation and storage of the solid processed product f becomes easy.

  However, in the case of dehydration using the pressure blocks b and d shown in FIG. 11, since there is no means for effectively draining the internal moisture to the outside during the pressure dehydration of the waste plant, it is shown in FIG. 12. As described above, the surface of the solid processed product f is subjected to high dehydration, but there is a residual moisture portion g in which a large amount of water remains in the interior, and thus the solid processing in a state in which a large amount of water remains in the interior. The product f is heavy and difficult to handle, and when fertilizer such as compost is produced by fermenting the solid processed product f, since the fermentation inside the solid processed product f does not proceed, the time required for the fermentation process There is a problem that it takes a long time and is not uniformly fermented, so that a product such as a uniform fertilizer cannot be obtained.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method and apparatus for dehydrating and solidifying a waste plant that dehydrates the waste plant at a high dehydration rate and obtains a dehydrated solidified body in which no water remains. For the purpose.

  The present invention relates to a method for dehydrating and solidifying a waste plant by dehydrating and solidifying the waste plant, wherein a pressure block that can be moved closer to and away from the pressure space by a cylinder is provided in the pressure space, A crest portion and a trough portion that are meshed with the pressure surface are provided, and a plurality of drain holes that are open to the pressure surface are provided so that the crushed waste plants are supplied between the pressure blocks to provide the pressure block. The present invention relates to a method for dewatering and solidifying a waste plant, characterized in that a dehydrated solidified body is formed by pressurizing the water that exudes when approaching from the drain hole.

  In the method for dehydrating and solidifying a waste plant, it is preferable to supply a waste plant between which the waste plant is ground in advance by a crushing device so that moisture is easily separated.

  Moreover, in the said dehydration solidification method of a waste plant, it is preferable that the waste plant before a process is dehydrated to 30 to 15% by weight ratio.

  The present invention is a dehydrating and solidifying apparatus for a waste plant that dehydrates and solidifies a waste plant, and includes a pressure block that is disposed in a pressure space and moves relatively closer to and away from a cylinder. A crest portion and a trough portion are formed that mesh with each of the opposing pressure surfaces, and a plurality of drain holes that penetrate the respective pressure blocks and open to the pressure surface are formed. The present invention relates to a dehydrating and solidifying apparatus for waste plants.

  In the dehydrating and solidifying apparatus for a waste plant, the crest formed on the pressure surface of the pressure block may be a ridge having a triangular cross section, and the trough may be a groove having a triangular cross section that meshes with the ridge.

  In the dewatering and solidifying apparatus for waste plants, the drain hole may have a diameter of 1 to 3 millimeters.

  In the dehydrating and solidifying apparatus for waste plants, one pressure block is a detachable fixed side, and the other block is a movable side movable by a cylinder, and the fixed pressure block is removed. In this state, it is preferable to push the dehydrating solidified body out of the pressurizing space by pushing the moving pressure block with a cylinder.

  In the waste plant dehydrating and solidifying apparatus, it is preferable to attach a crushing device for grinding the waste plant in advance and supplying the waste plant to the pressurized space.

  According to the method and apparatus for dehydrating and solidifying a waste plant of the present invention, a crest and a trough are formed that mesh with each other on the opposing pressure surfaces of the pressure blocks that are relatively close to and away from each other, and the pressure surfaces are open. Since the water drained through the drainage hole is easily discharged when the waste plant is dehydrated by approaching the pressure block, the water drainage hole is easily discharged. An excellent effect that a dehydrated solid body having a high dehydration rate without water remaining can be obtained.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a cut side view showing an example of a dehydrating and solidifying apparatus for waste plants according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cut plan view of FIG. 1, and in the figure, 1 is a rectangular pressurized space 2 having a required length inside. A pressure block 3 (fixed side) is attachable and detachable by a fixture 4 inside one end side in the longitudinal direction (left end side in FIG. 1) of the pressure space 2 of the device main body 1. It is attached. As shown in FIG. 3, the fixing tool 4 includes a fixing bracket 5 projecting left and right outside at one end of the apparatus main body 1, and the fixing bracket 5 on the outer side surface (left side surface in FIG. 1) of the one pressure block 3. The fixing bracket 5 and the mounting bracket 6 are fastened by being inserted into the mounting bracket 6 projecting in the left-right direction at a position corresponding to, and the fastening notch 7a (FIG. 3) formed in the fixing bracket 5 and the mounting bracket 6. The fixing bolt 7 (FIG. 2) is configured. In addition to the illustrated example, the fixture 4 protrudes into the pressurizing space 2 on one end side of the apparatus main body 1 and locks one of the pressurizing blocks 3 from moving outward (leftward in FIG. 1). You may make it fix the latching tool made to the apparatus main body 1 so that attachment or detachment is possible.

  On the other hand, two cylinders 8 that are actuated by, for example, hydraulic pressure are disposed inside the pressurizing space 2 of the apparatus main body 1 on the other end side in the longitudinal direction, and are added so as to face the one pressurizing block 3. The other pressure block 9 disposed in the pressure space 2 is connected to the piston rod 10 of the cylinder 8 by a pin 11, and the other pressure block 9 is connected to the one pressure block 3 by expansion and contraction of the cylinder 8. It is configured to be relatively close to and away from. At this time, the cylinder 8 presses the waste plant to the required moisture content by bringing the other pressurizing block 9 closer to the one pressurizing block 3 and completes dehydration (2 in FIGS. 1 and 2). It is preferable to have a stroke that can be extended further than the position indicated by the dotted line.

  Furthermore, an inlet 12 communicating with the pressure space 2 is opened at an upper portion of the apparatus main body 1 at a predetermined distance from the one end side, and a crushed waste plant is placed above the inlet 12. A supply device 14 is provided which is driven into the inlet 12 by a rotary blade or a screw (not shown) by driving the motor 13.

  On the pressing surfaces of the one pressing block 3 and the other pressing block 9 facing each other, a ridge portion 15 and a valley portion 16 are formed so as to mesh with each other. 1 and 2 are ridges having a triangular cross section extending in the width direction of the pressure block 3, and the valleys 16 are grooves having a triangular cross section meshing with the ridges.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the pressurizing blocks 3 and 9 include a plurality of water penetrating through the pressurizing blocks 3 and 9 by opening 17a in the pressurizing surface composed of the peak portions 15 and the valley portions 16. A hole 17 is formed. The drain holes 17 have a diameter of about 1 to 3 millimeters, and the distance H between the drain holes 17 is about 10 millimeters. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the pressure blocks 3 and 9 may be constituted by a block main body 18 and a pressure plate 19 that forms a pressure surface. The operation of forming the punch hole 17 is facilitated. Reference numeral 20 denotes a drain hole for discharging water that has flowed out between the pressure plate 19 and the block body 18.

  Moreover, it is preferable to attach a crushing device which grinds the waste plant supplied to the supply device 14 of FIG. FIG. 7 shows an example of the crushing device 21, which has a crushing space 24 having an inlet 22 and an outlet 23, a surface that has irregularities 25 on its surface and rotates in a state of being close to the inner wall of the crushing space 24. A body 26 is provided, and the waste plant supplied from the inlet 22 is ground between the inner wall of the crushing space 24 and the rotating body 26. In addition, as the crushing device, a device that is crushed using a conventionally known mortar principle may be used.

  Next, the operation of the illustrated example will be described.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, one pressurizing block 3 is fixed to one end of the apparatus main body 1 by a fixture 4, the cylinder 8 is reduced, and the other pressurizing block 9 is shown by a solid line. In a state of being retracted to the other end side of 1, the pulverized waste plant is supplied to the pressurized space 2 through the inlet 12 by the supply device 14. At this time, the waste plant to be supplied to the supply device 14 is preferably supplied by grinding with a crushing device 21 as shown in FIG. The waste plant is supplied so as to fill the pressure space 2 between the pressure blocks 3 and 9.

  Subsequently, by extending the cylinder 8, the other pressurizing block 9 is advanced to approach the one pressurizing block 3 to pressurize the waste plant. When the pressurization is started, the bulky waste plant is compressed and reduced in volume, and then dehydration by pressurization is performed. However, when the volume reduction is completed, the pressurization is performed. Since the communication between the pressure space 2 and the inlet 12 is designed to be blocked by the movement of the other pressure block 9, the pressurized waste plant does not flow backward to the supply device 14 side.

  Ordinary waste vegetables and the like contain only a few solids such as fibers, and almost 100% is moisture, so when pressurization is started, as shown in FIGS. Water is actively discharged from the drain hole 17 formed in the above. At this time, since the crest 15 and the trough 16 are formed so as to mesh with each other on the opposing pressure surfaces of the pressure blocks 3 and 9, the crest 15 enters the waste plant and pressurizes it. In addition, since moisture that exudes by pressurization is easily discharged by the drain hole 17, when pressurization is performed to the dehydration completion position indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIGS. 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. Thus, a dehydrated solidified body 27 having a zigzag shape and dehydrated at a high dehydration rate can be obtained without water remaining inside. At this time, it was found that the waste plant introduced into the pressurized space 2 is ground by the crushing device 21 shown in FIG. 7 so that the water is easily separated, thereby further increasing the dehydration rate.

  The other pressure block 9 is advanced to the position indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIGS. 1 and 2 to complete the dehydration, and then the fixing device 4 that fixes the one pressure block 3 is released and fixed. When the pressure block is removed and then the other pressure block 9 is advanced by extending the cylinder 8 by a predetermined length, the dehydrated solidified body 27 can be easily removed from the pressure space 2 as shown in FIG. Become.

  In the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the present inventors pressurized and dehydrated 800 kg of waste plants with a pressure of 22 ton / 1M using two cylinders 8 operating at a pressure of 14 Mpa to 28 Mpa. As a result, 240 kg of dehydrated solidified body 27 was obtained. Thus, the waste plant before processing is reduced to 30% by weight, and the water content of the dehydrated solidified body 27 at this time is approximately 30%.

  Moreover, when a waste plant of 800 kg was pressurized and dehydrated with a pressure of 40 ton / 1M, 120 kg of dehydrated solidified body 27 was obtained. Thus, the waste plant before processing is reduced to 15% by weight, and the water content of the dehydrated solidified body 27 at this time is approximately 15%.

  When fertilizers such as compost are produced by fermenting waste plants, if the water content is 30% or lower, fermentation can be promoted, so the water content is about 30% to about 30% as described above. The dehydrated solidified body 27 dehydrated to 15% can be effectively used as a raw material for compost or the like.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the dehydrated solidified body 27 dehydrated to a water content of about 30% to about 15% is reduced in volume and light in weight, so that handling such as transportation is easy. In addition, as shown in FIG. 10, there is an advantage that the dehydrated solidified body 27 can be easily stored in a narrow space by being stacked.

  In addition, the dehydration solidification method and apparatus of the waste plant of this invention are not limited only to the said form, Of course, a various change can be added in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention.

It is a cutting | disconnection side view which shows an example of the dehydration solidification apparatus of the waste plant of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cut plan view of FIG. 1. It is a perspective view for showing the shape of a fixture. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the drain hole formed in a pressurization block. FIG. 5 is a cut side view of FIG. 4. It is a side view which shows the other form of a pressurization block. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the crushing apparatus with which this invention is equipped. It is a cutting | disconnection side view which shows the state which takes out a dehydration solidified body from a pressurization space. It is a perspective view of the dehydration solidified body formed by this invention. It is a side view which shows the state which accumulated the dehydration solidified body of FIG. It is a cutaway side view which shows an example of the conventional apparatus made to spin-dry | dehydrate by supplying a waste plant between the fixed side pressure block and the moving side pressure block, and pressurizing. It is the perspective view which cut | disconnected and showed the dehydration solidified body formed with the apparatus of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Pressurization space 3 One pressurization block 8 Cylinder 9 The other pressurization block 12 Input port 13 Motor 15 Mountain part 16 Valley part 17 Drain hole 17a Opening 21 Crushing device 27 Dehydration solidification body

Claims (8)

  A method for dewatering and solidifying a waste plant by dehydrating and solidifying the waste plant, wherein a pressure block that can be moved closer to and away from each other by a cylinder is provided in the pressure space, and the pressure surfaces facing each other are mutually In addition to providing a meshing crest and trough, penetrating through a plurality of drain holes that open to the pressure surface, and supplying the crushed waste plant between the pressure blocks to approach the pressure block A method for dehydrating and solidifying a waste plant, comprising forming a dehydrated solid body by pressurizing while exuding water from the drain hole.   The method for dehydrating and solidifying a waste plant according to claim 1, wherein the waste plant that has been ground by a crushing device in advance and easily separated from water is supplied between the pressure blocks.   The method for dehydrating and solidifying a waste plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the waste plant before treatment is dehydrated to 30 to 15% by weight.   A waste plant dehydrating and solidifying apparatus for dewatering and solidifying a waste plant, comprising a pressure block that is disposed in a pressure space and that is relatively close to and separated from a cylinder, and the pressure surfaces facing the pressure block The waste plant is characterized in that it forms crests and troughs that mesh with each other, and has a plurality of drain holes that penetrate the respective pressure blocks and open to the pressure surface. Solidification equipment.   The dewatering and solidifying apparatus for a waste plant according to claim 4, wherein the crests formed on the pressure surface of the pressure block are ridges having a triangular cross section, and the valleys are grooves having a triangular cross section meshing with the ridges.   The apparatus for dewatering and solidifying waste plants according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the diameter of the drain hole is 1 to 3 mm.   One pressure block is a detachable fixed side, and the other block is a movable side that can be moved by a cylinder. With the pressure block on the fixed side removed, the pressure block on the moving side is a cylinder. The dehydration solidification apparatus for waste plants according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the dehydration solidified body is pushed out of the pressurized space by pressing.   The dewatering and solidifying apparatus for waste plants according to any one of claims 4 to 7, further comprising a crushing device that grinds waste plants in advance and supplies them to the pressurized space.

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