JP2004009009A - Apparatus for kneading, mixing, and crushing - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for stably kneading, mixing, and crushing a mixture of livestock excrement and crushed vegetable etc. without generating a stench. <P>SOLUTION: A screw-type conveying means (2) in a casing (1) constituted of a first conveying section (2A), a stirring and mixing section (2B) where stirring and mixing is conducted with paddles (5), and a discharging section (2D). A plurality of paddles (5) are fixed to the stirring and mixing section (2B) spirally in the longitudinal direction so as to decrease the feeding angle of each paddle one after the other and to increase it again one after the other. A screw blade (2d) is disposed inversely to a first screw blade (2b) at the end of the discharging section (2D) so that the treated object drops out through an outlet (4). Below the outlet (4) is disposed a crushing means (8) comprising a rotating axis (6) and a plurality of crushing bars (7) projecting therefrom so as to crush and discharge the treated object that has been kneaded and mixed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for composting using an organic waste represented by livestock excreta and garbage of cattle, pigs, chickens and the like, and a plant waste represented by pruned branches, cut grass, waste wood and the like. The present invention relates to a kneading-mixing-crushing apparatus for uniformly kneading and mixing these materials in advance to produce a pulverized product having a high aeration property suitable for aerobic fermentation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the past, manure excreted from livestock facilities was often run down as it was or left in a pile at the corner of the facility, but it became a social problem due to bad odors and environmental pollution caused by runoff. It has become. Therefore, recently, the introduction of a composting facility for producing an organic fertilizer using these has been studied, and practical use has already been promoted.
[0003]
As this composting technique, a method of fermenting a livestock manure excrement by mixing a supplementary material containing cellulose is generally used, and equipment for this is disclosed in JP-A-11-12070. There is a device that is. This mixing apparatus mixes livestock manure with auxiliary materials containing cellulose such as straw, grass, chaff, sawdust, etc., a kneading apparatus for press-kneading the mixture mixed by this mixing apparatus, and a press-kneading. And a closed fermentation device for fermenting while forcibly aerating the kneaded material.
[0004]
In the above apparatus, the mixing device includes a plurality of stirring blades attached to a pair of parallel rotating shafts in a direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft, and the stirring blades are rotated by the rotation of the pair of rotating shafts. In this method, livestock manure and auxiliary materials are mixed.
[0005]
As shown in FIG. 6, the kneading apparatus has a closed cylindrical casing 60 in which an inlet 61 for the mixture is formed at one end and an outlet 62 for the kneaded material is formed at the other end. And a screw type kneading means 63 is arranged. The screw-type kneading means 63 is driven to rotate by a motor 68. A screw blade 65 is formed in the first half along the outer periphery of the rotary shaft 64, and a rotary bar 66 protrudes from the rotary shaft 64 in the second half. It is of an arranged structure. In the latter half, a plurality of fixed bars 67 are provided to protrude from the casing 60 to prevent the kneaded material from rotating together with the rotating shaft. Thus, the manure mixture fed from the mixing device into the inlet 61 by the conveyor 69 is kneaded by the rotary bar 66 and the fixed bar 67 in the latter half while being fed by the screw blade 65 in the former half, and the outlet 62 It is configured to be discharged from.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In such a conventional device, the mixing device and the kneading device are separate devices, and the two devices are connected by a belt conveyor, but the manure of livestock and the auxiliary material such as the chaff and sawdust are simply mixed. In the case of a mixture delivered from a mixing device, the generation of odor in manure is inevitable. For this reason, the mixing device itself has a closed structure, and the installation of a deodorizing device is inevitable.
[0007]
Further, in the kneading apparatus, the manure mixture is sent forward by the screw blade 65 in the first half and kneaded in the second half, and the kneading section including the fixed bar 67 and the rotating bar 66 has a feeding function. Since there is no feed action, the feed action to the front depends exclusively on the screw blade 65, but in the case of a viscous material such as a manure mixture, it is compacted in the kneading section and the discharge section There is a problem that is not discharged smoothly from the.
[0008]
On the other hand, in order to perform the aerobic fermentation of the compacted mixture, it is necessary to disintegrate the mixture again. In the case of the above-described apparatus, the compacted mixture is directly transferred to a closed fermentation apparatus by a conveyor. The fermentation is performed while forced aeration is performed. However, since it is difficult to uniformly feed air into the compacted kneaded material, anaerobic fermentation may occur, and even in this fermentation apparatus, a malodorous odor occurs. The generation of odors is unavoidable, and there is a basic problem of causing odor pollution to the surroundings.
[0009]
In addition, cellulose-containing sub-materials such as straw, grass, rice hull, and sawdust which have been generally used in the past have a limited hygroscopic ability, and these sub-materials themselves are used as a fungal bed for composting. There is also a problem that the function is low and the fermentation rate of the manure mixture obtained by mixing them is low.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its first object to provide a kneading / mixing device which can easily take measures against odor generation, and which can surely mix the kneading / mixing device while transferring it forward even when the kneading / mixing device is a viscous material. A second object of the present invention is to provide a kneading and mixing apparatus, and a third object of the present invention is to provide a pulverizing apparatus capable of producing a pulverized product having high aeration and hygroscopicity suitable for aerobic fermentation in a subsequent step. It is the purpose of.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made based on such a viewpoint. First, in order to achieve the first object, not only the kneading device and the mixing device are integrated but also the kneaded material crushing device is integrated. During the kneading, mixing and crushing treatments, the contact between the object to be treated and the outside air is cut off. In order to achieve the second object, the stirring section following the screw-type transfer section has a paddle structure. At the same time, the feed angle of the paddle is changed from large to small so as to become large again, and the discharge portion has a structure in which screw blades of opposite direction are arranged. Further, in order to achieve the third object, A crushing device is arranged at the lower part of the discharge section so as to be crushed and discharged without fail.
[0012]
Specifically, a screw-type transfer unit is disposed in a casing having an inlet for the object to be processed on one end side and an outlet for the object to be processed at the lower end on the other end side, and the screw-type transfer unit is rotated by the rotation of the screw-type transfer unit. A kneading-mixing and crushing apparatus configured to perform kneading, mixing and crushing of the to-be-processed object while transferring the to-be-processed object from one end side to the other end side of the casing, and discharge the crushed material. ,
The screw-type transfer means includes, in order from the input section side, a first transfer section in which a first feed screw blade is arranged on an outer circumference of a screw shaft to transfer the workpiece forward, and an outer circumference of the screw shaft. A stirring / mixing unit that stirs and mixes the object to be processed by a paddle disposed on a surface, and a discharge unit that discharges the stir-mixed object to be processed downward,
In the stirring and mixing section, a plurality of paddles are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft so that the feeding force of each paddle gradually decreases and then increases again as the distance from the first transfer section increases. It is attached spirally along the direction,
At the tip of the discharge unit, a screw blade opposite to the first feed screw blade is arranged on the screw shaft, so that the agitated and mixed workpiece is dropped at the discharge port,
At the lower part of the discharge port, crushing means comprising a rotating shaft and a plurality of crushing bars protruding from the rotating shaft is arranged, thereby crushing the kneaded and mixed object to be crushed. Is discharged to the outside.
[0013]
In the above-mentioned apparatus, a second feed screw blade is arranged on an outer peripheral portion of the screw shaft between the stirring and mixing section and the discharge section, and the workpiece to be stirred and mixed in the stirring and mixing section is transferred forward. It is also possible to provide a second transfer unit for performing the above. In this case, the transfer of the agitated and mixed object to the discharge section is ensured.
[0014]
Further, a plurality of drop crushing protruding parts around the screw shaft protruding around the screw shaft at an intermediate portion between the reverse screw blade at the distal end of the discharge unit and the distal end of the first feed screw blade or the second feed screw blade. It is also a preferred embodiment to dispose a bar, so that the kneaded mixture can be partially crushed and dropped to the crushing section below. Further, a plurality of fixing bars fixed to the casing and protruding inward between the reverse screw blade at the tip of the discharge portion and the tip of the first feed screw blade or the second feed screw blade. Is also a preferred embodiment, whereby the co-rotation of the object to be processed and the screw shaft at the discharge portion can be prevented.
[0015]
Further, in the screw-type transfer means, a plurality of the screw shafts are arranged in parallel, and the rotation direction of each adjacent screw shaft is set to the opposite direction, the crushing means, the screw shaft and In a preferred embodiment, the same number of rotating shafts as the screw shafts are arranged in parallel with each other, and the rotating directions of the adjacent rotating shafts are set in opposite directions. That is, the use of a plurality of screw-type transfer means increases the throughput.
[0016]
It is also a preferred embodiment that the plurality of paddles can adjust the feeding force arbitrarily, and an optimum paddle angle can be selected in accordance with physical properties such as the degree of viscosity of the object to be processed. Things.
[0017]
Further, it is a preferable embodiment to form a nozzle portion in the casing, which enables supply of auxiliary materials such as a pH adjuster from the outside. In this way, when the object to be treated is livestock manure, the corrosive acid is supplied and mixed, and when the water is insufficient, water is supplied even during the kneading and mixing. Is also possible.
[0018]
In addition, as the object to be treated, plant waste consisting of at least one of pruned branches, cut grass, algae, rice hulls, rice straw, wheat straw, waste wood, etc. is crushed and ground by a screw type pressure crushing and defibrating device. It is also a preferred embodiment to select a mixture of a pulverized plant material having a high air permeability obtained by defibration treatment and at least one kind of livestock excreta, garbage or a crushed product thereof or sludge. In this case, the foul odor component peculiar to manure, raw garbage, or sludge of livestock is absorbed by the pulverized plant material having high air permeability, and the generation of foul odor is completely eliminated. In addition to being unnecessary, aerobic fermentation is very easy to proceed because of its high air permeability.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part of a kneading, mixing and crushing apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. As shown in both figures, in the kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus of the present invention, a workpiece inlet 3 which opens upward at one end of a casing 1 and a workpiece opening 3 which opens downward at the other end. A processing object discharge port 4 is formed, and the object to be processed, which is rotationally driven by the motor 10 and the speed reducer 10 a and is charged into the casing 1 from the input port 3 side, is formed in the casing 1. The screw-type transfer means 2 for transferring the liquid to the outside 4 is arranged. The screw-type transfer means 2 includes a screw shaft 2a rotationally driven by the motor 10 via a speed reducer 10a, and a feed member and a stirring member arranged on the outer peripheral surface thereof. Are divided into the following four types.
[0020]
First, from the workpiece inlet 3 side (right side in the figure), the first feed screw blade 2b is spirally arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft 2a to form a first transfer section 2A. Here, it has a function of transferring the processing object input from the input port 3 to the front of the casing (to the left in the drawing). For example, screw-type press grinding of livestock manure such as cow dung and pig dung and plant waste consisting of at least one of pruned branches, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, cut grass, algae, waste wood, etc. When a mixture with a plant crushed material having a high air permeability (hereinafter, simply referred to as a “plant crushed material”) obtained by crushing and defibrating while being crushed by a defibrating device is introduced from the input port 3, a first feed screw is provided. Due to the rotation of the blade 2b, it is transported forward while being kneaded. In the kneading process, the malodorous plant material having high hygroscopicity gradually absorbs the malodorous component dissolved in the water together with the water of the animal manure, and the viscosity gradually decreases. At this stage, the uniform mixing of the livestock manure and the crushed plant material is incomplete.
[0021]
Next, the object to be processed comprising the livestock excreta and the crushed plant material is transferred to the stirring and mixing unit 2B formed following the first transfer unit 2A. Here, a plurality of paddles 5 for stirring are arranged at a spiral position along the axial direction of the outer periphery of the screw shaft 2a to form a mixing section 2B. The mounting angles of the paddles 5 are different so that the feed force gradually decreases toward the front and then gradually increases. That is, the mounting angle of the paddle 5a arranged at the position closest to the first transfer unit 2A is formed at an angle slightly inclined in the horizontal direction from the angle of the first screw blade 2b of the first transfer unit 2A. Although the feed force is slightly reduced, the angle of the paddle 5b positioned further forward is nearly horizontal, and the mounting angle of the paddle 5c positioned at the center of the stirring section is parallel to the axial direction of the screw shaft 2a. Has become. Therefore, the central paddle 5c has no forward transfer force, but merely has a stirring ability. Subsequently, as it is further forward, the feed force of the paddle gradually increases again, and the mounting angle of the paddle 5d located at the forefront becomes an angle close to the blade angle of the second feed screw blade 2c described below. I have. For this reason, in the stirring and mixing section 2B, the processing object fed from the first transfer section 2A is stirred while being transferred forward by the rotation of the paddle 5, and the livestock manure and the crushed vegetable matter are mixed. Are mixed, and the degree of uniform mixing advances. In the drawings showing the angle of the paddle in the figure, the attachment position is ignored for easy understanding, but the actual attachment of the paddle 5 to the screw shaft 2a is performed by using the screw shaft. The outer peripheral portion 2a is spirally arranged in the axial direction.
[0022]
In the stirring and mixing section 2B, the absorption of the water in the livestock manure and the malodorous component dissolved in the water into the pulverized plant matter further progresses, and the viscosity of the object to be treated further decreases. go. In the first half portion where the feeding force of the paddle 5 of the stirring and mixing section 2B gradually decreases, the object to be processed sent from the first transfer section 2A is compressed. Has the effect of squeezing out the water dissolving the malodorous component in the livestock manure from the inside, and the squeezed water comes into contact with the crushed vegetable matter by the stirring action of the paddle 5, and It will promote absorption into the crushed material. On the other hand, in the second half where the feed force gradually increases to the paddle 5, the compressive force of the object to be compressed and adhered in the first half gradually releases, so that the crushed vegetable material gradually swells. Since the bulk density gradually decreases, in this state, the object to be treated has almost no viscous characteristic peculiar to livestock manure.
[0023]
The paddle 5 disposed in the stirring and mixing section 2B has a blade section 5e having a stirring and mixing action, and a bolt section 5f having the blade section 5e at one end and penetrating through the screw shaft 2a. And a tightening nut 5g fastened to the tip of the bolt 5f, so that the mounting angle of the blade 5e with respect to the axis of the screw shaft 2a can be freely adjusted. Therefore, it is appropriately adjusted before assembling the apparatus according to the kind of the object to be processed and physical properties such as consistency and bulk density.
[0024]
The material to be treated, which has been stirred and mixed in this manner and has reduced viscosity, is subsequently transferred to a second transfer portion 2C in which a second feed screw blade 2c is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft 2a, It is reliably fed to the next discharge section 2D without staying in the stirring and mixing section 2B. Here, the mixing action is not as great as that of the stirring and mixing section 2B, but is subjected to a kneading action in the course of the feed action by the rotation of the second feed screw blade 2c, and the water in the livestock manure is converted into the vegetable ground material. Absorption further progresses.
[0025]
Next, the object to be processed, which has almost lost its viscosity due to the stirring and mixing, is fed to the next discharge unit 2D. Here, a screw blade 2d, which is opposite to the feed direction of the second feed screw blade 2c, is disposed at the foremost portion of the screw shaft 2a, and the feed blade that has been fed to the tip of the screw shaft is arranged. While pushing back the processed material, the processed material is dropped toward a discharge port 4 formed below the front end of the casing 1. A plurality of drop crushing acceleration bars 2e are attached at substantially the center of the front end of the second feed screw blade 2c and the rear end of the reverse screw blade 2d so as to protrude from the screw shaft 2a. Have been. Three to eight drop crushing acceleration bars 2e are arranged at equal intervals around the screw shaft 2a, and the object to be processed in a solid state transferred from the second transfer portion 2C is processed by the bar. 2e has a function of partially crushing the lump and dropping it downward.
[0026]
When the distance d between the leading end of the second feed screw blade 2c and the rear end of the reverse screw blade 2d is sufficiently large and the fall-down crushing acceleration bar 2e falls naturally, It is also possible to omit it. On the other hand, when it is difficult to widen the interval d due to the installation location or the like, the reference numeral 11 in the drawing is used instead of or together with the fall crushing acceleration bar 2e. It is preferable that a fixing bar penetrates the casing 1 and protrudes inside. Thus, even when the material to be processed is compacted in the discharge section 2D due to a sudden change in the physical properties of the material to be processed, etc., during the operation of the apparatus, the material to be processed and the screw shaft 2a And co-rotation is reliably prevented, and fall and crushing are further promoted.
[0027]
Next, the object to be treated that has dropped toward the discharge port 4 is crushed by a crushing means 8 provided at a lower portion thereof in parallel with the screw shaft 2a, and is discharged from the discharge port 4. become. The crushing means 8 is held by a protective cover 13 disposed so as to surround the discharge port 4 and is rotated by a motor 12 via a speed reducer 12a. The crushing bar 7 protrudes from the plurality of crushing bars 7 and crushes the lump of the objects to be processed that fall from the discharge port 4 into substantially granular shapes. In the illustrated example, the defibrating bars 7 are arranged in two rows at regular intervals of four along the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 6, but six or eight are arranged at regular intervals. Needless to say, it may be something.
[0028]
In the crushing means 8, in particular, when the livestock manure is mixed with a crushed plant material, the viscousness is almost lost in the stirring and mixing section 2 B as described above. The state of the object to be disintegrated is like wet sawdust, and even if it is picked up by hand and squeezed and opened, the state of the object is immediately disintegrated, and the particles of the object attached to the hand are also removed by hand. It is in a state where it can be paid off. It should be noted that, despite the fact that the livestock excrement is contained in the crushed material, the odor is completely eliminated. This is because, in the stirring and mixing section 2B, the malodorous component in livestock manure is absorbed together with moisture in the highly hygroscopic vegetable pulverized material, and the malodorous component is confined in the vegetable pulverized material by its water absorption holding power. It is considered that there is.
[0029]
In the above description, the second transfer section 2C having the second feed screw blade 2c is formed following the stirring and mixing section 2B, but as described above, the stirring and mixing section 2B has a feeding function. In addition, in the stirring and mixing section 2B, since the uniform mixing of the vegetable pulverized material and the livestock manure is substantially completed, the malodorous component of the livestock manure is also sufficiently absorbed by the vegetable pulverized matter, and the malodor is almost completely eliminated. Since the state has not been felt, it is also possible to omit the second transfer section and to form the discharge section 2D immediately after the stirring and mixing section 2B.
[0030]
An appropriate number of nozzle portions 9 are arranged on the side surface of the casing 1 along the longitudinal direction. This is a nozzle for injecting such auxiliary materials, because it is necessary to inject corrosive acid to adjust the pH of the material to be treated when composting the livestock manure by aerobic fermentation. In the case of mixing the pulverized material of the branches with the used paper such as newsprint, the mixture is appropriately used as a nozzle for injecting water or other mixed material such as oil cake.
[0031]
Next, a screw-type pressure pulverizing and defibrating device for producing the above-mentioned vegetable pulverized material will be described. As described in JP-A-8-253385 or JP-A-8-337985, the apparatus kneads and pulverizes fibrous waste such as pruned branches and newsprint while compressing the same by rotating a screw. It is known as a device that defibrate and extrude plant fibers from the tip.
[0032]
As shown in FIG. 4, the device 20 includes a casing 22, a screw 23 rotatably inserted into the casing 22, a top cover 27 fixed to a tip end of the casing by bolts 43a, The casing 22 has a support member 31 disposed at a central portion of the screw 27 and rotatably supporting a tip 32 of the screw 23, and a cutter 29 slidably contacting the inner surface of the top cover 27. Is provided with a funnel-shaped hopper 30 for charging an object to be processed, such that a lower opening of the hopper 30 is opened in the casing. Further, the top cover 27 is provided with a large number of discharge holes 26 for discharging the crushed material.
[0033]
The cutter 29 is arranged so as to be in contact with or close to the inner surface of the top cover 27, and is attached to the tip of the rotating shaft 40 of the screw 23 and rotates with the rotating shaft 40. The screw support member 31 is provided at the center of the top cover 27, and the tip 32 of the screw 23 is rotatably supported by the screw support member 31. Further, a rotation shaft 40 of the screw 23 is rotatably held by a rear cover 28 fixed to the casing 22 with bolts 43b, and a rear end thereof is attached to an appropriate drive source via a connector to connect the rotation shaft 40 to the drive shaft. It is structured to be rotatably supported in the casing 22. A plurality of shearing blade members 24 are fixed to the inside front side of the casing 22 by bolts 25 along the longitudinal direction of the casing 22.
[0034]
With the apparatus 1 having such a configuration, the object to be processed is crushed and kneaded while being crushed by the screw 23 and the inner surface of the casing 22 by the rotational force of the screw, and furthermore, the distance between the blades 23a of the screw 23 becomes narrower toward the tip. Accordingly, the object to be processed is pressure-fed forward by the rotational force of the screw 23 and is pushed out from the discharge hole 26 of the top cover 27. Immediately before the extrusion, the fibrous material to be processed is cut by a cutter 29 provided in front of the discharge hole 26 in the casing 22, thereby preventing the discharge hole 26 from being clogged. .
[0035]
A plurality of shearing blade members 24 are formed inside the casing 2 along the longitudinal direction of the casing 22, and crushing is performed by cutting the workpiece as conceptually shown in FIG. . That is, first, as shown in FIG. 3A, the workpiece 45 that has been pressure-fed by the rotation of the screw is sandwiched between the outer peripheral edge of the screw blade 23a and the shearing blade member 24. Next, as shown in FIG. 3B, the workpiece 45 is rotated by the rotation of the screw 23 (in the direction of the arrow in the figure) and the outer peripheral edge of the screw blade 23a and the tapered shear blade surface 24a of the shear blade member 24 are moved. As shown in FIG. 3 (c), the workpiece 45 present between the outer peripheral edge of the screw blade 23a and the tapered shearing blade surface 24a receives a shear force between the two members. Due to the crushing action by the movement, the fibrous material in the object to be treated is loosened and crushed while being loosened.
[0036]
As described above, the object 45 put into the casing 22 is gradually crushed into small pieces 45a and 45b, kneaded and crushed, and further crushed into smaller particles. In particular, since the blade pitch of the screw 23 becomes narrower toward the front, the object to be processed is compressed and consolidated by the rotational force of the screw toward the front of the screw, and further crushing and grinding by the kneading action in that state. Under the action, it is pulverized into finer particles.
[0037]
Since the pulverized material is compacted at the tip of the screw, the pulverized material rotates together with the screw in the space 44 at the tip of the screw depending on the type and state of the object to be processed, and the top cover 27 is discharged. Since there is a case where a phenomenon occurs in which the screw is not smoothly discharged from the hole 26, the resistance bar 35 is attached to the casing 22 so as to be able to advance and retreat so as to protrude into the screw tip space 44. Thereby, the co-rotation phenomenon of the compacted pulverized material in the screw tip space 44 is prevented, and the pulverized material is smoothly discharged.
[0038]
In the present invention, using such a screw-type pressurized crushing and fibrillating device, a crushed plant material obtained by crushing a plant waste such as pruned branches, cut grass, reeds, algae or waste wood is used. The crushed material is cut by the shearing force between the cutting blade member 24 and the blade 23a of the screw during the crushing process, and crushed by the rotational force of the screw 23 between the shearing members 23a and 24. Since the fibers are loosened and defibrated by this crushing action, and the temperature is raised to 80 to 100 ° C. or higher by frictional heat, the crushed material is as if it were “cotton compressed to high temperature and high pressure”. Is discharged from the discharge hole 26 in a state as described above, but after the discharge, the pressurized state by the screw is released, so that the moisture contained in the plant fibers or between the fibers in the pulverized material and in the high pressure state is large. Rapid under pressure Results expand and evaporated, fibers, if they Boppukon more disentangled swells like a, rich breathable, has a plant pulverized product rich in other words hygroscopicity. The crushed plant material is transformed into a state in which aerobic fermentation is easily performed, such as humus and humus formed in nature from fallen leaves and dead grass. Therefore, when the plant-based pulverized material according to the kneading-mixing and crushing apparatus of the present invention is charged and mixed with livestock manure or the like, aerobic fermentation of livestock manure and the like proceeds very easily, and anaerobic fermentation hardly occurs. Manure can be very easily composted.
[0039]
Next, an apparatus for producing a composting raw material for producing a compost by aerobic fermentation from livestock manure and the above-mentioned plant pulverized material using the kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the same apparatus, in which livestock manure is appropriately fed into a livestock manure hopper 51 provided with a fixed amount discharge device 51a, and the screw type pressure crushing and defibrating device shown in FIG. The plant pulverized material subjected to the pulverization process is appropriately fed to a vegetable pulverized material hopper 52 provided with a quantitative discharge device 52a. The livestock manure is discharged quantitatively from the livestock manure hopper 51 by the quantitative discharge device 51a, and is sent to the main conveyor 54 via the manure conveyor 53. The ground plant material is discharged from the ground plant hopper 52 by a constant discharge device 52a and discharged onto the main conveyor 54. In the main conveyer 54, a fixed amount is supplied from the input port of the kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus 55 according to the present invention together with the excrement sent from the excrement conveyor 53. The above-described crushed material discharged from the kneading / mixing / crushing device 55 falls on a conveyor 56 and is fed from the conveyor 56 into a receiving tank 57.
[0040]
Next, an embodiment of the present invention using the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 will be described.
Example 1 Raw cow dung with a water content of 80% was put into a livestock manure hopper 51, and a pruned branch of a tree was planted with a water content of 50% as it was pulverized by a screw-type pressure pulverizing and fibrillating apparatus shown in FIG. The crushed material was put into the crushed vegetable hopper 52, and the preparation of the raw material was completed. Next, the discharge amount of the fixed amount discharger 51a, 52a attached to each hopper is determined by the ratio of the raw plant manure 3 to the raw plant waste 3 by volume ratio (raw cow dung: plant ground product = 3: The discharge was set in 1) and the operation of the apparatus was started. From the main conveyor 54, a mixture of cattle dung and plant-based pulverized material is continuously supplied to the inlet of the kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus 55 at the above-described ratio, and the discharge section of the kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus 55 , The crushed material was continuously discharged and continuously fed into the receiving tank 57.
[0041]
In the vicinity of the hopper 51, the manure urine conveyor 53, the main conveyor 56, and the inlet of the kneading / mixing and crushing device 55 into which raw cow manure was charged, an odor peculiar to cow manure was generated, but around the conveyor 56 for transporting the crushed material. I didn't feel any odor. The crushed material conveyed on the conveyor 56 had a smooth feel, and there was no bad smell even when picked up by hand and smelled. Further, when the squeeze was squeezed by hand and returned to the conveyer 56, it was immediately disintegrated, and the stiffness could not be maintained. Furthermore, when the crushed material adhering to the palm was hit, it fell very easily, leaving nothing on the palm and no odor attached to the palm. From this fact, it was confirmed that the crushed product obtained by the apparatus of the present invention was rich in air permeability and suitable for aerobic fermentation.
[0042]
In the above description, kneading, mixing and disintegration of a mixture of livestock manure and crushed vegetable matter has been mainly described, but the apparatus of the present invention is not limited to this, and instead of livestock manure, garbage or garbage can be used. A composting raw material is produced in the same manner as in the case of the livestock manure by kneading, stirring, and disintegrating a mixture of the ground material and the vegetable ground material or a mixture of the sludge and the vegetable ground material. Is also possible. Furthermore, it is also possible to uniformly mix an appropriate binder with the above-mentioned pulverized plant material and disintegrate the mixture, put it in a mold, and use it for adjusting raw materials for forming a nursery bed formed in a block shape. .
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the kneading / mixing and disintegrating apparatus of the present invention, the screw type kneading unit and the paddle are used to uniformly mix the mixture of livestock manure and plant crushed material using the screw type transfer means. Since the stir-mixing unit and the crushing unit are arranged in one casing, the kneaded material and the stirring mixture that generate the most foul odors are isolated from the atmosphere, so that there is no odor around them. In addition, it is possible to perform each step of the kneading, mixing, and disintegration processing.
[0044]
In particular, as the configuration of the stirring and mixing unit 2B, a paddle type stirring device is used and the mounting angle of the paddle 5 is adjusted so that the paddle 5 itself has a feeding function. It is possible to integrate with the stirring and mixing section. Further, if the mounting angle of the paddle can be freely changed, the apparatus can be operated in an optimum state according to the characteristics of the workpiece.
[0045]
Further, since the feeding ability generated by the mounting angle of the paddle 5 is sequentially adjusted from large to small and again from small to large, in the first half of the stirring and mixing section composed of the paddle rows, The compressive force acts on, and the effect of squeezing out the moisture in the object to be treated acts, and this moisture is absorbed by the moisture-absorbing material such as the crushed vegetable matter in the object to be treated. The amount of the malodor component dissolved in the water absorbed by the moisture-absorbing material also increases, so that the degree of malodor generation from the crushed material can be greatly reduced. On the other hand, in the second half where the feeding capacity by the paddle changes from small to large, the object to be processed which has been compressed in the first half swells and the pressure density decreases, and the crushing by the crushing device in the next step is performed. Easy going.
[0046]
Further, a mixture of livestock excreta and a crushed and defibrated, highly air-permeable (moisture-absorbing) plant-based pulverized material that has been crushed and crushed by the aforementioned screw-type pressure crushing and defibrating device is kneaded by the apparatus of the present invention. When the mixed crushing treatment is performed, the resulting malodorous component dissolved in the water in the manure together with the water in the livestock manure in the course of the treatment is absorbed by the pulverized plant material and is stably retained. The crushed material is a crushed material having no bad smell. Therefore, since there is no odor peculiar to livestock manure in the subsequent aerobic fermentation treatment or in the fermentation process, there is no need to take countermeasures against odors in the fermentation treatment equipment, and equipment costs and composting costs can be significantly reduced. As a result, the spread of organic fertilizer using livestock manure as a raw material will be promoted.
[0047]
The same is true for the case where the composting raw material is prepared from a mixture of garbage and the above-mentioned plant-based crushed material. Since no countermeasures are required, it can be used as an adjusting device for composting raw materials even in hotels located in the middle of the city, which is expected to have the effect of greatly promoting the utilization of garbage generated in urban areas as resources. The social effects of the device of the present invention are great.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a main part of a screw-type pressurized pulverizing and defibrating device for vegetable waste used in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a step of pulverizing and defibrating vegetable waste by the apparatus shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of equipment for producing a composting raw material using the kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an example of a mixing device used in a conventional manure processing device.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 casing
2 Screw transfer means
2a Screw shaft
2b First feed screw blade
2c Second feed screw blade
2d reverse screw blade
2e Drop crushing acceleration bar
2A First transfer unit
2B Stirring and mixing section
2C Second transfer unit
2D discharge unit
3 Input port
4 outlet
5 paddles
6 Rotation axis
7 crushing bar
8 Crushing unit
9 Nozzle part
20 Screw type pressure crushing and defibrating device

Claims (11)

A screw-type transfer means (2) is disposed in a casing (1) having an input port (3) for an object to be processed at one end and an outlet (4) for an object to be processed at a lower portion on the other end. By rotating the screw-type transfer means (2), the object to be processed is kneaded, mixed and crushed while being transferred from one end of the casing (1) to the other end, and the crushed material is discharged. A kneading, mixing and crushing apparatus,
The screw-type transfer means (2) has a first feed screw blade (2b) arranged on the outer periphery of the screw shaft (2a) in order from the input port (3) side to transfer the workpiece forward. A first transfer section (2A), and a stirring and mixing section (2B) for stirring and mixing the object to be processed by a paddle (5) arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft (2a). A discharge section (2D) for discharging the workpiece downward.
In the stirring and mixing section (2B), a plurality of paddles (5) are arranged so that the feed force of each paddle gradually decreases as the distance from the first transfer section (2A) decreases and then increases again. It is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft (2a) spirally along its axial direction,
A screw blade (2d) opposite to the first feed screw blade (2b) is disposed on the screw shaft (2a) at the tip of the discharge unit (2D). The object to be stirred and mixed is dropped.
A crushing means (8) comprising a rotating shaft (6) and a plurality of crushing bars (7) protruding from the rotating shaft (6) is arranged below the discharge port (4). A kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus characterized in that the kneaded and mixed object is crushed and discharged as a crushed material to the outside. A plurality of protruding parts around the screw shaft (2a) protruding around the screw shaft (2a) at an intermediate part between the reverse screw blade (2d) at the distal end of the discharge part (D) and the distal end of the first feed screw blade (2b). The kneading-mixing-crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a drop-crushing accelerating bar (2e) is arranged. A fixed bar (11) between the reverse screw blade (2d) and the second feed screw blade (2c) at the tip of the discharge portion (D) so as to protrude from the casing (1) to the inside. The kneading, mixing and crushing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein A screw-type transfer means (2) is disposed in a casing (1) having an input port (3) for an object to be processed at one end and an outlet (4) for an object to be processed at a lower portion on the other end. By rotating the screw-type transfer means (2), the object to be processed is kneaded, mixed and crushed while being transferred from one end of the casing (1) to the other end, and the crushed material is discharged. A kneading, mixing and crushing apparatus,
The screw-type transfer means (2) has a first feed screw blade (2b) arranged on the outer periphery of the screw shaft (2a) in order from the input port (3) side to transfer the workpiece forward. A first transfer section (2A), a stirring and mixing section (2B) for stirring and mixing the object to be processed by a paddle (5) arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft (2a), and the screw shaft (2a). ), A second feed screw blade (2c) is arranged on the outer periphery of the second transfer unit (2C) for transferring the stirred and mixed workpiece forward, and a second feed screw blade (2C). A discharge section (2D) for discharging the workpiece to be fed downward,
In the stirring and mixing section (2B), a plurality of paddles (5) are arranged so that the feed force of each paddle gradually decreases as the distance from the first transfer section (2A) decreases and then increases again. Spirally attached to the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft (2a) along the longitudinal direction thereof,
A screw blade (2d) opposite to the second feed screw blade (2c) is arranged on the screw shaft (2a) at the tip of the discharge unit (2D). The object to be stirred and mixed is dropped to the discharge port (4),
A crushing means (8) comprising a rotating shaft (6) and a plurality of crushing bars (7) protruding from the rotating shaft (6) is arranged below the discharge port (4). A kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus characterized in that the kneaded and mixed object is crushed and discharged as a crushed material to the outside. A plurality of protruding parts around the screw shaft (2a) protruding around the screw shaft (2a) at an intermediate part between the reverse screw blade (2d) at the distal end of the discharge portion (D) and the distal end of the second feed screw blade (2c). The kneading-mixing-crushing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a drop-crushing promoting bar (2e) is arranged. A fixed bar (11) between the reverse screw blade (2d) and the second feed screw blade (2c) at the tip of the discharge portion (D) so as to protrude from the casing (1) to the inside. The kneading, mixing and crushing apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein In the screw transfer means (2), a plurality of the screw shafts (2a) are arranged in parallel, and rotation directions of adjacent screw shafts (2a) are set to be opposite to each other, Means (8) is such that the same number of rotation shafts (6) as the screw shaft (2a) are arranged parallel to the screw shaft (2a), and the rotation direction of each adjacent rotation shaft (6) is The kneading-mixing-crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is set in the opposite direction. The plurality of paddles (5) of the agitator (B) are attached so as to be adjustable in angle of attachment to the screw shaft (2a) so that the feed force can be adjusted. The kneading, mixing and crushing device described The kneading / mixing / crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the casing (1) is formed with a nozzle portion (9) that enables external materials such as a pH adjuster to be supplied from outside. The object to be treated is a plant waste comprising at least one of pruned branches, cut grass, algae, chaff, rice straw, wheat straw, waste wood, and the like, which is crushed and ground by a screw-type pressure crushing and fibrillating device (20). It is a mixture of a crushed plant material obtained by defibration and one or more of livestock excreta, raw garbage or crushed garbage or sludge, and these mixtures are kneaded, mixed and crushed. The kneading-mixing-crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is for producing a raw material for composting by aerial fermentation. The kneading / mixing and crushing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the manure of the livestock is cow manure or pig manure or a mixed manure containing these.

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