JP2005161369A - Garbage treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a garbage treatment apparatus which can successively and effectively reduce the volume of a wide variety of garbage. <P>SOLUTION: The garbage treatment apparatus comprises a hopper to accommodate the garbage, a pair of pulverization cutters which accommodate and pulverize the garbage from the hopper and a volume reduction processor which accommodates, compresses and dehydrates the garbage pulverized by a pair of pulverization cutters and then discharges it as volume reduction objects. The volume reduction processor comprises a pair of screws, in which the spiral direction and rotational direction of a screw blade are different each other and the spiral pitch of the screw blade becomes smaller toward the feed direction, a dehydrating screen which surrounds a pair of the screws, a disk stopper which is located at the end of a pair of the screws to provide a prescribed compressive load to the garbage. A pair of the screws are designed such that one of the screw blades enters into a space between the other of the screw blades. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage disposal apparatus, and more particularly to a garbage disposal apparatus with improved efficiency of volume reduction processing for reducing volume by compressing and dewatering crushed garbage.

  In hotels and canteens, various miscellaneous garbage is generated from soft leaf vegetables to hard cabbage cores, fish bones, and leftovers. In addition, a large amount of peculiar garbage is generated in the vegetable market and the flower market. Such garbage is not only bulky but also contains a large amount of water, and therefore, it is required to dehydrate and reduce the volume as much as possible when disposing. As a garbage processing apparatus for processing such garbage in a continuous and efficient manner, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a powerful pair of crushing cutters for crushing garbage and a helical compression of the garbage by a screw conveyor. There has been proposed a garbage disposal apparatus having a dehydration and volume reduction mechanism using water and a screen clogging prevention mechanism by washing with water.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, in a squeeze-type dehydrating apparatus configured such that a screw is rotatably inserted into an outer cylinder and a pressure cone is provided on the raw material discharge port side, the screw is engaged with two screws. There has been proposed a dehydrating apparatus comprising a screw, wherein a drain end is formed by providing a punching metal at the end of the outer cylinder by inclining the rear end side of the screw lower than the front end side.

JP 2002-136955 A JP 2000-695 A

  However, in the apparatus according to the proposal of Patent Document 1, it is possible to highly dehydrate and reduce the volume of garbage, but when the dehydration rate increases, the volume reduction product becomes stuck in the apparatus, making it difficult to discharge it. There is. In addition, the apparatus according to the proposal of Patent Document 2 has a problem that a high degree of dewatering is difficult because the drain outlet is provided only at the end of the garbage input side. Furthermore, although it has been shown that the conveying capacity is improved by meshing two screws, there is no indication of preventing clogging of the reduced volume in the apparatus.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of such a conventional garbage processing apparatus, in particular, a garbage processing apparatus that dehydrates and reduces the volume of garbage using a screw conveyor. Furthermore, it aims at proposing the garbage processing apparatus which can carry out volume reduction processing continuously.

  The garbage processing apparatus according to the present invention includes a hopper that receives garbage, a pair of crushing cutters that accepts and crushes garbage from the hopper, and receives and squeezes and dewaters the garbage crushed by the pair of crushing cutters. In the garbage processing apparatus having a volume reduction processing mechanism for discharging as a chemical, and a drive mechanism for the pair of crushing cutters and the volume reduction processing mechanism, the volume reduction processing mechanism includes a spiral direction and a rotation direction of a screw blade. Are different from each other and the spiral pitch of the screw blades decreases toward the feeding method, a dewatering screen surrounding the pair of screws, and a predetermined compression load on the garbage provided at the ends of the pair of screws. A disk stopper, and the pair of screws is one screw blade. In which they are combined so as to enter between the square screw blade.

  In the above garbage disposal apparatus, the allowance for one screw blade to enter the other screw blade should be in the range of 5 to 95% of the height of the blade, and the compressive force applied to the garbage by the disk stopper is It should be 20-400kPa. Further, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the disk stopper is made smaller than the hole diameter of the discharge port so that a gap serving as a discharge port is provided between the outer periphery of the disk stopper and the disk stopper and the end plate.

  The garbage processing apparatus according to the present invention can rapidly and efficiently reduce the volume of various kinds of garbage generated in large quantities while maintaining a high dehydration rate and volume reduction rate.

  FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a garbage disposal apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view. The present garbage processing apparatus receives a hopper 11 that receives garbage, a pair of crushing cutters 21 and 25 that receive and crush garbage from the hopper 11, and a garbage that is crushed by the pair of crushing cutters 21 and 25 The volume reduction processing mechanism 30 that is squeezed and dehydrated and discharged as a volume reduction product 100, the pair of crushing cutters 21 and 25, and the drive mechanism 60 of the volume reduction processing mechanism 30 are integrally housed in the frame 2. Furthermore, the present garbage disposal apparatus has a watering device 80 that cleans the inside of the hopper 11 and the volume reduction treatment mechanism 30, and a drainage device 90 that discharges moisture generated by the pressurization and dehydration by the volume reduction treatment mechanism 30. .

  In this example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pair of crushing cutters 21 and 25 are provided in the case 3 provided at the lower part of the hopper 11. The pair of crushing cutters 21 and 25 mesh with each other, and rotate in different directions and at different speeds by the motor 61 via the sprocket 72, the chain 73, the sprocket 74, and a gear (not shown). As a result, even garbage including fish bones and disposable chopsticks can be finely crushed, and the finely crushed garbage can be supplied to 30 parts of the volume reduction mechanism 30 described below. In addition, the said structure may be the same as that of what is shown conventionally, for example, patent document 1. FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the volume reduction processing mechanism 30 is provided in the lower part of the pair of crushing cutters 21 and 25, which is provided in the outer cylinder 4 integrally coupled to the frame body 2. A pair of screws 31, 35, a dewatering screen 41 surrounding them as a set, and disk stoppers 51, 55 provided at the ends of these screws 31, 35 are provided.

  The pair of screws 31 and 35 are combined such that two screws having the same dimensions but different spiral directions of the screw blades 33 and 37 are reversed. Therefore, gears 65 and 66 are attached to the ends of the shafts 32 and 36 of these screws so that the motors 61 rotate in different directions and at the same speed through the sprocket 64, the chain 63, and the sprocket 62. It has become. One end of each of the shafts 32 and 36 of the screws 31 and 35 is supported by a mounting portion extending from one end of the case 3, and the other end is pivotally supported via a bearing 38 and 39 by a lid 6 attached to the outer cylinder 4 integrally. It has become so.

  In addition, the screw blades 33 and 37 have a helical pitch that gradually decreases toward the feeding method. The spiral pitch may be appropriately selected depending on the type of garbage to be processed and the required dehydration / squeezing rate. For example, when processing vegetables such as cabbage, the adjacent pitch ratio is set to 1 / 1.15 to 1 / 1.35. It is also preferable to set the ratio of the first and last pitches to 1 / 2.5-1 / 5.

  Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the pair of screws 31, 35 are combined so that one screw blade 33 enters between the other screw blades 37. Since these screws rotate reversely to each other, the garbage entering between one screw blade is subjected to a rotational force in the opposite direction by the other screw blade, and the garbage is rotated integrally with the screw and discharged ( It is possible to prevent a problem that it is not transported. Moreover, the compressed garbage is loosened by the rotation force in the reverse direction, and it becomes easier to discharge the garbage. This facilitates continuous discharge of garbage, which has been difficult in the past even if the volume reduction rate is increased.

  The insertion allowance (blade overlap allowance) for one screw blade 33 to enter between the other screw blades 37 may be selected in the range of 5 to 95%. If the blade overlap margin is less than 5%, the cutting effect of the reduced volume garbage by the screw blades 33 and 37 cannot be expected, and continuous discharge of the garbage becomes difficult. If the blade overlap margin exceeds 95%, the possibility of mutual contact between the screw blades 33 and 37 is increased, which is not preferable. In general, the higher the blade overlap, the higher the effect between the above-mentioned screw blades, but because the processing (conveying) capacity of garbage per unit time decreases, the blade overlap is 30-80%. Is preferred.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the dewatering screen 41 has a large number of small holes 42 for dehydration. The dewatering screen 41 is disposed in the outer cylinder 4 so as to surround the pair of screws 31 and 35 as a set. The dewatering screen preferably surrounds the screws 31 and 35 so as to have a slight gap with respect to the envelope formed by the outer shape of the pair of screws 31 and 35, for example, a gap of about 2 mm. A portion of the dewatering screen 41 connected to the crushing cutters 21 and 25 is opened to serve as an entrance 7 for crushed food waste. The food waste finely crushed by the crushing cutters 21 and 25 with the above configuration is reduced in volume while being pressed against the dewatering screen 41 having a large number of small holes 42, so that water dehydrated from the food waste is quickly drained. High dehydration and volume reduction can be performed.

  The structure of the terminal portion of the volume reducing mechanism 30 including the pair of screws 31 and 35 and the dehydrating screen 41 configured as described above is shown in FIGS. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the terminal portion of the volume reduction processing mechanism 30 in a state where the present apparatus is assembled, and FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the end plate 5 is integrally coupled to the outer tube 4 and the end plate 5 is provided with two discharge ports 8 and 9 concentrically with the screws 31 and 35. ing. If the connection between the end plate 5 and the outer cylinder 4 is detachable as a screw connection, the maintenance of the volume reducing mechanism 30 can be facilitated.

  Ends of the screws 31 and 35 are pivotally supported via bearings 38 and 39 provided on the lid 6, and the lid 6 is integrally screwed to the end plate 5. Disc stoppers 51 and 55 slidable along the shafts 32 and 36 are provided between the bearings 38 and 39 and the end portions of the screw blades 33 and 37. Nuts 53 and 57 are screwed onto the shafts 32 and 36, and springs 52 and 56 are provided between the nuts 53 and 57 and the disk stoppers 51 and 55. The disk stoppers 51 and 55 are urged by the springs 52 and 56 so as to fit into the discharge ports 8 and 9 provided in the end plate 5 and are in contact with the terminal portions of the screw blades 33 and 37.

  Since the disk stoppers 51 and 55 are urged in the direction opposite to the screw feeding direction in this way, when the volume of garbage is reduced by this apparatus, the disk stoppers 51 and 55 are continuously fed from the crushing cutters 21 and 25. Garbage is pushed into the disk stoppers 51 and 55 and reduced in volume. When the pushing force due to this pushing action exceeds a predetermined value, the disk stoppers 51 and 55 move to the right in FIG. 4 against the biasing force of the spring, and a gap is formed between the end plate 5 and the disk stoppers 51 and 55. As a result, the volume-reduced product 100 is discharged from the gap (discharge ports 8, 9) as shown in FIG. This state lasts as long as the supply of crushed garbage from the crushing cutters 21 and 25 continues, and the garbage receives a predetermined range of compression force by the spring, and the garbage whose volume has been reduced to a predetermined level is continuously discharged.

  The appropriate value of compressive force applied to garbage varies depending on the type of garbage and the processing capacity, but in the case of garbage discharged at hotels, etc., the load pressure on the garbage can be adjusted to 20 to 400 kPa. What should I do? If the load pressure on the garbage is less than 20 kPa, the garbage cannot be sufficiently dehydrated. On the other hand, if it exceeds 400 kPa, the equipment becomes too expensive to ensure the mechanical strength of the volume reduction processing mechanism. In general, a low load pressure is sufficient for processing non-fibre garbage, and a high load pressure is used for treating fiber garbage. Usually, the load pressure is preferably 40 to 200 kPa.

  In the above example, the case where the disk stoppers 51 and 55 are fitted in the discharge ports 8 and 9 of the end plate 5 to the extent that they can move along the shafts 32 and 36 without contacting the end plate 5 has been described. However, the disk stoppers 51 and 55 can be fitted on the outer periphery of the disk stoppers 51 and 55 with a predetermined gap. In other words, the outer diameter of the disk stoppers 51, 55 is made smaller than the hole diameter of the discharge ports 8, 9, so that the garbage can be discharged even when the disk stoppers 51, 55 are fitted in the discharge ports 8, 9. Can be provided.

  The gap is preferably 5 to 15 mm as a difference in diameter between the hole diameters of the discharge ports 8 and 9 and the outer diameter of the disk stoppers 51 and 55. By providing such a gap, it is possible to efficiently reduce the volume of non-fibre garbage. That is, when the gap is less than 5 mm, the resistance to pass through the gap in the garbage is increased and the disc stopper is moved against the spring, so that the processing speed of the garbage is reduced. On the other hand, if the gap exceeds 15 mm, the required load pressure cannot be applied to the garbage, and sufficient volume reduction cannot be achieved.

  In this example, the disc stoppers 51 and 55 and the springs 52 and 56 act to apply a predetermined compressive force to the garbage. The structure of the disc stoppers 51 and 55 is as shown in FIG. May be attached to the outer cylinder 4 or may be attached to the lid 6 as shown in FIG. In place of the springs 52 and 56, for example, a pneumatic cylinder can be used.

  Using the above garbage disposal apparatus, 180 kg of garbage discarded from the hotel was treated. The garbage contained fibrous cabbage and pineapple, and shells. The blade overlap margin was 55%, the load pressure on the garbage was 60 to 120 kPa, the treatment time was 10 minutes, and the volume reduction rate was 65 to 70%. In this treatment, volume reduction treatment could be continuously performed without any problem.

It is front sectional drawing of the garbage processing apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a side view of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the engagement state of the screw used for the said apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the termination | terminus part of the volume reduction processing mechanism of the state which assembled the said apparatus. It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other structure of the disk stopper part of the said apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

2 Frame
3 cases
4 outer cylinder
5 End plate
6 Lid
7 Entrance
8, 9 Discharge port
11 Hopper
21, 25 Crusher
30 Volume reduction mechanism
31 screw
32 shaft
33 Screw blade
35 screw
36 shaft
37 Screw blade
38, 39 Bearing
41 Dehydration screen
42 small holes
51 Disc stopper
52 Spring
53 Nut
55 Disc stopper
56 Spring
57 nut
60 Drive mechanism
61 motor
62 Sprocket
63 chain
64 sprocket
65, 66 gear
72 Sprocket
73 chain
74 Sprocket
80 Watering device
90 Drainage device
100 Volume reduction

Claims (4)

A hopper that receives garbage, a pair of crushing cutters that accepts and crushes garbage from the hopper, and a volume reduction processing mechanism that receives the garbage crushed by the pair of crushing cutters, depressurizes and discharges it as a volume reduction product And a garbage disposal apparatus having the pair of crushing cutters and a drive mechanism of the volume reduction processing mechanism,
The volume reduction mechanism includes a pair of screws in which the spiral direction and the rotational direction of the screw blades are different from each other, and the spiral pitch of the screw blades decreases toward the feeding method, a dewatering screen surrounding the pair of screws, and A pair of screw stoppers provided at the ends of the pair of screws to apply a predetermined compression load to the garbage, and the pair of screws are combined so that one screw blade enters between the other screw blades The garbage processing apparatus characterized by being.   2. The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the allowance for entering one screw blade into the other screw blade is in the range of 5 to 95% of the height of the blade.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compression force applied to the garbage by the disk stopper is 20 to 400 kPa.   The outer diameter of the disk stopper is made smaller than the hole diameter of the discharge port, and a gap serving as a discharge port is provided between the outer periphery of the disk stopper and the disk stopper and the end plate. Garbage disposal equipment.

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