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JP2004509141A5
JP2004509141A5 JP2002528195A JP2002528195A JP2004509141A5 JP 2004509141 A5 JP2004509141 A5 JP 2004509141A5 JP 2002528195 A JP2002528195 A JP 2002528195A JP 2002528195 A JP2002528195 A JP 2002528195A JP 2004509141 A5 JP2004509141 A5 JP 2004509141A5
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【請求項1】 中枢神経系の障害のための救急治療を提供するための有効量の薬物を含有してなる粒子であって、約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有し、肺系の肺胞領域へ送達されるものである、粒子。
【請求項3】 約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有するものである請求項2記載の粒子。
【請求項27】 中枢神経系の障害を処置するための有効量のベンゾジアゼピン薬物を含有してなる粒子であって、約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有し、肺系の肺胞領域へ送達されるものである、粒子。
一態様において、本発明の方法で用いられる粒子は、肺系、特に肺胞または肺深部への治療薬の送達に適した粒子である。好ましい態様において、該粒子は、0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有する。別の好ましい態様では、該粒子は、少なくとも5μm(ミクロン)、好ましくは約5μm〜30μmの幾何学(geometric)直径を有する。さらに別の好ましい態様では、該粒子は、約1μm〜約5μmの空力学的直径を有する。別の態様では、該粒子は、5μmよりも大きい、好ましくは約10μm程度以上の質量メジアン幾何学直径(MMGD)を有する。さらに別の態様では、該粒子は、約1μm〜約5μmの範囲の質量メジアン空力学的直径(MMAD)を有する。好ましい態様では、該粒子は、約1μm〜約3μmの範囲のMMADを有する。
好ましい態様では、本発明の粒子は、約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有する。約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有する粒子は、本明細書において、「空気力学的に軽い粒子」と称される。約0.1g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有する粒子がより好ましい。タップ密度は、デュアルプラットホームマイクロプロセッサ制御タップ密度テスター(Dual Platform Microprocessor Controlled Tap Density Tester)(Vankel,NC)またはGeoPycTM装置(Micrometrics Instrument Corp.,Norcross,GA 30093)など(これらに限定されない)の当業者に公知の装置を用いて測定され得る。タップ密度は、エンベロープ質量密度の標準測定値である。タップ密度は、「USPかさ密度およびタップ密度」、米国薬局方協約、Rockville,MD,第10版補遺、4950〜4951、1999の方法を用いて測定できる。低タップ密度に寄与することができる特徴としては、不規則な表面テクスチャーと多孔性構造が挙げられる。
約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度、少なくとも約5μmのメジアン直径、および約1μm〜約5μm、好ましくは約1μm〜約3μmの空気力学的直径を有する粒子は、口腔咽頭領域における慣性および重力沈着をより多く免れることができ、気道、特に深肺(deep lung)に標的される。より大きな、より多孔性の粒子は、吸入治療のために現在使用されているようなより小さく密なエーロゾル粒子よりも効率的にエーロゾル化することができるので、それらの使用は好都合である。
当該粒子は、深肺または上気道または中央気道のような気道の選択された領域への局所送達のために、適切な材料、表面粗度、直径およびタップ密度で作製され得る。例えば、上気道送達のためにはより高密度またはより大きな粒子が使用され得るか、あるいは同じまたは異なる治療薬である場合、サンプル中における異なるサイズの粒子の混合物が1回の投与で肺の異なる領域を標的とするように投与され得る。約3〜約5μmの範囲の空気力学的直径を有する粒子が中央気道および上気道への送達にとって好ましい。深肺への送達のためには約1〜約3μmの範囲の空気力学的直径を有する粒子が好ましい。
エーロゾルの慣性嵌入と重力沈降が通常の呼吸条件での気道および肺細葉における主要な沈着機序である。Edwards,D.A.,J.Aerosol Sci.,26:293〜317(1995)。両方の沈着機序の重要性は、粒子(またはエンベロープ)体積ではなくエーロゾルの質量に比例して上昇する。肺におけるエーロゾル沈着部位はエーロゾルの質量によって決定されるので(少なくとも平均空気力学的直径が約1μmをこえる粒子については)、粒子表面の不規則性と粒子の多孔性を高めることによってタップ密度を低下させることは、他の物理的パラメータがすべて等しければ、より大きな粒子エンベロープ体積を肺に送達することができる。
タップ密度が低い粒子は、実際のエンベロープ球体直径に比べて小さな空気力学的直径を有する。空気力学的直径、daerは、式:
Figure 2004509141
[式中、エンベロープ質量ρは、g/cm3の単位である]
によってエンベロープ球体直径、dに関係づけられる(Gonda,I. 「エーロゾル送達における物理−化学的原理(Physico-chemical principles in aerosol delivery)」Topics in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1991より(D.J.A.CrommeliとK.K.Midha編集)、p.95〜117,Stuttgart:Medpharm Scientific Publishers,1992)。ヒト肺の肺胞領域における単分散エーロゾル粒子の最大沈着(約60%)は、約daer=3μmの空気力学的直径について起こる。Heyder,J.ら、J.Aerosol Sci.,17:811〜825(1986)。その小さなエンベロープ質量密度により、最大深肺沈着を示す単分散吸入粉末を含む空気力学的に軽い粒子の実際の直径dは:
Figure 2004509141
[式中、dは常に3μmより大きい]
である。例えば、エンベロープ質量密度、ρ=0.1g/cm3を示す空気力学的に軽い粒子は、9.5μmの大きさのエンベロープ直径を有する粒子について最大沈着を示す。粒子サイズが大きくなると粒子間接着力が低下する。Visser,J.,Powder Technology,58:1〜10。従って、大きな粒子サイズは、より低い食作用損失に寄与することに加えて、エンベロープ質量密度の低い粒子に関して深肺へのエーロゾル適用の効率を高める。
JP2002528195A 2000-09-19 2001-09-19 中枢神経系の障害の処置における肺送達 Expired - Lifetime JP5421510B2 (ja)

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US09/665,252 2000-09-19
US09/665,252 US6514482B1 (en) 2000-09-19 2000-09-19 Pulmonary delivery in treating disorders of the central nervous system
US09/877,734 2001-06-08
US09/877,734 US6613308B2 (en) 2000-09-19 2001-06-08 Pulmonary delivery in treating disorders of the central nervous system
PCT/US2001/029311 WO2002024158A2 (en) 2000-09-19 2001-09-19 Pulmonary delivery in treating disorders of the central nervous system

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EP (2) EP1318785B1 (ja)
JP (2) JP5421510B2 (ja)
AU (2) AU9112201A (ja)
CA (1) CA2421974C (ja)
CY (1) CY1118851T1 (ja)
DK (1) DK1318785T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2621549T3 (ja)
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