JP2008280536A - Composition comprising at least one friction improving compound, and use of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition comprising at least one friction improving compound, and use of the same. <P>SOLUTION: The lubricating oil composition comprises at least one anionic compound and at least one cationic compound, wherein at least one of the anionic compound and the cationic compound is a friction improver; and the composition exhibits (i) a difference of about 27°F or higher in temperature at rollover and (ii) a score of passing in a high temperature L-37 test. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an anionic compound and a cationic compound, wherein at least one of the anionic compound and the cationic compound is a friction modifier. Also disclosed herein are methods for using the disclosed compositions.

  A great number of gear oils with various properties are produced, but improved anti-wear properties, improved thermal stability, improved oxidation stability, improved fuel efficiency, temperature roll over effect There is a need for an additive or combination of additives that provides at least one of improved performance, reduced noise, reduced wear, and reduced pitting. In particular, there is a need for an additive having the ability to provide at least one of such properties to a machine, such as a gear (when the gear has not been acclimated for a period of time or over a distance). To do. There is also a need for an additive that has the ability to impart at least one of the above characteristics to a gear prior to being towed.

  Finally, there is a need for an additive that has the ability to satisfy at least one of the properties described above and that also passes industrial standards such as ASTM D-6121's high temperature variation ("High Temperature L-37 Test"). There is also sex.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE In accordance with the present disclosure, at least one anionic compound and at least one cationic compound are included, and at least one of the anionic compound and the cationic compound is a friction modifier. A lubricating oil composition is provided, the composition having (i) a temperature rollover difference greater than or equal to about 27 ° F. and (ii) an acceptable high temperature L-37 score.

  In one aspect, there is also provided a method of producing a composition that exhibits (i) a temperature rollover difference of greater than or equal to about 27 ° F. and (ii) an acceptable high temperature L-37 score, the method comprising: an anionic compound; Providing at least one anionic compound and at least one cationic compound, wherein at least one of the cationic compounds is a friction modifying compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms.

  Additional objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in part in the following description and / or may be learned by practice of the disclosure. The objects and advantages of the disclosure will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

  It should be understood that the general description provided above and the detailed description given below are merely exemplary and explanatory and are not intended to limit the disclosure as claimed.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS When used herein, the terms “hydrocarbyl,” “hydrocarbyl substituent” or “hydrocarbyl group” are used in the ordinary sense well known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group that has a carbon atom directly attached to the rest of the molecule and has predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include the following:
(1) Hydrocarbon substituents, ie fat (eg alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (eg cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents and aromatic-, aliphatic- and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents as well as rings A cyclic substituent completed through another part of (eg, two substituents taken together to form an alicyclic group);
(2) Substituted hydrocarbon substituents, ie groups that do not change mainly the hydrocarbon substituents in connection with the present invention (other than hydrocarbon groups) [eg halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto , Alkyl mercapto, nitro, nitroso and sulfoxy]
(3) Hetero substituents, i.e., substituents having mainly hydrocarbon characteristics but containing atoms other than carbon in the ring or chain in connection with the present invention (other heteroatoms). Includes sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen) [including substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl].

  The number of non-hydrocarbon substituents present in the hydrocarbyl group is generally 2 or less, for example 1 or less per 10 carbon atoms, and typically no non-hydrocarbon substituents are present in the hydrocarbyl group. .

  As used herein, the term “weight percent”, unless stated otherwise, means the percent that the indicated ingredients make up the total weight of the composition.

The compositions disclosed herein may exhibit both a temperature rollover effect and an acceptable high temperature L-37 score. When “temperature rollover effect” is used herein, this means that the difference (T _{roll over} ) between the high fluid temperature (T _MAX ) and the end-of-test temperature (T _EOT ) that the fluid exhibits in the wind tunnel procedure is about 27 Refers to the effect when the temperature is higher than ° F. As used herein, “Accepted High Temperature L-37 Score” refers to the result achieved by the test machine under the test conditions in the High Temperature L-37 test. The results of this test were measured on a scale of 0 to 10, with a low number indicating that the wear and fatigue in the gearing was severe or severe, and a high number indicating little wear or fatigue. Means nothing at all.

  The composition may be a lubricating oil composition suitable for use in machinery such as light duty axles and fixed transmissions. It is believed that the disclosed composition can provide at least one of the properties described above when the machine is exposed to low and high temperature and / or variable load conditions. In one aspect, the disclosed compositions may be applicable, for example, to axles that have not been acclimated for a period or distance before being towed. In another aspect, the lightweight axle is a hypoid gear axle. In yet another aspect, the disclosed composition exhibits a limited slip mechanism in the differential experience with ordinary passenger cars, trucks and discriminatory experience, at least for the purpose of improving the degree of protection of gears from wear. Or applicable to sports multipurpose vehicles not shown. The lubricating oil composition can be suitably used with any wear material such as paper, steel or carbon fiber. In yet another aspect, the composition can be a top treat concentrate, which is mixed / blended / combined with a base oil to formulate a lubricating oil composition suitable for use in machinery.

  The disclosed composition may comprise an anionic compound and a cationic compound, and at least one of the anionic compound and the cationic compound is a friction modifier. Friction modifiers are understood to mean compounds having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms. In one aspect, the composition may contain an anionic compound and a cationic compound for friction improvement. In another aspect, the composition may contain an anionic compound and a friction improving cationic compound. In a further aspect, the composition may contain a friction improving anionic compound and a friction improving cationic compound.

  Suitable anionic compounds for use in the disclosed compositions may be at least one of the conjugate bases of organic carboxylic acids, organic phosphoric acids, organic sulfonic acids, inorganic phosphoric acids and mixtures thereof. As used herein, “conjugated base” is understood to mean a negatively charged ion that occurs when Bronsted-lauric acid loses a proton. The organic carboxylic acid in one aspect may be a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated acid, having from about 5 to about 40 carbon atoms, such as from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, Also good. Such organic carboxylic acids may be fatty acids. Non-limiting examples of organic carboxylic acids include octenoic acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, and mixtures thereof.

  An anionic compound in one aspect can be a conjugate base such as an organic phosphoric acid, for example, a dialkyl phosphoric acid, a monoalkyl phosphoric acid, a dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid, a monoalkyl dithiophosphoric acid, a dialkylthiophosphoric acid, a monoalkylthiophosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof. Other non-limiting examples of such organophosphoric acids include amyl acid phosphate, diamyl acid phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, di-2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, dialkyldithiophosphoric acid and mixtures thereof.

  Non-limiting examples of the dialkylthiophosphoric acid include at least one of the compounds represented by formulas (II) and (IV) shown below:

Where n is an integer from about 1 to about 5 and R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are independently hydrogen, cyano and carbon It can be selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl groups having from about 1 to about 30 atoms, such as from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, by way of example, from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.

  In one embodiment, the anionic compound is included in the lubricating composition from about 0.05% to about 1.0%, such as from about 0.2% to about 0.00%, based on the total weight of the composition. It may be present in an amount in the range of 6% by weight. In another embodiment, the anionic compound may be present in the top treat composition in an amount sufficient to provide a finished formulation that matches the concentration described above. Typically, the concentration of additives included in the top treat is much higher than that of the finished formulation.

  The cationic compound suitable for use in the disclosed composition may be any cationic compound that is soluble in a lubricating composition comprising a base oil. Non-limiting examples of such cationic compounds include amides, amines and basic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds such as conjugate acids such as pyridine. As used herein, “conjugated acid” is understood to mean a positively charged ion that occurs when the Bronsted-Lauri base acquires a proton. The cationic compound in one aspect is a conjugate acid of an amine, which may be primary, secondary or tertiary.

Such amines may be of the general formula R′NH ₂ , wherein R ′ may be a hydrocarbyl group having up to about 15 carbon atoms, which is a fatty hydrocarbyl group having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms. It may be expressed as follows.

  The cationic compounds in one aspect may be long chain primary, secondary and tertiary alkylamine conjugate acids containing about 12 to 30 carbon atoms, including their hydroxy Alkyl and aminoalkyl derivatives are included. The long chain alkyl group may optionally contain one or more ether groups. Non-limiting examples of suitable cationic compounds include oleylamine, N-oleyltrimethylenediamine, N-tallow diethanolamine, N, N-dimethyloleylamine and myristyloxapropylamine conjugate acids.

  The amine in one aspect can be a primary hydrocarbyl amine having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group, such as from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group. The hydrocarbyl group may be saturated or unsaturated. A typical example of a primary saturated amine is an amine known as an aliphatic primary fatty amine. Typical fatty amines include alkylamines such as n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-pentadecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n -Octadecylamine (stearylamine) and the like are included. Such primary amines are available in both distilled and industrial products. When a distilled product is used, a reaction product having a high purity can be produced. On the other hand, when an industrial amine is used, amides and imides may be produced during the reaction. Mixed fatty amines are also suitable.

  The cationic compound in one aspect can be a tertiary fatty primary amine conjugate acid having at least about 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Often they can be derived from alkylamines having a total number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group of less than about 35.

  Tertiary fatty primary amines generally have the formula

[Wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ may be the same or different and may be hydrocarbyl groups having from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms]
It is the monoamine represented by these. Examples of such amines are tertiary butylamine, tertiary hexyl primary amine, 1-methyl-1-amino-cyclohexane, tertiary octyl primary amine, tertiary decyl primary amine, tertiary dodecyl primary. Primary amine, tertiary tetradecyl primary amine,
Tertiary hexadecyl primary amine, tertiary octadecyl primary amine, tertiary tetracosanyl primary amine, tertiary octacosanyl primary amine.

Also useful for purposes of this disclosure are conjugate acids of amine mixtures. Non-limiting examples of such types of amine mixtures can be mixtures of C ₈ -C ₁₄ tertiary alkyl primary amines and similar mixtures of C ₁₆ -C ₂₄ tertiary alkyl primary amines. Tertiary alkyl primary amines and their methods of preparation are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and therefore no further discussion will be necessary.

  Also useful are primary amine conjugate acids whose hydrocarbon chains contain olefinic unsaturation. Thus, the R group may contain at least one olefinic unsaturation depending on the chain length, but the number of double bonds is generally 1 or less per 10 carbon atoms. Representative compounds useful for the purposes of this disclosure include dodecenylamine, myristolamine, palmitoleylamine, oleylamine and linoleylamine conjugate acids.

  Secondary amine conjugate acids may also be useful. Examples of secondary amines include dialkylamines having two alkyl groups as indicated above, including fatty secondary amines and also mixed dialkylamines, where R ′ is a fatty amine. And R ″ may be a lower alkyl group (1-9 carbon atoms), such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl, or R ″ may be Or an alkyl group having a non-reactive or polar substituent (CN, alkyl, carbalkoxy, amide, ether, thioether, halo, sulfoxide, sulfone). Such fatty polyamine diamines may include mono- or dialkyl, symmetric or asymmetric ethylene diamine, propane diamine (1, 2, or 1, 3) and the polyamine analogs described above. Suitable fatty polyamines include N-coco-1,3-diaminopropane, N-soy alkyltrimethylenediamine, N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane and N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane. .

  In one embodiment, the cationic compound is included in the lubricating composition from about 0.05% to about 1.0%, such as from about 0.2% to about 0.00%, based on the total weight of the composition. It may be present in an amount in the range of 6% by weight. In another embodiment, the cationic compound may be present in the top treat composition in an amount sufficient to provide a finished formulation consistent with the concentrations described above.

  The anionic compound and the cationic compound may be reacted, mixed, blended and / or combined to form a salt. Such a salt can be prepared by reacting, mixing or combining the anionic compound and the cationic compound at a temperature of room temperature (23 ° C.) or more for a period of about 1 hour. The amount of the cationic compound that is reacted with the anionic compound for the purpose of forming a salt of the present disclosure is an amount of at least about 1 equivalent of the cationic compound per equivalent of anionic compound.

  In one embodiment, the salt may be present in the lubricating composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the salt may be present in the top treat composition in an amount sufficient to provide a finished formulation consistent with the concentrations described above.

  The salt in one aspect may include at least one of an amine salt of phosphoric acid, an amine salt of thiophosphoric acid, and an amine salt of dithiophosphoric acid. For example, by reacting, mixing, blending and / or combining thiophosphoric acid with at least one cationic compound, salts such as formulas (III) and (VI):

[Where:
n is an integer from 1 to 5 and R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are independently hydrogen Can be selected from the group consisting of cyano and hydrocarbyl groups having from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, such as from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, by way of further example, from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms]
Can generate at least one of the compounds represented by: In one aspect, R ¹ and R ^{2 in} formula (VI) may be methyl, R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ may be hydrogen, ⁹ may be a tertiary C _12-14 alkyl group, and R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ may be an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. In one aspect, R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ in formula (III) may be hydrogen, R ¹ and R ² may be methyl, and R ⁹ may be a tertiary C _12-14 alkyl group.

  Methods for producing such salts are well known and reported in the literature. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,063,629; 2,224,695; 2,447,288; 2,616,905; 3,984,448; 4,431,552; 5,354,484; Pesin et al., Zhurnal. See Obshchei Kimii, 31 (8): 2508-2515 (1961); and PCT International Application Publication No. WO 87/07638, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

  This disclosed method can include the use of solvents. Such a solvent may be either an inert flowable material in which at least one reactant dissolves or the product dissolves. Non-limiting examples include benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, naphtha, diethyl ether carbitol, dibutyl ether dioxane, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, base oils such as gas-to-liquid. liquid) and polyalphaolefins, and processing oils.

Base oils suitable for use in formulating the compositions according to the invention can be selected from either synthetic or mineral oils or mixtures thereof. Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils (eg, castor oil, lard oil) as well as mineral oils for lubrication, such as paraffinic, naphthenic or paraffinic-naphthenic mixed oils that have been treated with liquid petroleum and solvents or acids. Contains mineral oil for lubrication. Oils derived from coal or shale are also suitable. Furthermore, oils obtained by gas-to-liquid processes are also suitable.

  Such a base oil may be present in a major amount, where the major amount is equal to or greater than 50% by weight of the lubricating composition, for example from about 80 to about 98% by weight. to understand.

  The viscosity of such base oils at 100 ° C. is typically, for example, from about 2 to about 15 cSt, as a further example, from about 2 to about 10 cSt. Thus, the viscosity of the base oil can generally range from about SAE50 to about SAE250, more typically from about SAE70W to about SAE140. Suitable automotive oils also include cross-grades such as 75W-140, 80W-90, 85W-140, 85W-90 and the like.

  Non-limiting examples of synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin polymers and copolymers (such as polybutylene, polypropylene, propylene and isobutylene copolymers); polyalphaolefins such as poly (1-hexene), Poly- (1-octene), poly (1-decene), and the like and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes [eg, dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, di-nonylbenzene, di- (2-ethylhexyl) benzene, etc.]; polyphenyl (eg, Biphenyl, terphenyl, alkyl-substituted polyphenyl, etc.); alkyl-substituted diphenyl ethers and alkyl-substituted diphenyl sulfides, and derivatives, analogs and homologues thereof.

They constitute another class of known synthetic oils in which alkylene oxide polymers and copolymers and derivatives whose terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. can be used. Examples of such oils include oils made by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, alkyl and aryl ethers of such polyoxyalkylene polymers (eg, methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, Diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000-1500, etc.) or their mono- and polycarboxylic acid esters, for example acetate of tetraethylene glycol, mixed C _3-8 A fatty acid ester or a C ₁₃ oxo acid diester.

  Other types of synthetic oils that can be used include dicarboxylic acids (eg phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid. Esters of dimers, malonic acid, alkylmalonic acid, alkenylmalonic acid, etc.) and various alcohols (eg butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.) included. Specific examples of such esters include dibutyl adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate And dieicosyl sebacate, 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, complex ester formed by reacting 1 mol of sebacic acid, 2 mol of tetraethylene glycol and 2 mol of octylic acid, and the like.

Also useful esters for use as synthetic oils were made from C _5-12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc. Esters are also included.

Accordingly, the base oils that can be used in making the compositions as described herein are selected from any of the base oils that fall within Group IV as specified by the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. Is possible. Such base oil groups are as follows:
Group I has a saturate content of less than 90% and / or a sulfur content greater than 0.03% and a viscosity index equal to or greater than 80 and less than 120, Group II has a saturate content The amount is equal to or greater than 90% and the sulfur content is equal to or less than 0.03% and the viscosity index is equal to or greater than 80 and less than 120; III has a saturate content equal to or greater than 90% and a sulfur content equal to or less than 0.03% and a viscosity index equal to or greater than 120 Group IV is a polyalphaolefin (PAO), and all other base stocks that do not enter Group V, Group I, II, III, or IV Part is included.

  The test method used in the group limitation is one of ASTM D2007 for saturates, ASTM D2270 for viscosity index, and ASTM D2622, 4294, 4927 and 3120 for sulfur.

  Group IV base stocks, or polyalphaolefins (PAOs), include hydrogenated oligomers of alpha-olefins, the most important methods of oligomerization being free radical methods, Ziegler catalysis, and cationic, free It is a Del Crafts catalytic reaction.

  The viscosity of such polyalphaolefins at 100 ° C. is typically 2 to 100 cSt, for example 4 to 8 cSt at 100 ° C. They may be, for example, branched or linear alpha-olefin oligomers having from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, including, but not limited to, polypropene, polyisobutene, poly-1-butene, poly-1- Hexene, poly-1-octene and poly-1-decene are included. Homopolymers, copolymers and mixtures are included.

  With respect to the balance of base stocks shown above, “Group I base stock” also includes Group I base stocks that may be mixed with one or more base stocks of one or more other groups. Are included, provided that the resulting mixture has characteristics within the specified characteristics for the Group I basestock.

  Typical base stocks include Group I base stocks and mixtures of Group II bases and Group I bright stocks.

  Base stocks suitable for use herein can be produced using a wide variety of methods including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent purification, hydroprocessing, oligomerization, Esterification and repurification are included.

Such base oils may be oils derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthetic hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons can be produced from synthesis gas containing H ₂ and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to make it useful as a base oil. For example,
Such hydrocarbons may be hydroisomerized using the methods disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575, or US Pat. , 943,672 or 6,096,940 may be subjected to hydrocracking and hydroisomerization using the methods disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,882,505. May be dewaxed using a conventional method, or hydrogen using a method disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 6,013,171, 6,080,301 or 6,165,949. It may be subjected to hydroisomerization and dewaxing.

  Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils of the type of natural or synthetic oil disclosed above (as well as mixtures of any two or more thereof) can be used as the base oil. Unrefined oils are oils obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources without further purification. For example, shale oil obtained directly from retort harvesting operations, petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation, or ester oil obtained directly from the esterification process (used without further treatment) would be unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils except that they have undergone further processing in one or more purification stages to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques are known to those skilled in the art, such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, and the like. The re-refined oil is an oil obtained by applying a treatment similar to the treatment used for obtaining a refined oil to a refined oil that has already been used in practice. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and often they undergo additional processing using techniques aimed at removing spent additives, contaminants and oil breakdown products. ing.

  Other components may optionally be present in the lubricating oil composition or additive composition. Non-limiting examples of other ingredients include anti-wear agents, extreme pressure agents, diluents, antifoaming agents, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, rust inhibitors, friction modifiers, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, Pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, rust inhibitors, dyes and solvents are included. Such ingredients may be present in various amounts depending on the needs of the final product.

  In the present specification, there is also a method for applying lubricating oil to a machine such as an automobile gear, a fixed transmission (including industrial gears) and / or an axle using the disclosed lubricating composition as a lubricating oil. Disclose. Also disclosed is a method of producing a composition that (i) exhibits a temperature rollover difference of about 27 ° F. or greater in a wind tunnel procedure and (ii) exhibits an acceptable high temperature L-37 score, the method comprising: an anionic compound; Providing at least one anionic compound and at least one cationic compound, wherein at least one of the cationic compounds is a friction modifying compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms.

  Several test fluids were prepared (as shown in Table 1) and subjected to wind tunnel procedures. This wind tunnel procedure measures the ability of a fluid to function at a lower operating temperature in a new drive shaft under tow load conditions compared to a reference fluid.

  In this wind tunnel procedure, a new production hypoid axle with lubricated oil was equipped with a thermocouple and a test rig attached to it. The power source for this test rig was composed of a gasoline powered V-8 engine capable of maintaining the test conditions. The two axle dynamometers showed sufficient torque absorption capacity to maintain axle torque and speed conditions. The dynamometer and the axle were connected by a shaft. The engine was connected to a test device with a clutch and a manual transmission. The manual transmission and the axle were connected by a shaft provided with a universal joint. An air flow source was provided for the test rig.

The axle was filled with test fluid according to axle specifications and application. The test was conducted for 90 minutes using an air flow of 1500 ft / min, a pinion speed of 2835 rpm and a pinion torque of 204 lb-ft. Pinion speed, pinion torque, fluid temperature, air temperature and air flow were monitored throughout the test period. Not only was T _MAX exhibited by the test fluid over the entire test period, but also the _TEOT exhibited by the test fluid was recorded. Next, T _{roll over} was calculated as the difference between T _MAX and T _EOT as shown in FIG. If T _{roll over} is less than about 15 ° C., such fluid is considered not to exhibit a temperature rollover effect.

  Test fluids were also used in gear devices and evaluated under high temperature L-37 test conditions. The high temperature L-37 test is a modified low speed / high torque axle test under ASTM D 3121. Standard ASTM D 3121 is performed under the following conditions: 80 rpm car speed and 1742 ft. Pound car torque, 275 ° F. for 24 hours. A high temperature L-37 test variant is carried out under the following conditions: 80 rpm car speed and 1742 ft lbs car torque, 325 ° F. for 16 hours.

  This high temperature L-37 test not only measures the wear in the axle device, but also measures the degree of surface fatigue in the axle device after operation [examples are rigging and pitting]. Is interpreted as a rigorous test that evaluates the ability of the test fluid to inhibit gear wear and fatigue. The results of this test are measured on a scale of 0 to 10, with smaller numbers indicating more severe or severe wear and fatigue in the gearing, and higher numbers indicating little wear and fatigue or Indicates nothing at all.

The wind tunnel procedure and high temperature L-37 test results summarized in Table 1 above demonstrate that the present invention has desirable characteristics. For example, Examples A and B prepared using an oleylamine cation and an acid phosphate anion are considered to exhibit a temperature rollover effect. The T _{roll over} shown by Example A is 106 ° F. and that shown by Example B is 37 ° F., both of which are well above 27 ° F. Examples A and B also showed an acceptable high temperature L-37 score.

However, each of Example C (oleylamine cation / dithiophosphate anion) and Example D (oleylamine cation / oleate anion) showed a T _{roll over} of 27 ° F or higher (eg, 60 ° F and 29 ° F, respectively). Nevertheless, both Examples C and D failed to achieve a passing high temperature L-37 score. Similarly, the reference fluid achieved an acceptable high temperature L-37 score but did not show a temperature rollover effect. Thus, the only test fluid that exhibited both a temperature rollover effect and an acceptable high temperature L-37 score was the fluid prepared according to the present disclosure.

  For purposes of this specification and the appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, numerical values representing amounts, percentages or ratios and other numerical values used in the specification and claims are subject to the term “about” modification in all cases. Should be understood. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in this specification and the appended claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained with this disclosure. At a minimum, each numerical parameter is interpreted by applying the usual rounding technique in the light of the number of significant figures reported, rather than as an attempt to limit the application of the equivalent principle applied to the scope of the claims. It should be.

  It should be noted that the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” as used herein and in the appended claims encompass a plurality of indicating objects unless clearly and clearly limited to one indicating object. Thus, for example, reference to “an antioxidant” includes two or more different antioxidants. The term “inclusion” as used herein and grammatical variations thereof are not intended to be limiting, and enumerating items in a list may be used in place of or in addition to the listed items. It does not exclude other similar items that can be.

  Although individual embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements and substantial equivalents presently unexpected or not anticipated by the present applicant or other engineers in the field will be considered. There is a possibility of floating. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements and substantial equivalents in the appended claims as filed and amended.

The features and aspects of the present invention are as follows.
1. At least one anionic compound; and at least one cationic compound;
And a lubricating oil composition in which at least one of the anionic compound and the cationic compound is a friction modifier, (i) a temperature rollover difference of about 27 ° F. or higher, and ( ii) A composition having an acceptable high temperature L-37 score.
2. The composition of claim 1 comprising at least one friction modifying anionic compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one cationic compound.
3. The composition of claim 1 comprising at least one anionic compound and at least one friction modifying cationic compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms.
4). The first claim comprising at least one friction modifying anionic compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one friction modifying cationic compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms. Composition.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the anionic compound is present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
6). The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic compound is present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
7). 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anionic compound is selected from the group consisting of organic carboxylic acids, organic phosphoric acids, organic sulfonic acids, inorganic phosphoric acids, and conjugate bases of mixtures thereof.
8). 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the organic carboxylic acid is a straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated acid having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms.
9. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the organic carboxylic acid is a fatty acid.
10. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the organic phosphoric acid is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl phosphoric acid, monoalkyl phosphoric acid, dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid, dialkylthiophosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof.
11. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the organophosphoric acid is selected from the group consisting of amyl acid phosphate, diamyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, di-2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, dialkyldithiophosphoric acid and mixtures thereof.
12 The composition of claim 1, wherein the anionic compound is selected from the group consisting of octenoic acid, oleic acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, and mixtures thereof.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic compound is selected from the group consisting of conjugate acids of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
14 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the amine is a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated amine having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms.
15. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the amine is a tertiary alkyl primary amine having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
16. 14. A composition according to claim 13, wherein the amine is a primary amine containing olefinic unsaturation.
17. The composition of claim 1 which is a top treat.
18. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising a base oil.
19. 19. A composition according to item 18, which is a lubricating oil composition.
20. 19. A composition according to claim 18, wherein the base oil is mineral oil, synthetic oil and mixtures thereof.
21. The composition of claim 18 wherein the base oil is a polyalphaolefin.
22. 19. A composition according to claim 18, wherein the base oil is a partial mineral oil.
23. 19. A composition according to claim 18, wherein the base oil is a gas-to-liquid oil.
24. Lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the anionic compound and the cationic compound form a salt. 20. A composition according to item 19 present in a product.
25. (I) a method for producing a composition exhibiting a temperature rollover difference of about 27 ° F. or higher and (ii) an acceptable high temperature L-37 score, wherein at least one of the anionic compound and the cationic compound is a carbon atom Providing at least one anionic compound and at least one cationic compound, the number being from about 10 to about 30 friction modifying compounds.
26. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the cationic compound is present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
27. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the anionic compound is present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
28. A conveying means in which the composition of claim 1 is used as a lubricating oil, the conveying means exhibiting a final gear drive ratio in the range of about 2.5: 1 to about 6: 1.
29. 29. The transport means according to claim 28, which is one of an ordinary passenger car, a truck, a sports multipurpose vehicle that exhibits a limited sliding mechanism in a discriminating experience, and a sports multipurpose vehicle that does not exhibit a limited sliding mechanism in a discriminating experience.
30. A machine in which the composition according to claim 1 is used as a lubricating oil.
31. The machine according to claim 30, which is a gear for an automobile.
32. Item 32. The machine according to Item 31, which is a hypoid gear.
33. 32. The machine according to item 31, which is a bevel gear.
34. A transportation means comprising a lightweight axle in which the composition according to claim 1 is used as a lubricating oil.

Various aspects of the present teachings are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is not intended that the present teachings be limited to the embodiments shown, but which includes the equivalent structures and methods shown in the description above and known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the high fluid temperature (T _MAX ) and the temperature at the end of the test (T _EOT ) and the difference between the high temperature and the temperature at the end of the test (T _{roll over} ).

Claims (10)

At least one anionic compound; and at least one cationic compound;
And a lubricating oil composition in which at least one of the anionic compound and the cationic compound is a friction modifier, (i) a temperature rollover difference of about 27 ° F. or higher, and ( ii) A composition having an acceptable high temperature L-37 score.   The composition of claim 1 comprising at least one friction modifying anionic compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one cationic compound.   The at least one friction modifying anionic compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one friction modifying cationic compound having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms. Composition.   The composition of claim 1, wherein the anionic compound is selected from the group consisting of organic carboxylic acids, organic phosphoric acids, organic sulfonic acids, inorganic phosphoric acids, and conjugate bases of mixtures thereof.   The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic compound is selected from the group consisting of conjugate acids of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.   The composition of claim 5 wherein the amine is a tertiary alkyl primary amine having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.   The composition of claim 1 further comprising a base oil.   (I) a method for producing a composition exhibiting a temperature rollover difference of about 27 ° F. or higher and (ii) an acceptable high temperature L-37 score, wherein at least one of the anionic compound and the cationic compound is a carbon atom Providing at least one anionic compound and at least one cationic compound, the number being from about 10 to about 30 friction modifying compounds.   The method of claim 8, wherein the cationic compound is present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.   The method of claim 8, wherein the anionic compound is present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

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