JP2007526337A - Alk7およびミオスタチン阻害剤ならびにその使用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
ミオスタチン、または成長/分化因子8 (GDF-8)は、形質転換成長因子-β (TGF-β)スーパーファミリーに属する(McPherron et al., Nature 387: 83-90 (1997)(非特許文献1))。ヒトミオスタチン遺伝子がクローニングされており(Nestor et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:14938-43 (1998)(非特許文献2))、ミオスタチン免疫反応性が1型と2型繊維の両方のヒト骨格筋で検出可能であることが報告されている。機能に関して、ミオスタチンは骨格筋の成長と発達を負に調節するのに関与している可能性がある(Nestor et al., 前記)。
本発明の1つの局面は、筋肉量をインビボで増加させる薬学的調製物を提供する。本発明の典型的な調製物には、ALK7のリガンド結合ドメインを含んだポリペプチドが含まれる。これらのいわゆる「ALK7デコイ」を利用して、被験体の筋肉または脂肪組織の異常な量、発達または代謝活性により、少なくとも一部は、特徴付けられる、病態の重症度を軽減させることができる。例えば、本発明の薬学的調製物を悪液質、食欲不振、DMD症候群、BMD症候群、AIDS消耗性症候群、筋ジストロフィー、神経筋疾患、運動ニューロン疾患、神経筋接合部疾患および炎症性筋疾患などの、消耗疾患の重症度を抑制する、改善するまたは軽減するのに有効な量で投与することができる。薬学的調製物は、ミオスタチンを介したシグナル伝達を阻害することにより、ALK7を介したシグナル伝達を阻害することにより、またはもっと複雑な機構により作用することができる。
(SEQ ID No.2の残基26〜100)などの、SEQ ID No.2に示されるような、ヒトALK7タンパク質から得ることができる。ある種の態様では、阻害剤はALK7由来の切断型細胞外ドメインを含む。他の態様では、阻害剤はsALK7a (SEQ ID No.4)またはsALK7b (SEQ ID No.6)などの、可溶性のALK7スプライス変異体とすることができる。
I. 概説
本開示は一部は、ミオスタチン(GDF-8)がALK7受容体に結合するという発見に関する。本開示はさらに、可溶性の、AKL7受容体のリガンド結合部分を哺乳動物に投与することで筋肉量の増加が起こるという発見に関する。ヒトを含むさまざまな哺乳動物において、ミオスタチンの機能喪失変異が筋肉量の増加をもたらすことは周知である。Schuelke M et al. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 24;350(26):2682-8. McPherron AC, Lee SJ, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 11;94(23):12457-61. Grobet L, et al. Nat Genet. 1997 Sep;17(1):71-4.したがって、可溶性ALK7はミオスタチンに結合し、ミオスタチンを介したシグナル伝達を阻害することにより、筋肉量を増加させる可能性がある。しかしながら、正確な作用機序は実質的には、もっと複雑である可能性がある。ALK7はNodal、アクチビンAB、アクチビンBおよび、本明細書に示される結果に基づいて、GDF11、つまりGDF8の密接な相同体に結合することが知られている。Tsuchida K, et al., Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004 May 31;220(1-2):59-65. Reissmann E, et al., Genes Dev. 2001 Aug 1;15(15):2010-22. 今後の研究によって、ALK7がTGF-βファミリーのさらなるメンバーに結合することが明らかにされる可能性が高い。故に、可溶性ALK7はインビボで複数のシグナル伝達分子に結合し、それらの分子の機能を阻害することにより、筋肉量に影響を与える可能性がある。それでもなお、ALK7がミオスタチンに結合するという発見は、例えば、ミオスタチンとALK7との相互作用をインビボで選択的に妨害することによって、ミオスタチン活性を調節するのに使用できる多数の薬剤をもたらすものである。
本明細書で用いられる用語は一般的に、当技術分野において、本発明の文脈の中でおよび各用語が用いられる特定の文脈においてその通常の意味を有する。本発明の組成物および方法ならびにそれらの製法および使用法を記述するうえで実践者にさらなる指示を与えるため、ある種の用語が以下にまたは本明細書中の他の箇所に論じられる。用語のいかなる使用の範囲および意味も、用語が用いられる特定の文脈から明らかであると考えられる。
A. ALK7デコイ
ある種の態様では、本開示はnodal結合ドメイン、アクチビンABもしくはB結合ドメイン、GDF11結合ドメインまたは、好ましくは、ミオスタチン結合ドメインなどのALK7受容体のリガンド結合ドメインを含んだポリペプチドであるTGF-βを介した事象の阻害剤を提供する。ミオスタチン結合活性はインビボにおいて、とりわけ筋肉量を増加させるうえで望ましい効果を有する可能性が高いALK7の部分および変種を同定する際の特に有用なガイドになるものと予想されるが、その他のALK7リガンドに対する結合活性も望ましいALK7の部分および変種を同定する際に有用とできることも予想される。完全長のヒトALK7タンパク質SEQ ID No.2は、493アミノ酸を有し、アクチビン受容体結合ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、GSドメインおよびセリン/スレオニンキナーゼドメインを含め、TGFβ I型受容体の特徴の全てを示す。ヒトALK7タンパク質の好ましい断片は、例えば、SEQ ID No.2のMet-1からLeu-114の細胞外ドメインおよびミオスタチンに結合しそれを中和する能力を保持するその断片などの、膜貫通ドメインを欠いたものである。例えば、ミオスタチン結合ドメインは、アミノ酸残基
(SEQ ID No.2の残基26〜100)などの、ヒトALK7タンパク質の活性な受容体結合ドメインから得ることができる。他の態様では、阻害剤はsALK7a (SEQ ID No.4)またはsALK7b (SEQ ID No.6)などの、可溶性のALK7スプライス変異体とすることができる。sALK7アイソフォームをコードする転写産物は、sALK7aおよびsALK7bにおいてそれぞれ、第IIIエキソンまたは第IIIと第IVの両エキソンを欠くことで完全長の転写産物とは異なっている。
各種のALK7受容体がクローニングされており、その配列が公共データベースに寄託されている。下記表は、NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)のnrデータベースのBLAST検索においてヒトALK7配列を問い合わせ配列として用い、公共データベースで見つけられたALK7配列を列挙している。
*ヒトクエリー配列に対する同一性が90%未満の相同体は列挙されていない。
本ミオスタチン阻害剤は、抗体の結合がALK7タンパク質の結合と競合的(半競合的を含め)でありうるような、ALK7の結合部位と重複するエピトープ(例えば、「ALK7エピトープ」)と免疫反応性である抗体の形で作出されてもよい。
他の態様では、ミオスタチン阻害剤は、ミオスタチンに選択的に結合しALK7受容体の結合と競合する小有機分子である。
本ALK7可溶性受容体および各種のミオスタチン阻害剤をいくつかの治療設定で利用して、ミオスタチンの存在から生じるまたはその存在によって悪化するいくつかの疾患を治療することができる。
本組成物は単独で、またはその他の化合物/薬学的組成物との同時併用療法の一部として使われてもよい。
実施例1: ALK7のGDF8への結合
一連の実験を行って、GDF8がALK7に結合する可能性を詳しく調べた。ALK7-Fcキメラ(5 μg/ml)を4℃で一晩プレート上にコーティングした。これを室温で2時間〜3時間BSAを用いてブロッキングした。0.05% Tween20を加えたPBSを用いてプレートを洗浄した。その後、リガンド(GDF8またはBMP3)を各ウェルに加えた。プレートを室温で2時間インキュベートした。プレートを洗浄し、ストレプトアビジン・アルカリホスファターゼと複合体形成されたビオチン化二次抗体を用いて結合を検出した。代表的な実験からの試料データを図1に示す。データからALK7がGDF8に結合すること、しかしBMP3には有意に結合しないことが示される。
雄性CB-17 SCID系マウス(6週齢; 体重20 kg〜25 kg)に腹腔内(IP)注射によりALK7-Fc (表1中の用量)またはリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)対照のいずれかを投与した。各動物に計5回の注射を施し、全てのマウスに対し試験第0、4、8、15および22日目に行った。個々の動物の体重を1週間に1度とった。中毒および病的状態の徴候がないかマウスを毎日モニターした。マウスは全て試験または対照物品投与の開始から28日後に安楽死させた。マウスを二酸化炭素吸入により安楽死させて、腓腹筋、大腿直筋(大腿四頭筋)および横隔膜筋を解剖し秤量した。Excelを用いてデータを解析した。
当業者であれば日常程度の実験により、本明細書に記述される本発明の特定の態様に対する多くの等価物を認識すると考えられ、または確認することができると考えられる。そのような等価物は以下の特許請求の範囲により包含されるよう意図される。
Claims (53)
- ミオスタチンへのALK7受容体の結合を阻害する形でミオスタチンに結合するミオスタチン阻害剤を含む、ミオスタチンを阻害するための薬学的調製物であって、哺乳動物への投与に適するよう発熱物質を実質的に含まない調製物。
- ALK7受容体のリガンド結合ドメインを含むポリペプチドを含む、哺乳動物での筋肉組織の成長を促進するための薬学的調製物であって、哺乳動物への投与に適するよう発熱物質を実質的に含まない調製物。
- ミオスタチン阻害剤がALK7受容体のミオスタチン結合ドメインを含むポリペプチドである、請求項1記載の調製物。
- ALK7受容体ドメインのドメインがSEQ ID No.2由来のアミノ酸配列、またはミオスタチン結合活性を保持するその変種配列を有する、請求項2または3記載の調製物。
- ミオスタチン阻害剤が可溶性ALK7受容体である、請求項1記載の調製物。
- 可溶性ALK7受容体がSEQ ID No 4または6に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項6記載の調製物。
- ミオスタチン結合ドメインが1 μMまたはそれ以下のKdでミオスタチンに結合する、請求項3記載の調製物。
- ポリペプチドが、ミオスタチン結合ドメインに加えて、インビボでの安定性、インビボでの半減期、取込み/投与、組織局在性もしくは分布、タンパク質複合体の形成および/または精製の1つまたは複数を促進する1つまたは複数のポリペプチド部分を含む、融合タンパク質である、請求項3記載の調製物。
- 融合タンパク質が免疫グロブリンFcドメインを含む、請求項9記載の調製物。
- 融合タンパク質がエピトープタグ、FLAGタグ、ポリヒスチジン配列、およびGST融合体より選択される精製用配列を含む、請求項9記載の調製物。
- ポリペプチドがグリコシル化アミノ酸、PEG化アミノ酸、ファルネシル化アミノ酸、アセチル化アミノ酸、ビオチニル化アミノ酸、脂質部分に結合されたアミノ酸、および有機誘導体化剤に結合されたアミノ酸より選択される1つまたは複数の修飾アミノ酸残基を含む、請求項3記載の調製物。
- ミオスタチン阻害剤が、GDF11の結合に対するそのKdよりも少なくとも2倍低いミオスタチン結合に対する解離定数(Kd)を有する、請求項3記載の調製物。
- ミオスタチン阻害剤が、ミオスタチンに選択的に結合しALK7受容体の結合と競合するポリペプチド親和性試薬である、請求項1記載の調製物。
- 親和性試薬が抗体薬剤である、請求項14記載の調製物。
- 抗体薬剤が組換え抗体、モノクローナル抗体、VHドメイン、VLドメイン、scFv、Fab断片、Fab'断片、F(ab')2、Fvまたはジスルフィド結合されたFvである、請求項15記載の調製物。
- 抗体薬剤が完全ヒト抗体もしくはヒト化キメラ抗体、またはその抗原結合断片である、請求項16記載の調製物。
- 親和性試薬が、ミオスタチンに選択的に結合しALK7受容体の結合と競合するペプチドまたは足場ペプチドである、請求項14記載の調製物。
- ミオスタチン阻害剤が、ミオスタチンに選択的に結合しALK7受容体の結合と競合する小有機分子である、請求項1記載の調製物。
- 以下を含む、哺乳動物における使用に適した薬学的調製物: ミオスタチン上のALK7受容体結合部位に結合し、ミオスタチンによるシグナル伝達を阻害するポリペプチドミオスタチン阻害剤のコード配列と、該哺乳動物での筋肉組織の成長の促進に有効な量のポリペプチドミオスタチン阻害剤の発現をインビボで引き起こすための転写制御配列とを含むベクター; および薬学的に許容される担体。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物、およびヒト患者での筋肉組織の成長の促進に用いるためのラベルを含む、包装された医薬。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物、およびヒト以外の哺乳動物での筋肉組織の成長の促進に獣医が用いるためのラベルを含む、包装された医薬。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物を投与する段階を含む、動物の筋肉細胞または脂肪組織細胞においてミオスタチンシグナル伝達を阻害するための方法。
- 薬学的調製物が被験体の筋肉または脂肪組織の異常な量、発達または代謝活性により、少なくとも一部は、特徴付けられる、病態の重症度を軽減させるのに有効な量で投与される、請求項23記載の方法。
- 薬学的調製物が消耗疾患の重症度を抑制する、改善するまたは軽減するのに有効な量で投与される、請求項23記載の方法。
- 消耗疾患が悪液質、食欲不振、DMD症候群、BMD症候群、AIDS消耗性症候群、筋ジストロフィー、神経筋疾患からなる群より選択される、請求項25記載の方法。
- 薬学的調製物が代謝性疾患の重症度を抑制する、改善するまたは軽減するのに有効な量で投与される、請求項23記載の方法。
- 代謝性疾患が肥満およびII型糖尿病からなる群より選択される、請求項27記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物を投与する段階を含む、動物において脂肪生成分化を誘導するための方法。
- 被験体において体脂肪割合を低下させるために使われる、請求項29記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物を投与する段階を含む、動物において筋肉組織の成長を促進する方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量をその必要性がある患者に投与する段階を含む、うっ血性心不全を治療または予防するための方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量をその必要性がある患者に投与する段階を含む、加齢に伴う脆弱性を軽減するための方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、被験体において骨密度を増加するまたは骨折修復を加速するための方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、被験体においてタンパク質異化反応を軽減するための方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、患者において筋ジストロフィーの重症度を治療または軽減するための方法。
- 筋ジストロフィーがデュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー(DMD)、ベッカー型筋ジストロフィー(BMD)、エメリ・ドレフュシュ型筋ジストロフィー(EDMD)、肢帯型筋ジストロフィー(LGMD)、顔面肩甲上腕型筋ジストロフィー(FSHまたはFSHD) (ランドゥジー・デジュリンとしても知られる)、筋強直性ジストロフィー症(MMD) (スタイナート病としても知られる)、眼咽頭型筋ジストロフィー(OPMD)、遠位型筋ジストロフィー(DD)、先天型筋ジストロフィー(CMD)、先天性筋強直症(MC)、先天性パラミオトニア(PC)、中心コア病(CCD)、ネマリン筋障害(NM)、筋細管筋障害(MTMまたはMM)、および周期性四肢麻痺(PP)からなる群より選択される、請求項36記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、患者において運動ニューロン疾患の重症度を治療または軽減するための方法。
- 運動ニューロン疾患が筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS) (ルーゲーリック病としても知られる)、乳児進行性脊髄性筋萎縮症(SMA、SMA1またはWH) (SMA1型、ウェルドニッヒ・ホフマン病としても知られる)、中間型脊髄性筋萎縮症(SMAまたはSMA2) (SMA2型としても知られる)、若年型脊髄性筋萎縮症(SMA、SMA3またはKW) (SMA3型、クーゲルベルク・ウエランダー病としても知られる)、球脊髄性筋萎縮症(SBMA) (ケネディー病およびX-連鎖性SBMAとしても知られる)、および成人脊髄性筋萎縮症(SMA)からなる群より選択される、請求項38記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、患者において炎症性筋疾患の重症度を治療または軽減するための方法。
- 炎症性筋疾患が皮膚筋炎(PM/DM)、多発性筋炎(PM/DM)、および封入体筋炎(IBM)からなる群より選択される、請求項40記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、患者において神経筋接合部疾患の重症度を治療または軽減するための方法。
- 神経筋接合部疾患が重症筋無力症(MG)、ランバート・イートン症候群(LES)、および先天性筋無力症候群(CMS)からなる群より選択される、請求項42記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、患者において内分泌異常による筋障害の重症度を治療または軽減するための方法。
- 内分泌異常による筋障害が甲状腺機能亢進性筋障害(HYPTM)および甲状腺機能低下性筋障害(HYPOTM)からなる群より選択される、請求項44記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、患者において末梢神経疾患の重症度を治療または軽減するための方法。
- 末梢神経疾患がシャルコー・マリー・ツース病(CMT)、デジュリーヌ・ソッタス病(DS)、およびフリードライヒ運動失調症(FA)からなる群より選択される、請求項46記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2または20いずれか一項記載の薬学的調製物の有効量を投与する段階を含む、患者において代謝障害の重症度を治療または軽減するための方法。
- 代謝障害がホスホリラーゼ欠損症(MPDまたはPYGM)、酸性マルターゼ欠損症(AMD)、ホスホフルクトキナーゼ欠損症(PFKM)、脱分枝酵素欠損症(DBD)、ミトコンドリア筋障害(MITO)、カルニチン欠損症(CD)、カルニチンパルミチルトランスフェラーゼ欠損症(CPT)、ホスホグリセリン酸キナーゼ欠損症(PGK)、ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ欠損症(PGAMまたはPGAMM)、乳酸脱水素酵素欠損症(LDHA)、およびミオアデニル酸デアミナーゼ欠損症(MAD)からなる群より選択される、請求項48記載の方法。
- ALK7の細胞外ドメイン由来のリガンド結合ドメインを含む可溶性ポリペプチドを用いて被験体を治療する段階を含む、被験体の筋肉または脂肪組織の異常な量、発達または代謝活性により、少なくとも一部は、特徴付けられる病態の重症度を軽減するための方法。
- 骨吸収を阻害する、骨形成を刺激する、骨ミネラル濃度を高めることからなる群より選択される1つまたは複数のその他の化合物の同時投与を含む、請求項23〜49いずれか一項記載の方法。
- ビスフォスフォネートの同時投与を含む、請求項23〜49いずれか一項記載の方法。
- グルタメートアンタゴニスト、ポリペプチド成長因子、神経栄養因子の産生を増加させる薬物、抗炎症薬、カスパーゼ阻害剤、プロテインキナーゼC阻害剤、ビタミンE、 コエンザイムQ10およびクレアチンからなる群より選択される1つまたは複数のその他の化合物の同時投与を含む、請求項23〜49いずれか一項記載の方法。
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US54935204P | 2004-03-02 | 2004-03-02 | |
PCT/US2005/007281 WO2005084699A1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2005-03-02 | Alk7 and myostatin inhibitors and uses thereof |
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EP (2) | EP1729793B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2007526337A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2005219441A1 (ja) |
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US7456149B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
US20090098114A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
EP3006039B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
WO2005084699A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US20120183540A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
US20100322925A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
US20140205600A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
US9255137B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
US20060030522A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
EP3006039A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
EP1729793A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
AU2005219441A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US20160199458A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
US7807631B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
EP1729793B1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
CA2558478A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US8637450B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
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