JP2006258292A - Washer, fastener with washer, fastening method for fastener with washer and fastening tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a washer comprising two annular parts inner and outer and capable of being displaced in an axial direction without rotating the inner part relative to the outer part and being completely separated. <P>SOLUTION: In the washer provided with a first support surface contacted with a nut; a second support surface coming into contact with an object; and a rotation resistance surface coming into contact with a bolt, the washer is made to an integral structure by connecting the inner part positioned at the inner side in a radial direction and the outer part positioned at the outer side in the radial direction by a joint element having flexibility in an axial direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a washer, a fastener with a washer, a method for tightening the fastener with a washer, and a tightening tool.

  A replacement nut consisting of a plurality of parts, for example, a nut provided with an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, a bolt screwed into the nut, and a fastener made of a washer, tightening two or more objects together, Well known. An example of a replacement nut is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,341,560, and another replacement nut is described in US Pat. No. 6,254,323. The bolt of the latter US patent has a spline below the upper threaded portion, and a washer is non-rotatably joined to the spline. And the bolt is provided with the engaging means which receives the reaction force, when the action force of a tool rotates a nut. The common features of the fasteners described in the two U.S. patents are that the working force and reaction force of a single tool can be used, the installation of a reaction arm on the tool is unnecessary, and the rotation of the tool. Converting the force (torque) into bolt extension without torsion, and estimating the bolt when the force is transmitted from the extended bolt to the hand tightening nut than the torque estimated by the predicted friction from the actual friction Rather than stretching based on stress relaxation, the desired bolt residual load is initially obtained.

  The problem with the fastener described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,341,560 is that the outer diameter of the outer sleeve matches the outer diameter of the standard nut because the nut is composed of two inner and outer sleeves. Is that the thickness of the two sleeves must be thinner than the standard nut. This means that a high-strength material must be used for the sleeve material. Also, the fastener described in US Pat. No. 6,254,323 requires a change in bolt, which makes the entire fastener costly and unacceptable to industry. .

  A new washer that can eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks and a fastener equipped with the washer are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,609,868 related to the inventors' invention. 10 / 112,101, 10 / 427,103, 10 / 655,182 and the like. This new washer is used between a nut screwed into the bolt and an object through which the bolt is inserted. The washer includes a first bearing surface that is in surface contact with the nut and cooperates with the nut, a second bearing surface that is in surface contact with the object and cooperates with the object, and a rotational resistance surface that meshes with the bolt and obstructs its rotation. The inner part of the washer that engages the bolt and is located radially inside the washer cannot rotate freely during tightening, but is displaced axially within the outer part of the washer located radially outside Stretch. If the nut is rotated in one direction with a predetermined force and at the same time the washer receives the same predetermined force in the opposite direction, only the nut will rotate and the bolt will be stretched, and the bolt body will not rotate due to friction. On the other hand, the bolt also does not rotate but only stretches or relaxes in the axial direction.

  If a washer and a fastener are designed as in the above-described invention and a tightening method and a tightening tool according to the invention are used, a standard nut can be used. Since only a new washer is needed for tightening the object, the overall cost of the fastener can be reduced, and ordinary bolts and nuts can be used. Furthermore, instead of acting directly or indirectly on a part of the nut, the washer exclusively absorbs the reaction force. Furthermore, if the above new washer is used, it is the first advantage introduced in the U.S. patent, that is, the bolt stretches torsion free, the known coefficient of friction between the nut and the washer, and the known bolt load. The advantage that a tool without reaction force can be used is not impaired.

  The washer described in US Pat. No. 6,609,868 and US patent application Ser. No. 10 / 427,103 according to our invention consists of two parts with means for interacting with each other. The radially inner part does not rotate with respect to the outer part, but instead is displaced axially. Therefore, the two parts must be manufactured and assembled separately. The washers described in US patent application Ser. Nos. 10 / 112,101 and 10 / 655,182 are initially manufactured as a single part, integral washer, but with the application of axial force. In response to the bolt extending in the axial direction, the washer itself breaks so that the inner portion is pulled in the axial direction. Therefore, with this type of washer, it is necessary to accurately predict the breaking point.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a washer that can eliminate the problems of known washers, a fastener provided with the washer, a method for integrating objects using the fastener, and a power tool used in combination with the fastener. It is to provide.

  The washer according to the present invention is used together with a bolt having a shaft inserted into an object including at least two parts to be integrated and a nut screwed into the bolt, and usually between the object and the nut. Used by being sandwiched. The washer according to the present invention includes a first bearing surface that is in surface contact with the nut on one surface and a second bearing surface that is in surface contact with the object on the other surface, and a rotational resistance surface that meshes with the bolt radially inward. It has. The washer comprises a one-piece body having an inner portion located radially inward with the rotation resistance surface and an outer portion located radially outward, and when the bolt is extended, The part does not rotate but is displaced axially relative to the outer part, but does not completely separate from the outer part and maintains a unitary structure. Therefore, when the nut is rotated in one direction with a predetermined force and the reaction force is simultaneously received by the washer of the present invention, only the nut rotates and the bolt is extended, but the bolt and the washer are not rotated. As it is maintained, the bolt is subjected to axial forces.

  The present invention also provides a fastener for use in fastening an object having at least two parts, the fastener comprising a bolt having a shaft that can be inserted into the object, and a nut that can be screwed into the bolt. And a washer used between the object and the nut. The washer of the fastener includes a first bearing surface that is in surface contact with the nut on one surface thereof, and a second bearing surface that is in surface contact with the object on the other surface, and meshes with the bolts radially inward. The washer is provided with a rotation resistance surface, and the washer is composed of a one-piece body having an inner portion located radially inward with the rotation resistance surface and an outer portion located radially outward. When the fastener is tightened, the inner portion does not rotate but is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer portion, but does not completely separate from the outer portion and maintains an integral structure. In the fastener of the present invention, when the nut is rotated in one direction with a predetermined force and simultaneously the reaction force is received by the washer, only the nut rotates and the bolt is extended, but the bolt and the washer are kept non-rotating. Is done.

  The present invention also provides a method of integrating at least two parts, the method including inserting a bolt having a shaft through an object including the at least two parts, and a nut in the bolt. And a washer between the object and the nut, the first support surface of the washer is brought into contact with the nut, and the second support surface is brought into contact with the object, and the rotational resistance surface located inside the washer The nut is rotated in one direction with a predetermined force, and at the same time the reaction force is received by the washer, and the washer sandwiched between the object and the nut is located radially inward, It is composed of a one-piece body having an inner part having the rotation resistance surface and an outer part located radially outward, and the inner part of the washer is non-rotating when the nut is tightened. In the direction Ordinating, but the inner and outer portions is characterized by maintaining the integral structure without separating.

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Furthermore, the present invention provides a power tool used for tightening integration of an object, and the tool includes a tool part and a fastener part, and the tool part includes a housing part and a drive element. The drive part located in the inside. The fastener part includes a bolt having a shaft that can be inserted into an object including at least two parts that are assembled together, a nut that can be screwed to the bolt, and a first bearing surface that contacts the nut at one end of the axial direction. It has a second bearing surface that comes into contact with an object at the other end in the axial direction, and is composed of a washer having a body portion that is provided with a rotation resistance surface on the inside that can mesh with a bolt. The washer body has a one-piece integrated structure in which the inner portion located radially inward and the outer portion located radially outside have the rotation resistance surface that can mesh with the bolt, and the nut In the tightening process, the inner part is displaced axially without rotating with respect to the outer part, but the two parts are not completely separated but maintain a unitary structure. When the nut is rotated in one direction with a predetermined force from the drive element of the tool and the reaction force is absorbed by the housing of the tool through the washer body, the nut rotates but the washer remains non-rotated. Thus, the bolt does not rotate and is stretched or relaxed.

  The washer of the present invention, which is employed in the fastener, the tightening method and the tightening tool according to the present invention, is a one-piece structure and is not broken during use. Therefore, the inner side that is radially inward of the washer The part and the outer part on the outside maintain a unitary structure without being separated from each other.

  The characteristic features of the present invention are described in the claims, but the configuration, objects and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description along the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a threaded fastener with a bolt 1, which is inserted, for example, into an object 2 consisting of two parts to be integrated. The fastener further includes a nut 3, and the nut includes an inner screw 4 that is screwed with an outer screw 5 of the bolt 1.

  The threaded fastener of FIG. 1 further comprises a washer indicated generally by the numeral 6. The washer 6 has a barrel portion 7, which has a first bearing surface 8 that contacts and cooperates with the nut 3, and a second bearing surface 9 that contacts and cooperates with the object 2, and further has at least one rotational resistance radially inward. A surface 10 is provided. The first and second bearing surfaces are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction, in other words, spaced apart from each other in the direction of the washer axis A1 that coincides with the bolt axis A2. The at least one rotation resistance surface 10 is located on the radially inner side of the body portion 7 and is shaped so as to mesh with the outer surface of the bolt 1. In the specific example shown in FIG. 1, the screw 11 of the bolt 1 is engaged with the screw 5 by providing the screw 11 on the rotational resistance surface.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the washer barrel 7 comprises two parts radially spaced from each other, namely a part 7 "located radially inward and a part 7 'located radially outward, A rotational resistance surface 10 with a screw is provided radially inward of the inner part 7 ".

  The inner part 7 "and the outer part 7 'of the washer are connected so that they do not rotate with each other but are relatively movable in the axial direction. To achieve this, the inner part 7" And the outer part 7 'are joined together by a joining element 7 "', the inner part 7" cannot rotate relative to the outer part 7 'but can move in the axial direction. Therefore, a movement resistance (movement stopping force) larger than the rotational force transmitted to the bolt is generated in the washer, and even if the nut is rotated, the bolt does not rotate in conjunction with this, and the inner portion 7 "of the washer is In other words, when the power tool holds the washer and rotates the nut, the inner member 7 "of the washer is not rotated and the bolt is also hugged by this. Does not rotate because it is. Then, when the bolt is pulled by the rotation of the nut, the inner part 7 "of the washer moves with the bolt in the axial direction relative to the outer part 7 '.

  In order to be able to move axially without rotating the inner part 7 "with respect to the inner part 7" of the washer, the joining element 7 "'connecting the parts is axially flexible and axially Is formed of a material that is inflexible in the circumferential direction and not adapted to the displacement in the circumferential direction. The axial flexibility of the joining element 7 "' A weak point that makes it easy to bend in the axial direction of the washer can be imparted, for example, by providing a circumferential slot 13 (see FIG. 3) with a joining element 7 ″ ′.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when the rotary tool 21 for rotating the nut 5 is attached to the fastener of the present invention, the drive unit 22 of the tool is fitted to the nut 5, and the screw resistance between the bolt 1 is reduced. Overcome and rotate the nut. The housing portion 23 of the tool 21 is fitted to the washer 6, and the rotation resistance of the nut is reduced by surface resistance between the washer and the nut 5, between the washer and one of the objects, and between the washer and the bolt 1. Absorbs force (force of reaction). That is, the bolt and the washer absorb the rotational torque of the tool without rotating.

  In order to firmly engage the drive unit 22 and the nut 5 of the tool 21, the drive unit and the nut have a shape suitable for mutual engagement with the contact portion 12 of the both, for example, the contact portion 12 has a polygonal shape or Splines can be employed. Similarly, in order to firmly engage the housing portion 23 of the tool 21 with the washer 6, the housing portion and the corresponding portion 13 of the washer can be provided with a shape useful for engagement. It can be square or spline.

  In FIG. 1, the rotational resistance surface of the washer 6 is engaged with the screw 5 of the bolt by the screw 11 of the resistance surface. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the washer is located on the non-threaded portion of the bolt prepared below the threaded portion of the bolt 1. In this case, the rotational resistance surface of the inner part 7 "of the washer engages the unthreaded outer surface of the bolt 1 and prevents rotation of the bolt when tightening the nut.

  In addition, according to the present invention, when the bolt is extended, the inner portion 7 "of the washer moves in the axial direction with respect to the outer portion 7 ', and the adhesion between the inner portion 7" of the washer and the bolt 1 is improved. Will increase. Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 2, the washer joint element 7 "'extends downward in the radial direction from the outer portion 7' toward the inner portion 7". When the inner portion 7 "moves axially upward in response to the bolt extension, the inner end of the joining element 7" 'also moves axially upward together with the inner portion, but the result of trying to maintain the original horizontal position The inner part 7 "will be pushed radially inward towards the outer surface of the bolt 1, so that the adhesion between the inner part 7" of the washer and the bolt 1 is increased.

  In order for the inner part 7 "of the washer to move radially inward toward the outer surface of the bolt 1 and to increase the adhesion with the bolt 1, the inner part 7" must be able to deflect radially inward. I must. One example of realizing this is to form the inner portion 7 "into a shape having, for example, two gaps 16 and two segments (arcs) 15, as shown in FIG. For example, when the inner end of the joining element 7 ″ ′ moves in the axial direction in FIG. 2, the joining element 7 ″ pushes the segment 15 radially inward toward the outer surface of the bolt 1.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the inner part 7 "of the washer can initially be located below the outer part 7 'when viewed laterally, in other words the lower surface of the inner part 7". Can be located below the lower surface of the outer part 7 '. In the washer having such a structure, when the nut 3 rotates, the inner portion 7 "moves immediately upward in the axial direction, and at the same time, the segment 15 moves radially inward to engage with the outer surface of the bolt 1.

  The joining element 7 "'can take various forms, and various forms can be adopted in which the inner part 7" can be moved in the axial direction with respect to the outer part 7' when the bolt is extended. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the joining element 7 "'is formed of a flexible corrugated material 17, which allows the inner portion 7" to move axially with respect to the outer portion 7'.

  The washer including the washer according to the present invention, the fastener provided with the washer, the method for integrating the object using the fastener, and the tightening tool are not limited to the specific examples shown in the drawings, and do not depart from the technical idea of the present invention. Various modifications are possible.

The figure which shows the fastener provided with the washer which concerns on this invention. Sectional drawing of the washer shown in FIG. The top view of the washer shown in FIG. The fragmentary sectional view of the power tool provided with the washer which concerns on this invention, and cooperating with a fastener. The figure which shows the fastener provided with another washer which concerns on this invention. Sectional drawing of another washer which concerns on this invention. Sectional drawing which shows another aspect of the washer which concerns on this invention. FIG. 8 is a plain view of the washer shown in FIG. 7.

Explanation of symbols

1: Washer 2: Object 3: Nut 4: Inner screw 5: Outer screw 6: Washer 7 ': Outer part 7 ": Inner part 8: First bearing surface 9: Second bearing surface 10: Rotation resistance surface 11: Screw 13: Slot 15: Segment 16: Clearance 21: Power tool 22: Drive unit 23: Housing

Claims (20)

  A nut that is screwed into a bolt having a shaft inserted into an object including at least two parts to be integrated, and a washer sandwiched between the objects, and the washer is a first support that contacts the nut on one surface. The surface has a second bearing surface in contact with the object on the other surface, and has a rotation resistance surface that meshes with the bolt radially inward, and the washer has the rotation resistance surface and is positioned radially inward. It consists of a one-piece body with an inner part and an outer part located radially outward. During the tightening process, the nut is rotated in one direction with a predetermined force, and at the same time, the reaction force is received by the washer body. When this is done, the bolt and the washer barrel do not rotate, only the nut rotates and the bolt is extended, and the extension of the bolt displaces the inner part axially with respect to the outer part without rotating, The outer part Washer to maintain the integral structure without separating.   2. The inner portion and the outer portion are connected to each other so that the inner portion does not rotate and is displaced in the axial direction relative to the outer portion in the process of tightening the nut so as not to be separated from the outer portion. The listed washer.   The washer according to claim 1, wherein the inner portion and the outer portion are formed so that adhesion between the bolt and the inner portion increases when the inner portion is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer portion.   The one-piece integrally structured body includes joining means for connecting the inner part and the outer part to form an integral structure, and when the inner part is displaced axially with respect to the outer part, the joining means is connected to the bolt and the inner part. The washer according to claim 3, which increases adhesion with the washer.   The washer according to claim 1, wherein an inner portion of the washer body portion is composed of a plurality of individual portions, and each portion is spaced circumferentially around the axis of the washer body portion with a gap therebetween.   A fastener comprising a bolt that can be inserted into an object including at least two parts to be integrated, a nut that is screwed into the bolt, and a washer that is sandwiched between the object and the nut, The washer has a first bearing surface in contact with the nut on one surface, a second bearing surface in contact with the object on the other surface, a rotation resistance surface meshing with the bolt on the radially inner side, and the washer And a one-piece body having an inner portion located radially inward and having an outer portion located radially outward with the rotational resistance surface, and the nut is tightened with a predetermined force during tightening When rotating in one direction and simultaneously receiving the reaction force on the washer body, the bolt and the washer body do not rotate, only the nut rotates and the bolt is extended. Outside without rotation Is displaced axially relative to the portion, wherein the fastener, characterized in that the outer portion maintains a unitary structure without separating.   The tightening according to claim 6, wherein the inner part is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer part without rotation in the process of tightening the nut, but the inner part and the outer part are connected so as not to be separated from the outer part. Ingredients.   The fastener according to claim 6, wherein the inner portion and the outer portion are formed so that adhesion between the inner portion and the bolt increases when the inner portion is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer portion.   The one-piece body includes a joining means for connecting the inner part and the outer part, and when the inner part is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer part, the adhesion between the inner part and the bolt is increased. The fastener according to claim 6, wherein a joining means is formed.   The fastener according to claim 6, wherein an inner portion of the washer body portion is composed of a plurality of individual portions, and each portion is spaced circumferentially around the shaft of the washer body portion with a gap therebetween.   A step of inserting a bolt into an object including at least two parts to be integrated, a step of screwing a nut into the bolt, a step of sandwiching a washer between the object and the nut, and a nut with a predetermined force In a method for assembling an object, including a step of rotating in a direction and simultaneously receiving the reaction force by a washer, the first bearing surface where the washer contacts a nut on one surface and a second bearing where the object contacts the other surface And a rotation resistance surface that meshes with the bolt on the radially inner side, and the washer includes an inner portion located on the radially inner side with the rotation resistance surface and an outer portion located on the radially outer side. It consists of a one-piece body, and the inner part of the body is displaced axially with respect to the outer part of the body without rotating by tightening the bolt during tightening, but it is integrated without being separated from the outer part. Wherein the object method of assembling maintaining the granulation.   12. The object according to claim 11, wherein the inner portion and the outer portion are connected so that the inner portion is not rotated and is axially displaced with respect to the outer portion in a tightening process, but is not separated from the outer portion. Assembly method.   12. The method of assembling an object according to claim 11, wherein the inner portion and the outer portion are formed so that adhesion between the inner portion and the bolt is increased when the inner portion is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer portion. .   The one-piece body includes a joining means for connecting the inner part and the outer part, and when the inner part is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer part, the adhesion between the inner part and the bolt is increased. The method for assembling an object according to claim 11, wherein joining means are formed.   The method for assembling an object according to claim 11, wherein an inner portion of the washer body portion is formed of a plurality of individual portions, and each portion is spaced circumferentially around the shaft of the washer body portion with a gap therebetween. An object clamping tool including a tool portion and a fastener portion, wherein the tool portion includes a housing and a drive unit that includes a drive element and is housed in the housing, the fastener portion including:
A bolt that can be inserted into an object including at least two parts to be integrated, a nut that is screwed to the bolt, and a washer that is sandwiched between the object and the nut. A first bearing surface in contact with the nut on the surface, a second bearing surface in contact with the object on the other surface, and a rotational resistance surface meshing with the bolt radially inward, and the washer having the rotational resistance described above It is composed of a one-piece body having an inner part located on the radially inner side and a radially outer part with a face. The nut is rotated in one direction by the drive element, and at the same time a washer body When the reaction force is received by the housing through the bolt, the nut and the washer body do not rotate, only the nut rotates and the bolt is extended, and the inner part of the washer body is extended by the bolt extension. It is displaced axially relative to the minute, the object clamping tool for holding the piece without leaving the outer portion.   17. The object tightening according to claim 16, wherein the inner portion and the outer portion are connected so that the inner portion is not rotated and is axially displaced with respect to the outer portion in the tightening process, but is not separated from the outer portion. tool.   The object tightening tool according to claim 16, wherein the inner portion and the outer portion are formed so that adhesion between the inner portion and the bolt increases when the inner portion is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer portion.   The one-piece body includes a joining means for connecting the inner part and the outer part, and when the inner part is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the outer part, the adhesion between the inner part and the bolt is increased. The object clamping tool according to claim 16, wherein a joining means is formed.   The object tightening tool according to claim 16, wherein an inner portion of the washer body portion is formed of a plurality of individual portions, and each portion is spaced circumferentially around the shaft of the washer body portion with a gap therebetween.

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