JP2006515900A - 白金電極及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XRZCZVQJHOCRCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Pt] Chemical compound [Si].[Pt] XRZCZVQJHOCRCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBWYZPGRKYRKNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-propanoyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)N(C(=O)CC)C2=C1 VBWYZPGRKYRKNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010057430 Retinal injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000560 biocompatible material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007975 buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002581 neurotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000618 neurotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
- A61N1/0543—Retinal electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/50—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12993—Surface feature [e.g., rough, mirror]
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (38)
- 電極であって、
電極ボディと、
フラクタル形態を有する白金の表面コーティングと、
を含むことを特徴とする電極。 - 前記表面コーティングは、前記電極の基本的な幾何学的形状から得られる対応表面積の少なくとも5倍の表面積を有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、生物学的適合性であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、鉛を含まないことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、本質的に純粋な白金からなることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、前記基本的な幾何学的形状から得られる対応表面積の500倍より小さい表面積を有していることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、前記基本的な幾何学的形状から得られる対応表面積の200倍より小さい表面積を有していることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、少なくとも10ミクロンの厚みを有していることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、臨界負荷によって測定して35ミリニュートンより大きい接着強度を有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、色がグレイに見えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、CIELABカラースケールで30より大きい明度(l*)を有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記表面コーティングは、0.25Dよりは大きいが1.3Dよりは小さい色濃度(D)を有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極。
- 表面が粗い表面コーティングを有するように白金表面コーティングを電気めっきする方法であって、
導電性基体の表面上に光沢白金を形成させるのに必要な速度よりも速い速度で且つ白金黒を形成させるのに必要な速度よりも遅い速度で白金の粒子を形成させることによって、導電性基体の表面を電気めっきするステップ、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記粗い表面コーティングの少なくとも一部分は、フラクタルジオメトリを有していることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記電気めっきするステップは、毎分0.05ミクロンよりは速いが毎分1ミクロンよりは遅い速度で遂行されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記電気めっきするステップは、毎分1ミクロンより速いかまたは等しいが毎分10ミクロンよりは遅い速度で遂行されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記電気めっきプロセスは、電極電圧によって制御されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記電圧は、定電圧であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記制御された電圧は、少なくとも部分的に拡散が制限されためっき反応をもたらすことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記電気めっきプロセスの電圧は、Ag/AgCl参照電極に対して0.2ボルトより小さく且つ−1ボルトより大きいことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記電気めっき溶液は、約0.4Mのリン酸水素二ナトリウム内の、少なくとも3mMではあるが30mMよりは少ないヘキサクロロ白金酸アンモニウムであることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 白金の粗い表面コーティングを有する電極であって、
前記表面コーティングは、導電性基体の表面上に光沢白金を形成させるのに必要な速度よりも速い速度で且つ白金黒を形成させるのに必要な速度よりも遅い速度で白金の粒子を形成させることによって、導電性基体の表面に電気めっきされている
ことを特徴とする電極。 - 前記粗い表面コーティングの少なくとも一部分は、フラクタルジオメトリを有していることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の電極。
- 前記電気めっきプロセスは、電極電圧によって制御されることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の電極。
- 前記電圧は、定電圧であることを特徴とする請求項24に記載の電極。
- 前記制御された電圧は、少なくとも部分的に拡散が制限されためっき反応をもたらすことを特徴とする請求項24に記載の電極。
- 前記電気めっきプロセスの電圧は、0.2ボルトより小さく且つ−1ボルトより大きいことを特徴とする請求項24に記載の電極。
- 前記電気めっきプロセスの電圧は、0.25ボルトより小さく且つ−1ボルトより大きいことを特徴とする請求項24に記載の電極。
- 前記電気めっき溶液は、約0.4Mのリン酸水素二ナトリウム内の、少なくとも3mMではあるが30mMよりは少ないヘキサクロロ白金酸アンモニウムであることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の電極。
- インプラント可能な電極であって、
導電性基体と、
電極の基本的な幾何学的形状から得られる対応表面積の5倍の表面積乃至500倍の表面積を有し、フラクタル形態を有する粗い表面コーティングと、
を含むことを特徴とするインプラント可能な電極。 - 前記粗い表面コーティングは、前記電極の基本的な幾何学的形状から得られる対応表面積の200倍より小さい表面積であることを特徴とする請求項30に記載のインプラント可能な電極。
- 前記粗い表面コーティングは、白金からなることを特徴とする請求項30に記載のインプラント可能な電極。
- 前記粗い表面コーティングは、導電性基体の表面上に光沢白金を形成させるのに必要な速度よりも速い速度で且つ白金黒を形成させるのに必要な速度よりも遅い速度で白金の粒子を形成させることによって、導電性基体の表面に電気めっきされている
ことを特徴とするインプラント可能な電極。 - 前記粗い表面コーティングは、臨界負荷によって測定して35ミリニュートンより大きい接着強度を有していることを特徴とする請求項33に記載のインプラント可能な電極。
- 前記粗い表面コーティングは、色がグレイに見えることを特徴とする請求項33に記載のインプラント可能な電極。
- 前記粗い表面コーティングは、CIELABカラースケールで30より大きい明度(l*)を有していることを特徴とする請求項33に記載のインプラント可能な電極。
- 前記粗い表面コーティングは、0.25Dよりは大きいが1.3Dよりは小さい色濃度(D)を有していることを特徴とする請求項33に記載のインプラント可能な電極。
- 前記粗い表面コーティングは、少なくとも10ミクロンの厚みを有していることを特徴とする請求項33に記載のインプラント可能な電極。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US37206202P | 2002-04-11 | 2002-04-11 | |
US10/226,976 US6974533B2 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2002-08-23 | Platinum electrode and method for manufacturing the same |
PCT/US2003/012450 WO2003087433A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-04-10 | Platinum electrode and method for manufacturing the same |
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JP2006515900A true JP2006515900A (ja) | 2006-06-08 |
JP4411088B2 JP4411088B2 (ja) | 2010-02-10 |
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JP2003584365A Expired - Fee Related JP4411088B2 (ja) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-04-10 | 白金電極及びその製造方法 |
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US (2) | US6974533B2 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP3135796A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4411088B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003234174B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003087433A1 (ja) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013542838A (ja) * | 2010-11-16 | 2013-11-28 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー | ドライアイを治療するためのシステムおよび方法 |
US9265956B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2016-02-23 | Oculeve, Inc. | Devices and methods for treating dry eye in animals |
US9440065B2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2016-09-13 | Oculeve, Inc. | Nasal stimulation devices and methods |
US9687652B2 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2017-06-27 | Oculeve, Inc. | Stimulation patterns for treating dry eye |
US9717627B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-08-01 | Oculeve, Inc. | Implant delivery devices, systems, and methods |
US9737712B2 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2017-08-22 | Oculeve, Inc. | Stimulation devices and methods for treating dry eye |
US9764150B2 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2017-09-19 | Oculeve, Inc. | Contact lens for increasing tear production |
US9770583B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2017-09-26 | Oculeve, Inc. | Polymer formulations for nasolacrimal stimulation |
US9821159B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2017-11-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Stimulation devices and methods |
US10207108B2 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2019-02-19 | Oculeve, Inc. | Implantable nasal stimulator systems and methods |
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EP1497483A4 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
US20030192784A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
AU2003234174A1 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
EP1497483B1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2829639A1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
EP1497483A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 |
EP2829639B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
US20050271895A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
AU2003234174B2 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
JP4411088B2 (ja) | 2010-02-10 |
WO2003087433A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
EP3135796A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
US6974533B2 (en) | 2005-12-13 |
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