JP2006235374A - Projection type display apparatus, projection display method, projection display program, and recording medium in which projection display program is stored - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a projection type display apparatus which extracts information written in a screen in better quality and can effectively make use of an extracted image, to provide a projection display method, and to provide a projection display program and a recording medium therefor. <P>SOLUTION: The projection type display apparatus including a projection means 7 for forming a predetermined projection image on a projection screen 4, a write-in screen 3 on which write-in information can be written on the projection image superimposed, a photographing means 6 for photographing the write-in information written on the write-in screen 3 by a photographing part where pixels are two-dimensionally arrayed, is characterized by including an extraction means for extracting the write-in information from a write-in image photographed by the photographing means 6 based on at least either a relative value or contour information of each pixel color signal of the write-in image. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a projection display device, a projection display method, a projection display program, and a recording medium thereof, and more specifically, a projection display capable of extracting information written on a writing surface superimposed on a projection surface of the projection display device. The present invention relates to an apparatus, a projection display method, a projection display program, and a recording medium thereof.

  Conventionally, a projection display device is generally applied to a projector, an electronic blackboard with a display, a personal computer, etc., and used as a monitor for a plurality of people in a meeting or a lecture, or a personal computer used by an individual. It is used as a monitor.

  In meetings and lectures, participants discuss and study based on the information video displayed on the monitor, and if necessary, the participants superimpose on the information video displayed on the monitor. A display device is used to further advance the study meeting by writing.

  In this case, it is desirable to have a function capable of inputting participants' examination items generated in the examination process as electronic information to a personal computer or the like.

  As one of the means for realizing such display and writing on the same surface, the position of the pen tip in contact with the display surface is detected, and the written information is tracked by personal tracking. Display devices equipped with a function for loading into a computer are on the market.

  For example, an image projected on a transmissive screen or an image written with a pen or the like on a transparent member provided in front of the transmissive screen is a relatively large linear light receiving sensor provided in the vicinity of the transmissive screen. A technique for printing by scanning with the above is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  Also, an electronic blackboard system is disclosed for electronically capturing an image drawn on an electronic blackboard with a pen or the like and synthesizing it with an image projected on the electronic blackboard with a projector (see, for example, Patent Document 2). . In Patent Document 2, information drawn on an electronic blackboard is read as electronic information by an original function of the electronic blackboard, and this is combined with a projected image by a personal computer.

  However, the method described in Patent Document 1 or 2 requires functionality such as a special pen for writing, or a mode change by screen operation to add or delete characters. The operability is not enough. Further, in the method described in Patent Document 1, since the write information is read by moving the light receiving sensor on the screen surface, the apparatus becomes large. In the method described in Patent Document 2, in order to read the writing information, the writing surface (electronic blackboard) must be moved and passed through the scanner unit, which takes time.

  Therefore, there are provided a projection plane that forms a predetermined projection image, a writing plane that can be directly written with a pen such as a normal whiteboard marker, and an imaging unit that captures these projection planes. The apparatus which has is proposed (for example, refer patent document 3).

In Patent Document 3, a whiteboard marker for writing can be used to write characters and pictures on the writing surface, and an image can be displayed on the writing surface. This image is formed by a projector inside which is shielded from light by the casing, and an image is formed on a transmission screen via a reflection mirror. Although this transmissive screen is inside the writing surface, the writing surface is transparent, so that the image projected on the writing surface can be viewed from the outside, and the CCD camera can write the image. The writing written on the surface can be imaged, and the writing can be captured electronically and output to the outside.
Japanese Patent Publication No.7-46198 JP-A-10-297166 JP 2003-143348 A

  However, since the method of Patent Document 3 uses a method of subtracting a projection image from a written image obtained by a CCD camera, noise due to an obstacle shadow near the screen cannot be removed at the time of shooting. There is an inconvenience.

  Therefore, the applicant of the present invention provides a projection surface that forms a predetermined projection image, a writing surface that overlaps with the projection image and can be directly written with a pen such as a normal whiteboard marker, and these projection surfaces. An apparatus having an imaging means for photographing was developed. In this apparatus, the image is projected from the back and written on the display screen, and the written image is extracted using the relative value of the color signal (for example, RGB) for each pixel of the image captured by the built-in CCD camera or the like. . By extracting the written image using the color signal, the information written on the screen can be extracted with good quality.

  In view of the above-described problems, the present invention is a projection display device, a projection display method, a projection display program, and a recording medium that can extract information written on a screen with higher quality and can effectively use the extracted image. The purpose is to provide.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a projection unit that forms a predetermined projection image on a projection surface, a writing surface on which writing information can be written so as to overlap the projection image, and writing information written on the writing surface as pixels. In a projection display device having a photographing unit that shoots two-dimensionally in an imaging unit, a relative value or contour information of a color signal of each pixel of the written image from a written image photographed by the photographing unit It has an extraction means which extracts write-in information based on at least one of these.

  According to the present invention, information written on the writing surface can be extracted with higher quality by removing noise, and the extracted image can be used effectively. Note that the color signal is a signal used when expressing a color. For example, if a written image is expressed in an RGB color space, signals of each color of RGB are used, and CMY, YCrCb, YUB, HSV, etc. Each color signal.

  Further, according to the projection display device of the present invention, it has color calibration means for calibrating the discrimination of the relative value of the color signal, and the color calibration means projects the writing frame designating a predetermined color by the projection means. A writing frame projecting means for projecting onto the surface, and a writing frame photographing means for photographing the writing information written in the designated predetermined color by the photographing means, and the color designated on the projection surface and the photographing means A color calibration value for discriminating a predetermined color is extracted based on a color signal corresponding to a writing frame in a photographed written image.

  According to the present invention, by calibrating the discrimination of the color signal, the written information can be extracted by clearly reproducing the color of the written information.

  Further, in one form of the projection display device of the present invention, when the projection display device is activated, the plain luminance distribution is obtained by photographing a plain projection surface by the photographing unit and storing the luminance distribution of the photographed plain image. A storage unit; and a luminance correction unit that smoothes the luminance distribution of a predetermined writing image photographed by the photographing unit based on the luminance distribution of the plain image stored in the plain luminance distribution storage unit. .

  According to the present invention, when the projection display device is activated, the luminance distribution of the external light is stored, and the luminance distribution of the photographed written image is corrected based on the luminance distribution. The writing information can be extracted according to the environment of the installation location.

  Moreover, in one form of the projection type display device of the present invention, the extracting means has a writing area extracting means for extracting a substantially rectangular area where writing exists from a writing image.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to extract only the minimum area where writing has been performed, so that it is possible to suppress the capacity of the image and improve the operability of the extracted image.

  Further, in one form of the projection display device of the present invention, the projection image is obtained by projecting the contents of a predetermined file, and the writing information extracted by the extracting means is projected when the writing information is written. A writing image synthesizing unit to be pasted at substantially the same position of the file that has been recorded, and the projecting unit projects the contents of a predetermined file in which the writing image is synthesized by the writing image synthesizing unit onto a projection plane. To do.

  According to the present invention, writing information extracted from a PC or the like can be used in combination with a projection image, so that it is possible to provide a projection display device with enhanced data utilization.

  In one form of the projection display device of the present invention, the writing image composition means is a dynamic link library that can use software for displaying the contents of a predetermined file.

  According to the present invention, for software that can handle a bitmap object and can be pasted by an external control, information that is written on a writing surface is captured by an imaging unit, and a projected file is captured. Can be added as annotation information.

  In one embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention, the writing image composition means is outputted by an image file output means for outputting a predetermined file as one or a plurality of image files by a printer driver and an image file output means. And a file pasting unit for pasting the write information extracted by the extracting unit to the image file.

  According to the present invention, by developing an image using a virtual printer driver, it is possible to convert a file of an application having a printing function into a generic and editable hierarchical file structure without being tied to the application. File management can be performed so that write information can be reused.

  Moreover, in one form of the light projection type display apparatus of this invention, it has the write information storage means which stores the write information extracted by the extraction means in a clipboard.

  According to the present invention, since the written information can be saved as an image file on the clipboard, the information can be saved in any application of the user.

  Further, the present invention provides an imaging unit in which pixels are two-dimensionally arranged in a projection step of projecting a predetermined image on a projection surface, and writing information written on a writing surface superimposed on the image projected on the projection surface In the projection display method having a photographing step, the extraction is performed to extract writing information from the writing image photographed by the photographing step based on at least one of a relative value or contour information of a color signal of each pixel of the writing image. Having a step.

  The present invention further includes a color calibration step for calibrating the discrimination of the relative value of the color signal, and the color calibration step includes a writing frame projecting step for projecting a writing frame for designating a predetermined color on the projection surface, and A writing frame photographing step for photographing the writing information written in the designated predetermined color, which corresponds to the color designated on the projection surface and the writing frame in the written image photographed by the writing frame photographing step. A color calibration value for discriminating a predetermined color is extracted based on the color signal of the portion to be processed.

  The present invention also captures a plain projection plane projected on the projection plane, stores the luminance distribution of the photographed plain image, and stores the luminance distribution stored in the plain luminance distribution storage step. And a luminance correction step for smoothing the luminance distribution of the written image photographed in the photographing step.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that the extracting step includes a writing area extracting step for extracting a substantially rectangular area where writing exists from a writing image.

  In addition, the present invention provides a file writing photographing step for photographing writing information written on a writing surface superimposed on a projection surface on which the content of a predetermined file is projected, and writing extracted from a writing image photographed by the file writing photographing step. A writing image combining step for pasting information at substantially the same position of the file that was projected when the writing information was written, and the projecting step combined the writing image by the writing image combining step. The content of a predetermined file is projected onto a projection plane.

  Further, according to the present invention, the write image composition step uses a dynamic link library that can be used by software that displays the contents of a predetermined file, and writes the write image to the file that was projected when the write information was written. It is characterized by being pasted at substantially the same position.

  Further, according to the present invention, the writing image composition step is extracted by an extraction step into an image file output step for outputting a predetermined file as one or a plurality of image files by a printer driver, and an image file output by the image file output step. And a file pasting step for pasting the written information.

  Further, the present invention is characterized by having a writing information storing step of storing the writing information extracted in the extracting step in a clipboard.

  The present invention also provides a projection display program for causing a computer to execute the projection display method according to any one of claims 9 to 16.

  The present invention also provides a computer-readable recording medium on which the program according to claim 17 is recorded.

  It is possible to provide a projection display device, a projection display method, a projection display program, and a recording medium thereof that can extract information written on the screen with higher quality and can effectively use the extracted image.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of a perspective view of the projection display devices 1A and 1B, and FIG. 2 shows a sectional view thereof. The projection display devices 1A and 1B are provided on a projection surface 4 that forms a predetermined projection image projected from the projection device 7, a writing surface 3 on which writing information can be written so as to overlap the projection image, and a writing surface 3. It has the imaging means 6 which image | photographs the written writing information with the imaging part by which the pixel was arranged two-dimensionally, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The projection display device 1A includes a mirror 5 for reflecting the projection image.

The photographing means 6 has a solid-state image sensor such as a CCD or CMOS. The projection means 7 is installed within the angle of view of the photographing means 6 so as to photograph the entire projection surface 4 or writing surface 3 on which the image is projected. The photographing means 6 and the projection means 7 are connected to a control device described later. ing. For example, the projection means 7 is a projector, and the control device is a personal computer (hereinafter referred to as PC). In the case of a PC, the projection display device can be realized by installing and executing the projection display program, but the control device may be other hardware that can execute the projection display program without being a PC. In the following, it is assumed that the photographing means 6 is a CCD camera 6, the projection means 7 is a projector 7, and the control device is a PC.
FIG. 3A is a functional block diagram of the projection display device. The user directly writes a sentence, a figure, or the like to be added to the projected image on the writing surface 3 using a whiteboard marker while viewing the image from the PC projected by the projector 7. In order to save the written content together with the projected image, the user clicks a dialog button of the projection display program at any timing to issue a shooting command.

  The shooting command can be output by installing a dedicated hard button in addition to the projection display program. When a shooting command is issued by the user, the CCD camera 6 captures an image of the writing surface 3, and the captured image is sent to an extraction unit 11 that extracts writing information, and writing information is extracted.

  The extracted writing information is sent to the combining unit 14, combined with the previously projected file, and again projected onto the projection plane 4 by the projecting unit 13. By this operation, the user writes on the writing surface 3, and the information can be stored as electronic information together with the file.

  In addition, a storage unit 15 is connected to the photographing unit 12, and a color calibration value for color discrimination based on a relative value of a color signal (for example, RGB value) and a luminance distribution of a plain image are stored.

  FIG. 3B is a hardware configuration diagram of the control device (PC). The PC is configured to include a CPU 31, an input / output control unit 32, a drive device 33, a communication unit 34, a main storage unit 35, a storage device 36, and a display control unit 37 that are mutually connected by a bus 39.

  The CPU 31 comprehensively controls processing performed by the PC, for example, loads and executes a projection display program 40 described later on the main storage unit 35. The input / output control unit 32 stores image data input from the CCD camera 7 in the main storage device 35, and sends display data displayed by the display control unit 37 to the projector 7. The input / output control unit 32 is used to process various operation instructions input with a keyboard and a mouse. The communication unit 34 is an interface for connecting to a network such as the Internet or a LAN, and includes, for example, a modem, a router, and the like. The main storage unit 35 is a storage area for temporarily storing an operating system, programs, and data.

  The drive device 33 can be inserted into a DVD-ROM or CD-ROM, can read programs and data from the recording medium 38, and can write programs and data to the recording medium 38. The display control unit 37 forms a GUI (Graphical User Interface) screen and displays various windows and data necessary for operation.

  A projection display program 40 is installed in the storage device 36 via a recording medium 38 or the Internet. FIG. 3C shows each function of the projection display program. The projection display program 40 uses a PC (computer) to extract write information from a written image taken by the CCD camera 6 based on the relative value of the color signal of each pixel of the written image, and the written color. Color calibration means 42 for extracting a color calibration value for more accurately discriminating the brightness, and a brightness correction means for smoothing the brightness distribution of the written image photographed by the CCD camera 6 based on the brightness distribution of the plain image photographed in advance. 43. Write image composition means 45 for pasting the write information extracted by the extraction means at substantially the same position of the file projected when the write information was written, and the write information extracted by the extraction means on the clipboard It functions as write information storage means 49 for storing.

  Further, the extracting means 41 has a writing area extracting means 44 for extracting only a substantially rectangular area where writing exists in the writing image. The write image composition means 45 includes a dynamic link library (DLL) 46, an image file output means (printer driver) 47 for outputting a predetermined file as one or a plurality of image files, and an image file output means 47 as will be described later. A file pasting unit 48 for superimposing the writing information extracted by the extracting unit 41 on the output image file; Further, the luminance correction means 43 holds a plain luminance distribution 431 in which the luminance distribution of a plain image obtained by photographing a plain projection surface by the CCD camera 6 is stored.

[Extraction of write information]
Based on the above configuration, the details of the process of photographing the writing surface 3 and extracting the writing information from the photographed image will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
Projection light black display (S1)
When the user gives a shooting control command, the PC projects a black image from the projection unit 13. As a result, the projection unit 7 can be in a light-shielded state, and unnecessary information is not reflected in the image captured by the CCD camera 6. If the projection means 7 has a mute function (temporarily interrupting the projection of the image), it may be used.

Screen shot (S2)
When the projection means 7 is in a light-shielded state, the screen surface (writing surface 3) is photographed by the CCD camera 6. FIG. 5 shows an example of an image obtained by photographing the writing surface 3 on which writing has been performed. Since the projector 7 is in a light-shielded state, only the written image is taken. In FIG. 5, ABCD characters are written with red markers, 1234 characters are written with blue markers, and ◯ ΔΔ □ are written with black markers.

Write part extraction (S3)
FIG. 6 shows an example of an image in which a shadow 51 of the hand is reflected due to the user holding his hand near the writing surface 3 at the time of shooting. The extraction means 41 performs processing for removing such noises such as shadows and extracting only the marker writing unit. The part written by the marker has a clear outline, the density inside is high (the gradation is low when converted to gray scale), and the background and shadows are written at low density. Based on the contour information representing the contour of the part, noise such as a shadow can be removed. The contours of the writing unit and other parts can be separated by, for example, binarization processing.

  The binarization process will be described. The binarization processing is often used as processing for removing a background portion from an image to be a target and extracting the target portion. That is, a certain density value is used as a threshold value, and the background area and the target area are divided. As a method for determining the threshold value, a mode method, a p-tile method, a differential histogram method, and the like are known, but these fix the threshold value to a constant value. In the captured image according to the present embodiment, it is preferable to use variable threshold processing because there is a change in how shadows and noise are generated due to obstacles at the time of shooting and the behavior of people.

  The variable threshold processing is a method of scanning pixels in an image and changing the threshold for each pixel of interest at that time. The average density value of the local region for N × N pixels around the pixel of interest is used as a threshold value.

  FIG. 7A shows an example where N = 3. Since N = 3, the average value g_ave of the total of the green component g values of all nine surrounding pixels including the target pixel is calculated. If the g value of the target pixel is lower than this value, the extraction target, that is, the marker write If the g value of the target pixel is high, it is determined as background, shadow, or noise, and this pixel is replaced with white, that is, RGB (255, 255, 255). As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, the write information can be extracted without the background portion. In this embodiment, RGB is used as the color signal, but it may be CMY, YCrCb, YUB, or the like.

Color conversion (S4)
In the projection display device according to the present embodiment, external light is used for photographing the writing surface 3, and when a use scene in a normal conference room is assumed, the use is performed with the lights in the room. . When external light is used, the background portion other than the writing of the captured image on the writing surface 3 is white or a light color close to this, so that the RGB values thereof are both high. Therefore, it is possible to extract only the write information by extracting red, blue, and black information from the relative relationship of the RGB information and discarding the other information as background and noise.

  FIGS. 7B to 7E show the relative relationships of the average RGB components of red writing, blue writing, black writing, and background pixels in the image. Considering this relative relationship as an example, in each pixel in the image, red is the one that satisfies the relationship of R> B> G as shown in FIG. 7B, and B> G> as shown in FIG. By assuming that the relationship of R is established as blue, it is possible to extract writing information using three color markers. In black writing, since all of the RGB three components are below a certain value, it is possible to extract writing with four color markers by regarding black writing that is below a predetermined threshold as shown in FIG. It becomes possible. Further, as shown in FIG. 7E, when the RGB three components have a relationship other than that, it is regarded as the background.

  The location corresponding to the red marker is RGB (255, 0, 0), blue is RGB (0, 0, 255), black is RGB (0, 0, 0), etc. The image is clearly displayed in the color (primary color) as written. FIG. 9 shows the color-converted writing information. Information written with a red marker is displayed in red, information written with a blue marker is blue, and information written with a black marker is black.

Minimum area extraction (S5)
Since the image obtained by the process so far has the size of the image from the CCD camera 6, the writing area extracting means 44 cuts out only the area where there is writing. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining processing for extracting only a region where writing is performed.

  For example, in the processing up to step S4, since the parts other than the writing unit are converted to white, the writing area extracting unit 44 cuts out the white area. The image is scanned from the upper left to the bottom and the first X-coordinate of the pixel that hits a non-white pixel is x1, and the image is scanned from the upper right to the bottom and the first X-coordinate of the pixel that hits a non-white pixel. x2, the Y coordinate where the pixel first hits a non-white pixel while scanning from the upper left to the right, y1, the Y coordinate where the pixel first hits a non-white pixel after scanning from the lower left to the right Let y2.

  By cutting out a rectangular area whose apex coordinates are p1 (x1, y1), p2 (x2, y1), p3 (x1, y2), and p4 (x2, y2), the writing area extracting unit 44 performs FIG. ), It is possible to obtain an image corresponding to the written area, so that the operability in later compositing processing and the like is improved.

[Color calibration]
The photographing of the writing surface 3 by the photographing means 6 of the projection display device according to the present embodiment uses external light, that is, external light transmitted through the writing surface 3, so that the location of the projection display device is set. The pixel value changes depending on the external light condition.

  Under a fluorescent lamp in a general office, the red R value in FIG. 5 takes a value of around 200 in the gradation of 0 to 255, and the RGB value in black is less than 50. However, in order to cope with this change in value depending on the installation location, it is preferable to install a value corresponding to the installation location.

  Therefore, for example, when the projection display apparatus is activated, the color calibration unit 42 calibrates the gradation for RBG color determination according to the lighting condition of the installation location. For example, the writing frame projecting means first projects a color calibration dialog as shown in FIG. Since the dialog shown in FIG. 11A is provided with writing frames designated as RED, Blue, and Black, the user can write writing information with red, blue, and black markers in the respective frames. When the user clicks the calibration button at the end of writing, the writing frame photographing means causes the CCD camera 6 to photograph the writing information written with the red, blue and black markers.

  It is known that the RGB values of the pixels of the frame (character) written with the red pen have a relative relationship of R> B> G. The background portion (pixels to be discarded) has a relative relationship of B> R> G, but there are cases where the background pixel has a relative relationship of R> B> G when noise or shadows are reflected. Therefore, judging from the relative relationship, the frame (character) written with the red pen and the background portion (pixels to be discarded) have the same R> B> G, but the R values are greatly different from each other. . That is, the red pen part has a relative relationship of R> B> G, the value of R is larger than a certain value, and the R value of the pixel having the relative relation of R> B> G in the background part is Less than a certain value.

  Therefore, if the lower limit value of the R value of the pixel written with the red pen is known, the accuracy of red writing extraction is further improved. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a process of extracting the lower limit value of the R value of the pixel.

  The image size projected from the computer is known, for example, a size of 1024 × 768. Since the CCD camera 6 is installed so that the angle of view coincides with the projected image, the coordinates on the computer image and the coordinates in the captured image have a one-to-one correspondence. Further, since the coordinates of the elements displayed on the computer screen such as dialogs and windows can be easily obtained on the program, the color calibration means 42 displays the dialog as shown in FIG. 11A on the computer screen. If so, the coordinates of the area where the RED frame is displayed are acquired (S11).

  Since the coordinates of each frame and the captured image have a one-to-one correspondence, the color calibration means 42 converts the coordinates of each frame in the PC image to the coordinates of the captured image (S12).

  FIG. 11B shows a shooting screen for shooting the writing frame of FIG. Frames 21 to 23 are frames obtained by acquiring coordinates on the screen of the PC and corresponding coordinates in the captured image. Therefore, it is known that writing in the frame 21 is red, writing in the frame 22 is blue, and writing in the frame 23 is black.

  In the photographed image of FIG. 11 (a) or (b), there is no shadow in the frame 21 and no writing with a pen of another color is made, so that there is a relative relationship of R> B> G existing in the frame 21. All the pixels are portions where writing is performed with the red pen (S13).

  Therefore, the color calibration unit 42 extracts the lowest R value as R_r_min among the pixels having a relative relationship of R> B> G existing in the frame 21 (S14).

  Since this R_r_min is the minimum value that can be taken by the pixel to be written in red under the environment at this time, the extraction means 41 uses R_r_min to extract the writing information, and R> B> G and R> R_r_min are converted to RGB. By converting (255, 0, 0), the red pen portion is converted into a clear red color.

  In addition, since an element that requires a threshold value acquired at the time of calibration slightly changes depending on the characteristics of the camera lens and the CCD, it is preferable to acquire an element suitable for the imaging system to be used.

  The blue and black colors obtain the necessary threshold values in the same manner. As shown in FIG. 11 (a), the coordinates of the dialog on the screen and the position of the frame where the writing is performed with the blue and black markers in the dialog are also known. The coordinates of the made area and the area written with the blue pen can be easily obtained.

  That is, since only the blue pen and the background exist in the writing frame of the blue pen, the color calibration means 42 acquires the lowest value of B from the writing portion and extracts it as B_b_min. Similarly, for the black pen writing frame, for example, the lowest G value is extracted as Bk_g_min. This completes the calibration of the projection type display device.

  R_r_min, B_r_min, and Bk_r_min are stored in the storage unit 15. Color calibration is performed at the time of installation of the light emitting display device, and is stored as, for example, an ini file or a registry file. When the writing information is extracted using the projection display device, it is determined based on this value how many color pens the writing portion in the image is made with.

  Specifically, for example, the red pen pixel is known to have a RGB relative value of R> B> G, and the minimum R value is stored as R_r_min under the installation environment. The extracting means 41 replaces a pixel in which a predetermined pixel is R> G> B and R> R_r_min at the time of color conversion with (255, 0, 0). Similarly, a pixel with RGB of B> G> R and B> B_b_min is extracted as (0,0,255), and a pixel with G value G <Bk_g_min is extracted as (0,0,0). Means 41 converts.

  As described above, by acquiring values necessary for the color conversion processing of the writing unit of the photographed image at the installation stage of the projection display device, it is possible to perform color conversion processing that is flexible to changes in external light conditions. .

[Brightness correction]
In the present embodiment, a method for reducing unevenness in the amount of light caused by ambient ambient light conditions will be described. FIG. 13 shows an image of a plain writing surface 3 that has not been written. In FIG. 13, since the external light incident from the front of the writing surface 3 is used at the time of photographing by the CCD camera 6, the luminance on the left side is high and a density gradient is formed in the image.

  In order to prevent the threshold value set when extracting the writing information from being changed depending on the part in the captured image due to unevenness in the amount of light as shown in FIG. 13, the brightness correction means 43 uses the plain image of FIG. To correct the shading of the written image. In the shading correction, the density gradient can be corrected by obtaining the ratio of the density value of the pixel value of the plain image to the pixel value of the writing image and replacing the pixel value of the writing image with a value converted to a width of 0 to 255.

  The shading correction will be described with reference to FIG. Depending on the ambient light conditions, bright and dark portions, that is, luminance gradients are generated in the image. In the written image, an image written on a portion with high luminance is photographed with high luminance, and an image written on a portion with low luminance is photographed with low luminance. As shown in FIG. 14B, the brightness gradient on a certain line in the plain image (y = J in FIG. 14) increases as the brightness gradient moves away from the origin in the X-axis direction.

  FIG. 14C shows a written image in which writing is performed in a single color under the environment of external light as shown in FIG. FIG. 14D shows the luminance gradient on the line (y = J). As shown in FIG. 14D, when there is a luminance gradient due to external light, even if writing is performed with the same color pen, the luminance value in the image varies depending on the portion of the shooting screen, and the luminance value varies depending on the writing location. There will be a difference. For example, in FIG. 14D, the Δk1 luminance value differs between the left character and the central character, and the Δk2 luminance value differs between the central character and the right character. If the brightness values are different, the RGB values are different even if written with the same color pen. Therefore, the brightness gradient of the written photographed image is corrected based on the brightness gradient of the plain image by shading correction.

Since the angle of view of the plain image without writing written in advance and the recorded image with writing are the same, the coordinates (I, J) on the plain image are (I , J) and one-to-one correspondence. The pixel values R, Gc, Bc of the pixels in the written image are respectively Rc, Gc, Bc, and the pixel values R, Gn, Bn on the plain image of the same coordinates are Rn, Gn, Bn
R = (Rc / Rn) x 255
B = (Bc / Bn) x 255
G = (Gc / Gn) x 255
It is represented by Pixel values Rn, Gn, and Bn on the plain image are held as a plain luminance distribution 431.

  FIG. 15A shows a captured image of a written image in which the luminance gradient is corrected by the corrected pixel values R, G, and B, and FIG. 15B shows the luminance gradient. As shown in FIG. 15B, since the luminance gradient of the corrected pixel values R, G, and B is corrected, the luminance drop in the same color is eliminated. The brightness correction unit 43 corrects the light amount unevenness, so that a clear captured image of the writing surface can be obtained, and a higher quality writing image can be extracted. A plain image for correcting unevenness in the amount of light may be taken automatically when the apparatus is activated, or may be taken at an arbitrary timing by a user operation.

[Composition of write information]
Next, a description will be given of a method of pasting write information extracted from a captured image on a projected file and re-projecting it as a projected image. FIG. 16 is a flow chart for composing and projecting write information on a file. With reference to the flowchart of FIG. 16, a case will be described in which an image can be pasted by an external control for a file that can be displayed by software that can handle bitmap objects.

  As described so far, first, as shown in FIG. 17A, the CCD camera 6 takes a written image (S31). Next, as shown in FIG. 17B, the extraction unit 11 extracts a portion having a writing area from the captured image. Since the projected image and the captured image have a one-to-one correspondence, the writing image composition unit 45 can acquire the image size and the pasting position.

  By the way, in the case of an application that publishes an API (Application Program Interface), for example, Microsoft Office (registered trademark), writing information obtained by the photographing unit can be added to the file of the application in an editable manner.

  For example, when a user projects a document file of word processing software (for example, Word (registered trademark)) and writes an additional sentence or a figure on the writing surface 3, the user writes the part to be corrected or related. . The floodlight-type display device of the present embodiment extracts writing information written on the writing surface 3 and pastes it as an image on the projected document. For this reason, when pasting is performed and reprojection is performed, the written information preferably matches the position actually written on the writing surface 3.

  Since the window coordinates of the word processor software projected from the PC in the projected image can be acquired, and the position of the writing surface 3 can be converted into the coordinates in the captured image, the pasting position of the extracted image can be converted. Also, the word processor software calls the Paste () function from the dynamic link library DLL 46, and gives the information of the size and pasting position of the additional image to the Paste () function as arguments, so that the writing image compositing means 45 can specify the specified position ( The write information can be pasted at substantially the same position of the file that was projected when the write information was written.

  Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 10B, the upper left coordinates p1 (x1, y1), the width x2-x1 and the height y2-y1 of the extracted write information are given as arguments, and the white portion is made transparent. If pasted into a Word file, the extracted written image can be pasted at a designated position (S33).

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 17C, the extracted write information is pasted into the file of the word processor software as if it was directly written in the file. When the pasted word processor software image is projected from the projector 7, as shown in FIG. 17D, the write information is superimposed on the word processor software file and projected. FIG. 17D shows the writing information written on the projection surface extracted from the written image and pasted as a bitmap object in a file of word processing software. Therefore, it is possible to add annotation information to an application software file that can be pasted with an external control.

  By the way, in the case of an application that does not disclose an internally operable function (library) such as a DLL, the method described so far cannot be performed. In the case of such an application, a method of projecting the extracted writing information by superimposing it on the original file will be described.

  FIG. 18 shows a method in which a projected document is developed into an image file using a virtual printer driver, the writing information extracted using the extracting unit 41 is pasted by the writing image synthesizing unit 45 and displayed in a hierarchical structure. Indicates.

  A printer driver usually prints application print information on paper. A virtual printer driver is software for outputting print information as a file (hereinafter referred to as an image file) in addition to an actual printer. is there. If the application has a print function, the virtual file output unit 47 sets the virtual printer driver as the output destination driver, and the file information is output as an image file.

  FIG. 18A shows an application document displayed on the PC screen. When the virtual file output means 47 outputs a document as shown in FIG. 18A to an image file by a virtual printer, an image file as shown in FIG. 18B is obtained. When the document output by the virtual printer has a plurality of pages, the image file has a hierarchical structure of images of a plurality of pages.

  If a document of an application having a printing function is developed into a hierarchical image file through a virtual printer driver, for example, a pasting function (file pasting means 48) provided by application software adds arbitrary image information. Thereby, the write image composition means 45 can synthesize the write information into a file without being restricted by whether or not a function (library) that can be internally operated such as DLL is disclosed.

  Therefore, when the write information as shown in FIG. 18C is extracted, the write information is pasted by developing it into an image file by the virtual printer driver, and the write information is written into the original document as shown in FIG. Can be obtained.

  When this method is used in an apparatus having a writable writing surface, a means for projecting an image from the back surface of the projection surface, and a means for reading an image from the back surface of the projection surface, the user can project the projected image projected from the projector 7. Can freely write in a superimposed manner, shoot the projection plane with the built-in imaging means, extract writing information from the obtained captured image, and add the writing information to the projected original file Can do.

  By managing in a hierarchical structure through a virtual printer driver as in this embodiment, an application having a printing function can manage files and added write information so that they can be edited later.

[Whiteboard usage]
Next, a description will be given of a method for saving the written contents using the projection display device like a whiteboard. For example, a screen on which a white dialog is displayed on the full screen when the application is started is projected onto the projection plane 4. FIG. 19 shows an example of a screen displaying a white dialog in full screen. It is preferable to display the operation dialog 52 on a part of the screen. In FIG. 19, a toolbar is displayed at the bottom of the screen, but the toolbar may not be displayed.

  Since the projected screen is a plain screen with a predetermined brightness, the user can write on the writing surface 3 with a marker in the same manner as an electronic blackboard or whiteboard. When the writing is finished, clicking the operation dialog button (CLIPBOARD button in FIG. 19) shoots the writing surface 3 by the CCD camera, converts the background and noise to white by the above method, and extracts the writing information. Therefore, the write information storage means 49 stores the extracted write information in the clipboard. If the user performs a paste operation for so-called cut and paste on an arbitrary application, the information (image) written on the writing surface 3 can be pasted on the application.

  The user activates an arbitrary application that can handle a bitmap object (an application that can paste an image), and pastes the write information to this file, thereby allowing the write information by the marker to be stored electronically. The color and display size of the dialog to be displayed can be set to an arbitrary size. The CLIPBOARD button of the dialog may be a button with another name, and may be set to perform this process when a specific button is clicked.

  As described above, the projection display device, the projection display method, and the projection display program according to the present embodiment can extract information written on the writing surface with higher quality, and can effectively use the extracted image. .

It is a perspective view of a projection type display apparatus. It is sectional drawing of a projection type display apparatus. It is a functional block diagram of a projection type display apparatus, and a hardware block diagram of a control apparatus (PC). It is a flowchart figure of the process which image | photographs a projection surface and extracts writing information from the image | photographed image. It is an example of the image which image | photographed the writing surface in which writing was made. It is an example of the image in which the shadow of the hand held near the writing surface at the time of shooting was reflected. It is a figure for demonstrating the variable threshold value process of 3x3 pixel. It is an example of the writing information which excluded the background part. It is an example of writing information after color conversion It is a figure which shows the process which extracts only the area | region with writing. It is a figure which shows the dialog for color calibration. It is a flowchart figure which shows the process which extracts the lower limit of R value of a pixel. This is an image of a plain writing surface that has not been written. It is a figure for demonstrating correction | amendment of luminance distribution. This is a photographed image of a written image in which the luminance gradient is corrected by the corrected pixel values R, G, and B. It is a flowchart figure which synthesize | combines writing information on a file and projects. It is a figure which shows the flow of a process which synthesize | combines write information into a file. It is a figure which shows the process which synthesize | combines write information into a file with the application which is not releasing the function which can be operated internally. It is an example of the screen which displayed the white dialog in full screen.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Projection type display apparatus 3 Writing surface 4 Projection surface 5 Mirror 6 CCD camera 7 Projector 11 Extraction part 12 Imaging | photography part
13 Projector 14 Synthesizer 15 Storage

Claims (18)

Projection means for forming a predetermined projection image on the projection surface, a writing surface on which writing information can be written so as to overlap with the projection image, and the writing information written on the writing surface are arranged in two dimensions. In a projection display device having an imaging unit for imaging with the imaging unit
Extracting means for extracting the writing information from the writing image photographed by the photographing means based on at least one of a relative value or contour information of a color signal of each pixel of the writing image;
A projection display device characterized by that. Color calibration means for calibrating the discrimination of the relative value of the color signal;
The color calibration means includes
Writing frame projection means for projecting a writing frame for designating a predetermined color onto the projection plane by the projection means;
Writing frame photographing means for photographing the writing information written in the specified predetermined color by the photographing means;
Based on the color designated on the projection plane and the color signal of the portion corresponding to the writing frame in the writing image taken by the writing frame photographing means, a color calibration value for discriminating the predetermined color is obtained. Extract,
The projection display device according to claim 1. When the projection display device is activated, a plain luminance distribution storage means for photographing a plain projection surface by the photographing means and storing a luminance distribution of the photographed plain image;
Luminance correction means for smoothing the luminance distribution of the predetermined writing image photographed by the photographing means based on the luminance distribution of the plain image stored in the plain luminance distribution storage means;
The projection display device according to claim 1, further comprising: The extraction means includes
A writing area extracting means for extracting a substantially rectangular area where writing exists from the writing image;
The projection display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The projection image is a projection of the contents of a predetermined file,
Write image composition means for pasting the write information extracted by the extraction means at substantially the same position of the file that was projected when the write information was written,
The projecting unit projects the content of the predetermined file combined with the writing image by the writing image combining unit onto the projection plane.
The projection display device according to claim 1, wherein the projection display device is a projection display device. The write image composition means is a dynamic link library that can use software for displaying the contents of the predetermined file.
The projection display device according to claim 5. The written image composition means comprises:
Image file output means for outputting the predetermined file as one or a plurality of image files by a printer driver;
File pasting means for pasting the write information extracted by the extracting means to the image file output by the image file outputting means,
The projection display device according to claim 5. Write information storage means for storing the write information extracted by the extraction means in a clipboard;
The projection display device according to claim 1. A projecting step of projecting a predetermined image on the projection surface, and an imaging step of photographing the writing information written on the writing surface superimposed on the image projected on the projection surface with an imaging unit in which pixels are two-dimensionally arranged And a projection display method comprising:
An extraction step of extracting the writing information based on at least one of a relative value or contour information of a color signal of each pixel of the writing image from the writing image photographed in the photographing step;
A projection display method characterized by the above. A color calibration step for calibrating the discrimination of the relative value of the color signal;
The color calibration step includes
A writing frame projecting step of projecting a writing frame designating a predetermined color on the projection plane;
A writing frame photographing step for photographing the writing information written in the designated predetermined color,
Based on the color specified on the projection plane and the color signal of the portion corresponding to the writing frame in the writing image shot in the writing frame shooting step, a color calibration value for determining the predetermined color is determined. Extract,
The projection display method according to claim 9. A plain luminance distribution storing step of photographing a plain projection plane projected on the projection plane and storing a luminance distribution of the photographed plain image;
A luminance correction step of smoothing a luminance distribution of a writing image photographed by the photographing step based on the luminance distribution stored by the plain luminance distribution storing step;
The projection display method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by comprising: The extraction step includes
A writing area extracting step of extracting a substantially rectangular area where writing exists from the writing image;
The projection display method according to claim 9, wherein A file writing photographing step for photographing writing information written on a writing surface superimposed with a projection surface on which the content of a predetermined file is projected;
A writing image composition step for pasting the writing information extracted from the writing image photographed by the file writing photographing step at substantially the same position of the file that was projected when the writing information was written;
The projecting step projects the content of the predetermined file, in which the writing image is combined by the writing image combining step, onto the projection plane.
The projection display method according to claim 9, wherein The writing image synthesis step uses a dynamic link library that can be used by software that displays the contents of the predetermined file, and the writing image is substantially the same as the file that was projected when the writing information was written. Paste in position,
The projection display method according to claim 13. The written image composition step includes:
An image file output step of outputting the predetermined file as one or a plurality of image files by a printer driver;
A file pasting step for pasting the write information extracted by the extraction step to the image file output by the image file output step;
The projection display method according to claim 13. A writing information storage step of storing the writing information extracted in the extraction step in a clipboard;
The projection display method according to claim 9.   A projection display program for causing a computer to execute the projection display method according to claim 9.   A computer-readable recording medium on which the program according to claim 17 is recorded.