JP2007151651A - Fundus camera - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fundus camera capable of observing and photographing the opacity and pigmentation of an intermediate translucent body (cornea, anterior chamber, crystalline lens, vitreous body, etc.) of an eye to be examined.
A control device 9 is configured to focus on the fundus oculi Ef of an eye E during alignment in a fundus imaging mode. Also, when the transillumination mode is selected by the mode switching button 202 while being focused on the fundus oculi Ef, or when the imaging means (imaging devices 6a and 6b) is focused on the fundus oculi Ef in the transillumination imaging mode. Then, the operation control of the first drive means 21a is stopped, the operation control of the second and third drive means (91, 201) is performed, and the correction lens 90 and the slit plate 200 are inserted into the light receiving optical path and the illumination optical path, respectively. The slit illumination light beam that passes through the slit of the slit plate 200 is projected onto the fundus oculi Ef through the edge of the pupil Ep of the eye E.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a fundus camera that photographs the fundus of a subject's eye.

In this type of fundus camera, an illumination optical system that projects an illumination light beam onto the fundus of the eye to be examined, an observation optical system that guides reflected light from the fundus to a first imaging means, and second reflected light from the fundus In general, a photographing optical system that leads to the photographing means is provided (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
JP 2000-262478 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-66032

  With such a fundus camera, the fundus can be photographed, but the opacity and pigmentation of the intermediate translucent body (cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous body, etc.) of the eye to be examined cannot be observed and photographed.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fundus camera capable of observing and photographing the opacity and pigmentation of an intermediate translucent body (cornea, anterior chamber, crystalline lens, vitreous body, etc.) of an eye to be examined. is there.

  In order to achieve this object, a fundus camera of the present invention includes an illumination optical system that projects an illumination light beam onto a subject's eye, a light receiving optical system that has a focusing lens and guides reflected light from the fundus of the subject's eye to an imaging unit. System, a correction lens for observing the anterior ocular segment that can be inserted into and removed from the light receiving optical path of the light receiving optical system, and a lens conjugate with the anterior ocular segment of the eye to be examined in the illumination optical path of the illumination optical system. Slit plate, first driving means for driving the focusing lens, second driving means for inserting and removing the correction lens with respect to the light receiving optical path, and the slit plate with respect to the illumination optical path. Third driving means for driving in a direction perpendicular to the display, mode selection means for selecting the fundus photographing mode and transillumination photographing mode, and control means for controlling the operation of the first, second, and third driving means are provided. Yes. In addition, the control means operates to move the focusing lens in the direction of the optical axis of the light receiving optical path by controlling the operation of the first driving means based on the imaging signal from the imaging means during alignment in the fundus imaging mode. Then, the photographing means is focused on the fundus of the eye to be examined by the focusing lens. The control means may be configured such that the photographing mode is selected by the mode selection means while the photographing means is focused on the fundus, or the photographing means is focused on the fundus in the transillumination mode. When this is done, the operation control of the first driving means is stopped, the second and third driving means are controlled, and the correction lens and the slit plate are inserted into the light receiving optical path and the illumination optical path, respectively. The slit illumination light beam that passes through the slit of the slit plate is projected onto the fundus through the edge of the pupil of the eye to be examined.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to observe and photograph the opacity and pigmentation of the intermediate translucent body (cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous body, etc.) of the eye to be examined.

[Constitution]
FIG. 1 is an external view of a non-mydriatic type fundus camera as an example of an ophthalmologic photographing apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1A is a base, 1B is a base, 1C is an apparatus body, 2 is a chin rest, 3 is a forehead support, 4 is an external fixation lamp, 5A is a joystick, 5B is a photographing switch, and 5C is a top surface of the base 1B. The operation panel 5D is a focusing handle, and 6 is a television camera.

 The ophthalmologic photographing apparatus is operated by a joystick 5A, a photographing switch 5B, various buttons or switches on the operation panel 5C, a focusing handle 5D, and an operation from a monitor screen 80 by a mouse (not shown). It can be operated. Hereinafter, these operations are collectively referred to as operation means 5.

  The TV camera 6 includes a shooting TV camera 6A and an observation TV camera 6B. The shooting TV camera 6A is connected to a monitor 8 via a still video recorder 7 as an image recording device, and is connected to a control device ( Control means 9 such as a control circuit). The observation television camera 6B is connected to the monitor 8 through the control device 9.

On the other hand, in the apparatus main body 1C, as shown in FIG. 2, an illumination optical system 10 for illuminating the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E, a photographing optical system 20 for photographing the fundus oculi Ef, and an observation for observing the fundus oculi Ef An optical system 30, an alignment optical system 40 for aligning the apparatus main body 1C with the eye E, and an internal fixation target projection optics for projecting a fixation target on the fundus oculi Ef to fixate the eye E System 50.
<Illumination optical system 10>
The illumination optical system 10 is an optical system that illuminates the fundus oculi Ef with infrared light at the time of observation and illuminates the fundus oculi Ef with visible light at the time of imaging. The objective lens 11, the aperture mirror 12, and the relay lenses 13 and 13 a. A reflection mirror 14, a relay lens 15, a ring aperture plate 16 having a ring aperture 16A maintained in a conjugate relationship with the pupil Ea of the eye E, a xenon lamp 17a as an imaging light source, and an IR filter (infrared) Filter) 18, condenser lens 19, and halogen lamp 17b as an observation illumination light source. Further, when the distance W between the eye E and the objective lens 11 is arranged at an appropriate working distance, the perforated mirror 12 is arranged at a position conjugate with the cornea C of the eye E.

  In the optical path of the illumination optical system 10, a bar mirror (target bar) 190a constituting a part of the focus index projection optical system 190 is detachably disposed at a position optically conjugate with the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E to be examined. It is installed.

  The focus index projection optical system 190 includes a target projection light source 190b, a pinhole plate 190c, a lens 190d, a prism 190e, a focus index plate 190f, a two-hole aperture plate 190g, and a lens 190h in this order. The target light from the target projection light source 190b is converted into a bar mirror (target bar) via a pinhole plate 190c, a lens 190d, a prism 190e, a focus indicator plate 190f, a two-hole aperture plate 190g, and a lens 190h. The light is projected onto the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E through the reflection surface 190a1, the relay lens 13, the perforated mirror 12, and the objective lens 11 of 190a.

  The reflecting surface of the bar mirror (target bar) 190a and the focus indicator plate 190f are conjugate. Further, the bar mirror 190a is provided in a drive means such as a pulse motor (drive motor) or a solenoid so that it can be inserted into and removed from the illumination optical path of the illumination optical system 10 as indicated by an arrow A0 in FIG.

  Moreover, the focus index light beam is separated into two by the action of the prism 190e, the two-hole aperture plate 190g, etc., and the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E to be examined and the reflecting surface of the bar mirror (target bar) 190a are conjugated. Otherwise, as shown in FIG. 12, the focus index images 191a and 191b appear to be separated into two on the left and right.

  Therefore, the examiner can easily focus by setting the focus index images 191a and 191b separated into two as shown in FIG.

  Further, the focus index projection optical system 190 is interlocked with a focusing lens 21 (described later) of the observation optical system 30 and the imaging optical system 20 so that the focus index plate 190f and the fundus oculi Ef are always optically conjugate. As indicated by the arrow A1 in FIG. 2, the illumination optical system 10 moves in the optical axis direction.

  As described above, when the focus index projection optical system 190 is not conjugated with the focus index (not shown) of the fundus oculi Ef and the focus index plate 190f, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 12, a focus index image 191a is obtained. , 191b appear to be separated into left and right, and when the fundus oculi Ef and the focus index (not shown) of the focus index plate 190f are conjugated, the focus index images 191a, 191b are vertically aligned as shown in FIG. It is configured so that it can be easily focused in one.

  As a result, index images 191a and 191b based on the focus index projection optical system 190 are displayed on the monitor screen 80, and when the index images 191a and 191b coincide with each other, it is determined that they are in focus and shooting is possible. Become. The examiner can adjust the focus while viewing the index images 191a and 191b.

Further, in the middle of the illumination optical path of the illumination optical system 10, it is positioned between the relay lens 13a and the reflection mirror 14 as shown by an arrow A2 in FIG. 2, and is driven by a drive motor (drive means) 201 such as a pulse motor. A slit plate 200 is detachably provided. Reference numeral 200 a denotes a slit of the slit plate 200.
<Photographing optical system 20>
The photographing optical system (light receiving optical system) 20 is an optical system for photographing the fundus oculi Ef illuminated by the illumination optical system as a still image, and includes an objective lens 11, a perforated mirror 12, a focusing lens 21, and a connection lens. The imaging lens 22, the reflection mirror 23, the field lens 24, the reflection mirror 25, the relay lens 26, and the photographic television camera 6 </ b> A are included. It is maintained in an optically conjugate relationship with Ef. The focusing lens 21 is driven to advance and retreat in the optical axis direction of the observation and photographing optical path by a driving means 21a such as a pulse motor.

  Note that a gear interlocking mechanism using gears may be used as the interlocking mechanism of the focus index projection optical system 190 and the focusing lens 21. Further, the focus index projection optical system 190 is provided so as to be able to advance and retract in the optical axis direction of the illumination optical system 10 by a drive motor (drive means) (not shown), and the drive motor and the focusing lens 21 are driven to advance and retract in the optical axis direction. It is also possible to connect the driving means 21a.

  A correction lens (auxiliary lens) 90 is inserted into and removed from a photographing optical path of the photographing optical system 20 by a driving means 91 such as a pulse motor or a solenoid, which is positioned between a half mirror 46 and a focusing lens 21 described later. It is provided as possible.

  The correction lens 90 is inserted into the photographing optical path from a state in which the fundus oculi Ef and the imaging device (CCD) 6b of the observation television camera 6B are conjugated via the focusing lens 21, and the apparatus main body 1c, that is, the objective. When the alignment of the lens 11 with respect to the eye E is completed and the working distance W between the objective lens 11 and the eye E is appropriate, the imaging device 6b of the observation television camera 6B is conjugated with the crystalline lens Es of the eye E. To be. At this time, the imaging device (CCD) 6a of the photographic television camera 6A is also conjugated to the crystalline lens Es of the eye E.

Note that the slit plate 200 described above is inserted between the relay lens 13a and the reflection mirror 14 as shown in FIG. 2A, and the correction lens 90 is inserted in the photographing optical path, so that the image pickup device of the observation television camera 6B is used. The slit plate 200 is set to be conjugated with the crystalline lens Es of the eye E when 6b is conjugated with the crystalline lens Es of the eye E via the correction lens 90 and the focusing lens 21.
<Observation optical system 30>
The observation optical system (light receiving optical system) 30 is an optical system for observing the fundus oculi Ef illuminated by the illumination optical system 10, and is branched from the middle of the optical path of the photographing optical system 20 by the quick return mirror 33. It is configured. Moreover, the observation optical system 30 includes a reflection mirror 35, a relay lens 36, and an observation television camera 6B. The imaging device 6b of the observation television camera 6B is disposed at a position optically conjugate with the imaging device 6a of the imaging television camera 6A with respect to the quick return mirror 33.
<Alignment index projection means 40>
This alignment index projecting means 40 is for projecting the alignment index toward the eye to be examined. The LED 41 as an alignment light source, the light guide 42 for guiding the light emitted from the LED 41, and the light emitted from the light guide 42 are reflected. A reflecting mirror 44 guided to the two-hole aperture 43, a relay lens 45, a half mirror 46 for branching from the photographing optical system 20, a perforated mirror 12, and an objective lens 11.

  The two-hole aperture 43 is disposed close to the relay lens 45. As shown in FIG. 4, a two-hole aperture 430 for designating the center position of the fundus oculi Ef, and a two-hole aperture 430 for designating the peripheral position of the fundus oculi Ef Is switched and inserted into the optical path by a switching operation of the two-hole aperture switching means 47 by a solenoid (not shown).

  Each of the two-hole diaphragms 430 (or 431) has a pair of hole portions 43a and 43b formed at symmetrical positions with respect to the optical axis O1, and the hole portions 43a and 43b of the two-hole diaphragm 431 for the peripheral portion are formed on the fundus oculi. It is slightly separated from the optical axis 01 in order to align the designated position of the peripheral part. Thereby, the separation distance between the middle part of the fundus oculi Ef and the peripheral part is set. Further, the two-hole aperture 431 for designating the peripheral position can be rotated in the direction of a double arrow about the optical axis 01 while being inserted in the optical path.

  The alignment index projection means 40 designates only the declination direction while keeping the equidistance from the center of the fundus oculi Ef by designating the rotation angle θ for rotating the two-hole aperture 431, and directs the alignment index toward the eye E to be examined. Can be projected. In this embodiment, the rotation angle θ is set so as to be rotated in units of 45 degrees. However, the rotation angle (setting angle) θ is freely set corresponding to the position of the fixation light source described later. Is possible.

  The half mirror 46 has a transmission characteristic T that transmits about 100% of the light beam having a wavelength of 760 nm and transmits almost 100% of the light beam in the other wavelength region, and the amount of the reflected light beam from the fundus oculi Ef is the half mirror 46. It is suppressed that it falls by existence of.

  The LED 41 has a characteristic of emitting near infrared light having a center wavelength of 760 nm. The exit end 42a of the light guide 42 is disposed so as to be positioned on the optical axis O1 of the relay lens 45 (the optical axis O of the photographing optical system 20). The two-hole aperture 43 is an optical means for separating and projecting the alignment image 421 based on the alignment light beam onto the eye E when the working distance W deviates from an appropriate position.

The alignment beam emitted from the exit end 42 a of the light guide 42 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 44 and guided to the two-hole aperture 43, and the alignment beam passing through the holes 43 a and 43 b of the two-hole aperture 43 is guided to the relay lens 45. It is burned. The alignment light flux that has passed through the relay lens 45 is reflected by the half mirror 46 toward the perforated mirror 12. The relay lens 45 temporarily forms an intermediate image at the exit end (alignment index) 42a of the light guide 42 at the central position X (the position on the optical axis O1 of the photographing optical system 20) X of the hole 12a of the perforated mirror 12. A pair of alignment light beams forming an alignment index formed at the central position X of the hole 12a is guided to the cornea C of the eye E through the objective lens 11.
<Fixation target projection optical system 50>
An internal fixation target projection optical system 50 is arranged by being branched by a dichroic mirror 53 having a characteristic of transmitting infrared light and reflecting visible light from the middle of the optical path of the observation optical system 30. The fixation target projection optical system 50 is an optical system that projects a fixation target for guiding to the central portion (so-called posterior pole portion) of the eye E and its peripheral portion, and a fixation light source 51 such as a light emitting diode. A mask plate 52 provided opposite to the fixation light source 51, and a dichroic mirror 53.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the fixation light source 51 includes a fixation light source 510 disposed in the center, and eight fixation light sources disposed at equal intervals on a circumference centered on the fixation light source 510. 511-518. The central fixation light source 510 is for observation / photographing centered on the macular region of the fundus oculi Ef, and the fixation light sources 510R and 510L are ranges determined by the “Elderly Health Law” according to the right and left of the eye E to be examined. It is for shooting. The peripheral fixation light sources 511 to 518 are for observation and photographing of the fundus oculi Ef, and the mask plate 52 faces the fixation light sources 510 (510R and 510L) to 518 as shown in FIG. Pinholes 520 (520R, 520L) to 528 are provided. The two-hole aperture 431 is rotated in conjunction with the lighting of the fixation light source 51.

  The light from the fixation light source 51 (510 to 518) passes through the pinholes 520 to 528 of the mask plate 52 and passes through the half mirror 53, the imaging lens 22, the focusing lens 21, and the objective lens 11, and the fundus oculi Ef. A pinhole image is projected as a fixation target. As a result, a pinhole image is formed on the fundus oculi Ef, and a fixation target is presented to the eye E to be examined. The subject fixes the fixation by visually recognizing the fixation target.

  Depending on whether one of the fixation light sources 510 and 511 to 518 is turned on, the fixation direction of the subject with respect to the optical axis O of the imaging optical system 20 is switched, and thereby the region of the fundus oculi Ef to be observed and imaged is determined. Can be changed. The fixation light source 51 can be freely set in terms of the number and arrangement of fixation targets, such as a line such as a cross, vertical and horizontal lines, a triangle, a pentagon, and a regular hexagon.

For example, when the fixation light sources 510 to 518 are sequentially turned on, that is, when eight (octagonal) fixation light sources (511 to 518) are turned on around the fixation light source 510, The two-hole aperture 431 is rotated in units of 45 degrees. Further, when the fixation light source 51 is turned on in a cross, the two-hole aperture 431 is rotated in units of 90 degrees, and when one line (for example, the fixation light sources 510, 513, and 517) is turned on, the two holes. The diaphragm 431 is rotated in units of 180 degrees.
<Monitor screen 80>
The alignment image reference position mark is displayed on the monitor screen 80 in conjunction with the lighting of the fixation light source 51 (510 to 518). That is, FIG. 10 shows the alignment image reference position mark 54 (540) that is linked to the central fixation light source 510 among the fixation light sources 51 (510 to 518). In addition, illustration of the alignment image reference | standard position mark interlock | cooperated with the peripheral fixation light sources 511-518 among the fixation light sources 51 (510-518) is abbreviate | omitted.

  In addition, the alignment reference position mark indicating the periphery forms an alignment index image that deviates from the photographing optical axis O because the cornea vertex Cf deviates from the photographing optical axis O when photographing the periphery of the fundus. The position is suggested to the examiner in advance. Thus, the examiner can easily adjust the alignment even when photographing the peripheral portion. Therefore, the alignment reference position mark 54 is monitored in response to switching of the fixation target presentation position by the presentation position changing means (fixation target position selection means operated by a display frame 61 or buttons 76 to 78 described later). The display position on the screen 80 is switched.

  This presentation position changing means (control of the lighting positions of the fixation light sources 510 to 518) may be anywhere, but in this embodiment, the operation of the monitor screen 80 at the time of observation and photographing or on the operation panel Depending on the operation.

  On the monitor screen 80, as shown in FIG. 3, a portion to be imaged as a portion of the entire fundus oculi Ef is displayed as a fundus image Er at the center of the screen. This fundus oculi image Er is a moving image or a still image. In FIG. 3, it is assumed that the eye E (left eye) is fixing the fixation light source 510L designated by the “Geriatric Health Law”, and the monitor screen 80 has an image corresponding to the central portion (rear pole portion). A site to be displayed is displayed as a fundus image Er0 as a moving image. Note that the fixation light source 510L and the fixation light source 510R may be simply described as the fixation light source 510 in the following description.

  In addition, on the monitor screen 80, a portion of the monitor screen 80, for example, the lower left, a portion under observation (or a photographing portion) as a portion with respect to the entire fundus Ef is displayed together with the moving image displayed as the fundus oculi image Er. A display frame (also used as an imaging direction instruction means) 61, a luminance information frame of an illumination light source (also used as a brightness adjustment virtual slide knob) 62, an information frame 63 relating to the amount of imaging light, patient information, and the like are appropriately arranged. The arrangement can be changed at the initial setting of the ophthalmologic photographing apparatus or at an arbitrary stage.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the display frame 61 includes nine cells 610 to 618, and the center cell 610 corresponds to the center fixation light source 510 (or 510R, 510L), and is above (12 on the clock). The grid 611 in the (time direction) corresponds to the fixation light source 511, the grid 612 in the upper right (1:30 in the clock direction) corresponds to the fixation light source 512, and the grid 613 in the right (3 o'clock in the clock) This corresponds to the light source 513. Similarly, the cells 61... Correspond to the fixation light source 51. The upper left (10:30 on the clock) cell 618 corresponds to the fixation light source 618. The examiner can select the display position of the fixation target, that is, the position of the region to be imaged with respect to the entire fundus oculi Ef by selecting each of the cells 610 to 618 in the display frame 61 by operating the mouse or the like. it can. Note that a schematic diagram (recognition pattern) schematically representing the pattern of the fundus oculi Ef may be drawn on the display frame 61.

  In the panoramic imaging, the display frame 61 is preferably configured to visually distinguish a site that has been shot, a site that is about to be shot, and a site that has not been shot yet. In this distinction, the luminance or saturation may be changed, and the luminance or saturation of the part to be photographed may be higher or lower than the other parts. Alternatively, it may be configured such that a part to be photographed blinks (blinks) and can be visually recognized as compared with other parts.

  In FIG. 7, the imaged region 61A is indicated by a hatched portion indicating “white or white”, and the region 61B to be imaged is indicated by a horizontal line portion indicating “flashing” and is still imaged. The part 61C that has not been identified is marked as no mark representing "low brightness or black". In each of the cells 610 to 618, the number of still images taken at each part is represented by “Arabic numerals” (1, 2,...).

  The central cell 610 may be displayed as “c” in the case of the center of the optical axis, and “R” and “L” in accordance with the left and right eyes of the eye E to be examined in the “Geriatric Health Law” designated position. .

  As a result, the part to be imaged at present is the blinking (horizontal line) cell 613 (61B), and this cell 613 indicates that one image has already been captured. Further, since the cells 610, 611, and 612 (61A) are white or white (shaded lines), it indicates that the number of still images that have been indicated by numbers has already been completed, and the cells 614 to 618 have low luminance. Or, it is black (no mark), indicating that it has not been shot yet.

  In this way, by displaying the region 61B that is currently being imaged, the region 61C that has not yet been imaged, and the region 61A that has already been imaged as a part of the entire panoramic image that is the target, The examiner (photographer) understands at a glance which part is being photographed (or observed) as a panoramic image and which part is to be photographed.

The operation on the display frame 61 is performed by clicking on the cells 610 to 618 with the mouse to turn on the corresponding fixation light sources 510 to 518 (positions to be observed or photographed). Can be executed by fixing. The lighting position of the fixation light source (or the position to be photographed / observed) can also be operated by an operation panel. Details thereof will be described later together with the description of the operation panel.
<Control device 9>
Next, the connection relationship of the control device 9 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The control device 9 includes a calculation unit such as a personal computer and a storage unit, and may be incorporated in the ophthalmologic photographing apparatus main body or linked to a control device such as an external personal computer. The control device 9 is connected to a monitor 8, a still video recorder 7, a photographing television camera 6A, and an observation television camera 6B.

  In this example, the monitor 8 is built in the main body, but may be used together with an external monitor at the same time, and this external monitor may be connected to an external personal computer (a part of the control device 9).

  Further, the control device 9 may be connected to various operation means 5 and operated according to a predetermined program according to instructions from the respective operation means 5.

  Examples of the operation means 5 include a joystick 5A, a photographing switch 5B, an operation panel 5C, a focusing handle 5D, a mouse (not shown), other power supplies, and operation switches.

  Although it is connected to various alignment detection / correction circuits in the xyz direction, a focus detection circuit, their control circuit, a drive circuit, etc., details thereof are omitted. Further, the control device 9 drives and controls the drive means 21a, the drive means 91, the drive means 190a2, and the drive motor 201.

  The control device 9 controls the still video recorder 7 and the monitor 8 according to a preset program in accordance with various input signals from these operating means.

  For example, the ophthalmologic photographing apparatus according to the present invention includes a fixation direction instruction unit that controls the lighting position of the fixation light source 54 as the photographing direction instruction unit 100, and the fixation direction instruction unit includes 2 as described above. Control is performed in conjunction with rotation control of the aperture stop 431, selection means for the alignment reference position mark 54, and the like.

  Further, the photographing direction instruction means 100 (fixation direction instruction means) is symmetrical in the left-right direction with respect to the photographing instruction direction (presentation position of the fixation target) by the fixation target presentation direction switching means as the photographing direction switching means 110. It is switched as follows.

  In an ophthalmologic photographing apparatus having an image switching means for switching and displaying an image on the monitor screen 80 so as to be symmetrical, the photographing direction switching means 110 sets the image display direction of the image switching means to the left and right. Image direction switching means for switching symmetrically may be used.

  Such switching of the shooting direction can be performed via the control device 9, and the fixation direction instruction means and the image direction instruction means are switched by the electric switching means so that the shooting direction is symmetrical. Also good. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, for convenience, all the instruction means are connected to the control device 9, and each drive means is controlled by an instruction from the control device 9.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the operation panel 5 </ b> C includes a left operation panel 70 and a right operation panel 75 centered on the joystick 5 </ b> A. The left operation panel 70 includes a pair of buttons 71 that move the chin rest 2 up and down. 71, up arrow (with human mark), menu button 72 with menu mark (M mark), lightning mark and selection buttons 72L, 72M, 72H with L, M, H mark, sun mark Light amount adjustment buttons 73+ and 73− for the illumination light source.

  On the other hand, at the center of the right operation panel 75, there are arranged three buttons for selecting a position to be photographed (a photographing direction instruction means and a photographing direction switching means). A center button 76 is a button (corresponding to the fixation target 510) for returning the fixation target to the center (central portion), and a button 77 with a left arrow moves the fixation target presentation position to the left. A button 78 with a right arrow is a button for moving the fixation target presentation position to the right (clockwise). The fixation target may be returned from the position 510R to 510L of the “Geriatric Health Law” with the center button 76. Reference numeral 79 denotes a switch for fluorescent photographing such as a fluorescent timer. Further, a mode switching button (mode selection means) 202 for performing switching selection between the fundus photographing mode and the transillumination photographing mode is provided at the lower part of the right operation panel 75.

  In the case of panoramic photography or the like, the operation buttons 76 to 78 may be provided with a function of sequentially moving the fixation target by a previously programmed method. For example, these operation buttons 76 to 78 function as panorama mode selection buttons, and after shooting at the center is completed by the button 76, the buttons 77 or 78 are pressed to switch to shooting of the peripheral portion. A two-hole aperture 431 for partial photographing is inserted, and photographing of the fundus oculi Ef at a position corresponding to the eyelet 611 becomes possible.

  Next, the selection position of the fixation target is sequentially changed depending on whether the two-hole aperture 431 is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise by selection of the button 77 or 78. At the same time, the position selection means of the reference position mark 54 is changed so that the alignment reference position mark 54 is interlocked and displayed at a predetermined position on the monitor screen 80, and the target region to be photographed is the fundus image Er1-8. Can be observed and photographed.

  Thereby, when photographing the extreme part of the fundus oculi Ef, the fixation light source 510 located in the center is turned on, the fixation target of the pinhole 520 corresponding thereto is presented to the eye E, and the part to be photographed in the center (For example, the back pole portion of the fundus oculi Ef) can be photographed as the fundus oculi image Er0.

  Further, when photographing the fundus peripheral part Ef ′, the fixation light sources 511 to 518 corresponding to the right, left, upper, lower, etc. corresponding to the photographing of the fundus peripheral part to be photographed are turned on, and these are applied to the eye E to be examined. The fixation targets of the pinholes 521 to 528 corresponding to the above are presented. Further, on the monitor screen 80, a focus index image 191a, 191b, an alignment reference position mark 54 corresponding to a target position, and an alignment image 421 are displayed together with a moving image representing the fundus oculi Ef.

  The examiner adjusts the index images 191a and 191b, or performs alignment adjustment so that the alignment image 421 becomes one at the center position of the alignment reference position mark 54, thereby performing focusing and alignment adjustment.

When the working distance W (z direction) and the positions in the vertical and horizontal directions (xy direction: the direction orthogonal to the optical axis O) are appropriate, as shown in FIG. 10, an image 421 of the emission end 42 a is displayed together with the fundus oculi image Er. It is displayed on the monitor screen 80 so as to coincide with the center of the alignment reference position mark 54. Further, when the alignment is deviated from the proper position, an image 421 of the emission end 42a is formed separately as shown in FIG. 3, so that the examiner visually recognizes matching / separation of the alignment image 421 based on the alignment light flux. By doing so, alignment adjustment can be performed.
[Action]
An example of observation and imaging procedures using the fundus camera configured as described above will be described.
(1) Initial setting of fundus camera Prior to shooting, the examiner can perform initial setting of the fundus camera. This initial setting can be performed by an operation on the monitor screen 80. For example, when the menu button 72 is pressed, a menu screen is displayed. On this menu screen, as with normal initial fundus camera settings, display operations such as separating necessary information from unnecessary information, setting the display range of the monitor screen 80, and the reference value of the amount of photographic light Setting, selection of an external storage device and a photographing device to be connected (selection of signal system such as timing), and the like are set. In addition, selection of internal fixation or external fixation as fixation, and selection of the number of internal fixations when using internal fixation are set so that they can be displayed hierarchically.

  The buttons 72L and 72H are set so as to be changed to the operating means 5 for moving the cursor on the menu screen 80 up and down when the menu is selected. By operating these buttons 72L and 72H, the cursor is moved to a target position, and the menu is selected by pressing the confirm button 72M. By selecting this menu, the shooting direction switching screen is selected.

FIG. 11 shows an example of the monitor screen 80 on which the photographing direction switching screen is displayed. In FIG. 11, the shooting direction switch “present” is selected (presence is reversed), and “fixation target presentation direction switching” as the selection means is reversed so that the fixation target presentation direction switching means The state selected on the reverse side is shown. By selecting or deselecting the fixation target presentation direction switching means (switching of the shooting direction), the right and left of the fixation target presentation direction are reversed. Further, by selecting the image direction switching, the left and right direction of the image on the screen is reversed and displayed. This image direction switching means may not be set on the monitor screen 80. When using an external personal computer, switching on the image setting screen may be performed.
(2) Fundus photographing mode Since the configuration is publicly known, details thereof are omitted, but a normal non-mydriatic fundus camera is configured to be able to observe a pupil image for observing the pupil diameter Pd. . Therefore, in order to observe and photograph the fundus oculi image Er, the mode switching button 202, which is a mode selection unit, is pressed to set the non-mydriatic retinal camera to the retinal photographing mode, and the working distance w between the retinal camera and the eye E to be examined is Optical adjustment is performed so as to maintain an appropriate distance for Ef shooting. After this adjustment, the fundus oculi Ef is observed.

  In the case of fundus oculi Ef observation, the fundus oculi Ef is illuminated with infrared light by the illumination optical system 10. When the same light source is used, only infrared light may be selected by inserting / removing an appropriate optical filter into / from the illumination optical system 10. In this example, the halogen lamp 17b as the observation light source is turned on with the IR filter (infrared filter) 18 inserted.

  The reflected light beam (infrared light) from the fundus oculi Ef forms a fundus image Er on the CCD (individual imaging device) 6b of the observation television camera 6B by the observation optical system 30.

Then, the fundus image information captured by the image sensor 6 b is displayed on the monitor screen 80 as a black and white moving image via the control device 9.
At this time, the control device 9 inserts a bar mirror (target bar) 190a in the middle of the optical path of the illumination optical system 10 and turns on the target projection light source 190b. The bar mirror (target bar) 190a is projected as a shadow on the fundus oculi Ef by the illumination light of the illumination optical system 10. The luminous flux from the target projection light source 190b is reflected by a bar mirror (target bar) 190a through a pinhole plate 190c, a lens 190d, a prism 190e, a focus indicator plate 190f, a two-hole aperture plate 190g, and a lens 190h. Through the surface, the relay lens 13, the perforated mirror 12, and the objective lens 11, it is projected onto the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E as a focus target luminous flux.

  In this state, the examiner tilts the joystick 5A back and forth and right and left to move the apparatus main body 1 back and forth and right and left with respect to the eye E, and looks at the monitor screen 80 while viewing the monitor screen 80. While performing the alignment of 1, the fundus oculi Ef is observed.

  And even if the alignment with respect to the to-be-tested eye E of the apparatus main body 1 becomes OK, the control apparatus 9 will show that the fundus oculi Ef of the to-be-tested eye E and the reflective surface of the stick mirror (target stick) 190a are not conjugate. As shown in FIG. 12, the focus index images 191a and 191b based on the focus index light beam usually appear to be separated into two on the left and right. In this state, the periphery of the mirror image 190a ′ of the bar mirror 190 and the focus index images 191a and 191b are blurred as shown in FIG. 3A (a). That is, even if the alignment is OK, the focus is usually not achieved.

  In this state, when a portion of a predetermined range where the mirror image 190a ′ and the focus index images 191a and 191b are formed on the image sensor 6b is scanned, the periphery of the mirror image 190a ′ as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3C. It can be seen that the falling part a1 and the falling part a2 of the part, the rising part b1 and the falling part b2 at the peripheral edge of the focus index images 191a and 191b are slightly deviated, and the focus is not achieved.

  Accordingly, when the alignment is OK, the control device 9 determines that the two focused visual target images 191a and 191b are split from side to side and the output of the image sensor 6b, and the falling part a1, the falling part a2, and the rising part. From b1 and the falling part b2, etc., the in-focus state and the in-focus direction are detected, and the driving means 21a such as a pulse motor is controlled. The driving means 21a controls the focusing lens 21 to the observation optical axis Z. By driving forward and backward in the direction, the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E to be examined and the imaging device 6b of the observation television camera 6B are conjugated. In conjunction with this, the focus index projection optical system 190 is moved in the optical axis direction of the illumination optical system 10, and the focus index plate 190f is conjugated with the fundus oculi Ef.

  When the focus index images 191a and 191b are aligned vertically by such focusing, the periphery of the mirror image 190a ′ of the bar mirror 190 and the focus index images 191a and 191b are clear as shown in FIG. 3B (a). It becomes a state.

  In this state, when a portion of a predetermined range where the mirror image 190a ′ and the focus index images 191a and 191b are formed on the image sensor 6b is scanned, the peripheral edge of the mirror image 190a ′ as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C. It can be seen that the falling part a1 and the falling part a2 of the part and the rising part b1 and the falling part b2 at the peripheral edge of the focus index images 191a and 191b are vertical and in focus.

  Therefore, the control device 9 is divided into the left and right split states of the two focus target images 191a and 191b and the output of the image sensor 6b from the falling part a1 and the falling part a2, the rising part b1 and the falling part b2, etc. When it is detected that the subject is in focus and it is found that the subject is in focus, the movement of the focusing lens 21 in the optical axis direction by the driving unit 21a is stopped.

  There are cases where such in-focus state operation (autofocus) does not end normally or the in-focus state cannot be satisfied after the in-focus state. In this case, the control device 9 does not perform the next focusing operation after executing the above-described focusing operation once for one alignment so that the examiner can manually focus. ing.

  Therefore, when the operation is not performed so that the autofocus can be satisfied or the in-focus state is not satisfied after focusing, the focusing operation can be performed manually by operating the focusing handle 5D after the focusing is completed.

  When the focusing is completed, this state is displayed on the monitor screen 80 to inform the examiner that the photographing is possible.

  When photographing according to this, the examiner presses the photographing switch 5B. As a result, the control device 9 drives and controls the drive motor 190a2 based on the operation of the photographing switch 5B, extracts the bar mirror 190 from the illumination light path, and emits the xenon lamp 17a (visible light) as the photographing light source. The illumination light beam of the xenon lamp 17a illuminates the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E through the illumination optical system 10. Then, the reflected light from the fundus oculi Ef due to this illumination is guided to the imaging device (CCD) 6a of the photographic television camera 6A of the photographic optical system 20, and the fundus image Er as a color still image is obtained from the photographic television camera 6A. An image is formed on an image sensor (CCD) 6a.

  The fundus oculi image Er formed on the photographing television camera 6A is recorded in the still video recorder 7 together with necessary image information, and the still image Er is displayed on the monitor screen 80. Here, the necessary image information includes image information such as patient name, imaging date, imaging time, radiographer name, necessary imaging position information for panoramic image reproduction, and information regarding the number of installed images in the imaging region. May be included.

In observation / photographing of the fundus oculi Ef center, the button 76 is selected, and the eye mesh 610 blinks (horizontal line in the figure), so that it is visually recognized that the fundus oculi Ef center is selected as a site to be observed or imaged. Yes (Figure 3). By pressing the photographing switch 5B in the state where photographing after completion such as alignment is required, a still image Er0 near the rear pole part in the center of the fundus oculi Ef is received by the photographing television camera, as shown in FIG. The still image Er0 is displayed. Thereby, the examiner can confirm that the photographing has been performed reliably, and can move to the next observation and photographing. The still image Er0 is recorded together with other image information by assigning an image number (for example, 00) to the still video recorder 7. The cell 610 displays the number of shots “1”. By pressing the shooting switch 5B again, a moving image is displayed.
(3) Transillumination photographing mode In order to observe and photograph the opacity and pigmentation of the intermediate translucent body (cornea Ec, anterior chamber Ed, crystalline lens Es, vitreous body Eg, etc.) of eye E in FIG. 2C, First, in the fundus photographing mode described above, the alignment of the apparatus main body 1C with respect to the eye E is performed as described above, and the image pickup device (CCD) 6a of the photographing television camera 6A is focused on the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E to be examined ( The control device 9 controls the operation of the driving unit 21a to control the movement of the focusing lens 21 in the optical axis direction so that the fundus Ef of the eye E to be examined and the imaging device 6b of the observation television camera 6B Is conjugated. Thereby, the imaging device 6b of the observation television camera 6B is also conjugated (focused) with the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E to be examined. In this state, the slit plate 200 is conjugate with the crystalline lens Es of the eye E.

  Thereafter, the mode switching button 202 as the mode selection unit is pressed to set the non-mydriatic fundus camera to the transillumination mode.

  In addition, when the non-mydriatic fundus camera is turned on and then the mode switching button 202 as the mode selection unit is pressed before the alignment to set the non-mydriatic fundus camera to the transillumination mode, the control device 9 First, control is performed so that alignment and focusing operations are performed in the same state as in the above-described fundus imaging mode, and then the control of the substantial transillumination imaging mode is started.

  When the alignment is completed, the control device 9 obtains the size of the pupil Ep of the eye E to be examined in FIG. 2B and the position with respect to the device main body 1C from the address of the imaging device 6b of the observation television camera 6B.

  When the control device 9 enters the transillumination shooting mode, the operation control of the driving unit 21a is stopped, the autofocus operation of the focusing lens 21 is stopped, and then the driving unit 190a2 is driven and controlled. As shown in FIG. 2A, the rod-shaped mirror 190a is extracted from the illumination optical path of the illumination optical system 10, and the drive motor 201 is driven to insert the slit plate 200 into the illumination optical path of the illumination optical system 10 as shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, the control device 9 controls the driving means 91 to insert a correction lens (auxiliary lens) 90 for observing the anterior segment of the eye E into the photographing optical path of the photographing optical system 20 as shown in FIG. 2A.

  In this state, the examiner operates the joystick 5A to pull the apparatus main body 1C to the examiner side, then moves the apparatus main body 1C to the eye E side, and the imaging device 6b of the observation television camera 6B is covered. Alignment is performed so as to be conjugate with the crystalline lens Es that is the anterior eye portion of the optometry E. As a result, the slit plate 200 is also conjugated with the crystalline lens Es that is the anterior segment of the eye E.

  At this time, the control device 9 controls the drive motor 201 to move the slit plate 200 so that the slit 200a of the slit plate 200 is positioned at the edge of the pupil Ep as indicated by the slit image 200a ′ in FIG. 2B. Advancing and retracting drive control is performed in a direction perpendicular to the illumination optical path of the illumination optical system 10.

  When the photographing switch 5B is pressed in this state, the control device 9 causes the xenon lamp 17a (visible light), which is a photographing light source, to emit light based on the operation of the photographing switch 5B. The illumination light beam of the xenon lamp 17a is converted into a slit light beam through a slit 200a provided in the slit plate 200 of the illumination optical system 10. Then, this slit light flux passes through the objective lens 11 from the position of the slit image 200a ′ at the edge of the pupil Ep of the eye E shown in FIG. 2B (in FIG. 2C, in the direction along the center Os of the light flux). ) It is projected onto the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E to illuminate the fundus oculi Ef.

  Then, the reflected light from the fundus oculi Ef due to this illumination passes through the vitreous body Eg, the crystalline lens Es, the anterior chamber Ed, the cornea Ec, etc., and enters the objective lens 11 of the photographing optical system 20 and is photographed through the photographing optical system 20. Led to the image pickup device (CCD) 6a of the television camera 6A, and the vitreous body Es as a color still image is formed on the image pickup device (CCD) 6a of the shooting television camera 6A to obtain a transillumination image.

  As described above, the fundus camera according to the embodiment of the present invention has the illumination optical system 10 that projects the illumination light beam onto the eye to be examined, the focusing lens 21, and the reflected light from the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E to be examined. Can be inserted into and removed from a light receiving optical system (imaging optical system 20 and observation optical system 30) that guides the image to imaging means (imaging elements 6a and 6b) and the light receiving optical system (imaging optical system 20 and observation optical system 30). A corrective lens 90 for observing the anterior ocular segment, and a slit plate 200 detachably provided at a position conjugate with the anterior ocular segment (the crystalline lens Es) of the eye E in the illumination optical path of the illumination optical system 10; First driving means 21a for driving the focusing lens 21, second driving means 91 for inserting / removing the correction lens 90 into / from the light receiving optical path, and the slit plate 200 perpendicular to the illumination optical path. 3rd drive means 2 driven to the direction to do 1, a mode selection means (mode switching button 202) for selecting a fundus photographing mode and a transillumination photographing mode, and a control means for controlling the operation of the first, second and third driving means (21a, 91, 201). (Control device 9). In addition, the control means (control device 9) controls the operation of the first driving means 21a based on the imaging signal from the imaging means (imaging elements 6a and 6b) during alignment in the fundus imaging mode. The focusing lens 21 is moved in the optical axis direction of the light receiving optical path so that the imaging means (imaging elements 6a and 6b) is focused on the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E by the focusing lens 21. It has become. The control means (control device 9) selects the transillumination photographing mode by the mode selection means (mode switching button 202) in a state where the photographing means (imaging elements 6a and 6b) are focused on the fundus oculi Ef. Or when the imaging means (imaging elements 6a, 6b) is focused on the fundus oculi Ef in the transillumination imaging mode, the operation control of the first driving means 21a is stopped, and the second The third driving means (91, 201) are controlled to insert the correction lens 90 and the slit plate 200 into the light receiving optical path and the illumination optical path, respectively, and the slit illumination light flux that passes through the slits of the slit plate 200 is transmitted as described above. It projects on the fundus oculi Ef through the edge of the pupil Ep of the eye E.

  According to this configuration, the opacity and pigmentation of the intermediate translucent body (cornea Ec, anterior chamber Ed, crystalline lens Eg, vitreous Es, etc.) of the eye E can be observed and photographed.

1 is an external view of a fundus camera according to the present invention. It is an optical diagram of the fundus camera according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the optical system in FIG. 2. It is explanatory drawing explaining the relationship between the anterior eye part at the time of the transillumination imaging | photography with the fundus camera of FIG. 2, and an illumination light beam. FIG. 3 is an enlarged explanatory view of the eye to be examined in FIG. 2. It is a figure explaining the monitor screen for demonstrating the state by which the site | part which should be image | photographed is displayed on the screen by the moving image. (A) is explanatory drawing at the time of the out-of-focus of the stick mirror of FIG. 3, and a focus visual target image, (b) is light quantity explanatory drawing in the cross section along the A2-A2 line of (a), (c) is (a). It is light quantity explanatory drawing in the cross section which follows A3-A3 line | wire. (A) is explanatory drawing at the time of focusing of the bar mirror of FIG. 3, and a focus target image, (b) is light quantity explanatory drawing in the cross section along A4-A4 line of (a), (c) is (a). It is light quantity explanatory drawing in the cross section along A5-A5 line. It is a figure explaining the relationship of the switching means 47 which switches arrangement | positioning of the hole part of the 2 hole aperture shown in FIG. 2, and the 2 hole aperture. It is a figure which shows the arrangement | sequence state of the light emitting diode as a fixation light source shown in FIG. It is a top view explaining the arrangement | sequence state of the pinhole of the mask board shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the detail of the instruction | indication frame shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the control relationship of the control apparatus of the ophthalmologic imaging apparatus of FIG. It is a figure explaining the detail of the operation panel of FIG. It is a figure explaining the monitor screen for demonstrating the imaging | photography procedure of the fundus oculi Ef center part. It is a figure explaining the monitor screen for demonstrating the imaging | photography procedure of the fundus oculi Ef peripheral part. It is a figure explaining the monitor screen for demonstrating the imaging | photography procedure of the fundus oculi Ef peripheral part.

Explanation of symbols

6a, 6b ... Image sensor (photographing means)
9. Control device (control means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Illumination optical system 21 ... Focusing lens 21a ... 1st drive means 20 ... Shooting optical system (light-receiving optical system)
30 ... Observation optical system (light receiving optical system)
90 ... correction lens 91 ... second driving means 200 ... slit plate 200a ... slit 201 ... third driving means 202 ... mode switching button (mode selection means)
E ... Eye to be examined Ec ... Cornea Ed ... Anterior chamber Ef ... Fundus Eg ... Vitreous Ep ... Pupil Es ... Lens (Anterior Eye)

Claims (1)

An illumination optical system that projects an illumination beam onto the eye to be inspected, a light receiving optical system that has a focusing lens and guides reflected light from the fundus of the eye to be inspected to the imaging means, and can be inserted into and removed from the light receiving optical path A correction lens for observing the anterior eye part, a slit plate provided in a position conjugate with the anterior eye part of the eye to be examined in the illumination optical path of the illumination optical system, and a first lens for driving the focusing lens 1 driving means, second driving means for inserting and removing the correction lens with respect to the light receiving optical path, third driving means for driving the slit plate in a direction perpendicular to the illumination optical path, and the fundus oculi A mode selection means for selecting a photographing mode and a transillumination photographing mode, and a control means for controlling the operation of the first, second and third driving means;
The control means is configured to move the focusing lens in the optical axis direction of the light receiving optical path by controlling the operation of the first driving means based on a photographing signal from the photographing means during alignment in the fundus photographing mode. A fundus camera in which the photographing means is focused on the fundus of the eye to be examined by the focusing lens,
The control unit is configured such that the transillumination mode is selected by the mode selection unit while the imaging unit is focused on the fundus, or the imaging unit is focused on the fundus in the transillumination mode. When the operation control of the first drive means is stopped, the second and third drive means are controlled and the correction lens and the slit plate are inserted into the light receiving light path and the illumination light path, respectively. A fundus camera characterized by projecting a slit illumination light beam passing through a slit of a slit plate onto the fundus through an edge of a pupil of the eye to be examined.

Images