JP2005041944A - Treatment system for effectively using biomass resources and treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment system and method for effectively using biomass resources, with which biomass resources are treated in stages, methane gas and hydrogen gas are efficiently formed/recovered without leaving a final residue, especially expensive pyroligneous acid and a hard carbonized product (carbonized material) having excellent gas adsorptivity is formed/recovered. <P>SOLUTION: The treatment system 1 is equipped with a low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2 with which biomass resources comprising a plant, a livestock product, fish and shellfish or their wastes or sewage such as garbage or excreta of a livestock product, etc., are heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at >320°C and ≤400°C to form pyroligneous acid, methane gas and a carbonized product-containing residue and pyroligneous acid and methane gas are fractionated and removed and a high-temperature carbonization apparatus 3 with which the carbonized product-containing residue formed by the low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2 is heated at >580°C and ≤1,000°C to generate a carbonized product and hydrogen gas and the carbonized product and the hydrogen gas are fractionated and recovered. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention treats biomass resources in stages, including plants, livestock products, seafood or their waste, or filth such as food waste and livestock feces, with little or no final residue, In order to efficiently generate and recover methane gas and hydrogen gas, and in particular, to effectively use biomass resources that enable the generation and recovery of expensive pyroligneous acid liquid and hard carbide (carbonized material) with excellent gas adsorption The present invention relates to a processing system and a processing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a conventional carbonization device for generating and recovering a carbonized material (carbide) using biomass resources.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-64376
However, since the conventional carbonization apparatus described in Patent Document 1 aims to recover the carbide, it does not consider the point of recovering and effectively using useful gas such as methane gas and hydrogen gas. Moreover, since the carbonization apparatus is a rotary kiln carbonization furnace, the carbonization process was performed in a single carbonization process maintained at a high temperature of 850 ° C. or higher, so that methane gas and hydrogen gas can be efficiently generated or separated and recovered. It was difficult to do.
[0005]
Moreover, in order to carbonize biomass resources, it is necessary to set it to 320 degreeC or more, However, if carbonization treatment is carried out at high temperature of 850 degreeC or more like patent document 1, wood vinegar will also be a part of carbonization material Therefore, it is impossible to separate and recover only the wood vinegar solution.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to process biomass resources, including plants, livestock products, seafood or their waste, or filth such as food waste or livestock dung, in stages to produce almost the final residue. Efficient production and recovery of methane gas and hydrogen gas, and effective use of biomass resources that enable the generation and recovery of particularly expensive wood vinegar and hard carbide (carbonized material) with excellent gas adsorption It is an object to provide a processing system and a processing method.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the treatment system of the present invention is capable of treating biomass resources containing filth such as plants, livestock products, seafood or their wastes, or garbage such as food waste and livestock dung, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. A low-temperature carbonization device that heats over ℃ to 400 ° C or less, generates a pyroligneous acid solution, methane gas, and a carbide-containing residue, and separates and recovers the pyroligneous acid solution and methane gas. It is provided with a high-temperature carbonization apparatus that heats to 580 ° C. and 1000 ° C. or less to produce carbide and hydrogen gas, and separates and recovers the carbide and hydrogen gas.
[0008]
Moreover, the processing method of this invention heats the said biomass resource to 320 to 400 degreeC below 320 degreeC by non-oxidizing atmosphere, produces | generates a wood vinegar liquid, methane gas, and a carbide containing residue, and collects and collects wood vinegar liquid and methane gas separately. Carbide-containing residue produced in the low-temperature carbonization process and the low-temperature carbonization process is heated to 580 ° C and 1000 ° C or less in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce carbide and hydrogen gas, and high-temperature carbonization that separates and recovers carbide and hydrogen gas To provide a process.
[0009]
Further, the biomass resources are obtained by separating and recovering steam generated by heating to 100 to 150 ° C. and / or treating it in a low temperature carbonization process, and / or after the high temperature carbonization process, spraying steam on the generated carbide to convert activated carbon. It is more preferable to further have an activation step to be generated.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A processing system for effectively using biomass resources according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a typical processing system of the present invention.
[0011]
The processing system 1 for effectively using the biomass resource of the present invention mainly includes a low-temperature carbonization device 2 and a high-temperature carbonization device 3.
[0012]
The low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2 heats biomass resources including plants, livestock products, fishery products or their wastes, or filth such as raw garbage or livestock excrement to more than 320 ° C and less than 400 ° C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. It is an apparatus for producing a pyroligneous acid solution, methane gas and a carbide-containing residue and separating and recovering the pyroligneous acid solution and methane gas.
[0013]
Here, the reason why the treatment atmosphere in the low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2 is limited to the non-oxidizing atmosphere is to suppress the generation of dioxin by the generated chlorine gas being combined with oxygen, and the atmosphere temperature is reduced. The reason why it is limited to over 320 ° C and below 400 ° C is that the wood vinegar liquid does not form at 320 ° C or below, and the wood vinegar liquid becomes part of the carbide at over 400 ° C. It is because it becomes impossible to collect | recover.
The “non-oxidizing atmosphere” specifically refers to an atmosphere filled with an inert gas such as N ₂ or Ar.
[0014]
The methane gas produced by the low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2 is collected separately and sent to the gas holder 4. The methane gas sent to the gas holder 4 can be used as a fuel gas for the gas power generation facility 8, for example. In addition to the apparatus 2 itself, it can be used as a fuel gas for carbonization in the high-temperature carbonization apparatus 3, and in this case, the consumption of new fuel gas can be reduced.
[0015]
And in the processing system 1 of this invention, especially with the low temperature carbonization apparatus 2, apart from a carbide containing residue, it can produce | generate and collect | recover separately, and this wood vinegar liquid is, for example, a bath agent, a herbicide, It can be used effectively as an insecticide (bactericidal) fertilizer.
[0016]
In addition, before the biomass resources are fed into the low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2, the drying apparatus 5 can be heated to 100 to 150 ° C. to evaporate and dry the moisture as needed. This is preferable for shortening the processing time.
[0017]
The biomass resources that could not be carbonized by the low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2 become a residue. In this invention, since the residue is used as a biomass resource (raw material) of the high-temperature carbonization apparatus 3, in the treatment of the low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2 No residue is produced.
[0018]
The high-temperature carbonization apparatus 3 heats the carbide-containing residue generated in the low-temperature carbonization apparatus 2 to more than 580 ° C. and 1000 ° C. or less in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to generate carbide and hydrogen gas, and separates and recovers the carbide and hydrogen gas. It is a device, and almost no residue is generated. However, when a residue is produced by a high-temperature carbonization apparatus, a melting furnace (not shown), for example, a reductive gasification melting furnace that melts the residue at a high temperature exceeding 1000 ° C. is further provided, and the residue is melted at high temperature to render it harmless. Preferably, even if a residue is generated in the high-temperature carbonization apparatus 3, the residue can be completely detoxified in the melting furnace, so that no residue is generated as a system.
[0019]
Here, the reason why the treatment atmosphere in the high-temperature carbonization apparatus 3 is limited to the non-oxidizing atmosphere is to suppress the generation of dioxins by the generated chlorine gas being combined with oxygen, and the atmosphere temperature is reduced. The reason why the hardness is limited to 580 ° C. and 1000 ° C. or less is that the hardness of charcoal is hard, hydrophilic, surface pH is basic, and a carbide composed of a micro porous body is generated. In the following, the hardness of charcoal is soft, hydrophobic, surface pH is acidic, it becomes a macro porous body, and it becomes impossible to produce hard carbide (carbonized material) excellent in gas adsorption. When the temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., the amount of hydrogen (H ₂ ) gas produced decreases, and the hydrogen gas recovery efficiency decreases. In addition, since the production amount of hydrogen gas is maximized at around 600 ° C., it is preferable to set the ambient temperature as low as possible when importance is attached to high recovery efficiency of hydrogen gas.
Here, the “non-oxidizing atmosphere” specifically refers to an atmosphere filled with an inert gas such as N ₂ or Ar.
[0020]
The generated hydrogen gas may be effectively used for, for example, a hydrogen fuel cell (not shown) after being sent to the gas holder 7 via the gas reforming apparatus 6.
[0021]
Moreover, you may use effectively the carbide | carbonized_material produced | generated with the high temperature carbonization apparatus 3 for various uses as a carbide | carbonized_material. In addition, in this invention, you may further provide the activation apparatus 8 which sprays water vapor | steam to the carbide | carbonized_material produced | generated with the high temperature carbonization apparatus 3, and produces | generates activated carbon. In this case, water vapor evaporated by the drying device 5 can be effectively used by the activation device 8.
[0022]
The above description is merely an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to this invention, biomass resources including filth such as plants, livestock products, fishery products or their wastes, or garbage such as food waste and livestock dung are processed in stages, and the final residue is almost generated. Efficient production and recovery of methane gas and hydrogen gas, and effective use of biomass resources that enable the generation and recovery of particularly expensive wood vinegar and hard carbide (carbonized material) with excellent gas adsorption It has become possible to provide a processing system and a processing method.
[0024]
In addition, in the present invention, by appropriately processing biomass resources in stages, energy (resources) can be recovered with high efficiency in a small-scale facility, and energy (resources) can be effectively used in each apparatus. Thus, a remarkable effect is achieved in that biomass resources can be processed at a low cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a processing system for effectively using a representative biomass resource according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing system 2 Low temperature carbonization apparatus 3 High temperature carbonization apparatus 4, 7 Gas holder 5 Drying apparatus 6 Gas reforming apparatus 8 Activation apparatus

Claims (4)

Biomass resources including plants, livestock products, fishery products or their waste, or wastes such as garbage and livestock excrement are heated to 320 ° C to 400 ° C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. A low-temperature carbonization device that produces a carbide-containing residue and separates and collects the pyroligneous acid liquid and methane gas;
A high-temperature carbonizer that heats the carbide-containing residue generated in the low-temperature carbonization apparatus to more than 580 ° C. and 1000 ° C. or less in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to generate carbide and hydrogen gas, and separates and recovers the carbide and hydrogen gas;
A processing system for effectively using biomass resources characterized by comprising: Biomass resources including plants, livestock products, fishery products or their waste, or wastes such as garbage and livestock excrement are heated to 320 ° C to 400 ° C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. A low-temperature carbonization step of generating a carbide-containing residue and separating and recovering the pyroligneous acid liquid and methane gas;
A high-temperature carbonization step in which the carbide-containing residue produced in the low-temperature carbonization step is heated to 580 ° C. and 1000 ° C. or less in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce carbide and hydrogen gas, and the carbide and hydrogen gas are separated and recovered;
A processing method for effectively using biomass resources characterized by comprising: The processing method for effectively using the biomass resource according to claim 2, wherein the biomass resource is treated in a low-temperature carbonization step after separately collecting and recovering steam generated by heating to 100 to 150 ° C. The processing method for using effectively the biomass resource of Claim 2 or 3 which further has the activation process which sprays water vapor | steam to the produced | generated carbide | carbonized_material and produces | generates activated carbon after a high temperature carbonization process.

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