JP2007029923A - Recovery method of printed circuit board - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To recover printed circuit board segments from shredder dust generated by a shredder. <P>SOLUTION: Shredder dust b of used domestic electric appliances is transported by conveyer means 6 of a metal separation apparatus B and metals c containing printed circuit board segments are detected from the shredder dust b by a plurality of magnetic sensors 7 installed in the direction of crossing the conveyer means 6. The metals c are blown by a gas jetted by a first jet nozzle 8 and recovered by a container 16. The recovered metals c are conveyed by conveyer means 31 of a selection apparatus C of the printed circuit board segments and printed circuit board segments with a specified color are detected by a large number of specified color identifying elements 45 arranged in the direction of crossing the conveyer means 31. The detected printed circuit board segments are blown by a gas jetted by a second jet nozzle 34 and recovered in a prescribed container 40. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a print base recovery method for recovering a print base used in home appliances such as a refrigerator, a television, a video deck, and a personal computer.

Conventionally, as a processing equipment for industrial waste including municipal waste and other general waste and combustibles such as waste plastic, these wastes are introduced into a thermal decomposition reactor and heated in a low-oxygen atmosphere for thermal decomposition. A pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of a non-volatile component, and after cooling the pyrolysis residue, the pyrolysis residue is supplied to a separation device and a combustible component mainly composed of carbon, such as metal or It is separated into non-combustible components consisting of rubble components such as ceramic pieces, gravel, concrete pieces, etc., the combustible components after separation are pulverized, and the pulverized combustible components and the dry distillation gas are combusted and melted. 2. Description of the Related Art There is known a waste treatment apparatus that is supplied to a furnace and combusted, and the generated combustion ash is converted into molten slag to be cooled and solidified (for example, see Patent Document 1).
JP-A-1-49816

  The molten slag was initially buried in a landfill, but recently there has been a trend to use the molten slag effectively as a part of asphalt pavement material or as a roadbed material.

  However, some local governments stipulate that the lead content in molten slag is 150 mg / kg or less with reference to the “Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law”, so molten slag can be used as a part of asphalt pavement materials and roadbed materials. When applied, it is necessary to make the content of lead contained in the molten slag fall within the standard value.

On the other hand, in addition to municipal waste and other industrial waste containing combustible materials such as plastic, refrigerators that are combustible oversized garbage such as furniture and waste materials, and noncombustible oversized garbage There is a trend to process household appliances such as TVs, VCRs and PCs.
However, since the printed circuit boards of household appliances such as refrigerators, televisions, video decks, and personal computers have high lead content, it is necessary to remove the printed board beforehand when processing household appliances with the above-mentioned waste disposal equipment. There is.

  For example, Tomio Sekido and three others, “Survey Research on Estimating Lead Content in Home Appliances”, Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference of Japan Society of Waste Science 1998, p. According to 510-512, the lead content of the video base is 19,500 mg / kg, the lead content of the CD base of the audio set is 18,500 mg / kg, and the lead content of the tuner base is 15,100 mg / kg. This is because the lead content of kg and the cassette base is 11,000 mg / kg, and the lead content of the television base is 6,330 mg / kg.

  For example, a method of collecting the printed board by manually dismantling the household appliance and collecting the printed board or crushing the household appliance with a crushing device and then collecting the printed board pieces from the trash is performed. However, in the former case, it is possible to collect 100% of the printed circuit board, but there is a problem in that it takes time to disassemble the home appliance, resulting in high costs. On the other hand, in the latter case, unless an appropriate classification method or classification method is found, there is a problem that it becomes difficult to collect the crushed printed board pieces and the collection rate is lowered.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a printed board recovery method capable of efficiently collecting printed board pieces from crushed dust crushed by a crushing device. Is to provide.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is configured as follows.

The present invention according to claim 1 is a print substrate recovery method for recovering a print substrate from oversized garbage including home appliances.
A crushing step of crushing the oversized garbage with a crushing device;
A transfer step of transferring crushing dust crushed by the crushing device on a transfer means of a metal separator;
A metal detection step of detecting metals including a printed board piece from the crushed dust by a magnetic sensor installed at a constant interval in a direction intersecting the transfer means;
A metal separation step in which only the metals including the printed board piece detected by the magnetic sensor are blown out by the gas ejected from the first ejection nozzle and collected in a predetermined container;
A transfer step of transferring the metal containing the printed board piece collected in the container on the transfer means of the printed board piece sorting device; and
A printed board piece identifying step of detecting a printed board piece of a specific color by a number of specific color identifying elements arranged in a direction intersecting the transfer means;
A printed board recovery method comprising: a printed board piece separating step of blowing off the printed board piece detected by the specific color identification element by a gas ejected from a second jet nozzle and collecting the printed board piece in a predetermined container.

  As described above, according to the printed board recovery method of the invention described in claim 1, coarse garbage is crushed by a crushing device to be crushed dust, and the crushed dust is a metal containing a printed board piece in a metal separation step. After that, the metal containing the printed board piece is separated into, for example, a green printed board piece and a metal such as iron or aluminum using the color sorting function of the printed board piece sorting device. Therefore, printed board pieces having a high lead content can be efficiently recovered.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a process explanatory diagram of a printed board recovery method according to the present invention. For example, oversized garbage a including household appliances such as a refrigerator, a television, a video deck, and a personal computer is crushed by a crushing apparatus A and crushed dust. b. The crushing dust b is separated by the metal separator B into a metal containing a printed board piece (hereinafter referred to as a printed board piece) c and another object (hereinafter referred to as a residue) d. ing.

  The printed board pieces c are classified into a printed board piece e that has been given a specific color (for example, green) by a colored sorting device (printed board piece sorting device) C and other metals f. It has become.

  In the refrigerator, it is necessary to manually remove motors, compressors, and the like, which are difficult to crush, in advance and collect refrigerants such as freon gas in advance.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the oversized garbage a is crushed by the biaxial crusher 1 which is the crushing apparatus A, and becomes crushing dust b having a predetermined size (for example, about 20 to 80 mm). . The biaxial crusher 1 has a structure having first and second crushing rollers 3 and 4 in a box 2.

  As the crushing device, various crushing devices such as a hammer crusher and a triaxial crusher can be applied in addition to the biaxial crusher.

  As described above, the crushed dust b is separated into the printed board pieces c and the residues d by the metal separator B, and the structure thereof is as follows.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the metal separation device B includes a belt conveyor 6 as a transfer means, a high-frequency electromagnetic sensor (hereinafter referred to as a magnetic sensor) 7, a fluid ejection nozzle 8, an electromagnetic valve 9, and a control device 10. It is comprised by.

  The belt conveyor 6 is rotated counterclockwise by the driving roller 11 and the driven roller 12. A hopper 13 for supplying the crushed dust b and a vibrating shooter 14 are provided above the driving roller 12 positioned on the upstream side, and the belt conveyor 6 is positioned in front of the driven roller 12 positioned on the downstream side. It has two horizontally long containers 15 and 16 that are equal to or slightly larger than the width.

  The two containers 15 and 16 are connected to each other by a mountain-shaped connecting member 17. Further, an inclined apron 18 is provided on the upper side of the first container 15 on the near side, that is, on the belt conveyor 6 side. Accordingly, the container 16 located farther from the belt conveyor 6 becomes the second container.

  The belt conveyor 6 has a number of electromagnetic sensors 7 between the driving roller 11 and the driven roller 12. The electromagnetic sensors 7 are provided at regular intervals on a non-metallic support 19 provided so as to intersect the belt conveyor 6. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the electromagnetic sensors 7 are provided on the support 19 in a staggered manner. That is, the phase is shifted by a half pitch in the lateral direction with respect to the rear-row electromagnetic sensor 7b and the front-row electromagnetic sensor 7a.

  Although depending on the size of the crushing dust b, for example, when the diameter of the electromagnetic sensor 7 is 25 mm, the distance L in the front-rear direction of the electromagnetic sensor 7 is 40 mm, and the distance W in the lateral direction is 50 mm. However, the present invention is not limited to this value, and the diameter of the electromagnetic sensor 7, the distance L in the front-rear direction of the electromagnetic sensor 7, the distance W in the lateral direction of the electromagnetic sensor 7, etc. can be arbitrarily changed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the apron 18 is provided with a fluid ejection nozzle 8 facing obliquely upward. The elevation angle θ of the fluid ejection nozzle 8 is preferably 30 to 70 °. When the elevation angle θ of the fluid ejection nozzle 8 is less than 30 °, the object to be processed is likely to fly horizontally, so that there is a problem that a deep container is required and occupies a lot of floor space. On the other hand, if the elevation angle θ of the fluid ejection nozzle 8 exceeds 70 °, it will fall to the vicinity of the belt conveyor 6, so a container with no depth is required, and a large number of objects to be processed are collected. It becomes difficult.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the fluid ejecting nozzle 8 is located in front of the electromagnetic sensor 7, but one electromagnetic sensor 7 and a plurality of, for example, two fluid ejecting nozzles 8 in front of the electromagnetic sensor 7. Is one set. The fluid ejection nozzle 8 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 9 having a high-pressure air supply pipe 20.

Electromagnetic sensor 7 and the electromagnetic valve 9 is electrically connected to the control device 10, for example, in FIG. 4, the electromagnetic sensor ₇₁ which is located on the outermost left end of the printed circuit board pieces such c in crushing dust b Upon detection, the two electromagnetic valves 9 ₁ , 9 ₁ paired with the electromagnetic sensor 7 ₁ are opened instantaneously after a predetermined time has elapsed in response to a command from the control device 10, and the fluid ejection nozzles attached to the electromagnetic valves 9 ₁ 8 ₁ from the high-pressure air g is instantaneously ejected.

The high pressure air g Since is injected toward the conveyor belt 6 in the printed circuit board pieces such c in falling a parabola, a printed circuit board that has been blown off by the high pressure air g jetted from the two fluid jet nozzles 8 ₁ The piece c jumps in an arc and is collected in the second container 16.

  At that time, since the crushed dust (residue) d made of metal other than the printed board pieces c is not detected by the electromagnetic sensor 7, it falls along the apron 18 and is collected in the first container 15.

The timing for ejecting the high-pressure air g from the fluid ejection nozzle 8 is T (= T ₁ + T ₂ ) seconds after the printed board piece c is detected by the electromagnetic sensor 7 as shown in FIG.

here,
T ₁ is the time (seconds) required for the printed board piece c to reach the driven roller 12 after the electromagnetic sensor 7 detects it.
T ₂ is the time (seconds) required for the printed board piece c to reach the axis i of the fluid ejection nozzle 8 from the driven roller 12.
It is.

  The high-pressure air ejection time of the fluid ejection nozzle 8 is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 seconds. When the high-pressure air ejection time of the fluid ejection nozzle is less than 0.1 seconds, the flying force of the object to be processed becomes insufficient, and when the high-pressure air ejection time of the fluid ejection nozzle exceeds 0.3 seconds, Interact with things.

Moreover, as a pressure of the high pressure air supplied to a fluid injection nozzle, 3-7 kg / cm < ² > is desirable. When the pressure of the compressed air supplied to the fluid jet nozzle is less than 3 kg / cm ² , the flying force of the object to be processed becomes insufficient, and when the pressure of the high pressure air of the fluid jet nozzle exceeds 7 kg / cm ² , it is blown away. There is a risk of scattering in the floor area.

  Next, the printed board piece sorting apparatus C will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the printed board piece sorting apparatus C includes a belt conveyor 31 serving as transfer means, a CCD (imaging device) camera 32, a fluid ejection nozzle group 33, and a control device 35.

  The belt conveyor 31 is rotated counterclockwise by a driving roller 36 and a driven roller 37. Above the driving roller 36 located on the upstream side, there is a vibration type shooter 38 for supplying the printed board pieces c, and on the front side of the driven roller 37 located on the downstream side, It has two horizontally long containers 40 and 41 which are equal to the width or slightly larger than the width.

  The two containers 40 and 41 are connected to each other by a mountain-shaped connecting member 42. Further, an inclined apron 43 is provided on the front side, that is, on the upper edge of the third container 40 on the belt conveyor 31 side. Therefore, the container 41 far from the belt conveyor 31 is the fourth container.

A fluid ejection nozzle group 33 that faces the apron 43 is provided obliquely above the apron 43. The fluid jet nozzle group 33, for example, is composed of 201 pieces of fluid ejecting nozzle 34, as shown in FIG. 7, when the width W ₁ of the belt conveyor 31 is 600 mm, the interval w has a 3 mm.

  The CCD camera 32 has a built-in CCD (imaging device) of, for example, 2010 pixels, and is provided with a polarizing filter (not shown) on the front surface thereof, for example, a printed board piece colored green. Only class c is detected. The number of fluid ejection nozzles 34 used, the interval w, the number of image sensors of the CCD camera 32, and the like can be arbitrarily changed as desired.

  In the case of the present invention, in order to simplify the control system, a system in which the CCD (imaging device) of the CCD camera 32 is associated with the fluid ejection nozzle 34 is employed.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the number of the CCD (imaging device) 45 of the CCD camera 32 and the number of the fluid ejection nozzle 34 correspond to each other.

No. 1-10 imaging element 45 ₁ : No. 1 fluid ejection nozzle 34 ₁
No. 11 to No. ₂₀ imaging device 45 ₂ : No. 2 fluid ejection nozzle 34 ₂
No. 21 to 30 image sensor 45 ₃ : No. 3 fluid ejection nozzle 34 ₃
・
・
・

As shown in FIG. 8, the fluid injection nozzle 34 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 47 having a high-pressure air supply pipe 46. The electromagnetic valves 47 ₁ ,... And the CCD camera, in other words, the image sensors 45 ₁ ,... Are electrically connected to the control device 35. For example, in FIG. When the imaging element 45 ₁ of No.1 which is located leftmost detects the green printed circuit board pieces e, electromagnetic valves 47 ₁ of No.1 which has a image pickup device 45 ₁ and the pair of control unit 35 opened by the command momentarily after a predetermined time has elapsed, the high pressure air g is adapted to instantaneously ejected from the fluid ejection nozzle 34 ₁ of No.1.

  The high-pressure air g is ejected from the belt conveyor 31 toward the printed board piece e falling along a parabola, so that the printed board piece e blown against the high-pressure air g hits the apron 43 to form a third container. 40 is collected.

  At that time, since the metal f is not detected by the CCD camera 32, it falls from the belt conveyor 31 while drawing a parabola and is collected in the fourth container 41.

The timing at which the high-pressure air g is ejected from the fluid ejection nozzle 34 is T (= T ₃ + T ₄ ) seconds after the printed board piece c is detected by the CCD camera 32.

here,
T ₃ is the time (seconds) required to reach the driven roller from when the printed circuit board pieces are detected by the CCD camera.
T ₄ is the time (seconds) required for the printed circuit board pieces to reach the axis of the fluid ejection nozzle from the driven roller
It is.

  The high-pressure air ejection time of the fluid ejection nozzle is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 seconds. If the high-pressure air ejection time of the fluid ejection nozzle is less than 0.1 seconds, the workpiece cannot be struck down. Conversely, when the high-pressure air ejection time of the fluid ejection nozzle exceeds 0.3 seconds, it will interfere with the subsequent workpiece.

Moreover, as a pressure of the high pressure air supplied to a fluid injection nozzle, 3-7 kg / cm < ² > is desirable. When the pressure of the high-pressure air supplied to the fluid ejection nozzle is less than 3 kg / cm ² , the workpiece cannot be struck down. On the other hand, when the pressure of the high-pressure air from the fluid ejection nozzle exceeds 7 kg / cm ² , the object to be processed may hit the apron and bounce off and be scattered on the floor area.

  Next, the operation of the print substrate recovery apparatus will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, for example, bulky garbage a including household appliances such as a refrigerator, a television, a video deck, and a personal computer is crushed by a crushing device A, and crushing dust having a predetermined size (for example, about 20 to 80 mm). b.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the crushed dust b is loosely scattered on the belt conveyor 6 of the metal separator B through the hopper 13 and the vibration type shooter 14. Since the belt conveyor 6 is rotated counterclockwise by the drive roller 11 and the driven roller 12, the crushing dust b on the belt conveyor 6 advances in the direction of the arrow together with the belt conveyor 6.

The printed circuit board pieces such c contained in the crushed dust b is, for example, in FIG. 4, when it is detected by the electromagnetic sensor ₇₁ to reach the electromagnetic sensor ₇₁ which is located leftmost The two electromagnetic valves 9 ₁ , 9 ₁ paired with the electromagnetic sensor 7 ₁ are instantaneously opened after a predetermined time in response to a command from the control device 10, and the fluid injection nozzles 8 ₁ attached to the electromagnetic valves 9 ₁ High-pressure air g is ejected instantaneously.

The high pressure air g Since is injected toward the conveyor belt 6 in the printed circuit board pieces such c in falling a parabola, a printed circuit board that has been blown off by the high pressure air g jetted from the two fluid jet nozzles 8 ₁ The piece c jumps in an arc and is collected in the second container 16.

  At that time, since the crushed dust (residue) d made of metal other than the printed board pieces c is not detected by the electromagnetic sensor 7, it falls along the apron 18 and is collected in the first container 15.

  Next, the printed board pieces c collected in the second container 16 are loosely scattered on the belt conveyor 31 of the printed board piece sorting apparatus C through the vibration type shooter 38 as shown in FIG. It is burned.

  The printed board pieces c on the belt conveyor 31 advance in the direction of the arrow. Then, only the print base piece e mixed in the print base piece c, that is, the print base piece e colored in green is captured by the CCD camera 32.

For example, in FIG. 8, when the No. 1 imaging element 45 ₁ located at the leftmost end detects a green printed board piece e, the No. 1 electromagnetic valve 47 paired with the imaging element 45 ₁ is used. ₁ is opened instantaneously after the elapse of a predetermined time in response to a command from the control device 35, and high-pressure air g is instantaneously ejected from the No. 1 fluid ejection nozzle 34 ₁ .

  The high-pressure air g is ejected from the belt conveyor 31 toward the printed board piece e falling along a parabola, so that the printed board piece e blown against the high-pressure air g hits the apron 43 to form a third container. 40 is collected.

  At that time, since the metal f is not detected by the CCD camera 32, it falls from the belt conveyor 31 while drawing a parabola and is collected in the fourth container 41.

  Here, if it explains supplementarily, if a wind power sorter will be provided behind crushing device 1 and residue d will be removed to some extent, the degree of separation of metal separation device B will improve. Moreover, the metals f selected by the printed board piece sorting apparatus C are classified into iron, aluminum, and other non-ferrous metals by a magnetic sorter or an aluminum sorter as necessary.

  Further, the printed board piece e sorted by the printed board piece sorting apparatus C separates and recovers valuable materials such as copper by a known method (for example, JP-A-5-329841).

  Further, the residue d is processed by a known waste processing apparatus to become molten slag or the like.

  In addition, the CCD camera can cope with print boards other than green by changing the polarization filter.

(Example)
Table 1 shows an example of the balance of printed boards and metals collected by the above method. As can be seen from this “Table 1”, 93% (= (2.6 / 2.8) × 100) of the printed circuit board was recovered.

It is process explanatory drawing of the collection method of the printed circuit board which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of a crushing apparatus. It is a side view of a metal separator. It is explanatory drawing which shows the positional relationship of an electromagnetic sensor and a fluid injection nozzle. It is explanatory drawing of the operation timing of a fluid injection nozzle. It is a perspective view of a printed board piece sorting device. It is a block diagram which shows the relationship between a CCD camera and a fluid ejection nozzle group. It is a block diagram which shows the relationship between the image pick-up element of a CCD camera, and a fluid ejection nozzle group.

Explanation of symbols

a Coarse Garbage b Crushing Dust c Metals including Print Base Piece 1 Crushing Device 6 Metal Separation Device Transfer Means 7 Magnetic Sensor 8 First Injection Nozzle 15 and 16 Container 31 Print Base Piece Separation Device Transfer Means 45 Specific Color Discriminating Element 34 Second injection nozzle 40, 41 Container

Claims (1)

In the print base collection method, which collects the print base from oversized garbage including household appliances,
A crushing step of crushing the oversized garbage with a crushing device;
A transfer step of transferring crushing dust crushed by the crushing device on a transfer means of a metal separator;
A metal detection step of detecting metals including a printed board piece from the crushed dust by a magnetic sensor installed at a constant interval in a direction intersecting the transfer means;
A metal separation step in which only the metals including the printed board piece detected by the magnetic sensor are blown out by the gas ejected from the first ejection nozzle and collected in a predetermined container;
A transfer step of transferring the metal containing the printed board piece collected in the container on the transfer means of the printed board piece sorting device; and
A printed board piece identifying step of detecting a printed board piece of a specific color by a number of specific color identifying elements arranged in a direction intersecting the transfer means;
A printed board recovery method comprising: a printed board piece separating step of blowing off the printed board piece detected by the specific color identification element by a gas ejected from a second ejection nozzle and collecting the printed board piece in a predetermined container.

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