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JP2005046667A - Honeycomb carrier for exhaust gas cleaning catalyst and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Honeycomb carrier for exhaust gas cleaning catalyst and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005046667A
JP2005046667A JP2003203271A JP2003203271A JP2005046667A JP 2005046667 A JP2005046667 A JP 2005046667A JP 2003203271 A JP2003203271 A JP 2003203271A JP 2003203271 A JP2003203271 A JP 2003203271A JP 2005046667 A JP2005046667 A JP 2005046667A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
containing compound
honeycomb carrier
mass
aluminum magnesium
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JP2003203271A
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JP4609831B2 (en
Inventor
Tsutomu Fukuda
勉 福田
Masahiro Fukuda
匡洋 福田
Masaaki Fukuda
匡晃 福田
Toshinobu Yokoo
俊信 横尾
Masahide Takahashi
雅英 高橋
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Ohcera Co Ltd
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Ohcera Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003203271A priority Critical patent/JP4609831B2/en
Application filed by Ohcera Co Ltd filed Critical Ohcera Co Ltd
Priority to CN2007100971354A priority patent/CN101091925B/en
Priority to EP20040771230 priority patent/EP1652830A4/en
Priority to US10/566,270 priority patent/US8685363B2/en
Priority to CA002533387A priority patent/CA2533387A1/en
Priority to KR1020057023260A priority patent/KR101154903B1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2004/011203 priority patent/WO2005009918A1/en
Priority to CNB2004800183312A priority patent/CN100400464C/en
Publication of JP2005046667A publication Critical patent/JP2005046667A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a honeycomb carrier used for supporting a cleaning catalyst for cleaning an exhaust gas or the like, especially an NO<SB>x</SB>-containing exhaust gas of a car, excellent in heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, mechanical strength and thermal decomposition resistance, having large corrosion resistance against the catalyst and stably usable over a long period of time, and its manufacturing method. <P>SOLUTION: The material of the honeycomb carrier for the exhaust gas cleaning catalyst comprises an aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body obtained by baking a molded body formed from the following raw material mixture at 1,000-1,700°C. The raw material mixture contains 100 pts. mass of a mixture, which contains an Mg-containing compound, an Al-containing compound and a Ti-containing compound in the same metal component ratio as the metal component ratio in aluminum magnesium titanate represented by the composition formula: Mg<SB>x</SB>Al<SB>2(1+x)</SB>TiO<SB>5</SB>(0<x<1) in terms of oxides, and 1-10 pts. mass of alkali feldspar represented by the composition formula: (Na<SB>y</SB>K<SB>1-y</SB>)AlSi<SB>3</SB>O<SB>8</SB>(0≤y≤1). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、各種の排ガス、特に、排ガス中にNOxが含まれる、自動車用の排ガスを浄化する触媒を担持するための担体及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
各種の燃焼排ガスの浄化装置のなかで、特に現在広く使用されている自動車排ガス浄化装置に使用される触媒を担持するためのハニカム担体に要求される主な特性は、所謂、耐熱性や耐熱衝撃性である。これは、排ガス中の未燃焼炭化水素や一酸化炭素の触媒酸化反応により急激な発熱が生じるために、850℃以上の高温度になるため、高い耐熱性が必要である。また、耐熱衝撃性は、このような急激な発熱による温度上昇のために、ハニカム内に引き起こされる熱応力により亀裂や破壊に耐える性質である。耐熱衝撃性は、熱膨張係数が小さいほどその耐久温度差が大きい。
【0003】
このような耐熱性や耐熱衝撃性の要求のために、従来、ハニカム担体の材質としては、各種のセラミクスが提案されているものの、もっぱらコージェライト材料が使用されている。コージェライト材料が使用される主な理由は、コージェライトが1400℃という高い耐熱性を有するとともに、セラミクスのなかでも熱膨張係数が極めて小さく、耐熱衝撃性が大きいことにある。
【0004】
しかしながら、ハニカム担体の材質としてコージェライト材料は、耐熱性や耐熱衝撃性についてはかなり優れた性質を有するが、一方で、環境上の問題からその除去が急務とされる窒素酸化物(NOx)を含有する排ガスの浄化する触媒担体として使用される場合に重要な難点を有する。すなわち、排ガス中のNOxの除去触媒として、通常、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属成分を含む触媒が使用されるが、この場合、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属の一部が、高温度下においては、担体であるコージェライト内に浸透し、コージェライトと反応する結果、コージェライトの劣化を招くとともに、触媒の損失をもたらすために排ガス中のNOxの除去の低下を引き起こす。これを防ぐために、触媒表面をシリカ(SiO)で被覆する方法などが提案されているが、余分の工程を必要とし、コストの上昇を余儀なくする。
【0005】
一方、燃費の向上や環境上の問題から、近年自動車の主流の燃焼方式になってきている、燃料をエンジン内に直接噴射する方式や燃料を稀薄燃焼させる方式では、排ガス中のNOxの除去は、炭化水素や一酸化炭素よりも特に重要な問題になっている。このため、排ガスの浄化触媒を担持するハニカム担体は、その材質としてコージェライトに代わる材料が切望されている。
【0006】
コージェライト以外の材質として、特許文献1には、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、ムライト、アルミウムチタネート(チタン酸アルミニウム)、リチウムアルミウムシリケートなどのセラミクスが羅列されているが、これらはいずれも上記ハニカム担体の材料としては不充分である。すなわち、炭化ケイ素、ムライトなどは熱膨張係数が大きく耐熱衝撃性が劣る。また、窒化ケイ素、リチウムアルミニウムシリケートなどは耐熱性の点で性能として不充分である。
【0007】
また、アルミニウムチタネートは、1700℃を越える高温下でも優れた安定性、極めて小さい熱膨張係数、及び優れた耐熱衝撃性を有する。しかし、一方においては、結晶構造の異方性が大きいために結晶粒界に熱応力によるズレが生じ易いため機械的強度が小さいという欠点がある結果、壁厚の薄いセル密度の大きいハニカムの製造は困難であり、また自動車などに搭載され、高温下で機械的振動の負荷がかかる排ガスフィルタとしての使用は困難である。さらに、これらのアルミウムチタネートなどは、通常800〜1280℃の温度範囲に分解領域を有し、このような温度範囲を含む領域で長時間継続使用できないという問題点を有す。
【特許文献1】WO01/037971号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、特に、排ガス中にNOxが含まれる、自動車用の排ガスを浄化する触媒を担持するための担体であって、耐熱性、耐熱衝撃性、機械的強度、及び熱分解耐性に優れ、かつアルカリ成分を含有する触媒に対する耐侵食性が高く、長期の使用でも劣化することのない耐久性に優れたハニカム担体、及びその製造方法を提供する。
【0009】
【課題を解決する手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムに着目し鋭意検討したところ次の新規な知見を得た。すなわち、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物に対して、特定のアルカリ長石を添加した混合物を焼成して得られる焼結体を使用したハニカム担体は、高い耐熱性と低熱膨張性に基づく耐熱衝撃性を維持しながら、従来のチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体と異なり、大きい機械的強度、熱分解耐性を有するとともに、この焼結体は、NOxを除去する触媒として、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属成分を含む触媒が使用する場合も従来のコージェライト材料のように劣化することがなく、長期にわたり安定して使用できるという知見が得られた。
【0010】
かかる本発明は、上記新規な知見に基づいて完成されたものであり、次の要旨を有するものである。
(1)排ガスを浄化させる触媒を担持するためのハニカム担体であって、該ハニカム担体の材質が、組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにおけるMg,Al及びTiの金属成分比と同様の金属成分比率で含む、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物を酸化物換算量として100質量部と、並びに組成式:(Na1−y)AlSi(式中、0≦y≦1)で表わされるアルカリ長石1〜10質量部とを含有する原料混合物を1000〜1700℃で焼成したチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体であることを特徴とする排ガス浄化触媒用ハニカム担体。
(2)ハニカム構造触媒担体が、壁厚0.05〜0.6mm、セル密度15〜124セル/cmを有し、かつ隔壁の気孔率が20〜50%、熱膨張係数が3.0×10−6−1以下である上記(1)に記載のハニカム担体。
(3)前記触媒が、排ガス中のNOxを除去するためのアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属成分を含む、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の触媒担体。
(4)排ガスが、燃料をエンジン内に直接噴射する方式又は燃料を稀薄燃焼させる方式の自動車の排ガスである、上記(1)、(2)又は(3)に記載のハニカム担体。
(5)組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにおけるMg,Al及びTiの金属成分比と同様の金属成分比率で含む、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物を酸化物換算量として100質量部、並びに組成式:(Na1−y)AlSi(式中、0≦y≦1)で表わされるアルカリ長石を1〜10質量部含有する原料混合物を調製し、該原料混合物に成形助剤を加えて混練して押出成形可能に可塑化し、ハニカム体に押出成形後、1000〜1700℃にて焼成することを特徴とする排ガス浄化触媒用ハニカム担体の製造方法。
(6)前記原料混合物に含まれる各成分の平均粒子径が10μm以下である上記(5)に記載の製造方法。
(7)排ガスを浄化させる触媒を担持したハニカム担体に排ガスを接触させる排ガスの浄化方法であって、該ハニカム担体の材質が、組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにおけるMg,Al及びTiの金属成分比と同様の金属成分比率で含む、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物を酸化物換算量として100質量部と、組成式:(Na1−y)AlSi(式中、0≦y≦1)で表わされるアルカリ長石1〜10質量部とを含有する混合物を1000〜1700℃で焼成したチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体であることを特徴とする排ガスの浄化方法。
【0011】
本発明によるハニカム担体が、何故に、上記のように高い耐熱性と耐熱衝撃性を維持しながら、従来のチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体とは異なり、優れた機械的強度と熱分解耐性を有し、更には、NOxを含有する排ガスの浄化するアルカリ金属成分を含む触媒担体として使用される場合にも劣化しないかについては、必ずしも明確でないが、ほぼ下記の理由によるものと推測される。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明のハニカム担体の基本構造となるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの結晶は、その生成過程においてアルカリ長石が存在することにより、アルカリ長石が液相となる状態で成長されるために緻密な結晶が形成され機械的強度が向上する。また、アルカリ長石に含まれるSi成分は、焼成によってチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムを形成する際にチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの結晶格子に固溶するが、その際のSiの固溶形態には6配位で存在して結晶粒内部で固溶するものと、4配位で存在して結晶粒表層部で固溶するものの2種類が考えられる。これは NMR (核磁気共鳴) 測定によってチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム結晶中のSiが6配位と4配位の2種類の状態で存在していることが観測された結果によっても裏付けられる。
【0013】
すなわち、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム結晶粒の内部に固溶するSiは6配位で存在して4価であって、同じく6配位で2価のMgとペアとなって、両者でトータル6価となり、隣接する2つの6配位で3価のAl(トータル6価)を置換する。この理由としては、電荷のバランスが保たれるためであることはもとより、イオン半径の相関からも説明できる。つまりSi4+とMg2+のイオン半径はそれぞれ0.54Åと0.86Å、であり、両者の平均イオン半径は0.70Åとなることから、Al3+のイオン半径の0.68Åと近似したものとなり、Si4+とMg2+のペアによる2つのAl3+の占有はエネルギー的にも無理のない固溶状態になるためである。このように、SiとMgの同時存在によって、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムは高温下でも各カチオン間のイオンの拡散を抑制でき、安定な結晶構造をとるため、優れた熱分解耐性を発現するものと考えられる。
【0014】
一方、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム結晶粒の表層部に固溶するSiは6配位としてではなく4配位で存在する。これは表層部のSiは酸素を共有する、いわゆる相手となるカチオンが少ないために、酸素の結合状態がより安定な4配位をとるためと考えられる。このように結晶粒の表層部に固溶するSiはチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの結晶を擬似的にコーティングする状態となり、本発明のハニカム担体がアルカリ金属を含む触媒担体として使用される場合にも、高温下におけるアルカリ成分による担体への侵食に対して優れた耐食性を有することとなり、長時間使用しても劣化しない特性をもたらすと考えられる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明では、上記ハニカム構造触媒担体の材質として、組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにおけるMg,Al及びTiの金属成分比と同様の金属成分比率で含む、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物を酸化物換算量として100質量部、並びに組成式:(Na1−y)AlSi(式中、0≦y≦1)で表わされるアルカリ長石を1〜10質量部含有する原料混合物を1000〜1700℃で焼成したチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体が使用される。
【0016】
原料として用いる上記Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物、及びTi含有化合物としては、焼成によりチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムを合成できる成分であれば特に限定なく使用できる。Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物、及びTi含有化合物としては、それぞれ別の化合物でなくてもよく、2種以上の金属成分を含む化合物であってもよい。これらの原料化合物は、通常、アルミナセラミクス、チタニアセラミクス、マグネシアセラミクス、チタン酸アルミウムセラミクス、チタン酸マグネシウムセラミクス、スピネルセラミクス、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムセラミクスなどの各種セラミクスの原料として用いられるもののうちから適宜選択して用いればよい。このような化合物の具体例としては、Al、TiO、MgOなどの酸化物、MgAl、AlTiO、MgTiO、MgとTiを含む各スピネル型構造体などの2種類以上の金属成分を含む複合酸化物、Al、Ti及びMgからなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上の金属成分を含む化合物(炭酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩など)などを例示できる。
【0017】
Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物、及びTi含有化合物の混合割合はこれらの化合物に含まれる金属成分の比率が、上記した組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにおけるMg,Al及びTiの金属成分比と同様の比率、好ましくは同一の比率となるようにすればよい。このような割合で上記各化合物を混合して用いることによって、原料として用いた混合物における金属成分比と同様の金属成分比を有するチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムを得ることができる。
【0018】
本発明のハニカム担体を得る場合、上記したMg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物に対して、添加剤としてアルカリ長石を加えることが必要である。アルカリ長石は、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの焼結助剤であるとともに、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにSi成分を添加する役割を兼ねるものであり、組成式:(Na1−y)AlSiで表わされる。式中、yは、0≦y≦1を満足し、0.1≦y≦1が好ましく、特に、0.15≦y≦0.85であるものが好ましい。この範囲のy値を有するアルカリ長石は融点が低く、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの焼結促進に特に有効である。
【0019】
アルカリ長石の使用量は、原料として用いる、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物の各化合物を酸化物に換算した合計値100質量部に対して1〜10質量部程度とすればよく、好ましくは3〜5質量部程度とするのが好適である。この場合の原料混合物を酸化物に換算した合計量とは、原料混合物中に含まれる水分や有機物を除去するための加熱処理を行った後、また、仮焼結を行った場合には、仮焼結後の本焼成前の質量とする。
【0020】
Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物にアルカリ長石を加えた原料混合物は、必要に応じて他の焼結助剤を加えて得られる焼結体の性質を改善できる。他の焼結助剤としては、例えば、Mgを含むスピネル型構造の酸化物、MgCO、MgOなどが挙げられる。
【0021】
上記の原料混合物は、充分に混合し、粉砕される。原料混合物の混合、粉砕については、特に限定的でなく既知の方法に従って行われる。例えば、ボールミル、媒体攪拌ミルなどを用いて行えばよい。原料混合物の粉砕の程度は、特に限定的でないが、平均粒子径が好ましくは10μm以下、特に好ましくは1〜5μmが好適である。原料混合物は、二次粒子が形成されない範囲であればできるだけ小さい方が好適である。
【0022】
原料混合物には、好ましくは、成形助剤を配合することができる。成形助剤としては、結合剤、造孔剤、離型剤、消泡剤、及び解こう剤などの既知のものが使用できる。結合剤としては、ポリビニルアルコール、マイクロワックスエマルジョン、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースなどが好ましい。造孔剤としては、活性炭、コークス、ポリエチレン樹脂、でんぷん、黒鉛などが好ましい。離型剤としては、ステアリン酸エマルジョンなどが、消泡剤としては、n−オクチルアルコール、オクチルフェノキシエタノールなどが、解こう剤としては、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミンなどが好ましい。
【0023】
成形助剤の使用量については特に限定的ではないが、本発明の場合には、原料として用いるMg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物の各化合物を酸化物に換算した合計量100質量部に対して、いずれも固形物換算でそれぞれ以下の範囲とするのが好適である。すなわち、結合剤を好ましくは0.2〜0.6質量部程度、造孔剤を好ましくは20〜50質量部程度、離型剤を好ましくは0.2〜0.7質量部程度、消泡剤を好ましくは0.5〜1.5質量部程度、及び解こう剤を好ましくは0.5〜1.5質量部程度用いるのが好適である。
【0024】
上記成形助剤を加えた原料混合物は混合、混練して押出し成形可能に可塑化したものを押出成形によりハニカム体に成形する。押出成形の方法については既知の方法が使用でき、ハニカムのセルの断面形状は、円形、楕円形、四角形、三角形のいずれでもよい。また、ハニカム体の全体の形態は円筒体、角筒体のいずれでもよい。成形されたハニカムは、好ましくは乾燥し、次いで1000〜1700℃、好ましくは1250〜1450℃にて焼成される。焼成雰囲気については特に限定がなく、通常採用されている空気中などの含酸素雰囲気が好ましい。焼成時間は、焼結が充分に進行するまで焼成すればよく、通常は1〜20時間程度が採用される。
【0025】
上記焼成の際の昇温速度や降温速度についても特に制限はなく、得られる焼結体にクラックなどが入らないような条件を適宜設定すればよい。例えば、原料混合物中に含まれる水分、結合剤などの成形助剤を充分に除去するために急激に昇温することなく、徐々に昇温することが好ましい。また、上記した焼成温度に加熱する前に、必要に応じて、好ましくは500〜1000℃程度の温度範囲において、10〜30時間程度の穏やかな昇温により仮焼結を行うことによって、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムが形成する際におけるクラック発生の原因となる焼結体内の応力を緩和することができ、焼結体中のクラックの発生を抑制して緻密でかつ均一な焼結体を得ることができる。
【0026】
このようにして得られる焼結体は、組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムを基本成分として、アルカリ長石に含まれるSi成分がチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの結晶格子中に固溶したものとなる。このような焼結体は、上記したように、高い耐熱性と耐熱衝撃性を有し、かつ結晶構造が安定化されていることにより、優れた機械的強度及び熱分解耐性を有する焼結体となる。
【0027】
その結果、この焼結体からなるハニカム体は、壁厚が例えば0.05〜0.6mm、セル密度が例えば15〜124セル/cmの薄壁ハニカム構造を有する。そして、隔壁の気孔率は例えば20〜50%、熱膨張係数は例えば3.0×10−6−1以下である。このハニカム体は、室温から1600℃程度の高温下においてもチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの熱分解反応が抑制されて安定的に使用できる。
【0028】
上記ハニカム体は、炭化水素、一酸化炭素,NOx,SOxなどの有害成分を含む各種の排ガス、特に、排ガス中にNOxが含まれる、自動車用の排ガスを浄化するための触媒の担体として使用される。特に、本発明のハニカム担体は、高温度においてアルカリに対して安定性を有するので、排ガス中にNOxが比較的高濃度で含まれる、燃料をエンジン内に直接噴射する方式又は燃料を稀薄燃焼させる方式の自動車の排ガスに対して有効である。
【0029】
担体に対して担持させる触媒の種類としては、従来の炭化水素や一酸化炭素を除去する所謂三元触媒など既知の種々のものが使用できるが、本発明では、排ガス中のNOxを除去するためのアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属成分を含む触媒に対して特に有効である。アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属のなかでも、NOx除去に効果的であるカリウムやバリウム、特にカリウムを含む触媒に対して本発明の担体は有効である。
【0030】
本発明のハニカム体に上記触媒を担持させる方法は既知の手段が採用される。触媒を担持させる場合、担持率を改善するために必要に応じて、比表面積の大きい材料、例えばアルミナやシリカを介在させることもできる。すなわち、ハニカム担体にアルミナやシリカを担持させ、該担持させたアルミナやシリカに触媒を担持することができる。触媒を担持したハニカム体は、適宜の保持材を使用して好ましくは缶体内に装備されて使用される。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定して解釈されるべきではないことはもちろんである。
【0032】
実施例1
易焼結性α型アルミナを26.7質量%(20モル%)、アナターゼ型酸化チタンを62.8質量%(60モル%)、及び天然鉱物として存在するペリクレース(periclase)型の酸化マグネシウムを10.5質量%(20モル%)からなる混合物100質量部に対して、(Na0.60.4)AlSiで表されるアルカリ長石を4質量部、バインダーとしてポリビニルアルコールを0.25質量部、解こう剤としてジエチルアミンを1質量部、消泡剤としてポリプロピレングリコール0.5質量部、及び造孔剤として、粒子径30μm以下の活性炭35質量部を加えてボールミルで3時間混合後、120℃の乾燥機で12時間以上乾燥させて原料粉末を得た。
【0033】
得られた原料粉末を平均粒径5μm程度に粉砕し、真空押出し成形機(宮崎鉄工社製)を使用して押出し成形し、壁厚 0.1mm、セル密度93セル/cmの断面四角セル形状を有する直径:129mm、長さ:150mmの円筒形のハニカム体を得た。このハニカム体を乾燥した後、1400℃にて4時間大気中で焼成した。その後、放冷することにより焼結体を得た。
【0034】
比較例1
アルカリ長石を使用しないほかは実施例1と全く同様にしてチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体からなるハニカム形状の焼結体を得た。
【0035】
比較例2
ハニカムフィルタの材料として、コージェライト粉末(2MgO・2Al.・5SiO)を使用し、これから既存の方法で実施することにより実施例1と同形状のハニカムを作製した。
【0036】
[ハニカム焼結体についての特性試験]
上記の実施例1、及び比較例1、2のハニカム焼結体について、気孔率(%)、室温から800℃における熱膨張係数(×10−6−1)、水中投下法による耐熱衝撃抵抗(℃)、軟化温度(℃)、及び圧縮強度(MPa)を測定し、その結果を表1に示した。なお、気孔率は、JISR1634、熱膨張係数は、JISR1618、耐熱衝撃抵抗は、JISR1648、軟化温度は、JISR2209、圧縮強度は、JISR1608に準拠する方法で測定した。なお、圧縮強度については、各ハニカム焼結体から、筒断面の縦、横のセル数がいずれも5セルで長さ方向が15mmの角筒状の検体を切り出し、これを(A)長さ軸方向(axial)、(B)垂直方向(tangential)、(C)長さ軸に45度の斜めの方向(diagonal)の3方向から測定した。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 2005046667
【0038】
[熱分解耐性試験]
実施例1のハニカムフィルタからいずれも縦10mm×横10mm×長さ10mmの試験片を切り出し、1100℃の高温雰囲気に保持し、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの残存率α(%)の経時変化を調べることにより熱分解耐性試験を行った。
【0039】
なお、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの残存率は、X線回折測定(XRD)のスペクトルから以下の方法により求めた。
まず、チタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムが熱分解するときにMgAl(スピネル)とTiO(ルチル)を生じるので、ルチルの(110)面の回折ピークの積分強度(ITiO2(110))とチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの(023)面の回折ピークの積分強度(IMAT(023))を用いてチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムのルチルに対する強度比Rを下記式より求めた。
R=IMAT(023)/(IMAT(023) +ITiO2(110)
更に、1100℃における熱処理を行う前の焼結体についても同様の方法でチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムのルチルに対する強度比Rを求めた。次いで、上記方法で求めたRとRを用いて、下記式よりチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの残存率α(%)を求めた。
α=(R/R)×100
【0040】
実施例1と比較例1の各焼結体についてのチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの残存率αの経時変化を図1にグラフとして示す。図1から明らかなように、実施例1の焼結体は、比較例1の焼結体に比べてチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの残存率αが長時間に渡って高く維持され、熱分解耐性に優れることがわかる。
【0041】
[ハニカム体の耐アルカリ性試験]
自動車用排ガスのNOxの除去触媒であるカリウム含有触媒に対するハニカム体の耐食性を調べるために以下の試験を行った。なお、自動車用排ガスのハニカム担体の使用温度は、室温から850℃の範囲であり、また、カリウム含有触媒のカリウム濃度はそれほど高い濃度ではないが、本試験では、濃度1モル/リットルの硝酸カリウム水溶液に漬浸、乾燥した試験片を、温度900℃に保持された炉に長時間保持するという、厳しい条件での加速試験を行った。
【0042】
[試験方法]
実施例1と比較例2のそれぞれのハニカム体から断面が30mm角で長さ50mmの試験片を切り出し、この試験片を濃度1モル/リットルの硝酸カリウム水溶液中に室温で10〜60分間浸漬した。次いで、該試験片を70℃にて1時間乾燥させた。乾燥させたハニカム体を内径5cm、長さ42cmの管状炉に挿入し、該管状炉中に10%の水分を含む空気を25cc/分にて流入させながら、下記の条件にて所定の時間保持した。その後に管状炉から取り出したハニカム体についてXRD測定を行い、ハニカム体材料の変質について調べた。なお、管状炉中に流入させる10%の水分を含む空気は、60℃に制御された水槽に空気を通過させることにより調製した。試験の結果を表2に示す。
保持条件
炉内温度:900℃、 炉の昇温、降温速度:100℃/時間
保持時間 :50時間、100時間、150時間、200時間
【0043】
【表2】
Figure 2005046667
表2の結果から明らかなように、実施例1のハニカム体は、比較例2のハニカム体に比較してカリウムに対して大きな耐食性を有することがわかる。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
本発明のチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体からなるハニカム担体は、高い耐熱性と低熱膨張性に基づく耐熱衝撃性を維持しながら、従来のチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体とは異なり、大きい機械的強度、及び耐熱分解性を有し、さらに触媒に対する耐食性に優れる。この結果、固定体及び移動体のいずれの燃焼源からの排ガス、特に、排ガス中にNOxが含まれる、自動車用の排ガスを浄化する触媒を担持するための担体として有効である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例1と比較例1の各焼結体についてのチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムの残存率αの経時変化を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carrier for supporting a catalyst for purifying various exhaust gases, particularly NOx contained in the exhaust gas, and for purifying exhaust gases for automobiles, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Among various types of purification equipment for combustion exhaust gas, the main characteristics required for the honeycomb carrier for supporting the catalyst used in the automobile exhaust gas purification equipment currently widely used are the so-called heat resistance and thermal shock. It is sex. This is because a rapid heat generation occurs due to the catalytic oxidation reaction of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas, and the temperature becomes high at 850 ° C. or higher, so high heat resistance is required. Further, the thermal shock resistance is a property that withstands cracks and breakage due to thermal stress caused in the honeycomb due to a temperature rise due to such rapid heat generation. As for thermal shock resistance, the smaller the thermal expansion coefficient, the greater the difference in durability temperature.
[0003]
Because of such demands for heat resistance and thermal shock resistance, various ceramics have been proposed as a material for honeycomb carriers, but cordierite materials are mainly used. The main reason why cordierite materials are used is that cordierite has a high heat resistance of 1400 ° C., and has a very low thermal expansion coefficient and high thermal shock resistance among ceramics.
[0004]
However, cordierite material as a material for the honeycomb carrier has excellent heat resistance and thermal shock resistance. On the other hand, nitrogen oxide (NOx), which is urgently required to be removed due to environmental problems, is used. When used as a catalyst carrier for purifying exhaust gas contained therein, it has an important difficulty. That is, as a catalyst for removing NOx in exhaust gas, a catalyst containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal component is usually used. In this case, a part of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is used at a high temperature. As a result, the cordierite penetrates into the carrier and reacts with the cordierite. As a result, the cordierite is deteriorated and the catalyst is lost. In order to prevent this, the catalyst surface is silica (SiO 2). 2 ) Has been proposed, but an extra process is required, which increases the cost.
[0005]
On the other hand, removal of NOx in exhaust gas is not possible with the direct injection of fuel into the engine or the lean burn of fuel, which has become the mainstream combustion method of automobiles in recent years due to improved fuel economy and environmental problems. It has become a particularly important issue over hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. For this reason, the honeycomb carrier that supports the exhaust gas purification catalyst has been eagerly desired as a material to replace cordierite.
[0006]
As materials other than cordierite, in Patent Document 1, ceramics such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride, mullite, aluminum titanate (aluminum titanate), lithium aluminum silicate, etc. are listed. It is insufficient as a material. That is, silicon carbide, mullite, etc. have a large thermal expansion coefficient and poor thermal shock resistance. Silicon nitride, lithium aluminum silicate, etc. are insufficient in performance in terms of heat resistance.
[0007]
Aluminum titanate also has excellent stability, a very low thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent thermal shock resistance even at high temperatures exceeding 1700 ° C. However, on the other hand, because of the large anisotropy of the crystal structure, there is a drawback that the mechanical strength is small because the crystal grain boundary is likely to be displaced due to thermal stress. In addition, it is difficult to use as an exhaust gas filter that is mounted on an automobile or the like and is subjected to mechanical vibration load at high temperatures. Furthermore, these aluminum titanates have a problem that they usually have a decomposition region in a temperature range of 800 to 1280 ° C. and cannot be used continuously for a long time in a region including such a temperature range.
[Patent Document 1] WO01 / 037971
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is a carrier for supporting a catalyst for purifying automobile exhaust gas, particularly containing NOx in the exhaust gas, and has excellent heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal decomposition resistance, The present invention also provides a honeycomb carrier having high durability against erosion to a catalyst containing an alkali component and excellent in durability that does not deteriorate even after long-term use, and a method for producing the same.
[0009]
[Means for solving the problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has earnestly studied focusing on aluminum magnesium titanate, and has obtained the following novel findings. That is, a honeycomb carrier using a sintered body obtained by firing a mixture obtained by adding a specific alkali feldspar to a mixture containing an Mg-containing compound, an Al-containing compound, and a Ti-containing compound has high heat resistance and low thermal expansion. Unlike the conventional aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body, while maintaining the thermal shock resistance based on the properties, it has high mechanical strength and resistance to thermal decomposition, and this sintered body is an alkali metal as a catalyst for removing NOx. In addition, when a catalyst containing alkaline earth metal components is used, it has been found that the catalyst can be used stably over a long period of time without deterioration as in the case of conventional cordierite materials.
[0010]
The present invention has been completed on the basis of the above-described novel findings and has the following gist.
(1) A honeycomb carrier for supporting a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, the material of the honeycomb carrier being a composition formula: Mg x Al 2 (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 (Wherein, Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound and Ti-containing compound contained in a metal component ratio similar to the metal component ratio of Mg, Al and Ti in aluminum magnesium titanate represented by 0 <x <1) And 100 parts by mass of the oxide-containing mixture as well as the composition formula: (Na y K 1-y ) AlSi 3 O 8 Exhaust gas purification characterized by being an aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body obtained by firing a raw material mixture containing 1 to 10 parts by mass of alkali feldspar represented by the formula (0 ≦ y ≦ 1) at 1000 to 1700 ° C. Honeycomb carrier for catalyst.
(2) The honeycomb structure catalyst carrier has a wall thickness of 0.05 to 0.6 mm and a cell density of 15 to 124 cells / cm. 2 The partition wall has a porosity of 20 to 50% and a thermal expansion coefficient of 3.0 × 10 -6 K -1 The honeycomb carrier according to the above (1), which is the following.
(3) The catalyst carrier according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the catalyst contains an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal component for removing NOx in the exhaust gas.
(4) The honeycomb carrier according to the above (1), (2), or (3), wherein the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas of a vehicle in which fuel is directly injected into the engine or in which fuel is diluted.
(5) Composition formula: Mg x Al 2 (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 (Wherein, Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound and Ti-containing compound contained in a metal component ratio similar to the metal component ratio of Mg, Al and Ti in aluminum magnesium titanate represented by 0 <x <1) 100 parts by mass of the oxide-containing mixture as well as the composition formula: (Na y K 1-y ) AlSi 3 O 8 A raw material mixture containing 1 to 10 parts by mass of alkali feldspar represented by the formula (0 ≦ y ≦ 1) is prepared, a forming aid is added to the raw material mixture, and the mixture is kneaded and plasticized so as to be extruded. A method for manufacturing a honeycomb carrier for an exhaust gas purification catalyst, characterized by firing at 1000 to 1700 ° C after extrusion molding into a body.
(6) The manufacturing method as described in said (5) whose average particle diameter of each component contained in the said raw material mixture is 10 micrometers or less.
(7) A method for purifying exhaust gas in which exhaust gas is brought into contact with a honeycomb carrier carrying a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, wherein the material of the honeycomb carrier has a composition formula: Mg x Al 2 (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 (Wherein, Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound and Ti-containing compound contained in a metal component ratio similar to the metal component ratio of Mg, Al and Ti in aluminum magnesium titanate represented by 0 <x <1) And 100 parts by mass of the oxide-containing mixture, and the composition formula: (Na y K 1-y ) AlSi 3 O 8 Purification of exhaust gas, which is a sintered body of aluminum magnesium titanate sintered at 1000 to 1700 ° C. containing 1 to 10 parts by mass of alkali feldspar represented by the formula (0 ≦ y ≦ 1) Method.
[0011]
The honeycomb carrier according to the present invention has excellent mechanical strength and thermal decomposition resistance, unlike the conventional aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body, while maintaining high heat resistance and thermal shock resistance as described above. Furthermore, although it is not necessarily clear whether it is deteriorated even when used as a catalyst carrier containing an alkali metal component to purify exhaust gas containing NOx, it is presumed that the reason is almost as follows.
[0012]
That is, the crystal of aluminum magnesium titanate, which is the basic structure of the honeycomb carrier of the present invention, is grown in a state where the alkali feldspar is in a liquid phase due to the presence of alkali feldspar in the formation process. Formed and mechanical strength is improved. In addition, the Si component contained in alkali feldspar dissolves in the crystal lattice of aluminum magnesium titanate when aluminum magnesium titanate is formed by firing, but exists in 6-coordinate in the solid solution form of Si. Then, there are two types, that is, a solid solution within the crystal grains and a solid solution that exists in a four-coordinate configuration and forms a solid solution at the crystal grain surface layer. This is supported by the results of observation by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) that Si in the magnesium aluminum titanate crystal exists in two states of 6-coordinate and 4-coordinate.
[0013]
That is, Si that is solid-solved inside the magnesium aluminum titanate crystal grains is hexacoordinated and is tetravalent, and is also paired with hexacoordinated and divalent Mg. Then, trivalent Al (total hexavalent) is replaced by two adjacent six-coordinations. The reason for this can be explained not only from the fact that the charge balance is maintained, but also from the correlation of the ion radius. In other words, Si 4+ And Mg 2+ The ionic radii are 0.54 and 0.86 そ れ ぞ れ, respectively, and the average ionic radius of both is 0.70 、. 3+ Approximate to the ion radius of 0.68 mm, Si 4+ And Mg 2+ Two Al with a pair of 3+ This is because the occupancy is in a solid solution state that is reasonable in terms of energy. In this way, due to the simultaneous presence of Si and Mg, aluminum magnesium titanate can suppress the diffusion of ions between cations even at high temperatures and has a stable crystal structure, so it is considered to exhibit excellent thermal decomposition resistance. It is done.
[0014]
On the other hand, Si dissolved in the surface layer portion of the aluminum magnesium titanate crystal grains is present as tetracoordinate rather than hexacoordinate. This is presumably because Si in the surface layer shares oxygen, that is, so-called partner cations are few, so that the bonding state of oxygen takes a more stable 4-coordination. Thus, Si that is solid-solved in the surface layer portion of the crystal grains is in a state of pseudo-coating aluminum magnesium titanate crystals, and even when the honeycomb carrier of the present invention is used as a catalyst carrier containing an alkali metal, It has excellent corrosion resistance against the erosion of the carrier by the alkali component below, and is considered to bring about a characteristic that does not deteriorate even when used for a long time.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, as the material of the honeycomb structure catalyst carrier, the composition formula: Mg x Al 2 (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 (Wherein, Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound, and Ti-containing compound contained in a metal component ratio similar to the metal component ratio of Mg, Al, and Ti in aluminum magnesium titanate represented by 0 <x <1) 100 parts by mass of the oxide-containing mixture as well as the composition formula: (Na y K 1-y ) AlSi 3 O 8 An aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body obtained by firing a raw material mixture containing 1 to 10 parts by mass of an alkali feldspar represented by (where 0 ≦ y ≦ 1) at 1000 to 1700 ° C. is used.
[0016]
As said Mg containing compound, Al containing compound, and Ti containing compound used as a raw material, if it is a component which can synthesize | combine aluminum magnesium titanate by baking, it can be used without limitation. The Mg-containing compound, the Al-containing compound, and the Ti-containing compound may not be separate compounds, and may be a compound containing two or more metal components. These raw material compounds are appropriately selected from those usually used as raw materials for various ceramics such as alumina ceramics, titania ceramics, magnesia ceramics, aluminum titanate ceramics, magnesium titanate ceramics, spinel ceramics, aluminum magnesium titanate ceramics, etc. Can be used. Specific examples of such compounds include Al. 2 O 3 TiO 2 , Oxides such as MgO, MgAl 2 O 4 , Al 2 TiO 5 , MgTiO 5 , A compound oxide containing one or more metal components selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti and Mg, a composite oxide containing two or more metal components such as each spinel structure containing Mg and Ti ( And carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, etc.).
[0017]
The mixing ratio of the Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound, and Ti-containing compound is that the ratio of the metal component contained in these compounds is the above-described composition formula: Mg x Al 2 (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 (Wherein, in the formula, 0 <x <1) In the aluminum magnesium titanate, the same ratio as the metal component ratio of Mg, Al and Ti, preferably the same ratio may be used. By mixing and using each of the above compounds at such a ratio, aluminum magnesium titanate having a metal component ratio similar to the metal component ratio in the mixture used as a raw material can be obtained.
[0018]
When obtaining the honeycomb carrier of the present invention, it is necessary to add alkali feldspar as an additive to the mixture containing the Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound and Ti-containing compound. Alkali feldspar is a sintering aid for aluminum magnesium titanate and also serves to add Si component to aluminum magnesium titanate. y K 1-y ) AlSi 3 O 8 It is represented by In the formula, y satisfies 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, preferably 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 1, and particularly preferably 0.15 ≦ y ≦ 0.85. Alkaline feldspar having a y value in this range has a low melting point and is particularly effective in promoting the sintering of aluminum magnesium titanate.
[0019]
The amount of alkali feldspar used may be about 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total value of each compound of Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound and Ti-containing compound used as raw materials, The amount is preferably about 3 to 5 parts by mass. In this case, the total amount of the raw material mixture converted into an oxide means that after performing heat treatment for removing moisture and organic matter contained in the raw material mixture, The mass before sintering after sintering.
[0020]
A raw material mixture obtained by adding alkali feldspar to a mixture containing an Mg-containing compound, an Al-containing compound and a Ti-containing compound can improve the properties of a sintered body obtained by adding another sintering aid as necessary. Other sintering aids include, for example, Mg-containing spinel type oxides, MgCO 3 , MgO and the like.
[0021]
The raw material mixture is thoroughly mixed and pulverized. The mixing and pulverization of the raw material mixture is not particularly limited and is performed according to a known method. For example, a ball mill, a medium stirring mill, or the like may be used. The degree of pulverization of the raw material mixture is not particularly limited, but the average particle size is preferably 10 μm or less, particularly preferably 1 to 5 μm. The raw material mixture is preferably as small as possible as long as secondary particles are not formed.
[0022]
Preferably, a molding aid can be blended in the raw material mixture. As molding aids, known ones such as binders, pore formers, mold release agents, antifoaming agents, and peptizers can be used. As the binder, polyvinyl alcohol, microwax emulsion, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and the like are preferable. As the pore former, activated carbon, coke, polyethylene resin, starch, graphite and the like are preferable. As the releasing agent, stearic acid emulsion and the like are preferable, as the antifoaming agent, n-octyl alcohol, octylphenoxyethanol and the like are preferable, and as the peptizer, diethylamine, triethylamine and the like are preferable.
[0023]
The amount of the molding aid used is not particularly limited, but in the case of the present invention, a total amount of 100 parts by mass in which each compound of Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound and Ti-containing compound used as raw materials is converted into an oxide. On the other hand, it is preferable that all be within the following ranges in terms of solid matter. That is, the binder is preferably about 0.2 to 0.6 parts by mass, the pore former is preferably about 20 to 50 parts by mass, the mold release agent is preferably about 0.2 to 0.7 parts by mass, and the defoaming agent It is preferable to use about 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of the agent and preferably about 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of the peptizer.
[0024]
The raw material mixture to which the forming aid is added is mixed, kneaded, and plasticized so as to be extrudable and formed into a honeycomb body by extrusion. A known method can be used as the extrusion method, and the cross-sectional shape of the honeycomb cell may be any of a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, and a triangle. Further, the entire form of the honeycomb body may be a cylindrical body or a rectangular tube body. The formed honeycomb is preferably dried and then fired at 1000-1700 ° C, preferably 1250-1450 ° C. There is no particular limitation on the firing atmosphere, and an oxygen-containing atmosphere such as air that is usually employed is preferable. The firing time may be fired until the sintering proceeds sufficiently, and usually about 1 to 20 hours is employed.
[0025]
There is no restriction | limiting in particular also about the temperature increase rate and temperature decrease rate in the case of the said baking, What is necessary is just to set suitably the conditions which a crack etc. do not enter in the obtained sintered compact. For example, it is preferable to gradually raise the temperature without rapidly raising the temperature in order to sufficiently remove moisture, binders and other molding aids contained in the raw material mixture. Further, before heating to the above-described firing temperature, titanic acid is preferably obtained by performing preliminary sintering at a moderate temperature rise of about 10 to 30 hours, if necessary, preferably in a temperature range of about 500 to 1000 ° C. It is possible to relieve stress in the sintered body that causes cracks when aluminum magnesium is formed, and to suppress the generation of cracks in the sintered body and obtain a dense and uniform sintered body. .
[0026]
The sintered body thus obtained has a composition formula: Mg x Al 2 (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 In the formula, aluminum magnesium titanate represented by 0 <x <1 is used as a basic component, and the Si component contained in the alkali feldspar is dissolved in the crystal lattice of aluminum magnesium titanate. As described above, such a sintered body has high heat resistance and thermal shock resistance, and has a stable crystal structure, thereby having excellent mechanical strength and thermal decomposition resistance. It becomes.
[0027]
As a result, the honeycomb body made of this sintered body has a wall thickness of, for example, 0.05 to 0.6 mm, and a cell density of, for example, 15 to 124 cells / cm. 2 The thin-walled honeycomb structure. And the porosity of a partition is 20 to 50%, for example, and a thermal expansion coefficient is 3.0 * 10, for example. -6 K -1 It is as follows. This honeycomb body can be used stably even at a high temperature of about 1600 ° C. from room temperature because the thermal decomposition reaction of aluminum magnesium titanate is suppressed.
[0028]
The honeycomb body is used as a catalyst carrier for purifying various exhaust gases containing harmful components such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, NOx, SOx, in particular, exhaust gases for automobiles containing NOx in the exhaust gas. The In particular, since the honeycomb carrier of the present invention has stability against alkali at a high temperature, NOx is contained in the exhaust gas at a relatively high concentration, or the fuel is directly injected into the engine or the fuel is diluted and burned. It is effective against the exhaust gas of the automobile of the system.
[0029]
As the type of catalyst supported on the carrier, various known ones such as a so-called three-way catalyst for removing conventional hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide can be used. In the present invention, however, NOx in exhaust gas is removed. It is particularly effective for a catalyst containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal component. Among the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, the carrier of the present invention is effective for catalysts containing potassium and barium, particularly potassium, which are effective for removing NOx.
[0030]
A known means is adopted as a method for supporting the catalyst on the honeycomb body of the present invention. When the catalyst is supported, a material having a large specific surface area, such as alumina or silica, may be interposed as required to improve the loading rate. That is, alumina or silica can be supported on the honeycomb carrier, and the catalyst can be supported on the supported alumina or silica. The honeycomb body supporting the catalyst is preferably used by being mounted in a can body using an appropriate holding material.
[0031]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but it is needless to say that the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto.
[0032]
Example 1
26.7 mass% (20 mol%) of easily sinterable α-type alumina, 62.8 mass% (60 mol%) of anatase-type titanium oxide, and periclase-type magnesium oxide existing as a natural mineral To 100 parts by mass of a mixture consisting of 10.5% by mass (20 mol%), (Na 0.6 K 0.4 ) AlSi 3 O 8 4 parts by weight of the alkali feldspar represented by the formula, 0.25 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol as a binder, 1 part by weight of diethylamine as a peptizer, 0.5 parts by weight of polypropylene glycol as an antifoaming agent, and as a pore-forming agent, 35 parts by mass of activated carbon having a particle size of 30 μm or less was added, mixed for 3 hours by a ball mill, and then dried for 12 hours or more by a dryer at 120 ° C. to obtain a raw material powder.
[0033]
The obtained raw material powder was pulverized to an average particle size of about 5 μm and extruded using a vacuum extrusion molding machine (Miyazaki Tekko Co., Ltd.). The wall thickness was 0.1 mm and the cell density was 93 cells / cm. 2 A cylindrical honeycomb body having a square cell shape with a diameter of 129 mm and a length of 150 mm was obtained. The honeycomb body was dried and then fired at 1400 ° C. for 4 hours in the air. Then, the sintered compact was obtained by standing to cool.
[0034]
Comparative Example 1
A honeycomb-shaped sintered body made of an aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that alkali feldspar was not used.
[0035]
Comparative Example 2
As a material for honeycomb filters, cordierite powder (2MgO · 2Al 2 O 3 .・ 5SiO 2 And a honeycomb having the same shape as that of Example 1 was manufactured by carrying out by an existing method.
[0036]
[Characteristic test on honeycomb sintered body]
For the honeycomb sintered bodies of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the porosity (%), the thermal expansion coefficient from room temperature to 800 ° C. (× 10 -6 K -1 ), Thermal shock resistance (° C.), softening temperature (° C.), and compressive strength (MPa) measured by an underwater dropping method, and the results are shown in Table 1. The porosity was measured by a method in accordance with JIS R1634, the thermal expansion coefficient in accordance with JIS R1618, the thermal shock resistance in JIS R1648, the softening temperature in JIS R2209, and the compressive strength in accordance with JIS R1608. For compressive strength, from each honeycomb sintered body, a sample in the shape of a square tube having a length of 15 mm and a length of 15 mm was cut out from each of the vertical and horizontal cell numbers of the cylinder cross section. Measurements were made from three directions: an axial direction, (B) a vertical direction (tangential), and (C) a diagonal direction of 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 2005046667
[0038]
[Pyrolysis resistance test]
Cut out test pieces each having a length of 10 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a length of 10 mm from the honeycomb filter of Example 1 and hold it in a high-temperature atmosphere at 1100 ° C., and examine the change over time in the residual rate α (%) of aluminum magnesium titanate. The thermal decomposition resistance test was conducted.
[0039]
The residual rate of aluminum magnesium titanate was determined from the spectrum of X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) by the following method.
First, when magnesium magnesium titanate is thermally decomposed, MgAl 2 O 4 (Spinel) and TiO 2 (Rutile), the integrated intensity (I of the diffraction peak on the (110) plane of rutile) TiO2 (110) ) And the integrated intensity of the diffraction peak of the (023) plane of aluminum magnesium titanate (I MAT (023) The strength ratio R of aluminum magnesium titanate to rutile was determined from the following formula.
R = I MAT (023) / (I MAT (023) + I TiO2 (110) )
Furthermore, the strength ratio R of aluminum magnesium titanate to rutile is also applied to the sintered body before heat treatment at 1100 ° C. in the same manner. 0 Asked. Next, R and R determined by the above method 0 The residual rate α (%) of aluminum magnesium titanate was determined from the following formula.
α = (R / R 0 ) × 100
[0040]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change over time in the residual rate α of aluminum magnesium titanate for the sintered bodies of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. As is apparent from FIG. 1, the sintered body of Example 1 has a higher residual rate α of aluminum magnesium titanate over a long period of time and is excellent in thermal decomposition resistance as compared with the sintered body of Comparative Example 1. I understand that.
[0041]
[Alkali resistance test of honeycomb body]
In order to investigate the corrosion resistance of the honeycomb body with respect to the potassium-containing catalyst which is a catalyst for removing NOx from automobile exhaust gas, the following test was conducted. The operating temperature of the honeycomb carrier for automobile exhaust gas is in the range of room temperature to 850 ° C., and the potassium concentration of the potassium-containing catalyst is not so high, but in this test, a potassium nitrate aqueous solution having a concentration of 1 mol / liter. An accelerated test under severe conditions was performed in which a test piece immersed in and dried in a furnace was held in a furnace maintained at a temperature of 900 ° C. for a long time.
[0042]
[Test method]
A test piece having a cross section of 30 mm square and a length of 50 mm was cut out from each honeycomb body of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and this test piece was immersed in an aqueous potassium nitrate solution having a concentration of 1 mol / liter at room temperature for 10 to 60 minutes. Then, the test piece was dried at 70 ° C. for 1 hour. The dried honeycomb body was inserted into a tubular furnace having an inner diameter of 5 cm and a length of 42 cm, and air containing 10% water was allowed to flow into the tubular furnace at 25 cc / min and maintained for a predetermined time under the following conditions. did. Thereafter, the honeycomb body taken out from the tubular furnace was subjected to XRD measurement to examine the alteration of the honeycomb body material. In addition, the air containing 10% of water flowing into the tubular furnace was prepared by passing air through a water tank controlled at 60 ° C. The test results are shown in Table 2.
Retention condition
Furnace temperature: 900 ° C, Furnace temperature rise / fall rate: 100 ° C / hour
Holding time: 50 hours, 100 hours, 150 hours, 200 hours
[0043]
[Table 2]
Figure 2005046667
As is apparent from the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the honeycomb body of Example 1 has greater corrosion resistance to potassium than the honeycomb body of Comparative Example 2.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
Unlike the conventional aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body, the honeycomb carrier made of the aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body of the present invention has high mechanical strength while maintaining the thermal shock resistance based on high heat resistance and low thermal expansion. In addition, it has thermal decomposition resistance and excellent corrosion resistance to the catalyst. As a result, it is effective as a carrier for supporting a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas from any combustion source of the fixed body and the moving body, particularly NOx contained in the exhaust gas, and purifying exhaust gas for automobiles.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the change over time in the residual ratio α of aluminum magnesium titanate for the sintered bodies of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

Claims (7)

排ガスを浄化させる触媒を担持するためのハニカム担体であって、該ハニカム担体の材質が、組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにおけるMg,Al及びTiの金属成分比と同様の金属成分比率で含む、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物を酸化物換算量として100質量部と、組成式:(Na1−y)AlSi(式中、0≦y≦1)で表わされるアルカリ長石1〜10質量部とを含有する混合物を1000〜1700℃で焼成したチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体であることを特徴とする排ガス浄化触媒用ハニカム担体。A honeycomb carrier for carrying a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, the material of the honeycomb carrier, the composition formula: Mg x Al 2 in (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 ( wherein, 0 <x <1 100 parts by mass of a mixture containing an Mg-containing compound, an Al-containing compound and a Ti-containing compound, which is contained at a metal component ratio similar to the metal component ratio of Mg, Al, and Ti in aluminum magnesium titanate represented by And a mixture containing 1 to 10 parts by mass of alkali feldspar represented by the composition formula: (Na y K 1-y ) AlSi 3 O 8 (where 0 ≦ y ≦ 1) was fired at 1000 to 1700 ° C. A honeycomb carrier for an exhaust gas purification catalyst, wherein the honeycomb carrier is an aluminum magnesium titanate sintered body. ハニカム担体が、壁厚0.05〜0.6mm、セル密度15〜124セル/cmを有し、かつ隔壁の気孔率が20〜50%、熱膨張係数が3.0×10−6−1以下である請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化触媒用ハニカム担体。The honeycomb carrier has a wall thickness of 0.05 to 0.6 mm, a cell density of 15 to 124 cells / cm 2 , a partition wall porosity of 20 to 50%, and a thermal expansion coefficient of 3.0 × 10 −6 K. The honeycomb carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1, which is -1 or less. 前記触媒が、排ガス中のNOxを除去するためのアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属成分を含む請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒用ハニカム担体。The honeycomb carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the catalyst contains an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal component for removing NOx in the exhaust gas. 排ガスが、燃料をエンジン内に直接噴射する方式又は燃料を稀薄燃焼させる方式の自動車の排ガスである請求項1、2又は3に記載の排ガス浄化触媒用ハニカム担体。The honeycomb carrier for an exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas of an automobile in which fuel is directly injected into the engine or in which fuel is diluted. 組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにおけるMg,Al及びTiの金属成分比と同様の金属成分比率で含む、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物を酸化物換算量として100質量部、並びに組成式:(Na1−y)AlSi(式中、0≦y≦1)で表わされるアルカリ長石を1〜10質量部含有する原料混合物を調製し、該原料混合物に成形助剤を加えて混練して押出成形可能に可塑化し、ハニカム体に押出成形後、1000〜1700℃にて焼成することを特徴とする排ガス浄化触媒用ハニカム担体の製造方法。Compositional formula: Mg x Al 2 (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 (wherein 0 <x <1) The same metal component as the metal component ratio of Mg, Al and Ti in aluminum magnesium titanate 100 parts by mass of a mixture containing an Mg-containing compound, an Al-containing compound and a Ti-containing compound in terms of oxide, and a composition formula: (Na y K 1-y ) AlSi 3 O 8 (where 0 ≦ preparing a raw material mixture containing 1 to 10 parts by mass of alkali feldspar represented by y ≦ 1), adding a molding aid to the raw material mixture, kneading and plasticizing to allow extrusion molding, after extrusion molding into a honeycomb body, A method for manufacturing a honeycomb carrier for an exhaust gas purification catalyst, characterized by firing at 1000 to 1700 ° C. 前記原料混合物に含まれる各成分の平均粒子径が10μm以下である請求項5に記載の製造方法。The production method according to claim 5, wherein an average particle diameter of each component contained in the raw material mixture is 10 μm or less. 排ガスを浄化させる触媒を担持したハニカム担体に排ガスを接触させる排ガスの浄化方法であって、該ハニカム担体の材質が、組成式:MgAl2(1−x)Ti(1+x)(式中、0<x<1)で表わされるチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウムにおけるMg,Al及びTiの金属成分比と同様の金属成分比率で含む、Mg含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びTi含有化合物を含む混合物を酸化物換算量として100質量部と、組成式:(Na1−y)AlSi(式中、0≦y≦1)で表わされるアルカリ長石1〜10質量部とを含有する混合物を1000〜1700℃で焼成したチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム焼結体であることを特徴とする排ガスの浄化方法。An exhaust gas purification method for contacting exhaust gas with a honeycomb carrier carrying a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, wherein the material of the honeycomb carrier is a composition formula: Mg x Al 2 (1-x) Ti (1 + x) O 5 (formula Oxidizing a mixture containing Mg-containing compound, Al-containing compound and Ti-containing compound, containing the same metal component ratio as Mg, Al and Ti in aluminum magnesium titanate represented by 0 <x <1) A mixture containing 100 parts by mass as a substance-converted amount and 1 to 10 parts by mass of alkali feldspar represented by a composition formula: (Na y K 1-y ) AlSi 3 O 8 (where 0 ≦ y ≦ 1) A method for purifying exhaust gas, which is a sintered body of aluminum magnesium titanate sintered at 1000 to 1700 ° C.
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WO2010074231A1 (en) * 2008-12-25 2010-07-01 住友化学株式会社 Method for producing aluminum titanate fired body
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