JP2007500823A - Method for adjusting and stabilizing the delivery of wind energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for adjusting and stabilizing the supply of wind power energy to a power grid or the like in order to avoid sudden surges and spikes regardless of wind speed fluctuations and swaying movements.
The method includes a number of immediate use stations, energy storage where energy is directly available by the grid and stored for later use when demand is high or wind effectiveness is low. It is preferred to use a plurality of windmill stations including stations and hybrid stations. It is intended to create an energy delivery schedule to coordinate direct energy and use of energy from storage, based on daily wind speed forecasts that help predict the outcome of wind availability for the coming day. This schedule preferably sets the number of reductions in the constant power output period in one day. In the meantime, the energy delivery level is substantially constant despite fluctuations and swaying in wind speed and available wind level.
[Selection] Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind energy generation system, and more particularly to a method for adjusting and stabilizing the delivery (supply) of wind energy, such as to a power grid.

  Generating energy from natural resources such as the sun and wind has been an important goal of the country over the last few decades. In fact, reducing dependence on foreign resources, oil, has become an important national issue. Energy professionals fear that some of these resources, including oil, gas and coal, may run out someday. Because of these concerns, many projects have been started in an attempt to use energy derived from what are called natural “alternative” resources.

  Solar energy may be the most widely known alternative resource, but there is also the potential to use enormous energy from the wind. Wind farms, for example, are being built in many areas of the country where the wind blows naturally. In many of these applications, a large number of wind mills (hereinafter referred to as windmills) have been built and “targeted” towards the wind. Wind is blown against the windmill and is used to drive the generator by generating rotational force. This energy is often used to supplement the energy generated by the utility station and is distributed by the grid.

  Wind farms work best when wind conditions are relatively consistent and predictable. These conditions avoid surges (surges in current and voltage) and swings that can adversely affect the connected system network and allow a consistent and predictable amount of energy to be generated and delivered. To. The problem, however, is that the wind is inherently unpredictable and uncertain. In most cases, wind speed, frequency and duration vary considerably. That is, the wind does not blow at the same speed over a long period of time, and the wind speed itself changes significantly from one moment to the next. And since the electric energy produced | generated by a wind is a function of the cube of a wind speed mathematically, even the slight fluctuation | variation or swaying motion of a wind speed will become the unbalanced change of wind power generation. For example, a three-fold change in wind speed (increase / decrease) is a 27-fold change in wind power generation (ie, the third power of 3 is equal to 27).

  This is particularly important in a wind farm environment where power is delivered to a transmission network, which is a large network of smaller networks. These sudden surges (abrupt changes in current and voltage) in one area can disrupt other areas and even shut down all systems. Because of these problems, in current systems, wind farm power output is often difficult to handle and can cause problems for all systems.

  Another problem associated with wind fluctuations and swaying concerns the power sensitivity of the transmission line peaks in the grid. When wind speed fluctuations are severe and substantial wind power output fluctuations occur, the system must be designed with these fluctuations in mind so that the system has sufficient transmission line capacity to withstand the power fluctuations and fluctuations. Don't be. If excessive consideration is given to these peak power outputs at the same time, the system will eventually be over-planned. That is, if the system is designed to withstand surges in a small percentage of time, the grid capacity will not be used efficiently and effectively in a large percentage of time. Become.

  Another related problem is the lack of wind in some circumstances or the temporary disappearance of wind power associated with very low speed winds. When this happens, there may be a break in the wind power supply that can harm the overall grid output. This is particularly important when large wind farms are used that have a greater dependence on wind power to offset the peak demand period.

  These problems were intended to store energy generated by wind in the past so that wind power can be used during peak demand periods or when wind is hardly available. That is, the time shift from the most available time to the most necessary time. Nevertheless, these past systems have not been able to perform in a reliable and consistent manner. Past attempts have been unable to reduce the inherent inefficiencies and difficulties in using wind as an energy source over a long period of time, as explained above for the fluctuation and sway problems.

  Despite these problems, the wind is never exhausted and is often abundant in many places around the world. Therefore, to eliminate the energy swing (sway) and surge (sudden changes in current and voltage) that can adversely affect the power grid, the wind energy fluctuations and fluctuations are smoothed by filling in the wind energy interruption prior to transmission, In addition to storing energy, there is a desire to develop ways to use wind-generated power by providing power that can supply regulated, managed, and stabilized energy to the grid. is there.

  The present invention avoids energy swings and surges (abrupt changes in current and voltage) that can adversely affect the power grid, and smoothes and stabilizes the supply of power to the power grid, thereby reducing wind fluctuations and fluctuations. It relates to the use and storage of wind power energy, which can be reduced or avoided, and how to effectively regulate, manage and stabilize the supply. This method usually comprises a process that uses daily wind forecasts and images (predictions) to estimate the wind conditions and characteristics of the coming day, and the level at which the power generated by the wind is output to the grid. Uses data to effectively plan and create delivery schedules with the goal of allowing the system to provide the longest possible period that can remain constant for the upcoming 24-hour period To do. In this regard, the system uses various types of energy generation systems, including those that can store energy for later use, and how much energy is stored at any time. And is intended for a control system that can determine how much is used from storage.

  In one embodiment, the system includes a dedicated windmill station for various applications to determine how to generate wind power. The first of these stations is dedicated to creating energy for direct and immediate use by the grid or community (hereinafter referred to as “immediate use station”). The second of these windmill stations is dedicated to energy storage using a compressed air energy system (hereinafter referred to as “energy storage station”). The third of these windmill stations can be switched between the two (hereinafter referred to as the “hybrid station”). Such a system is pre-determined at each type of windmill station where the system can be economical and energy efficient in producing an appropriate amount of energy for both immediate use and storage at any time. It is preferred that the system be designed with the given number and ratio. These systems are used by communities that require a large number of windmill stations, i.e. by utilizing existing power grids so that energy from wind farms and / or systems can be used to supplement traditional energy sources It is preferable.

  Each ready-to-use station is preferably located in a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and a wind turbine nacelle and has a generator that turns the wind-induced rotational motion directly into electrical energy via the generator. This can be achieved, for example, by connecting the generator directly to the rotating shaft of the wind turbine so that mechanical forces derived from the wind can drive the generator directly. By placing the generator downstream of the gearbox on the windmill shaft, the mechanical power of the windmill can be used directly, avoiding typical energy losses that may be due to other types of placement.

  Energy storage stations are more complex in that they lower mechanical rotational energy from the nacelle above the ground as rotating mechanical energy to the ground level. Similarly, each energy storage station is connected to a compressor and directly converts wind power into compressed air energy. The horizontally oriented wind turbine of each energy storage station preferably has a horizontal axis coupled to the first gear, the horizontal axis coupled to a vertical axis extending below the windmill tower, so that It is connected to a second gear box connected to another horizontal shaft on the ground. The lower horizontal axis is then connected to the compressor so that mechanical forces derived from the wind can be directly converted into compressed air energy and stored.

  The compressed air from each energy storage station is preferably directed to one or more high-pressure storage tanks or pipeline storage systems in which the compressed air can be stored. Compressed air storage provides energy derived from the wind to be accumulated for an extended period of time. By storing energy in this way, compressed air can be released and expanded by the turbo expander at an appropriate time when little wind is available and / or during peak demand periods. Released and inflated air will always generate power “on demand”, ie, at the same time as the wind actually blows, but not when it is actually needed It is possible to drive a power generator such as wind-derived energy.

  The present invention allows storage tanks, pipeline systems, and / or related components, and collections thereof, to absorb heat to maintain stored air at a relatively stable temperature even during compression and expansion. Intended to be designed to release. For example, when large storage tanks are used, the preferred embodiment provides for an economical way to maintain a relatively stable temperature in the tank for each tank where heat transfer liquid (eg, antifreeze liquid) can be delivered through a tube. Including using a heat transfer system made of pipes extending through the interior.

  The system may also incorporate other heating systems, including storage tanks that help generate additional heat and compression energy, and heaters that can include means that can prevent the expanded air from freezing. it can. Alternatively, the present invention also provides solar heat, residual heat from the compressor, refuse incinerator, and low-level fossil fuel power, etc. to provide the heat necessary to increase the temperature and pressure of compressed air in the storage tank, etc. Intended to use a combination of The system is also intended to use chilled air created by the expansion of compressed air due to exhaust from a turbo expander, for example, for additional cooling purposes when there is demand for air conditioning services during the summer.

  It can be seen that the immediate use station described above can be used to produce electricity directly from the windmill station for immediate supply to the grid. On the other hand, the energy storage station can be used for time-shifted supply of wind power, so wind power is not even when the wind is actually blowing, i.e. when the wind is not blowing. It can also be seen that it can be used for the power grid even during peak demand periods. By adjusting and using these stations, the current system regulates and manages the flow of energy from the various stations to the grid so that it can be transferred to the grid in a stable manner despite fluctuations and fluctuations due to wind speed. Continuous and uninterrupted electricity can be supplied.

  The system is preferably customized and incorporates a hybrid station that can be switched between ready-to-use energy and energy for storage. That is, the switch can be used to determine the level of energy that is dedicated for immediate use and storage. In such a case, the ratio of the amount of energy that is dedicated to immediate use and storage is made to a specific adjustment, i.e. located in the hybrid station so that various suitable energy amounts can be prepared. Further modifications can be made, such as by using clutches and gears. This is virtually any time to allow a system with the right amount of electricity for immediate use and energy storage, depending on wind availability and energy demand at any time. Even allows you to customize the hybrid station for a given application.

  The system uses these three types of windmill stations to provide wind-generated energy instantly for both grid and energy storage and use, depending on wind conditions and grid requirements. Can do better. This means that an appropriate amount of energy is required so that a large wind farm can have an appropriate ratio of power that can be designed in a more flexible and customized way, for example, to meet the unique needs of the system. Hybrid stations can be used with immediate use and energy storage stations to be supplied to the laying network (power grid) at the appropriate time.

  In short, using a combination of the three types of windmill stations allows the system to be more specifically adapted and customized so that a constant supply of power can be provided for longer periods of time. To do.

  Whatever the peculiar place, the wind pattern changes from time to time: seasonally, monthly, and most importantly, daily, hourly, and minutely. Thus, these fluctuations and wobbles must be addressed in connection with storing energy in order for the system to provide a continuous output at a more constant rate.

  The present invention contemplates obtaining a daily wind forecast for the particular area where the wind farm is located in order to project the wind conditions and characteristics of the upcoming day. These wind forecasts will be based on the latest available weather forecasting techniques that are as close as possible to the actual wind conditions expected over the upcoming 24-hour period. Is intended. Not all of these predictions are accurate. However, it can have very close to expected wind conditions that allow the system to continue to operate and is sufficient for the purpose of planning and creating a wind supply schedule.

  Once each daily forecast is available, the method is based on that forecast for the purpose of devising the longest possible period during which the output level of wind power to the grid can remain constant, It is intended to use data that clarifies the energy delivery (supply) schedule for the coming day. For example, in the preferred embodiment, the grid can be used during any day (if necessary, there can be as many as seven constant power periods) or any day. It is desirable to have a constant power output of about 3 or less such that the ratio of the power output supplied to By allowing the system to provide a longer period of time when the wind-generated electrical output is constant, the system is able to provide power surges (rapid changes in current and voltage) and swings due to wind speed fluctuations and swaying movements. (Sway) etc. is reduced, and in some cases it can be eliminated entirely.

  The method by which the daily schedule is planned and executed utilizes the windmill station described above, as well as a valve control system for controlling the amount of energy stored and used in storage. The system can calculate the amount of wind power output level at any time by performing the appropriate number of immediate use and energy storage stations to generate energy, and by converting the appropriate number of hybrid stations. How much energy is being supplied directly to the grid at any given time, and how much is provided through storage of energy using compressors and expanders Is intended to be able to control that.

  In terms of control, control based on constantly updating wind forecasts to maintain the appropriate level of stored energy is also necessary so that the system does not exhaust the stored energy. . Based on wind forecasts, anticipating the need for additional stored energy (such as when it is predicted that more power may be needed in the coming 24 hours) It can also be for any day if it is not necessary (eg when it is expected that there will be enough wind to provide direct energy for the coming 24 hours).

  The device part of the present invention comprises three different types of windmill stations. For each type of windmill station, the first type has a horizontal axis wind turbine that converts rotating mechanical power into electrical energy to provide energy for immediate use using a generator (hereinafter “immediate use”). Station "). The second type has a horizontal axis wind turbine that converts mechanical rotational force into compressed air for energy storage (hereinafter referred to as “energy storage station”). And in the third type, one windmill station having the ability to convert mechanical rotational force into electrical energy for immediate use and / or storage of energy combines the first two characteristics (hereinafter “hybridized”). Station "). The system uses and regulates the three types of windmill stations described above so that a predetermined portion of wind energy can be dedicated for immediate use and dedicated for energy storage. Designed to do.

  The following discussion describes a method for adjusting a windmill station for a given application, thereby describing each of the three types of windmill stations.

A. Immediate use station:
FIG. 1a shows a schematic process flow diagram of an immediate use station. The figure shows how the mechanical rotational force produced by the windmill is converted into electrical power and supplied as electrical energy for immediate use. When the conversion is performed directly, the energy derived from the wind can be more efficiently converted into electric power. For example, increase the efficiency of the energy system generated by wind power generation by directly utilizing the mechanical rotational motion generated by the wind when blowing over the blades of the windmill to generate electricity directly be able to.

  Like conventional windmill devices used to generate electrical energy, in the present invention, each ready-to-use station is equipped with a windmill tower on which a horizontal axis wind turbine is provided. Preferably, the height of the windmill tower is set in order to provide the wind turbine at a predetermined height. As with the wind power conversion efficiency of the station, each wind turbine is preferably “aimed” towards the wind in order to maximize the area where the wind is caught. Wind turbines made by various standard manufacturers can be installed at the top of a tower with wind turbine blades or fans around a generally horizontally positioned axis of rotation.

  In this embodiment, the gearbox and power generator are preferably located in the nacelle of the windmill so that the mechanical rotational force of the shaft can directly drive the generator to generate electrical energy. By placing the power generator directly on the shaft via the gear box, the mechanical force can be converted to electric power more efficiently. The electrical energy can then be transmitted below the tower via a transmission line that can be connected to other transmission lines or ready-to-use stations to the power grid or other cables that supply power to other users.

  As described in more detail below, the present invention contemplates that an immediate use station can be used in conjunction with other windmill stations capable of storing wind energy for later use. The reason for this is that, as mentioned above, the wind is usually unreliable and unpredictable, and therefore provides power output at a constant rate, with only an immediate use station supplying energy for immediate use. Does not allow the system to be used. Thus, the present invention contemplates that additional energy storage stations may also be installed and used in wind farm applications where multiple windmill stations are installed.

B. Energy Storage Station FIG. 1b shows a schematic process diagram of an energy storage windmill station (energy storage station). This station comprises a conventional windmill tower and a horizontal axis windmill turbine in conjunction with an immediate use station, as described above. Similarly, the wind turbine is preferably located at the top of the windmill tower as in the previous design and can be aimed towards the wind. The rotating shaft is also extended from the wind turbine to transmit power.

  Unlike the previous design, however, in this embodiment it is preferred that the energy derived from the wind is extracted at the base of the windmill tower for energy storage. As shown in FIG. 1b, the first gearbox capable of shifting the rotational movement of the horizontal drive shaft to the longitudinal axis extending below the windmill tower is preferably located adjacent to the wind turbine in the windmill nacelle. . There is preferably a second gearbox at the base of the tower, which is designed to shift the rotational movement of the vertical axis from there to another horizontal axis located on the ground connected to the compressor. Thus, the mechanical rotational force from the wind turbine at the top of the tower can be transferred below the tower and converted directly into compressed air energy via a compressor at or near the base of the tower. The compressor's mechanical prime mover forces compressed air energy into one or more high pressure storage tanks or pipeline systems located on the ground. With this device, each energy storage station can be converted directly into compressed air energy that can store mechanical wind power for later use, such as during peak demand periods or when little wind is available.

  The energy storage portion of the system preferably includes means for storing compressed air energy, such as a storage tank or pipeline system. For additional information regarding storage tanks, heating, and other devices and methods that can be used in connection with the present invention, see US Application Serial No. filed Oct. 4, 2002. 10 / 263,848 (US Application Serial No. 10 / 263,848) and the title of the US provisional application filed by the applicant on May 30, 2003, “Wind-Generated Energy Using Pipeline Systems” A Method of Storage and Transport Wind Generated Energy Using a Pipeline System and a pipeline system for wind energy generation and storage that can be used in connection with the present invention. Reference can be made to a related non-provisional application filed June 1, 2004 for technical information. The storage facility is preferably located near the energy storage station so that the compressed air can be carried for storage without severe pressure loss.

  Storage facilities of various sizes can be used. The system is intended to be based on calculations related to several factors regarding the size of the storage facility. For example, as naturally discussed, as with other factors such as the size and capacity of the selected wind turbine, the capacity of the selected compressor, the availability of wind, the range of energy demand, etc. The volume of the storage facility is based on the number and ratio of installed energy storage and ready-to-use stations.

  Any of the many conventional means of converting compressed air into electrical energy can be used. In the preferred embodiment, one or more turbo expanders that release compressed air from storage are used to create a high velocity air stream that can be used to move the generator to produce electrical energy. This electrical energy can then be used to supplement the energy supplied by the immediate use station. The system is designed so that compressed air in the storage tank can be released via a turbo expander whenever stored wind energy is needed. As shown in FIG. 1b, energy is preferably supplied from the turbo expander to the alternator. The alternator is connected to an AC to DC converter, followed by a DC to AC inverter, and a conditioner to adapt the impedance to the user's circuit.

  The present invention contemplates that the storage facility is designed to absorb and release heat in order to maintain the accumulated air at a relatively stable temperature during compression and expansion. For example, when large storage tanks are used, the preferred embodiment is that each tank in which heat transfer liquid (eg, antifreeze) can be delivered through a tube to provide an economical way to maintain the temperature in the tank relatively stably Including using a heat transfer system made of thin-walled tubes extending through the interior of the. The tube preferably comprises approximately 1% of the total tank area and a copper or carbon steel material. They also preferably contain antifreeze that can be distributed throughout the interior of the storage tank, so that the tubes act as a heat exchanger that is part of the thermal inertia system. The storage tank is preferably insulated to prevent heat loss from the inside.

  The system also includes other heating systems including heaters that can be provided on and in the storage tank to help generate additional heat and compression energy, and with means that can prevent the expanded air from freezing. Can be incorporated. In some cases, although not in the preferred system, the present invention provides solar heat, residual heat from the compressor, garbage incinerator, to provide the heat necessary to increase the temperature and pressure of the compressed air in the storage tank, And low level fossil fuel power and other combinations can be used. The system is also intended to use chilled air created by the expansion of compressed air due to exhaust from a turbo expander, for example, for additional cooling purposes when there is demand for air conditioning services during the summer.

C. Hybrid station:
FIG. 2a shows a hybrid station. A hybrid station is basically a single windmill station, with a mechanical power distribution mechanism that can distribute wind power between power for immediate use and energy for storage according to the needs of the system. Includes certain elements of use and energy storage stations.

  Like the two stations described above, the conventional wind turbine tower is preferably built on which the conventional horizontal axis wind turbine is located. The wind turbine preferably includes a horizontally rotating shaft that has the ability to transmit mechanical force directly to the converter.

  Like the energy storage station, the hybrid station is adapted so that wind energy can be extracted at the base of the windmill tower. As schematically shown in FIG. 2a, the wind turbine has a rotating drive shaft connected to the first gearbox located in the nacelle of the windmill, and the horizontal rotational movement of the shaft extends below the tower. It can be moved to the vertical axis. In the base, the second gearbox is preferably designed so that the rotational movement of the vertical axis is shifted to another horizontal axis.

  In this respect, a mechanical force splitter can be provided, as shown in FIG. 2a. The splitter, described in more detail below, is designed to divide the mechanical force on the lower horizontal axis so that an appropriate amount of wind power can be transmitted to the desired downstream converter. That is, it is possible to adjust the transmission of power to the power generator for a compressor for immediate use or energy storage.

  Downstream of the mechanical splitter, the hybrid station desirably has on one side a mechanical connection to the generator and on the other side a mechanical connection to the compressor. When the mechanical splitter is completely switched to the generator, the mechanical rotational force from the lower horizontal axis is sent directly to the generator via the shaft with which the gears are engaged. This allows the generator to efficiently and directly convert mechanical power into electrical energy for power transferred to the user for immediate use.

  On the other hand, when the mechanical splitter is completely switched to the compressor, the mechanical rotational force from the lower horizontal axis is sent directly to the compressor to store the compressed air energy in the high pressure storage tank.

  To the extent that the mechanical force produced by the hybrid station is intended to be directly converted into compressed air energy, this part of the hybrid station is preferably substantially similar to the components of the energy storage station. So that the stored energy can be released at an appropriate time through one or more turbo expanders. As in the previous embodiment, the high pressure storage tank or pipeline system is located in close proximity to the windmill station so that compressed air energy can be efficiently stored in the tank for later use. It is desirable.

  As will be appreciated, hybrid stations are preferably incorporated into large wind farm applications and installed with other stations for immediate use and energy storage. In such a case, each hybrid station compressor can be connected to a centrally located storage facility where multiple energy storage and hybrid stations can contain compressed air. In fact, the system can be designed such that all of the hybrid and energy storage stations can be connected to a single storage facility.

  A mechanical force splitter that divides mechanical power between energy storage and power for immediate use shall consist of multiple gears and clutches so that mechanical energy can be transferred directly to the converter. Can do. In one embodiment, the mechanical splitter comprises a large gear attached to the lower horizontal drive shaft extending from the lower end of the station in combination with an additional drive gear that can engage and engage with the large gear. . The first clutch preferably moves each of the additional drive gears from the first position engaged (engaged) with the larger gear to the unengaged large gear and back to the second position reversed. To control for. Thus, the operation of the first clutch causes the appropriate number of additional drive gears to engage the larger gear based on the desired distribution of mechanical force from the lower drive shaft to the converter ( Can be engaged).

  For example, one system may have one large gear and five additional drive gears, and the first clutch will always have a large gear 1, 2, 3, 4, Or it can be used so that it can be engaged with 5. In this way, in order to determine the ratio of the mechanical force transmitted to the appropriate energy converter, the initial clutch allows some additional drive gear activity and therefore ( The ability to be driven by a large gear (driven by the lower horizontal drive shaft) can be controlled. That is, if all five additional drive gears mesh with a larger gear, each five additional drive gears will cause the energy converter to be one-fifth or 20% of the overall mechanical force. I can tell you. If only three of the additional drive gears are in mesh with the larger gear, each meshing additional drive gear will be one third or 33 of the mechanical force generated by the wind turbine. Communicate 33%. If the two drive gears mesh with the larger gear, each will deliver the transmitted power, the other half, or 50%.

  The mechanical splitter of the present invention can couple each of the additional drive gears downstream of a power generator that produces energy for immediate use or an air compressor that generates compressed air energy for energy storage. Therefore, it is desirable to include a second clutch. By adjusting the second clutch, the resulting mechanical force transmitted from the large gear to any additional drive gear can be directed to the generator or compressor. This allows the amount of mechanical power supplied by the windmill station to be distributed and distributed between immediate use and energy storage on an individual adjustable basis. That is, how many additional drive gears engage the large gear and how much power is distributed to each type of energy converter, and each meshing additional drive gear has which energy converter Depending on the adjustments made by the two clutches that determine whether they are connected to. Those coupled to the generator set produce energy for immediate use, and those associated with the compressor generate energy for storage.

  Based on the above, by adjusting the two clutches of the mechanical force splitter mechanism, the energy is dedicated to immediate use and the extent to which the energy storage is adjusted and distributed is known. By way of example, if it is desired, the second clutch simultaneously couples two of the five additional drive gears (each with 20% power, or a total of 40%) to the generator. Can be used to cause two additional drive gears out of five (each with 20% force, or a total of 60%) to be coupled to the compressor, while mechanical If it is desired that 40% of the force is distributed to energy for immediate use and 60% of the mechanical power is distributed for storage energy, all five additional drive gears are large gears. Can be used to cause the first clutch to engage. In this way, the mechanical splitter can divide and distribute the mechanical force at a predetermined ratio of 40/60, respectively, between immediate use and energy storage.

  In another embodiment using the same system, if it is desired that all mechanical forces be distributed to immediate use, the first clutch will have a large gear as the only one in the additional drive gear. The second clutch can be used to couple one of the additional drive gears with the generator. That is, the mechanical force generated by the windmill station is transmitted for immediate use.

  Similarly, if it is desired that all mechanical power be distributed to energy storage, the second clutch can cause one engaged additional drive gear to couple to the compressor. That is, all of the mechanical force generated by the windmill station is transmitted for storage.

  It is contemplated that the system can include any number of additional drive gears that can include a variety of ranges over which mechanical forces can be divided. However, in most situations, having five additional drive gears will provide sufficient flexibility to allow the hybrid station to function. With five additional drive gears, the following ratios can be provided: 50/50, 33.33 / 66.66, 66.66 / 33.33, 20/80, 40/60, 60 / 40, 80/20, 100/0, and 0/100.

  Through the use of a clutch with a mechanical force splitter, each hybrid station can be adjusted at different times of the day to provide different rates of power between immediate use and energy storage. . Of course, as discussed, despite the unreliable and unpredictable wind conditions, power demand and wind availability forecasts vary to provide users with a constant amount of long-term power It is intended that a ratio may be necessary. This system is designed to allow those ratios to be easily adapted. Other systems for splitting power are also contemplated.

D. Control and valve mechanism:
Preferably, the system comprises a system that controls the operation of the windmill station, the clutch for the hybrid station, the amount of compressed air supplied to and released from the storage, the operation of the compressor, the operation of the turbo expander, and other operations. . The control system preferably has several immediate use stations in operation, how many energy storage stations are operating, how many hybrid stations are operating, and how many are in energy storage mode. It is possible to set the total number of windmill stations operating at any time, including whether they are operating. In this way, the total energy delivered by the system at any time and how the energy is distributed between immediate use and energy storage can be accurately controlled and adjusted.

  For example, if the system has a total of 50 windmill stations with 20 immediate use, 20 energy storage, and 10 hybrid stations, how many of the immediate use and energy storage stations to operate, The control system to determine how many points of the system are to be used for immediate use or energy storage mode allows the operator to determine how many stations on the one hand are dedicated to immediate use and how much storage is on the other hand Can be determined. For example, if power from 28 ready-to-use wind turbine stations is determined to be needed for a special period, the system can operate all 20 of the ready-to-use stations and 10 hybrid stations. Eight of them can be converted to immediate use mode.

  At the same time, if 16 of the energy storage stations are needed during the same period, 16 of them can be put into operation. And the other four locations can be shut down, or the energy supplied by them can be removed or discharged.

  The control system is also designed to maintain the level of stored compressed air energy at an appropriate level, preferably by adjusting the flow of compressed air in and out of the storage. Compressed air is introduced into the storage via the compressor and discharged from the storage via the turbo expander.

  At the discharge end, a valve system such as that shown in FIG. 2b can be provided to estimate a predetermined amount of compressed air released at any time via a turbo expander. FIG. 2b shows an example of a storage tank with three joints attached to three turbo expanders that can use a valve to distribute the appropriate amount of air by the turbo expander. The chart shows five different valve sequences, each associated with a specific pressure amount in the storage tank.

  Valve series A is suitable for 600 psig. According to this series, only valve numbers 3 and 5 are closed and all others are open. Thus, the air flowing through the valve 1 can enter the first turbo expander and be converted to electrical energy via the first alternator. Also, since valves 2 and 4 are open, some of the compressed air can enter the second and third turbo expanders and be converted to electrical energy via the second and third alternators. it can. Since valves 3 and 5 are closed, only air flowing through valve 1 is used.

  Valve series B is suitable for 300 psig. According to this series, only valve 3 is open and the other discharge valves, ie 1 and 5, are closed. In this way, the air flowing through the valve 3 can enter the second turbo expander and be converted into electrical energy via the second alternator. In addition, since the valve 4 is open and the valve 2 is closed, a part of the compressed air can enter the third turbo-expander and is converted into electric energy via the third alternator. Can. Since valves 1 and 2 are closed, the first alternator remains unused.

  Valve series C is suitable for 100 psig. According to this series, only one valve, the fifth, is open. Thus, the air flowing through the valve 5 can enter the third turbo expander and be converted to electrical energy via the third alternator. The first and second turbo expanders and the alternator remain unused.

  When pressure is not in the tank (see valve series D), the valve is closed, in which case the compressed air energy introduced from the compressor into the tank is accumulated over time, increasing the pressure in the tank To help. Similar controls are used in connection with the compressor to allow the tank to be filled. That is, it is used to determine the rate at which compressed air enters the storage through the compressor. Control desirably allows the amount of pressure in the tank to be maintained and tempered.

  Control is also used to operate the heat exchanger that is used to help control the temperature of the air in the tank. The control determines what heat exchangers should be used at any time and how much heat they must provide to the compressed air in the storage tank.

  The control system, as will be appreciated, preferably comprises a microprocessor that is preprogrammed based on the input data provided so that the system can operate automatically. The present invention can develop and install an overall system consisting of immediate use, energy storage, and hybrid stations, in that respect a predetermined number according to the requirements placed on the system by the intended use area. Immediate use, energy storage, and hybrid are intended to be able to operate at once. This allows the system to be customized and adapted to accommodate a variety of wind forecasts during different times of the year where wind conditions can vary considerably.

E. Method:
The method is discussed here using an example based on actual wind conditions found in the land of Kansas during November 1996, prepared by Kansas Wind Power LLC. . This period was chosen because it included a sufficiently varied wind history to show how the method can be applied in different situations.

  FIG. 3 shows what is commonly referred to as a wind power distribution diagram for a site. This chart represents an actual history taken at an actual location. Overall, this chart shows the average number of occurrences or average number of occurrences when the wind reached a certain speed during the month of November 1996 (measured at hourly intervals). The wind history is designed to allow a survey of the average wind speed from season to season in any place at any time. This information is useful. For example, it can help to devise a year-round solution that can be based on best and lowest case scenarios from research.

  FIG. 3 shows that for all special wind speed measurements, the number of peaks that occurred when the wind speed reached approximately 9 meters per second was approximately 43. In other words, for a time estimated to be equal to about 43 hours (43 occurrences multiplied by an equal interval of 1 hour is equal to 43 hours) when measured hourly during the month of November, The wind speed was about 9 meters per second more frequently than any other speed. Another way to consider this is that in an average of approximately 43 measurements taken at hourly intervals during the month, the wind was blowing at an average of approximately 9 meters / second.

  The chart also shows that there were a few occurrences of wind speeds below 2 meters per second during the month. Similarly, the chart shows that the wind speed probably would have exceeded 18 meters per second. To put it another way, what the chart shows is that during the month of November, the wind blew at less than 2 meters / second and for more than 18 meters / second for just a few hours. And it helps in determining that appropriate equipment and methods are used in connection with the site.

  This means that depending on what type of wind turbine you choose, you can predict the amount of time that the wind turbine should operate and function during the month to generate energy. That is. For example, assuming that the selected wind turbine is designed to operate only when the wind speed is between 3 meters per second and 15 meters per second for efficiency and safety reasons, On any day, it can be predicted that these wind turbines will be in operation for most, if not always, hours.

  For practical application, research should be conducted over multiple months. In fact, such decisions take into account cost-effectiveness analysis and wind availability in the lowest and highest scenarios for the annual process, as well as power demand that is easy to set up for the local system throughout the year. Included energy efficiency surveys usually.

  The amount of wind power generated by the wind turbine during the above period depends on the wind speed during the period at any time. In general, wind power derived from a wind turbine follows the following equation:

P = C1 * 0.5 * Rho * A * U3
So C1 = constant (obtained by matching the calculated force to the wind turbine volume and wind speed capability)
Rho = air density A = area through which the rotor of the wind turbine passes U = wind speed This means that the amount of wind generated by the wind is proportional to the cube of the wind speed. Thus, in situations where the wind turbine is fully operating between 2 meters per second and 18 meters per second, the total amount of wind power that can be generated is a direct of all wind speeds between those ranges. In function.

  On the other hand, various wind turbines are designed so that the electrical output from the wind force remains relatively constant during a particular high wind speed range. This is because of wind turbine blades that change angle to reduce air resistance at speeds above a certain maximum. For example, a particular wind turbine may function to some extent within a certain speed range. That is, the generated wind force remains constant between 13 and 20 meters per second despite the change in wind speed. Therefore, in the above embodiment, when the wind speed is 13 meters / second during the period in which the wind speed is between 13 meters and 18 meters / second, the amount of wind force generated in the wind turbine is the generated power. It will be equal. In addition, many wind turbines are designed such that when the wind speed exceeds a maximum limit of 15 meters per second, the turbine is completely shut down to prevent damage due to excessive wind speed. Thus, the total amount of energy that can be generated by a particular wind turbine must take these factors into account.

  FIG. 3 also compares the actual number of occurrences over the time period with the average determined by the Weibull distribution. In this regard, it should be noted that the wind power distribution diagram for wind speed is typically statistically explained by the Weibull distribution. Although there are sites where the width parameter achieved values as high as k = 2.52, wind turbine manufacturers used a wobble distribution associated with a “width parameter” of k = 2.0.

  It is desirable to know how much a specific wind speed actually occurs in an average year, but to know when various wind speeds occur in a day, that is, one of the objects of the present invention. It is also important for the purposes of the present invention that their wind speed grades are forecasted daily so that they can be used to formulate a daily energy supply schedule. In order to develop a system that can be applied daily, it is necessary to obtain daily wind speed forecasts and forecasts in advance of the coming day in order to allow the plans or schedules to be applied the next day. is there.

  In this regard, FIG. 4 shows the daily wind history that occurred at the same site during a particular week of the same November time frame. FIG. 4 shows the compilation of measurements made over a period spanning from November 1, 1996 to November 6, 1996. This special chart shows the wind speed measured at hourly intervals throughout each day of the period.

  The line representing November 1, for example, starts after midnight when the wind is blowing slightly slower than 7 meters per second and ends before midnight when the wind is blowing slightly slower than 8 meters per second. During that day, it was the lowest measurement of about 4 meters per second that occurred in the morning, and a peak (spike) of about 7 meters per second that occurred at around 2:00 pm. There wasn't. The wind speed then increased towards midnight.

  On the one hand, the line representing November 2 shows a more changing wind. The wind starts just below midnight, slightly below 8 meters per second, begins to slow down to about 2 meters per second around 10:00 am, and continues at low levels. Then the wind started to rise at around 5:00 pm and ended the day with a wind speed of nearly 13 meters per second until midnight.

  The next day, November 3, the wind remained relatively high, while it fluctuated up and down, reaching a low of about 9 meters per second around 8am and about 15 seconds per second around 1pm. Get to the peak of the meter. On this day, the wind started from just below 13 meters per second after midnight and ended by midnight at a wind speed slightly below 11 meters per second.

  On November 4, the wind continues to fluctuate, reaching a peak of about 13 meters per second, but begins to subside and reaches a speed of about 5 meters per second by midnight.

  November 5 starts as follows. Immediately after midnight, it is as low as 2 meters per second, but then it begins to increase dramatically, reaching a peak of about 14 meters per second by about 4 am. The wind speed remains relatively high and reaches approximately 12 meters per second at midnight.

  The next day the wind fluctuates again and reaches another peak at about 14 meters per second around noon. Then it starts to settle down and it is about 7 meters low per second by midnight.

  What this chart tracks is the actual wind speed that occurred on the site during the first week of November 1996.

  In the present invention, however, wind speed forecasts are obtained for special sites so that the daily expected wind speed is predicted at least one day in advance. That is, FIG. 4 shows an example of wind history, but the present invention is similar to the previous history in terms of content, except that it is not a past record but a projection for the future. Is intended to be used. Such forecasts can be developed from data obtained from the Meteorological Agency and other data resources using the latest weather forecasting technology. The present invention contemplates that relatively accurate forecasts can be created when made within 24 hours, especially before the forecasted date.

  Once the data is available, a wind speed forecast similar to the wind history for the coming day is prepared. The wind speed forecast should be used to determine the daily power supply schedule that must be performed in order to maintain a relatively constant power output level for the longest possible period during the coming 24 hours Can do. Also, of course, as will be discussed, a maximum of approximately 7 times or more is acceptable, but the purpose is for the grid to use a constant power output level period per day, preferably a reduced number of times such as 3 or less. It is to supply power. This allows the number of times that must be changed to minimize the supply power level, thereby reducing the stress and work on the switching mechanism.

  For the purposes of this example (3 out of 6 days in November 1996), ie, November 1st, 5th and 6th are very useful in showing various aspects of the method. It was chosen because of the drastic changes in wind speed. Although it is not performed on days when the wind speed change is small as usual, the day when the wind speed change is large requires the use of stored energy in order to smoothly supply energy to the laying network (power transmission network). How these methods can be applied to determine a daily supply schedule that can meet a defined objective is studied and represented on the drawing for these three days.

  Before discussing the supply schedule history, it is relevant to determine the power output capacity for each windmill station and therefore discuss the choice of wind turbines that play a role in the planning of the daily supply schedule. In this regard, including the total number of wind turbine stations to be installed, the overall design of the wind farm can be based on the criteria described in the applicant's previous application incorporated herein by reference. It is important to pay attention. In the particular embodiment shown here, Applicant has selected a Nordex N50 / 800 wind turbine whose performance is compared to the computer type in FIG. This product was chosen for this example, but any conventional wind turbine could be used. The selected wind turbine has a 50 meter diameter blade, a tower height of 50 meter, and a 1,964 square meter blade moving area. It rotates at 3 meters per second and has a design wind speed of 14 meters per second. This size was chosen because it is suitable for large practical applications such as wind farms with a power generation capacity of 100-1,000 MW, and the product is small enough to be transported by truck and rail.

  The example storage facility was also designed with 62 storage tanks each 60 feet long and 10 feet in diameter, each rated 600 psig. This allows the use of standard ready-to-buy components and hardware that can lower the overall cost of the facility. In order to determine the total number of tanks needed for the wind farm under consideration at the site, the design takes into account worst case scenarios such as days when most numbers of tanks are needed. Pipeline systems can be similarly designed with appropriate storage capacity based on the dimensions of the pipe and its length.

  The methodology applied in formulating the supply schedule for each coming day is how much energy is generated by the immediate use station and how much energy is generated by the energy storage station (converted to either) Including at least the following three design conditions related to (including possible hybrid stations).

1. The stored peak pressure should not exceed 600 psig;
2. The stored pressure should never be less than 100 psig at any time; and
3. The pressure stored at the end of each day should preferably be equal to or greater than the beginning of each day.

  Based on these considerations, it is desirable to use an iterative process to determine how many of each type of windmill station must be in operation at any time and anytime. Using the methodology discussed in the previous application and the concepts discussed here, the design chosen for this example is as follows: 24 ready-to-use stations, 6 energies Storage station and 19 mixed stations. This includes up to 43 ready-to-use wind turbines (24 mixed-use stations and 19 converted-to-use hybrid stations) and up to 25 energy storage wind-turbine stations (6 energy storage stations and A hybrid station converted to 19 energy storage allows a system to be adjusted between). When there are less changes in wind speed, more immediate use stations are generally used, and when there are more changes in wind speed, more energy storage stations are used. The system is also capable of shutting off or dissipating power from any windmill station so that an appropriate ratio between immediate use and energy storage can be obtained as needed at any time.

  FIG. 6 shows two different supply schedules created for the 24-hour period on November 1, 1996. Both charts compare the constant power curve and the wind / power availability curve shown by two straight lines. The difference between the two schedules relates to how many immediate uses and how many energy storage stations have been activated during the day. The first chart represents a set-up system where 87% of the total wind power is supplied directly from the immediate use station to the grid and 13% of the power is processed via storage. The second chart represents a setting in which 40% of the wind power is supplied from the immediate use station to the grid and 60% of the power is processed via storage.

  In both examples, each supply schedule was created to provide two constant power output periods, one with a duration of 20 hours and the other with a duration of 4 hours. This is mainly based on the shape of the day's wind speed curve where the wind speed fluctuates about 5 meters per second during the first 20 hours and then suddenly changes to about 7 meters per second during the last 4 hours. For this reason, to provide a fairly constant energy output level of about 2,500 kW during the first 20 hours and a fairly constant energy output level of approximately 5,000 kW during the last 4 hours. A schedule was designed.

  Setting up a supply schedule to provide a relatively low constant power output level period during each day can cause the system to surge (current / voltage spikes) and swings that can adversely affect the system. ) Can be avoided. If only an immediate use station is used as in a conventional wind turbine system, the amount of energy supplied to the laying network (power transmission network) will be accompanied by peaks and troughs in the wind speed curve with severe fluctuations and fluctuations. Let's go. In such a case, the intense peak or spike of energy puts additional stress and heavy burden on the power system and was delivered to the laying network around 3 pm along with other fluctuations and shaking. On the other hand, by using the present invention, it can be seen that the amount of power delivered to the laying network (power transmission network) was very well predicted and constant over a long period of time.

  Also from FIG. 6, the cost of power using the second schedule was $ 0.051 / kW-Hr, whereas the power supply cost using the first schedule was $. It turns out that it was 033 / kW-Hr. This is due to the inefficiencies associated with having to get a greater percentage of energy from storage than from an immediate use station. For this reason, it teaches that it is usually preferable to use a schedule that relies on an immediate use station rather than an energy storage station for a larger percentage of power.

  In addition to selecting a schedule that relies on more energy from immediate use than from storage of energy while the system is in operation, the storage should be kept in such a way that the amount of energy in the storage does not become less than at the end of the previous day. It is desirable to balance the energy in the storage by keeping a balance between the energy introduced and the energy extracted from the storage. In addition, as noted above, another point to consider is that if wind conditions do not actually occur as predicted by the forecast so that there is enough energy to be expected if needed later. In order to always keep at least 100 psig pressure in storage. At the same time, it is also desirable not to accumulate more than the amount of pressure pre-determined in storage, as it may be necessary to dissipate and waste pressure.

  The energy processed through storage includes the following three scenarios that must take into account the history of the delivery (supply) schedule.

  First, the system must be designed to account for the period when the input level to storage is equal to the output. That is, if a constant supply power output level matches the rate at which power is being supplied from a combination of immediate use and energy storage stations, then theoretically, the amount of energy in storage is substantially equal to these It remains constant during this period. Of course, like the residual heat from the compressor, this does not take into account any particular inefficiencies and any of the heating devices described above. Nevertheless, it is clear that there are times when the amount stored will remain fairly constant. This can occur, for example, when energy from storage is not used to maintain a constant power output level and all of the energy is available from the immediate use station.

  Second, the system must be designed to account for the period when the input level to storage is less than the output. During these periods, if the amount of energy stored decreases over time, energy is drawn from storage at a greater rate than is provided for storage to maintain a constant power output level. I understand. This can be continued temporarily for a short period of time, but eventually the supply is restored so that the stored energy is restored in order to keep the energy level stored in substantial balance. The schedule must be adjusted. In other words, the supply schedule means that the amount of energy stored at the end of each day is equal to or greater than the amount stored at the beginning of each day, so that more The potential for energy must be included and adapted as one of the factors.

  Third, the system must be designed to account for the period when the input level to storage is greater than the output. In this case, energy is introduced into the storage at a rate greater than that extracted. As discussed, this is important for the second scenario where the stored energy can be reduced if any. In this case, the supply schedule should take into account the possibility that a greater percentage of the energy drawn from the storage will be introduced into the storage so that the amount of stored energy can increase over time during some period. Must conform. At a time when the pressure becomes too high, however, the pressure must be vented and / or the compressor must be turned off.

  The first chart in FIG. 7a shows two constant power output periods compared to the amount of energy being supplied to the storage indicated by the up and down curves (one lasts 20 hours and the other lasts 4 hours). Indicates. It can be seen that there is a considerable difference between these curves representing the second and third scenarios described above. That is, the period when the input exceeds the output or the output exceeds the input. As shown in the second chart of FIG. 7a, the “stored wind” that occurs based on the reason for the energy level in the storage that increases from time to time and decreases from time to time, depending on which always applies to the above scenario, regardless of time There is a change in the curve. This chart is based on 87% of the power supplied directly to the grid and 13% of the power being processed through the storage, and at any given time net power less than 1,000 kW is supplied to the storage Indicates that Bending of the “stored wind” line also indicates that the amount of energy supplied to the storage can vary over time.

  FIG. 7b shows the net energy stored again in the storage during the day based on the occurrence of the three scenarios described above. From the upper chart of FIG. 7b, it can be seen that the stored energy of the storage required to keep the power output level constant varies over the course of the day. It is also possible that the pressure level in storage (indicated by the top curve) drops to around 100 psig around 1:00 pm and then again between 6:00 and 8:00 pm Shown in the chart. And that is the combined result of the three scenarios discussed above, in which the extracted net energy is supplied and exceeds the net energy. Also, the supply schedule ensures that the pressure never falls below 100 psig, and that eventually there is an equal amount or more energy in storage at the end of the day than at the beginning of the day, It can be seen that it is well represented on the drawing. The pressure will never exceed 600 psig.

  In actual implementation, these supply schedules are based on predicted wind speed forecasts, so to account for the possibility that real wind conditions may not seem as expected, the actual schedule plan is It needs to reflect a fairly modest approach. If the schedule is not conservative, the pressure could drop below 100 psig, or it could run out, in which case there is not enough stored pressure to power the grid. . If the energy in the storage runs out, the system will not be able to supply constant power during those times. That is, since there is no energy in the storage to offset and smooth the fluctuations in the wind speed and the generated power from the immediate use station, the fluctuations in the wind speed will continue to cause fluctuations in the power output supply. In such cases, the supply schedule must be adjusted during the previous period to compensate for the loss of stored power. In this regard, the present invention is intended to be necessary. On the other hand, if the schedule is too modest, the storage pressure may have to be dissipated, in which case energy may be wasted.

  Figures 8a and 8b and Figures 9a and 9b show similar charts for 24 hours on November 5th and 6th, 1996, respectively.

  FIG. 8a shows a supply schedule created for 24 hours of the day based on the wind history that occurred on November 5, 1996. This chart represents a supply schedule in which 60% of the total wind power is supplied from the immediate use station to the grid and 40% of the power is processed through storage. This day's wind speed curve was quite diverse, so this supply schedule was created to provide seven different constant power output periods instead of a few.

  The first fixed level period (from midnight to 3:00 am) provides little power to the grid, if any. This is mainly due to the fact that there was almost no wind during that time.

  The second constant level period from 3:00 am to 9:00 am provides approximately 4,000 kW. And that is due to a slight increase in wind speed that started around 4:00 am. Due to the rapid increase in wind speed that begins around 8:00 am, the third constant level period extends only from 9:00 am to 10:00 am. This period is short because the increase in wind speed is so dramatic that the power must be increased to 10,000 kW in order to efficiently use the energy supplied and generated.

  The fourth constant level period ranges from 10:00 am to 1:00 pm at a level of approximately 24,000 kW, reflecting the increasing wind speed during that time. The wind speed continues to increase after 1:00 pm and continues to blow at a very high level, so the fifth constant level period is set to 35,000 kW, reaching 9 hours from 1:00 pm to 10:00 pm . This is the longest period in which the power level is constant during the day, at which point the output level of power to the grid and hence the amount produced is predictable and stable.

  What happens at the end of the day towards midnight, however, is that the wind speed begins to drop dramatically. Thus, the last two hours of the day are further broken down into two constant power level periods, starting at a level of approximately 32,000 kW from 10:00 pm to 11:00 pm, and then from 11:00 pm to midnight It drops to about 10,000 kW. When taking into account the violent fluctuations and swaying that happened during the day, it is certainly more advantageous to create fewer constant level periods during each day, whereas the system needs to have the advantages discussed above. More frequent adjustments are needed to provide the degree of predictability and stability that will be. By using the present invention, there are more periods on this day than on November 1, but it is possible to further predict the amount of power that will be delivered to the grid during a certain period of the day. Can and is also more constant.

  The second chart in FIG. 8a shows the net energy being supplied to storage during the day (shown by the gray line). At the same time, this has 40% of the power from the windmill station installed in the storage, whereas the constant extraction from the storage in the ratio required to maintain the overall power output level is relatively constant Based on that. Also, the amount stored is based on the accumulation of various conditions that exist throughout the day, including the occurrence of the three scenarios described above.

  From the second chart in FIG. 8a, it can be seen that the supply of energy to the storage varies over the course of the day from a relatively small amount in the morning to a relatively large amount in the afternoon. While a greater amount of power is brought into the grid in the afternoon time, the immediate use station generates most of that power. Thus, it can be seen that a significant amount of energy, i.e. 35,000 kW, is supplied to the grid simultaneously, but a significant amount of energy is being brought into storage during the afternoon hours.

  The upper chart in FIG. 8b shows the stored energy accumulation increasing substantially over time during the day.

  This is due to a significant amount of energy being introduced into the storage, as shown in the lower chart of FIG. 8a. The upper chart in FIG. 8b shows a curve running from approximately 10,000 kW to approximately 70,000 kW for a 24-hour course.

  Similarly, the chart below shows that a contribution is made to the overall energy based on the nature of temperature and pressure level increase in storage. It can be seen that excessive accumulation of pressure above 600 psig occurred around 1:00 pm, despite the following scheduled settings, so that the pressure never exceeds 600 psig and never falls below 100 psig. Also shown are severe fluctuations in the amount of storage pressure, one of the reasons why seven different constant power level periods had to be scheduled for the day.

  FIG. 9a shows the supply schedule created for the 24 hours of the day based on the wind history that occurred on November 6, 1996. This chart represents a supply schedule in which 50% of the total wind power is supplied from the immediate use station to the grid and 50% of the power is processed through storage. Since the wind speed curves on this day were quite diverse, this supply schedule required to keep the storage pressure between 100 psig and 600 psig was discussed below to provide six different constant power output periods. Was created.

  On this day, the amount of power that had been stored from the previous day was relatively high as indicated above. And the wind speed was relatively high during early morning hours, and remained high throughout the morning and until early afternoon, when it began to drop slightly. Therefore, with a gradual increase in several constant power output periods extending from midnight before the evening to around 2:00 pm, a considerable amount of time between late morning and early afternoon The supply schedule indicates that power is being supplied to the grid. For example, three constant level periods were performed, including one from midnight to 3:00 am, where the energy delivered was approximately 14,000 kW. In the other two periods, one ranged from 3:00 am to 6:00 am with approximately 27,000 kW of energy being supplied. And the other ranged from 6:00 am to 2:00 am with approximately 36,000 kW of energy being supplied during that period.

  When the wind speed begins to drop, however, the amount of power that is to be supplied is also dropping. The energy supplied from 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm is approximately 18,000 kW, the energy supplied from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm is approximately 13,000 kW, and the last is 4 pm Three additional constant level periods were experienced, including approximately 10,000 kW of energy being supplied from 0:00 to midnight. During this day, the schedule required six constant power level periods, while two of the periods lasted for 8 hours each. And it provided an extended period of 16 hours where the power level was constant during the extended time zone.

  The second chart in FIG. 9a shows the net energy being supplied to the storage during the day (indicated by a gray line). And it is based on having 50% of the power introduced into the storage from the windmill station. When the wind speed is fast, it starts with a relatively high level of energy supplied in the morning and becomes a relatively low level of energy supplied to the storage during the afternoon and evening hours when the wind speed begins to decline, so the energy to the storage It can be seen that the supply of fluctuates in the course of one day. In this case, most of the power supplied to the grid during the morning was generated by the immediate use station, but the substantial amount of power, as shown by the two curves in the upper chart of FIG. Had been supplied through storage.

  The upper chart in FIG. 9b shows the stored energy accumulation increasing steadily over time during the day. This is due to the considerable amount of energy introduced into the storage, especially during the morning, as shown in the lower chart of FIG. 9a. The upper chart in FIG. 9b shows a curve that runs from approximately 0 kW to approximately 90,000 kW for a 24-hour course. Moreover, the chart below shows that the contribution made to the overall energy from substantially varying temperatures and pressures increases.

  As can be seen in the lower charts of FIG. 8a and FIG. 9a, the pressure curve fluctuated considerably between the 5th and 6th November 1996. These pressure curves are important because they show how important it is to change the level of a constant level output period in order to occasionally check pressures that do not fall below 100 psig and do not exceed 600 psig . As shown, the curves in some cases on November 6 were performed above the 600 psig level. In some situations, such as when the temperature level exceeds 70 degrees Fahrenheit, the system must be designed to be an appropriate storage facility to ensure that higher pressures are handled by the system, Increasing to 800 psig may be allowed.

  FIG. 10 shows how the supply schedule was performed using some predetermined immediate use, energy storage, and hybrid stations on the days during the period. Every day, all of the windmill stations were active, but at any given time the ratio between station types was adjusted based on how many hybrid stations were set up for immediate use and energy storage. . For example, on November 1, in the total number of wind turbines including 43 immediate use wind turbines (including 24 immediate use stations and 19 hybrid stations converted to immediate use) and 6 energy storage stations Used. This accounted for the 87% to 13% ratio described above.

  The ratio for November 5 is 30 immediate use wind turbines (including 24 immediate use stations and 6 hybrid stations converted to immediate use) and 19 energy storage wind turbine stations (6 energy storage stations). And 13 hybrid stations converted to energy storage). This accounted for the 60% to 40% ratio described above.

  The ratio for November 6 is that there are 25 immediate use wind turbines (including 24 immediate use stations and one hybrid station converted to immediate use) and 24 energy storage wind turbine stations (6 energy storage stations). Station and 18 hybrid stations converted to energy storage). This accounted for the 50% to 50% ratio described above.

  The chart also shows that the number of storage tanks needed at any time depends on the number of active energy storage stations. The chart also shows that for a course of 20 years, the cost of energy generated by these three different supply schedules remains relatively constant, ie approximately $ 0.033 per kWh. ing.

1 shows a process diagram of a dedicated horizontal axis wind turbine system that generates energy for immediate use. FIG. 2 shows a process diagram of a dedicated horizontal axis wind turbine system modified to store energy in a compressed air energy system. 1 shows a process diagram of a hybrid horizontal axis wind turbine system for generating electricity between immediate use and energy storage. 2 shows an embodiment of a pressure release valve system. The monthly frequency distribution map of the wind in November 1996 in Kansas is shown. Shown are six daily wind histories in the same Kansas region during the period from 1 November to 6 November 1996. A comparison between the Nordex N50 / 800 and the computer model is shown. Includes two charts showing two supply schedule possibilities (capabilities) for November 1, 1996. Includes two charts showing the ratio 87/13 between immediate use and energy storage. Both charts compare the constant power period on November 1, 1996 with the wind / power availability curve, comparing the constant power period with the amount of power supplied to the storage. Is the chart below. Includes two charts. Both charts show the amount of energy stored over time on the same November 1, 1996, and the chart below shows the pressure and temperature curves during storage. Includes two charts showing the ratio 60/40 between immediate use and energy storage at the same location on November 5, 1996. The upper chart compares the constant power period with the wind / power availability curve, and the lower chart compares the constant power period with the amount of power supplied to the storage. Includes two charts for November 5, 1996. The upper chart shows the amount of energy stored with time, and the lower chart shows the pressure and temperature curves during storage. Includes two charts showing the ratio 50/50 between immediate use and energy storage at the same location on November 6, 1996. The upper chart compares the constant power period with the wind / power availability curve, and the lower chart compares the constant power period with the amount of power supplied to the storage. Includes two charts for November 6, 1996. The upper chart shows the amount of energy stored with time, and the lower chart shows the pressure and temperature curves during storage. Chart showing the number of immediate use and energy storage windmill stations that were active based on hybrid station settings, and a three-day daily supply schedule including the storage tank used and the cost to generate electricity each day It is.

Claims (20)

A method for adjusting and stabilizing the delivery of wind power,
A wind farm having a plurality of windmill stations is used, the wind farm from a predetermined number of multiple immediate use stations, a plurality of energy storage stations, and a plurality of hybrid stations to provide wind power. Become;
Predict or obtain a wind speed forecast for the upcoming period on the wind farm;
Using a plurality of the forecasts to predict the wind speed situation and the resulting plurality of wind availability levels for the coming period;
Multiple wind speeds and wind utilizations in the coming period to utilize energy from both the multiple immediate use stations and the multiple energy storage stations, and when needed, from the multiple hybrid stations. Prepare an energy delivery schedule based on multiple predictions about possible levels;
Reduce the number of multiple constant power output periods in the coming period while the multiple time energy delivery levels remain substantially constant, regardless of fluctuations and vibrations within multiple wind speeds and wind availability levels A method for adjusting and stabilizing the delivery of wind power, characterized in that the delivery schedule is set to be used.   The method of claim 1, wherein the upcoming period is the next 24 hour period.   The method of claim 1, wherein a constant power output period not exceeding seven is set during any given 24 hour period.   Use the hybrid station to determine the ratio of the number of ready-to-use stations and energy storage wind turbine stations that should be in operation during the coming period, and to supplement the number of these stations that should be in operation if necessary The method according to claim 1.   The delivery schedule is designed or set to be set based on the plurality of forecasts so that the storage pressure does not exceed 600 psig or fall below 100 psig at any given time. The method of claim 1.   The plurality of immediate use stations are provided to directly supply electrical energy to the power grid, the plurality of energy storage stations are provided to provide compressed air energy to the storage, and the electrical energy is directly supplied. The plurality of hybrid stations are provided to switch between being an immediate use station for supply and being an energy storage station for providing compressed air energy to storage. the method of.   The delivery schedule ensures that wind power is available at multiple constant power output levels even when the multiple wind available levels are below the power demand required by the grid. In order to maintain a predetermined amount of stored power that can be used, the amount of energy that can be supplied directly from the immediate use station, the amount of energy that can be provided from storage from the energy storage station, 7. The method of claim 6, taking into account the amount of power expected to be drawn.   The delivery schedule includes the amount of stored compressed air energy from a plurality of energy storage stations and all hybrid stations that are set to energy storage mode at the end of the upcoming period, and the stored compressed air energy at the beginning of the upcoming period. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is set to be equal to or greater than the quantity.   The delivery schedule is used when the wind power available for storage is equal to the demand for wind power outside the storage, when the wind power available for storage is greater than the demand for wind power outside the storage, and used for the storage The method of claim 1 taking into account when the available wind power is less than the demand for wind power outside the storage. A method for adjusting and stabilizing the delivery of wind power,
Using a plurality of windmill stations including at least one generator for direct power generation and at least one compressor for storing compressed air in storage;
Predict or obtain wind speed forecasts for the coming period;
Using a plurality of the forecasts to predict the wind speed situation and the resulting plurality of wind availability levels for the coming period;
Providing an energy delivery schedule that utilizes energy from the plurality of generators and stored compressed air energy based on the wind speed for the coming period and the plurality of forecasts for a plurality of available wind levels;
Decrease the number of multiple constant power output periods in the coming period, while the multiple time energy delivery levels remain substantially constant, regardless of fluctuations and vibrations within the wind speed and wind availability level. A method for adjusting and stabilizing the delivery of wind power, characterized by using the delivery schedule to set   The method of claim 10, wherein the upcoming period is the next 24 hour period.   11. The method of claim 10, wherein a constant power output period of no more than 7 is set during any given 24 hour period.   11. The method of claim 10, comprising determining a ratio of the number of immediate use stations and energy storage wind turbine stations that should be in operation during the coming period.   14. The method of claim 13, wherein a predetermined number of hybrid stations are provided that can be switched between immediate use and energy storage and set to a predetermined number of ratios.   11. The method of claim 10, wherein the delivery schedule is set to take into account that the amount of stored pressure should not exceed 600 psig or fall below 100 psig at any given time.   The plurality of immediate use stations are provided to directly supply electrical energy to the power grid, the plurality of energy storage stations are provided to provide compressed air energy to the storage, and the delivery schedule 14. The method of claim 13, taking into account the amount of energy that can be supplied directly from the immediate use station and the amount of energy that can be supplied to storage from the energy storage station.   The delivery schedule ensures that wind power is available at multiple constant power output levels even when the multiple wind available levels are below the power demand required by the grid. 17. The amount of power expected to be used and withdrawn by the grid from the immediate use and energy storage station so that a predetermined amount of stored power that can be maintained is taken into account. Method.   18. The delivery schedule according to claim 17, wherein the delivery schedule is set such that the amount of stored compressed air energy at the end of the upcoming period is equal to or greater than the amount of stored compressed air energy at the beginning of the upcoming period. Method.   The delivery schedule is used when the wind power available for storage is equal to the demand for wind power outside the storage, when the wind power available for storage is greater than the demand for wind power outside the storage, and used for the storage 19. A method according to claim 18, taking into account when the available wind power is less than the demand for wind power outside the storage.   The predetermined number of ratios is determined and set for the upcoming period based on a forecast indicating that there is less or more change in wind speed during the upcoming period, and more when the change in wind speed is less 15. The method of claim 14, wherein more energy storage stations are required when more immediate use stations are required and there are more changes in wind speed.

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