JP2004127162A - Parking lot managing system and its method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system for easily discriminating and managing vehicles in a parking lot. <P>SOLUTION: This management system comprises at least one camera 10 for monitoring inside the parking lot, an image processing device 20 being connected with the camera 10, receiving images inside the parking lot monitored by the camera 10, and discriminating presence of a vehicle in each parking possible space, a charge control device 30 connected to the image processing device and a lock device 40, after receiving a signal indicating presence of a vehicle in any of the parking possible spaces from the image processing device 20, making the lock device 40 in exit restriction state, and measuring parking time period of the vehicle, and a fee collecting/receiving device 34 collecting/receiving fee on the basis of data transmitted from the charge controlling device 30 and notifying the charge control device of collecting/receiving of the fee. A management method for the system is also provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a parking lot management system, and more particularly to a parking lot management system and a parking lot management method using image processing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various types of parking lot management systems have been known.
These management systems include a system that regulates all parking spaces collectively by a gate, and a vehicle detection unit (for example, a magnetic sensor or a photoelectric sensor) in each parking space for each vehicle. A system for detecting the presence of a vehicle in a space is known (see Patent Document 1 below). In a system using such a magnetic sensor or a photoelectric sensor, it is necessary to install these sensors in individual parking spaces and then perform maintenance. Further, even if there is an illegally parked vehicle, there is a disadvantage that the vehicle cannot be specified.
[0003]
Further, when the parking lot is large and the parking space is large, it is necessary to promptly and accurately inform the driver who wants to enter the parking lot about the empty space. In such a case, guidance by a plurality of attendants is usually performed in the parking lot.
[0004]
In order to reduce such staff costs, parking lot management methods as disclosed in the following Patent Documents 1 and 2 have been proposed. These are parked by taking the difference between the captured image and the image of the parking lot taken in advance with the vehicle not parked to identify the parked vehicle. It discloses a method of identifying the above. If this difference exceeds a certain error range, it is determined that there is a parked vehicle at that location. However, with the techniques disclosed in these documents, it is not possible to manage the exit from individual parking spaces.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2961429 (page 3-9, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-16897 (pages 3-6, FIGS. 1 and 2)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a parking lot management system and a parking lot management system that can manage the exit from an individual parking space using a camera and an image processing device.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Specifically, the present invention is a parking lot management system for a parking lot including a plurality of parkable spaces and a lock device that regulates the movement of a vehicle provided in each of the parkable spaces, for monitoring the inside of the parking lot. An image processing device connected to the camera, receiving an image in the parking lot monitored by the camera, and identifying whether or not there is a vehicle in each of the parkable spaces; After receiving a signal from the image processing device connected to the image processing device and the lock device and indicating that there is a vehicle in any of the parkable spaces, the lock device is set in a departure control state, and the vehicle A charging control device that measures parking time of the vehicle, and a toll collection device that performs toll collection based on data transmitted from the accounting control device and notifies the toll collection device of the toll collection. And wherein the charging control device releases the lock device from the departure control state so as to permit the vehicle to leave the parking available space after confirming payment of the fee. Provide a management system.
[0008]
Here, the image processing apparatus may further include a storage device that stores an image of the inside of the parking lot, an aspect that further identifies a vehicle registration number of the vehicle, and a vehicle registration number of the identified vehicle. It is preferable that the charging control device further includes a mode in which a charge is calculated and a mode in which the shape of the vehicle is further identified. It is preferable that the charging control device further includes calculating a fee according to the shape of the identified vehicle.
Further, based on an image of the parking space monitored by the camera, the image processing apparatus further includes a mode that transmits a signal indicating the number of parking spaces where the vehicle is located, or an aspect of the parking space It is preferable that the image processing apparatus collates information on a vehicle reserved for each of them with information on a parked vehicle monitored by the camera. Here, it is preferable that the information includes at least a vehicle registration number. Furthermore, an aspect in which the image in the parking lot monitored by the camera is further transmitted to a parking lot management center, an aspect in which the lock device includes one of a gate, a pole, and a block for a vehicle stop, After a predetermined time has passed after receiving a signal indicating that there is a vehicle in the available space, the lock device is set to the departure control state, and at the same time or thereafter, the charging control device instructs charging of a predetermined fee. An aspect characterized by that, an aspect further including storing an image or a vehicle registration number of a parked vehicle parked in a space other than the parking available space in the storage device, the connection is wireless, a telephone line, or It is preferable that the Internet connection is used.
[0009]
The present invention also provides a method for managing parked vehicles in a parking lot by processing images in the parking lot.
Specifically, the present invention is a method for managing a parking lot including a plurality of parking spaces and a lock device that regulates movement of a vehicle provided in each of the parking spaces, and a step of monitoring the inside of the parking lot with a camera. Storing an image in the parking lot monitored by the camera in a storage device; processing the image in the parking lot stored in the storage device by an image processing device, and Determining whether there is a vehicle in the parking space, and if it is determined that there is a vehicle in any of the parking space, a signal indicating that there is a vehicle in the parking space, at least to the charging control device Transmitting; and setting the lock device in a departure control state based on the transmitted signal; and parking based on the transmitted signal. Charging a predetermined fee corresponding to the parking time of the vehicle in the parking space, and permitting the vehicle to leave the parking space after payment of the predetermined fee. I will provide a.
Here, the step of determining whether or not there is a vehicle in the parking available space includes taking a difference between images monitored at predetermined time intervals for the parking available space stored in the storage device. When a vehicle parked in a place other than the parking space is found, the image processing apparatus may further include a step of storing an image of the vehicle or a vehicle registration number in the storage device, A mode in which the step of permitting includes operating one of a gate, a pole and a block for a vehicle stop, and a step in which the step of charging the predetermined fee starts charging after a lapse of a predetermined time after receiving the signal A mode in which the step of charging the predetermined fee charges the vehicle based on a vehicle registration number or a shape of the vehicle, or a mode in which the vehicle is parked. A mode that further includes a step of transmitting a signal indicating that the interval has exceeded a predetermined value to the parking lot management center, or a mode that further includes a step of performing the transmission via a wireless communication, a telephone line, or the Internet. preferable.
[0010]
Here, the camera may include a camera for capturing a still image and a video camera for capturing a moving image. These can be digital or analog. Further, the image processing apparatus described above can be, for example, a computer terminal including at least a memory or a hard disk drive in which image processing software is installed. Here, identifying the shape of the vehicle using the image processing device may include identifying a difference in vehicle type and identifying a difference between a four-wheeled vehicle and a two-wheeled vehicle (motorcycle). Further, in a mode in which a timer is connected to the charging control device, for example, when the image processing device is a computer terminal, a clock built in the computer terminal may be used instead of connecting the timer. . Further, the fee charged by the charging control device can be determined according to a difference in the shape of the vehicle, the type of the vehicle, and the like identified in the image processing device. Further, the alarm output device receives a signal from the image processing device and broadcasts, for example, a pre-recorded warning message indicating that the vehicle is illegally parked from a speaker, or a vehicle registration number or image of an illegally parked vehicle. May be displayed on a display device. Further, the above-mentioned locking device means, for example, to lock at least one tire of a vehicle in a parking space or to leave the vehicle by a gate or a pole after the vehicle completely enters the parking space. May be included.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the parking lot management system of the present invention will be described below. The description of the present system will clarify the contents of the parking lot management system and the parking management method of the present invention.
[0012]
FIG. 1 shows a system 1 according to the present invention. A system 1 according to the present invention includes a camera 10 that captures an image of a parking lot, an image processing device 20 that is connected to the camera 10, and that identifies the presence or absence of a parked vehicle in the parking lot based on an image captured by the camera 10. A charging control device 30 connected to the device 20 for receiving a signal indicating that the parked vehicle is parked from the image processing device 20 and charging a predetermined parking fee for the parked vehicle; A toll is collected based on the transmitted data, a toll collection device 34 that notifies the toll control device 30 of the toll collection, and a parking vehicle is parked after the toll collection device 34 confirms that a predetermined parking fee has been cleared. A lock device 40 for permitting departure from the available space, an alarm output device 50 connected to the image processing device 20 for issuing an alarm to a vehicle parked in the parking lot, Comprising a management center terminal 60 for receiving an image or signals transmitted from the processor 20.
[0013]
In addition, the image processing device 20 may further include a storage device 22 connected to the image processing device 20 and storing an image transmitted from the camera 10. Further, the charging control device 30 may further include a timer 32 that measures the parking time.
[0014]
Transmission among the image processing device 20, the charging control device 30, the fee collection device 34, the lock device 40, the alarm output device 50, and the management center terminal 60 is usually connected by wire. However, for example, it is also possible to connect wirelessly instead of wired. Also, a wireless LAN, a telephone line, Internet communication, or the like can be used.
[0015]
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B.
FIG. 2A is a generally preferred embodiment when parking space 200a is relatively small and FIG. 2B is where parking space 200b is relatively large.
[0016]
The parking lot management system shown in FIG. 2A includes a camera 10a that monitors the parking lot at predetermined time intervals or continuously, an image processing device (20 in FIG. 1) that receives an image from the camera 10a, and A charging control device (30 in FIG. 1) for charging a predetermined parking fee, a fee collection device 34a for clearing a predetermined parking fee, and restricting or permitting the departure of the parked vehicle 220 in the parked space 210a. It includes a locking device 40a, 40b and an alarm output device or a speaker 50a that receives a signal from the image processing device and issues a warning when the vehicle is not sufficiently restricted by the locking device 40a, 40b.
[0017]
In the case of FIG. 2A, the configuration is particularly useful when there is a parked vehicle that is not sufficiently locked by the lock devices 40a and 40b or when there is a parked vehicle in front of the parkable space 200a or the parked space 210a. . In such a case, the image captured by the camera 10a can be image-processed by an image processing device (not shown) to identify the parked vehicle. Further, the vehicle registration number or the shape of the above-described parked vehicle (hereinafter, referred to as “illegal parking vehicle”) can be stored in a storage device (not shown) connected to the image processing device. Further, a signal indicating that there is an illegally parked vehicle can be transmitted to a management center terminal (not shown) via the image processing device. In this case, the image taken by the camera 10a or the vehicle registration number can be further transmitted to the management center terminal via the image processing device as needed. Thus, the display indicating that the illegally parked vehicle is present in the parking lot, an alarm by voice, and the like are automatically performed on the management center terminal.
[0018]
Next, the case of FIG. 2B will be described. The parking lot management system shown in FIG. 2B includes a camera 10b that monitors the parking lot at predetermined time intervals or continuously, an image processing device (20 in FIG. 1) that receives images from the camera 10b, and a parking time. A charging control device (30 in the figure) for charging the predetermined parking fee, a fee collection device 34b for clearing the predetermined fee, and restricting or permitting the parked vehicles 222, 224 to leave the parkable space. It includes locking devices 40c and 40d and an alarm device or a speaker 50b that receives a signal from the image processing device and issues a warning to an unauthorized parking vehicle. In addition, a ticket issuing machine 240 that issues a ticket indicating usage time and the like for convenience of a parking lot user may be further included as needed.
[0019]
FIG. 2B is different from FIG. 2A in that the image processing apparatus identifies and warns not only when the illegally parked vehicle is in the parking space but also outside the parking space. This will be described using the unauthorized parking vehicle 230 in FIG. 2B. In the parking lot, the illegally parked vehicle 230 is not parked in the parkable space, but is parked so as to prevent other vehicles from parking or leaving the parkable space. With respect to such an illegally parked vehicle 230, the image processing device processes an image of the illegally parked vehicle 230, which is taken at predetermined time intervals or continuously by the camera 10b. Then, the vehicle registration number and the shape of the unauthorized parking vehicle 230 can be identified and stored in a storage device connected to the image processing device. Further, in response to the signal from the image processing device, the alarm output device or the speaker 50b issues an alarm to the illegally parked vehicle 230. Further, a signal indicating that there is a fraudulently parked vehicle can be transmitted to the management center terminal via the image processing device. In this case, the image or the vehicle registration number photographed by the camera 10b can be further transmitted to the management center terminal as needed. As a result, an unauthorized parking vehicle is present in the parking lot, and therefore, a display indicating that parking in the available parking space or departure from the permitted parking space is obstructed, and an alarm by sound, etc., are output to the management center terminal. Is done automatically.
[0020]
Here, the installation location of the camera does not need to be particularly limited within the parking lot. For example, a telephoto lens can be used to take an image of the parking lot from a building adjacent to the parking lot site. In such a case, it is more preferable that the connection between the devices is made wirelessly. 2A and 2B, the unauthorized parking vehicle has been described as being in the parking lot. However, for example, in FIG. 2A, there is a parking vehicle immediately in front of the parking space, or in FIG. The same processing as above can be performed even when there is a parked vehicle nearby.
[0021]
In the above-described embodiments of FIGS. 2A and 2B, the parking lot is described as a flat parking lot. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to these. For example, by providing a configuration as shown in FIG. 2A or 2B on each floor, the present invention can be similarly applied to a multi-story parking lot. This will be easily understood by those skilled in the art.
[0022]
Next, a parking lot management method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. First, in step 300, the camera 10 monitors the parking lot at predetermined time intervals or continuously, and acquires an image according to the time change of the parking lot. The time interval here can be, for example, several seconds to several minutes. In the case where the camera 10 is a digital or analog video camera, it is possible to capture images of the parking lot almost continuously.
[0023]
In step 302, the image monitored by the camera 10 is transmitted to the image processing device 20, and a difference between the monitored image and a predetermined time change t is acquired.
The time interval t can be, for example, several seconds to several minutes, as in the case of step 302 described above. Also, if camera 10 is a digital or analog video camera, this time interval t can be substantially continuous.
[0024]
Then, in step 304, it is determined whether there is a difference at the time interval t. For more accurate comparison, for example, the storage device 22 connected to the image processing device 20 may store in advance a background image for reference or an image related to a parking space or a parked vehicle. This image may include, for example, an image representing the state of the parking lot up to the previous day, a corrected image or a reference image according to a change in the contrast of the image due to weather or time.
[0025]
When the image processing apparatus 20 determines whether there is a difference between images at the time interval t, an area where the difference is not zero is searched. However, the presence / absence of a difference between the images may be determined to be present if the difference is not completely zero and is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold. In addition, if the difference is significantly larger or smaller than a region where the value changes (a region approximately equal to the size of the parked vehicle), such as a shadow of a building around a parking lot that changes with time, if there is a difference, However, it is not judged as a parked vehicle. Further, since the shape of the parked vehicle is generally substantially rectangular, a shape that greatly deviates from such a shape can be excluded.
[0026]
If it is determined in step 304 that there is a parked vehicle, the process proceeds to step 306, where it is determined that there is a parked vehicle. Then, in step 308, it is determined whether or not the parked vehicle is in a parking space. This can be identified, for example, by using an image processing method such as area division.
[0027]
If there is a vehicle in the parking possible space, in step 310, obtaining the t ₁ by integrating the time t. Then, in step 312, the _{t 1} is charged subject to time _{t parking} more as a parked vehicle, that is, when the _{t 1} ≧ _{t parking,} charging a signal indicating to start charging for the vehicle from the image processing apparatus 20 It is transmitted to the control device 30. The time _tparking to be charged can be arbitrarily set to a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes). Then, the lock devices (40a, 40b) shown in FIG. 2A and the lock devices (40c, 40d) shown in FIG. 2B are operated to restrict the vehicle from leaving the parking permitted space. Next, in step 316, the vehicle registration number of the parked vehicle is stored in the storage device 22, and the parking time of the parked vehicle (hereinafter, referred to as "t _fee ") is determined by the timer 32 connected to the charging control device 30. The charge is calculated by the charging control device 30 after the measurement. Here, if the image processing device 20 is a computer terminal without using the timer 32 separately, for example, the fee is calculated in the image processing device 20 using a clock built in the image processing device 20, The fee can be transmitted to the charging control device 30.
[0028]
In step 318, when a predetermined parking fee corresponding to t _fee is paid by the toll collection device 34, the charging control device 30 transmits a signal to the lock device 40 to permit the parked vehicle to exit. The lock device 40 that has received this signal permits the parked vehicle to leave the parking lot. Here, by performing processing such as deleting the image stored in the storage device 22 in connection with the settlement of the parking fee, the storage capacity of the storage device 22 can be effectively used.
[0029]
On the other hand, if the parked vehicle is out of the available parking space in step 308, that is, if there is an illegally parked vehicle, the process proceeds to step 320, where a signal is transmitted from the image processing device 20 to the alarm output device 50 to output the alarm output device. An alarm is issued from 50. Then, in step 322, based on the image of the parked vehicle taken by the camera 10, the image processing device 20 recognizes the vehicle registration number, the vehicle type (for example, motorcycle, passenger car, truck, etc.), shape, and the like of the parked vehicle. The result is stored in the storage device 22. Then, a signal indicating that there is an illegally parked vehicle in the parking lot is transmitted to the management center terminal 60.
[0030]
By determining in step 308 that the parked vehicle is in the parking space, the position and number of the remaining parking spaces in the parking lot can be known. Therefore, the position can be displayed on a bulletin board, or a signal can be transmitted to a guidance device such as turning on an arrow-shaped light to notify the driver. Further, when the number of remaining parking spaces becomes zero or a predetermined value, the display of fullness or the like can be performed to restrict further entry of vehicles into the parking lot. This is particularly useful when the parking lot is very large, or when the driver cannot recognize the parking space at a glance, such as an underground parking lot or a multi-story parking lot.
[0031]
Further, according to the above-mentioned parking lot management system, it is possible to make a reservation for a parking lot. For example, it is assumed that there is a parkable space for which parking reservation has been made (hereinafter, referred to as “parking reserved space”). When the vehicle with the reserved parking is detected in the reserved parking space within a predetermined reservation time, the vehicle is photographed by the camera 10 and an image such as a vehicle registration number, a shape, and a color is acquired. Then, by transmitting the image to the image processing device 20 and processing the image, it is possible to identify whether or not this vehicle is a reserved vehicle. Here, in the case of the reserved vehicle, charging of the parking fee is started for this vehicle as described above. Further, a reservation fee can be further charged in addition to the parking fee. On the other hand, when it is detected that the vehicle is different from the reserved vehicle, a signal is transmitted from the image processing device 20 to the alarm output device 50 to issue an alarm. If necessary, the image processing device 20 transmits a signal to the management center terminal 60. In such a case, the time interval t _reserved for acquiring the difference between the parking lot images to determine the presence or absence of the parked vehicle in the reserved parking space is set shorter than the time interval t for acquiring the normal difference. Can also be set to Thus, after identifying that the unparked parked vehicle is a predetermined parked vehicle, it is possible to promptly output an alarm or notify the manager.
[0032]
In addition, the lock device of the parking available space at the time when the reservation is made can be operated to keep other vehicles from entering the space. Then, when the vehicle to be reserved arrives, the lock device can be set in a state where the vehicle can enter, so that only the vehicle to be reserved can enter the space. At this time, the position of the reserved parking space can be indicated to the driver using some display means.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the parking lot management system of the present invention, when managing a parking lot, a magnetic sensor for detecting that there is a parked vehicle in a ticketing machine or a parkable space that has been conventionally required, Since there is no need to provide a photoelectric sensor or the like in each parking space, the parking lot can be automatically managed simply and inexpensively. Further, it is also possible to make a reservation for a parking lot or to detect a parked vehicle outside the available parking space and issue an alarm.
[0034]
Furthermore, according to the parking lot management method and the parking lot management system of the present invention, it is possible to automatically calculate the number of parkable spaces in the parking lot, and to automatically restrict entry to the parking lot. In addition, since there is no need to perform a large-scale installation work for managing the parking lot, capital investment is reduced, and the parking lot can be efficiently operated and managed at low cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of a parking lot management system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a specific embodiment of the parking lot management system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a parking lot management method according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 parking lot management system 10 camera 20 image processing device 22 storage device 30 charging control device 32 timer 34 toll collection device 40 lock device 50 alarm output device 60 management center terminal

Claims (22)

A parking lot management system for a parking lot including a plurality of parking spaces and a lock device that regulates movement of a vehicle provided in each parking space,
At least one camera for monitoring the inside of the parking lot;
An image processing device connected to the camera, receiving an image of the parking lot monitored by the camera, and identifying whether or not there is a vehicle in each of the parkable spaces; and the image processing device and the lock device. After receiving a signal indicating that a vehicle is present in any of the available parking spaces from the image processing device, the charging device is set to a departure control state, and charging control for measuring a parking time of the vehicle is performed. And a fee collection device that collects a fee based on the data sent from the charging control device and notifies the charging control device of the fee collection. A parking lot management system that releases the lock device from the departure control state so as to permit the vehicle to depart from the parking available space after confirmation. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, wherein the image processing device further includes a storage device that stores an image in the parking lot. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, wherein the image processing device further identifies a vehicle registration number of the vehicle. The parking lot management method according to claim 3, further comprising calculating a fee according to the vehicle registration number of the identified vehicle. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, wherein the image processing device further identifies a shape of the vehicle. The parking lot management method according to claim 5, further comprising calculating the toll according to the shape of the identified vehicle. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a signal indicating a number of parking spaces in which the vehicle is located, based on the image of the parking spaces monitored by the camera. Parking management system. The parking lot management according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the image processing device collates information about a vehicle reserved for each of the parkable spaces with information about a parked vehicle monitored by the camera. system. The parking lot management system according to claim 8, wherein the information includes at least a vehicle registration number. The parking lot management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising transmitting an image of the inside of the parking lot monitored by the camera to a parking lot management center. The parking lot management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the lock device includes one of a car stop gate, a pole, and a block. After a predetermined time has passed after receiving a signal indicating that there is a vehicle in the parking available space, the lock device is set in the departure control state, and at the same time or thereafter, the charging control device charges a predetermined fee. The parking lot management system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein an instruction is given. The parking lot management system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising storing an image or a vehicle registration number of a parked vehicle parked outside the parking available space in the storage device. 14. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, wherein the connection is a wireless connection, a telephone line, or an Internet connection. A parking lot management method including a lock device that regulates movement of a plurality of parking spaces and a vehicle provided in each parking space,
Monitoring the inside of the parking lot with a camera;
Storing an image of the inside of the parking lot monitored by the camera in a storage device;
Processing an image in the parking lot stored in the storage device by an image processing device to determine whether or not there is a vehicle in each of the parking available spaces;
If it is determined that there is a vehicle in any of the parking available space, a signal indicating that there is a vehicle in the parking available space, transmitting at least to the charging control device,
Based on the transmitted signal, setting the lock device in a departure control state,
Charging a predetermined fee corresponding to the parking time of the vehicle in the parking available space based on the transmitted signal;
Allowing the vehicle to leave the parking space after payment of the predetermined fare. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein determining whether there is a vehicle in the parkable space comprises taking a difference between images of the parkable space stored in the storage device monitored at predetermined time intervals. Parking management method. The parking lot management according to claim 15, further comprising a step of causing the image processing device to store an image of the vehicle or a vehicle registration number in the storage device when a vehicle parked in a place other than the parking available space is found. Method. 18. The parking lot management method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the step of permitting the vehicle to leave includes operating one of a parking gate, a pole, and a block. 19. The parking lot management method according to claim 15, wherein the step of charging the predetermined fee starts charging after a lapse of a predetermined time after receiving the signal. 20. The parking lot management method according to claim 15, wherein the step of charging the predetermined fee charges based on a vehicle registration number of the vehicle or a shape of the vehicle. 21. The parking lot management method according to claim 15, further comprising transmitting a signal indicating that a parking time of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined value to a parking lot management center. The parking management method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, further comprising the step of performing the transmission via wireless, telephone line, or the Internet.

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