JP2004091747A - Tire rubber composition and its production method - Google Patents
Tire rubber composition and its production method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、タイヤ用ゴム組成物に関し、さらに詳しくは、ゴムの加工による氷上摩擦性能の低下を抑制したタイヤのトレッド部等に使用されるタイヤ用ゴム組成物およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
タイヤ用ゴム組成物に種々の異物粉体を配合し、表面にミクロな凹凸をつくることによって、氷の表面に発生する水膜を除去し、氷上摩擦力を向上させる手法が数多く検討されている。
【0003】
例えば、タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物に熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子(熱膨張性マイクロカプセル)を配合することが提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。これはゴム組成物中に配合された熱膨張性マイクロカプセルをゴム組成物の加硫工程における熱によって膨張させて中空状とするものである。しかし、この熱膨張性マイクロカプセルをゴム組成物に混合する際に、その条件によっては、ゴム組成物にかかる混合機のせん断力によって熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの構造がつぶれたり破壊してしまい、ゴム組成物を加硫しても熱膨張性マイクロカプセルが膨張せずに中空粒子を含む所望のゴム組成物が得られなくなることがあるという問題があった。
【0004】
また、タイヤ用ゴム組成物に異物粉体として膨張黒鉛を配合して氷上摩擦性能を向上させることが提案されている(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。膨張黒鉛は黒鉛粒子の層間に熱により気化する物質を内包しており、ゴム組成物の加硫工程における熱等によるその層間物質の気化によって高膨張させて黒鉛膨張体とすることができる。しかし、この膨張黒鉛をゴム組成物中に混合する際に、膨張黒鉛の一部が混合時に破壊されてゴム組成物が所望の氷上摩擦性能を発揮できなくなるとともに、破壊された膨張黒鉛から酸成分が発生し、この酸成分が混合機等の加工機械を腐食させたり、他の配合剤に悪影響を及ぼすという問題を惹き起こすという問題があった。また、膨張黒鉛と上記の熱膨張性マイクロカプセルとを併用して配合した場合には、この酸成分が熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの殻材を侵食し、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの膨張機能を阻害してしまい所望のタイヤ用ゴム組成物の氷上摩擦性能が得られなくなるという問題があった。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−35736号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2001−279020号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の課題は、ゴムの加工による氷上摩擦性能の低下を抑制したタイヤ用ゴム組成物およびその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、熱によって膨張して気体封入熱可塑性樹脂となる熱膨張性マイクロカプセル1〜20重量部、および、ガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂1〜20重量部を含むタイヤ用ゴム組成物が提供される。
【0008】
また、本発明によれば、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、膨張黒鉛1〜20重量部、および、ガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂1〜20重量部を含む前記タイヤ用ゴム組成物が提供される。
【0009】
また、本発明によれば、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、熱によって膨張して気体封入熱可塑性樹脂となる熱膨張性マイクロカプセル1〜20重量部、膨張黒鉛1〜20重量部、および、ガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂1〜20重量部を含む前記タイヤ用ゴム組成物が提供される。
【0010】
また、本発明によれば、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、化学発泡剤5〜65重量%を含む発泡剤含有樹脂0.5〜20重量部をさらに含み、前記発泡剤含有樹脂の樹脂がジエン系ゴムと共架橋性でないポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分としたものであり、さらに前記タイヤ用ゴム組成物がゴムの加硫後に樹脂層によって被覆されたマイクロカプセル状の気泡を有する構造となる前記タイヤ用ゴム組成物が提供される。
【0011】
また、本発明によれば、前記熱可塑性樹脂がテルペン樹脂である前記タイヤ用ゴム組成物が提供される。
【0012】
また、本発明によれば、未加硫ゴム組成物の最終混合工程に、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、熱によって膨張して気体封入熱可塑性樹脂となる熱膨張性マイクロカプセル1〜20重量部および/または膨張黒鉛1〜20重量部、および、ガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂1〜20重量部を投入して混合する前記タイヤ用ゴム組成物の製造方法が提供される。
【0013】
また、本発明によれば、前記熱膨張性マイクロカプセルおよび/または前記膨張黒鉛、および、前記熱可塑性樹脂の投入時に、さらに化学発泡剤5〜65重量%を含むジエン系ゴムと共架橋性でないポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分とした発泡剤含有樹脂0.5〜20重量部を投入して混合し、この未加硫ゴム組成物を加硫し、ゴム中に樹脂層によって被覆されたマイクロカプセル状の気泡を有する構造となる前記タイヤ用ゴム組成物の製造方法が提供される。
【0014】
さらに、本発明によれば、前記ジエン系ゴムのガラス転移温度(Tg)の平均値が−55℃以下である前記タイヤ用ゴム組成物およびその製造方法が提供される。
【0015】
以上のように、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルや膨張黒鉛とともに、ガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃とゴムの混合温度以下である熱可塑性樹脂を配合することによって、この熱可塑性樹脂がゴムの混練中に融解し、融解した樹脂成分が潤滑剤として作用し、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルや膨張黒鉛が混合機から受けるせん断力を適度にやわらげる。このことによって熱膨張性マイクロカプセルや膨張黒鉛は大半の粒子が混合工程で破壊されることが最小限に抑えられ、最終的にゴム組成物が加硫された時にこれらが膨張し氷上性能効果が発揮され、タイヤ用ゴム組成物の氷上摩擦性能の低下を抑制することができる。
【0016】
この熱可塑性樹脂は、ゴムの混練中に融解し、混練後には、混練後には、ゴム組成物中に充分に分散、相溶するので、特に悪影響は発生しない。一方、オイル等の他の潤滑剤では粘度が低すぎるため、混合中に滑りを生じ分散悪化してしまう。また、膨張黒鉛が破壊されて酸成分が発生し、この酸成分が混合機等の加工機械を腐食してしまったり、併用した熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを破壊することが有効に防止される。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂は、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、1〜20重量部、好ましくは、3〜10重量部配合される。軟化点が50℃未満では、未加硫ゴム組成物の混合中に潤滑効果が出過ぎて滑りを生じ未加硫ゴム組成物の混合性が悪化し、ゴムやゴム用配合剤が混ざりにくくなってしまい、逆に90℃を超えると未加硫ゴム組成物の混合中に溶融しにくくなるために、本発明の効果が発揮されにくくなってしまうからである。また、配合量が少なすぎると本発明の効果が得られず、逆に多すぎると混合性、ゴム組成物の耐摩耗性が悪化してしまう。
【0018】
このガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、テルペン樹脂等を挙げることができる。テルペン樹脂とは、(C5H8)nの組成で表される炭化水素及びこれの含酸素誘導体であるテルペン類に触媒を加えて重合あるいは共重合して得られたものである。このテルペン類として具体的には、ピネン、カレン、ミルセン、オシメン、リモネン、テルピレノン、テルピネン、サビネン、トリシクレン、ビサボレン、ジンギベレン、サンタレン、カンホレン、ミレン、トタレン等が例示できる。
【0019】
本発明の熱膨張性マイクロカプセルは、熱によって膨張して気体封入熱可塑性樹脂となる熱膨張性マイクロカプセルであって、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、1〜20重量部、好ましくは、2〜10重量部を用いる。この配合量が1重量部より少な過ぎると本発明の所望の効果が得られず、逆に20重量部よりも多過ぎるとゴム組成物の耐摩耗性の低下が著しくなるので好ましくない。
【0020】
この熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの膨張前の粒子径は、特に限定されないが、膨張前で5〜300μmであるものが好ましく、さらに好ましくは粒径10〜200μmのものである。
【0021】
前記熱膨張性マイクロカプセルは熱により気化して気体を発生する液体を熱可塑性樹脂に内包した熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子であり、この粒子をその膨張開始温度以上の温度、通常130〜190℃の温度で加熱して膨張させて、その熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻中に気体を封入した気体封入熱可塑性樹脂粒子となる。
【0022】
このような熱膨張性マイクロカプセルとしては、例えば、現在、スウェーデンのEXPANCEL社より商品名「エクスパンセル091DU−80」または「エクスパンセル092DU−120」等として、あるいは松本油脂社より商品名「マツモトマイクロスフェアーF−85」または「マツモトマイクロスフェアーF−100」等として入手可能である。
【0023】
前記の気体封入熱可塑性樹脂粒子の外殻成分を構成する熱可塑性樹脂としては、その膨張開始温度が100℃以上、好ましくは120℃以上で、最大膨張温度が150℃以上、好ましくは160℃以上のものが好ましく用いられる。そのような熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば(メタ)アクリロニトリルの重合体、また(メタ)アクリロニトリル含有量の高い共重合体が好適に用いられる。その共重合体の場合の他のモノマー(コモノマー)としては、ハロゲン化ビニル、ハロゲン化ビニリデン、スチレン系モノマー、(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー、酢酸ビニル、ブタジエン、ビニルピリジン、クロロプレン等のモノマーが用いられる。なお、上記の熱可塑性樹脂は、ジビニルベンゼン、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、1,3−ブチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、アリル(メタ)アクリレート、トリアクリルホルマール、トリアリルイソシアヌレート等の架橋剤で架橋可能にされていてもよい。架橋形態については、未架橋が好ましいが、熱可塑性樹脂としての性質を損わない程度に部分的に架橋していてもかまわない。
【0024】
前記の熱により気化して気体を発生する液体としては、例えば、n−ペンタン、イソペンタン、ネオペンタン、ブタン、イソブタン、ヘキサン、石油エーテルのような炭化水素類、塩化メチル、塩化メチレン、ジクロロエチレン、トリクロロエタン、トリクロルエチレンのような塩素化炭化水素のような液体が挙げられる。
【0025】
本発明の膨張黒鉛は、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、1〜20重量部、好ましくは2〜8重量部配合され、上記の熱膨張性マイクロカプセルと併用することもできる。この配合量が少な過ぎると所望の効果が得られないので好ましくなく、逆に多過ぎるとゴム表面と氷結路面間のミクロレベルにおける接触面積が低下するために、氷上摩擦力が低下するので好ましくない。また配合量が多すぎる場合にはゴム組成物の耐摩耗性および機械的強度が低下するので好ましくない。
【0026】
膨張黒鉛(Expandable Graphite)は黒鉛粒子の層間に熱により気化する物質を内包する粒子サイズ30〜600μm、好ましくは100〜350μmの粉体物質であり、加硫時の熱によって膨張して黒鉛膨張体(Expanded Graphite)となることが好ましい。
【0027】
膨張黒鉛は炭素原子から形成されたシートが層状に重なった構造をしており、硫酸や硝酸などとともに酸処理(インターカレーション処理)することによって得られる。この膨張黒鉛は例えば加熱によりその層間物質の気化によって高膨張させて黒鉛膨張体(又は発泡黒鉛)とすることができる。膨張処理前は材質が硬いために混合による品質低下が起りにくく、また一定温度にて不可逆的に膨張するため、タイヤの加硫によってゴムマトリックス内部に空間を伴う異物を容易に形成させることができる。このようなゴムを用いたタイヤのトレッド部は摩耗時に表面凹凸が適度に形成され、氷とタイヤの接触面上の水膜を効率よく除去することによって氷上摩擦力の向上に働く。
【0028】
膨張黒鉛は既に公知の材料であり、公知の製法によって製造される。一般的には強酸物質と酸化剤との混合液に黒鉛粒子を浸漬し、インターカレーション処理により黒鉛粒子の層間に酸を挿入させて製造する。例えば強酸物質としては濃硫酸、酸化剤として硝酸が使われ、これにより粒子の層間に硫酸が挿入された膨張黒鉛が得られる。膨張黒鉛は熱処理によって層間化合物が揮発することによって層間が開き、膨張する。層間物質に硫酸が用いられる膨張黒鉛は通常300℃以上での熱処理によって膨張するが、層間物質の改質や他の低沸点酸化合物(例えば硝酸)の使用または併用によって、膨張開始温度を300℃以下に下げた膨張黒鉛が製造、市販されている。本発明で対象となるジエン系ゴムを主成分としたゴム組成物の加工温度は200℃以下であり、本発明では膨張開始温度が190℃以下の膨張黒鉛を用いることによって所定の効果が発揮される。
【0029】
このような膨張開始温度が190℃以下の膨張黒鉛としては、例えば巴工業より米国のUCAR Graphtech社製の「グラフガード160−50」または「グラフガード160−80」等が市販されており、入手可能である。
【0030】
膨張黒鉛は用語的には酸処理を行った直後の未膨張品(Expandable)を示すが、熱処理後の既膨張品(Expanded)のことを呼ぶ場合もある。本発明にてゴム組成物として配合される膨張黒鉛は熱処理前の未膨張品である。
【0031】
本発明においては、膨張黒鉛はゴム組成物の混練工程、押出し成形工程で膨張せず、加硫工程にて膨張させることが望ましく、膨張開始温度が好ましくは120〜190℃、更に好ましくは140〜170℃のものが用いられる。膨張開始温度が120℃未満であると、膨張黒鉛が混練り時、あるいは押出し加工時に膨張し、ゴム比重が工程途中で変化することにより加工性が損なわれるおそれがある。また、膨張開始温度が190℃を超える場合には加硫工程での加工温度を190℃以上に設定しなければならず、ゴム組成物の主成分であるジエン系ゴム分子の熱劣化が著しくなる傾向にある。
【0032】
一方、膨張黒鉛は炭素原子からなる骨格構造をとっているためにゴムマトリックスやカーボンブラックとの親和性が良好であり、ゴムに配合添加しても加硫ゴムの耐摩耗性能の低下が少ないという利点がある。
【0033】
さらに、本発明のタイヤ用ゴム組成物には、上記のガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルや膨張黒鉛に加え、ジエン系ゴム100重量部に対し、化学発泡剤を含む発泡剤含有樹脂0.5〜20重量部、さらに好ましくは2〜8重量部を配合するのが、タイヤ用ゴム組成物の氷上摩擦性能をさらに向上させることができ好ましい。この配合量が少なすぎると、空隙形成効果が不充分となり添加効果が小さくなり、逆に多すぎると加硫ゴムの形状安定性を損ね、かつゴムの耐摩耗性を著しく損ねるので好ましくない。
【0034】
この発泡剤含有樹脂を配合することによって、ゴムの加硫後の硬度を大きく低下させることなく、ゴム内部にマイクロカプセル状の樹脂被覆気泡を形成させ、摩耗後のゴム表面に出現する表面凹凸によるゴム/氷間のミクロな水膜除去と気泡とともに表面に露出した樹脂成分による氷表面への引っ掻き効果を同時に得ることによってゴム/氷間の摩擦力を大きく向上させることができる。ポリオレフィン樹脂によって予め被覆された発泡剤を配合するため、発泡剤の分解温度以下であれば樹脂の軟化点に関係なく加工温度を選ぶことができ、気泡周囲の樹脂による被覆層は効率よく確実に形成される。また、ポリオレフィン樹脂がジエン系ゴムと共架橋性を有しないために、樹脂層が高温の加工時または加硫時にゴム相に不必要に拡散することがなく、ゴム相と樹脂部分が明確に分離したマイクロカプセル状の樹脂被覆気泡が得られるのが特徴である。さらに、樹脂被覆によって気密性の改善された気泡では、加硫時のモールド接触面におけるガス抜けが起こりにくく、その結果、加硫ゴムは表層部から中心部までマイクロカプセル状気泡がより均一に分散した性状となる。このようなゴム組成物を用いた氷雪路面用タイヤは、使用初期から高い氷上摩擦力が発揮できるという特徴を持つ。
【0035】
本発明において、発泡剤含有樹脂を構成する樹脂成分はジエン系ゴムとは共架橋性を有しないものでなければならず、具体的にはポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分としたものが用いられる。なお、ここで主成分とはポリオレフィン系樹脂が全樹脂成分の75重量%以上、好ましくは85重量%以上のものをいい、他の成分としては、例えば、オレフィンモノマーの未反応残基、重合開始剤や触媒等の残査、加工助剤、ポリオレフィン系樹脂以外のポリマー状樹脂等が挙げられる。この樹脂成分は、ジエン系ゴムとの共架橋を防ぐため分子の主鎖中に二重結合が残っていないものが好ましい。ポリオレフィン系樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ−4−メチルペンテン−1、ポリブチレン−1等の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いることができ、これらの混合物や共重合体も使用することができる。
【0036】
本発明の発泡剤含有樹脂の中の化学発泡剤の含有率は5〜65重量%、好ましくは15〜50重量%である。この配合量が少なすぎると空隙の形成効果が不充分となるおそれがあり、逆に多すぎると形成される殻の厚みが薄くなり、マイクロカプセルとしての引っ掻き効果が不充分になるおそれがある。
【0037】
本発明の化学発泡剤の分解温度は120〜180℃、好ましくは140〜160℃であるのが好ましい。この温度が低すぎると混合、押出加工中に十分な大きさの樹脂被覆気泡を形成させることができない。なお、この分解温度が高すぎる場合には尿素等の発泡助剤との併用によって分解温度を120〜180℃に調整することもできる。発泡助剤は、例えば永和化成工業社の「セルペースト」として入手可能である。
【0038】
本発明に使用する化学発泡剤成分は、アゾ化合物、ニトロソ化合物、ヒドラジン誘導体、アゾ化合物、重炭酸塩の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いることができ、具体的にはアゾジカルボンアミド(ADCA)、N,N’−ジニトロソペンタメチレンテトラミン(DPT)、4,4’−オキシビス(ベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド(OBSH)、ヒドラゾジカルボンアミド(HDCA)、バリウムアゾシカルボキシレート(Ba/AC)、炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)等が挙げられ、これらは永和化成工業社の「ビニルホール」(ADCA)、「セルラー」(DPT)、「ネオセルボン」(OBSH)、「エクセラー」(DPT/ADCA)、「スパンセル」(ADCA/OBSH)、「セルボン」(NaHCO3)等が市販されている。
【0039】
発泡剤含有樹脂の粒子径は、10〜200μmであるのが好ましい。これより小さいとゴム表面に十分な大きさの凹凸を形成できず、大きすぎるとゴムの機械的強度の低下が著しくなってしまう。このような発泡剤含有樹脂としては、例えば永和化成工業社から「セルパウダー」として市販されている。また、加硫ゴム組成物内に形成されるマイクロカプセル状気泡は球形であるが、原料段階での発泡剤含有樹脂の形状は球形である必要はない。
【0040】
本発明の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル、前記膨張黒鉛、ガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂、および、発泡剤含有樹脂の未加硫ゴム組成物への投入と混合が最終混合工程として行われ、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルや膨張黒鉛の破壊を最小限に防止するために、これ以降の混合は行わないのが好ましい。なお、この際に加硫剤、加硫促進剤等の加硫系配合剤や、加硫系配合剤以外のゴム用配合剤を同時に投入してもよい。なお、本発明に用いられる混合機は、ゴム組成物を製造することができるものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば、ロールミル、バンバリーミキサー、ニーダー、ブラベンダーミキサー等を挙げることができる。
【0041】
本発明において使用するジエン系ゴムは、従来よりタイヤ用として使用されている任意のジエン系ゴム、例えば天然ゴム(NR)、ポリイソプレンゴム(IR)、各種スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴム(SBR)、各種ポリブタジエンゴム(BR)、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン共重合体ゴムなどをあげることができ、これらは単独又は任意のブレンドとして使用することができる。
【0042】
また、本発明のジエン系ゴムのガラス転移温度(Tg)の平均値が−55℃以下、好ましくは−90〜−60℃(すなわち冬用タイヤに使用)であるのが好ましい。
【0043】
本発明のゴム組成物には、ゴム補強剤として、通常ゴム組成物に配合される任意のカーボンブラックを配合することができる。また、シリカで表面処理を施したカーボンブラックも使用可能である。またシリカも使用することができる。カーボンブラックの配合量としては、ゴム成分100重量部に対し、20〜80重量部、好ましくは30〜60重量部で使用される。この配合量が少な過ぎるとゴムを十分に補強できないため、例えば耐摩擦性が悪化するので好ましくなく、逆に多過ぎると硬度が高くなり過ぎたり、加工性が低下したりするので好ましくない。また沈降性又は乾式シリカはゴム成分100重量部に対し好ましくは0〜50重量部、更に好ましくは0〜20重量部配合する。シリカは使用されなくてもよく、使用する場合はtanδなどの加硫ゴムの粘弾性特性が改良される範囲の配合量で用いるのがよく、これが多過ぎると耐摩耗性が低下し、また補強剤の凝集力が強くなり、混練中の分散が不充分となるので好ましくない。
【0044】
本発明において使用するカーボンブラックは、窒素吸着比表面積(N2SA)が好ましくは70m2/g以上、更に好ましくは80〜200m2/gであり、ジブチルフタレート(DBP)吸油量が好ましくは95ml/100g以上、更に好ましくは105〜140ml/100gである。
【0045】
本発明のタイヤ用ゴム組成物には、さらに、通常の加硫または架橋剤、加硫または架橋促進剤、各種オイル、老化防止剤、充填剤、可塑化剤、その他一般ゴム用に一般的に配合されている各種添加剤を配合することができ、これらの添加剤の配合量も、本発明の目的に反しない限り、従来の一般的な配合量とすることができる。
【0046】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに説明するが、本発明の範囲をこれらの実施例に限定するものではない。
実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜3
表1および表2に示す配合(重量部)に従って、1.7リットル密閉式バンバリーミキサーを用いて、ゴム、カーボンブラック等の配合剤を5分間混合し、ゴム組成物を混合機外に放出させて室温冷却させた後、同じバンバリーミキサーにて、加硫促進剤、硫黄、テルペン樹脂(熱可塑性樹脂)、熱膨張性マイクロカプセル、膨張黒鉛、発泡剤含有樹脂とともに投入して混合した。得られた各未加硫ゴム組成物について、以下の各試験に供し、結果を表1および表2に示した。なお、実施例については、ジエン系ゴムのTgの平均値は−55℃以下であった。
【0047】
加硫ゴムの膨張率
未加硫ゴム組成物を直径3cm、高さ1.5cmの円柱形のモールド内で170℃にて15分加硫し、加硫後に十分に水中冷却されたゴムの中心部を切り抜き、比重測定を行い、加硫ゴムの膨張率を計算比重に対する加硫ゴムの比重の低下率として算出し、比較例1または比較例2を100としたときの指数にて表示した。この値が、大きいほど膨張率が大きい。
【0048】
pH
水300g中にて、未加硫ゴム組成物または加硫ゴム組成物50gを1時間煮沸し、冷却後の水のpHを測定した。
氷上摩擦力
未加硫ゴム組成物を15×15×0.2cmの金型中で160℃で20分間プレス加硫して試験片(ゴムシート)を調製し、試験片を偏平円柱状の台ゴムにはりつけ、測定温度−3.0℃と−1.5℃、荷重0.54MPa、ドラム回転速度25km/hの条件でインサイドドラム型氷上摩擦試験機にて氷上摩擦係数を測定し、比較例1または比較例2を100としたときの指数にて表示した。この値が、大きいほど氷上摩擦性能に優れる。
【0049】
【表1】
【0050】
【表2】
【0051】
上記表1および表2に使用した各成分は、以下のものを使用した。
天然ゴム:RSS#3、リブドスモークドシート3号
ポリブタジエンゴム:NIPOL 1220、日本ゼオン(株)製、ガラス転移温度=−101℃
カーボンブラック:SHOBLACK N220、昭和キャボット(株)製、N2SA=111m2/g, DBP吸油量=111ml/100g
老化防止剤:SANTOFLEX 6PPD、フレキシス社製
亜鉛華:酸化亜鉛3種、正同化学工業(株)製
ステアリン酸:日本油脂(株)製
アロマオイル:富士興産(株)製
加硫促進剤:SANTOCURE NS、フレキシス社製
硫黄:鶴見化学工業社製
熱膨張性マイクロカプセル:マイクロスフェアーF100D、膨張開始温度=160℃、松本油脂社製
膨張黒鉛:グラフガード160−80N、膨張開始温度=160℃、巴工業(株)
発泡剤含有樹脂:セルパウダーF50、化学発泡剤(OBSH40〜50重量%)含有樹脂、永和化成工業(株)製
テルペン樹脂:TO−085、ヤスハラケミカル社製、ガラス転位温度=25℃、軟化点=85℃
【0052】
上記表1および表2に示すように、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂であるテルペン樹脂を配合しなかった比較例のタイヤ用ゴム組成物は、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルや膨張黒鉛が混合中に破壊されやすくなってしまい、加硫ゴムの膨張率が比較的小さくなり、十分な氷上摩擦性能の改善効果が認められなかった。また、表2においては、膨張黒鉛が破壊されると、酸成分が発生し熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを破壊してしまうが、その際にゴム組成物がより酸性となっていることがわかる(比較例2〜3)。それに対して、テルペン樹脂を配合した実施例のタイヤ用ゴム組成物は、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルや膨張黒鉛の混合中の破壊が抑制され、加硫ゴムの膨張率が大きくなり、優れた氷上摩擦性能の改善効果が得られた。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
本発明に従って、タイヤ用ゴム組成物に、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルや膨張黒鉛に加え、ガラス転位温度が10〜60℃、軟化点が50〜90℃である熱可塑性樹脂1〜20重量部を配合することによって、ゴムの加工による氷上摩擦性能の低下を抑制したタイヤ用ゴム組成物およびその製造方法を得ることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rubber composition for a tire, and more particularly, to a rubber composition for a tire used for a tread portion of a tire in which a decrease in friction performance on ice due to rubber processing is suppressed, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Numerous methods have been studied for blending various foreign powders with the rubber composition for tires to form micro unevenness on the surface, thereby removing a water film generated on the surface of ice and improving frictional force on ice. .
[0003]
For example, it has been proposed to mix thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles (thermally expandable microcapsules) with a rubber composition for a tire tread (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this method, the heat-expandable microcapsules blended in the rubber composition are expanded by heat in the vulcanizing step of the rubber composition to be hollow. However, when the thermally expandable microcapsules are mixed with the rubber composition, depending on the conditions, the structure of the thermally expandable microcapsules is crushed or broken by the shearing force of the mixer applied to the rubber composition, and the rubber composition is damaged. Even if the composition is vulcanized, the heat-expandable microcapsules do not expand, so that a desired rubber composition containing hollow particles may not be obtained.
[0004]
Further, it has been proposed to improve the friction performance on ice by blending expanded graphite as a foreign material powder with the rubber composition for tires (for example, see Patent Document 2). The expanded graphite contains a substance which is vaporized by heat between the layers of the graphite particles, and can be highly expanded by the vaporization of the interlayer substance due to heat or the like in the vulcanization step of the rubber composition to form a graphite expanded body. However, when this expanded graphite is mixed into the rubber composition, a part of the expanded graphite is broken at the time of mixing, so that the rubber composition cannot exhibit a desired friction performance on ice, and an acid component from the broken expanded graphite. And the acid component corrodes a processing machine such as a mixer or has a problem of adversely affecting other compounding agents. When the expanded graphite and the above-mentioned heat-expandable microcapsules are used in combination, the acid component erodes the shell material of the heat-expandable microcapsules and inhibits the expansion function of the heat-expandable microcapsules. As a result, there is a problem that the desired on-ice friction performance of the rubber composition for a tire cannot be obtained.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-35736 [Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-279020 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition for a tire in which a decrease in friction performance on ice due to rubber processing is suppressed, and a method for producing the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, based on 100 parts by weight of a diene rubber, 1 to 20 parts by weight of a heat-expandable microcapsule which expands by heat to become a gas-encapsulated thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C. There is provided a rubber composition for a tire, comprising 1 to 20 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin having a point of 50 to 90 ° C.
[0008]
Further, according to the present invention, based on 100 parts by weight of diene rubber, 1 to 20 parts by weight of expanded graphite, and a thermoplastic resin 1 to 10 having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C. and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C. The rubber composition for a tire containing 20 parts by weight is provided.
[0009]
Further, according to the present invention, based on 100 parts by weight of diene rubber, 1 to 20 parts by weight of thermally expandable microcapsules that expand by heat to become a gas-encapsulated thermoplastic resin, 1 to 20 parts by weight of expanded graphite, and The rubber composition for a tire includes 1 to 20 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C.
[0010]
According to the present invention, the foaming agent-containing resin further contains 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of a foaming agent-containing resin containing 5 to 65% by weight of a chemical foaming agent based on 100 parts by weight of the diene rubber. The diene rubber and a polyolefin resin that is not co-crosslinkable as a main component, and the rubber composition for a tire has a structure having microcapsule-shaped bubbles covered with a resin layer after vulcanization of the rubber. A rubber composition for a tire is provided.
[0011]
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided the rubber composition for a tire, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a terpene resin.
[0012]
According to the present invention, in the final mixing step of the unvulcanized rubber composition, 1 to 20 parts by weight of heat-expandable microcapsules which expand by heat and become a gas-encapsulated thermoplastic resin with respect to 100 parts by weight of the diene rubber. Parts and / or 1 to 20 parts by weight of expanded graphite and 1 to 20 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C. and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C. and mixing. A method of making a composition is provided.
[0013]
Further, according to the present invention, when the thermally expandable microcapsules and / or the expanded graphite and the thermoplastic resin are charged, they are not co-crosslinkable with a diene rubber further containing 5 to 65% by weight of a chemical foaming agent. 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of a foaming agent-containing resin containing a polyolefin resin as a main component is added and mixed, and the unvulcanized rubber composition is vulcanized to form a microcapsule coated with a resin layer in rubber. And a method for producing the rubber composition for a tire having a structure having bubbles.
[0014]
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided the rubber composition for a tire, wherein the average value of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the diene rubber is −55 ° C. or less, and a method for producing the same.
[0015]
As described above, by adding a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C. and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C. which is equal to or lower than the mixing temperature of rubber, together with the heat-expandable microcapsules and expanded graphite, The plastic resin melts during kneading of the rubber, and the melted resin component acts as a lubricant, and moderately reduces the shearing force that the thermally expandable microcapsules and expanded graphite receive from the mixer. This minimizes the breakage of most particles of the heat-expandable microcapsules and expanded graphite during the mixing process, and when the rubber composition is finally vulcanized, it expands and the performance on ice is reduced. It is possible to suppress the decrease in the on-ice friction performance of the rubber composition for a tire.
[0016]
This thermoplastic resin melts during kneading of rubber, and after kneading, after kneading, it is sufficiently dispersed and compatible with the rubber composition, so that no particular adverse effect occurs. On the other hand, the viscosity of other lubricants such as oil is too low, so that slippage occurs during mixing and dispersion is deteriorated. In addition, the expanded graphite is destroyed to generate an acid component, and this acid component is effectively prevented from corroding a processing machine such as a mixer or destroying a thermally expandable microcapsule used in combination.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C. and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C. of the present invention is mixed with 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the diene rubber. Is done. If the softening point is less than 50 ° C., the lubricating effect will be excessive during mixing of the unvulcanized rubber composition, causing slippage and poor mixing properties of the unvulcanized rubber composition, making it difficult for the rubber or rubber compounding agent to mix. On the contrary, if the temperature exceeds 90 ° C., it becomes difficult to melt during mixing of the unvulcanized rubber composition, so that the effect of the present invention is hardly exhibited. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, the effects of the present invention cannot be obtained. If the amount is too large, the mixing property and the abrasion resistance of the rubber composition deteriorate.
[0018]
Examples of the thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C. and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C. include, for example, terpene resins. The terpene resin is obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing a hydrocarbon represented by the composition of (C 5 H 8 ) n and a terpene which is an oxygen-containing derivative thereof by adding a catalyst. Specific examples of the terpenes include pinene, kalen, myrcene, ocimene, limonene, terpyrenone, terpinene, sabinene, tricyclene, bisabolene, zingiberene, santalen, camphorene, millen, and totalen.
[0019]
The heat-expandable microcapsule of the present invention is a heat-expandable microcapsule which expands by heat to become a gas-encapsulated thermoplastic resin, and is 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 100 parts by weight of diene rubber. Use 10 to 10 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 1 part by weight, the desired effects of the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the amount is more than 20 parts by weight, the abrasion resistance of the rubber composition is unpreferably reduced.
[0020]
The particle diameter of the heat-expandable microcapsules before expansion is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 300 μm before expansion, and more preferably 10 to 200 μm.
[0021]
The heat-expandable microcapsules are heat-expandable thermoplastic resin particles in which a liquid that evaporates by heat to generate a gas is contained in a thermoplastic resin, and the particles are heated at a temperature equal to or higher than the expansion start temperature, usually 130 to 190 ° C. Is heated at the temperature described above and expanded to form gas-encapsulated thermoplastic resin particles in which gas is enclosed in an outer shell made of the thermoplastic resin.
[0022]
Such a heat-expandable microcapsule is, for example, currently available under the trade name "EXPANCEL 091DU-80" or "EXPANCEL 092DU-120" from EXPANCEL of Sweden, or under the trade name "Matsumoto Yushi Co., Ltd." It is available as "Matsumoto Microsphere F-85" or "Matsumoto Microsphere F-100".
[0023]
The thermoplastic resin constituting the outer shell component of the gas-filled thermoplastic resin particles has an expansion start temperature of 100 ° C or higher, preferably 120 ° C or higher, and a maximum expansion temperature of 150 ° C or higher, preferably 160 ° C or higher. Is preferably used. As such a thermoplastic resin, for example, a polymer of (meth) acrylonitrile or a copolymer having a high content of (meth) acrylonitrile is suitably used. As other monomers (comonomer) in the case of the copolymer, monomers such as vinyl halide, vinylidene halide, styrene-based monomer, (meth) acrylate-based monomer, vinyl acetate, butadiene, vinylpyridine, and chloroprene are used. . In addition, the said thermoplastic resin is divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, It may be made crosslinkable with a crosslinking agent such as allyl (meth) acrylate, triacrylformal, triallyl isocyanurate and the like. The crosslinked form is preferably not crosslinked, but may be partially crosslinked so as not to impair the properties as a thermoplastic resin.
[0024]
Examples of the liquid that evaporates by the heat to generate a gas include, for example, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, butane, isobutane, hexane, hydrocarbons such as petroleum ether, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, dichloroethylene, trichloroethane, And liquids such as chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene.
[0025]
The expanded graphite of the present invention is blended in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the diene rubber, and can be used in combination with the above-mentioned thermally expandable microcapsules. If the amount is too small, the desired effect cannot be obtained, which is not preferable.On the contrary, if the amount is too large, the contact area at the micro level between the rubber surface and the icy road surface decreases, and the frictional force on ice decreases, which is not preferable. . On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the wear resistance and mechanical strength of the rubber composition are undesirably reduced.
[0026]
Expandable graphite is a powdery substance having a particle size of 30 to 600 μm, preferably 100 to 350 μm, which contains a substance that evaporates by heat between layers of graphite particles, and expands by heat during vulcanization to expand the graphite. (Expanded Graphite) is preferable.
[0027]
Expanded graphite has a structure in which sheets formed from carbon atoms are stacked in layers, and is obtained by performing an acid treatment (intercalation treatment) together with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or the like. This expanded graphite can be expanded to a high degree by the vaporization of the interlayer material by heating, for example, to obtain a graphite expanded body (or expanded graphite). Before the inflation treatment, the material is hard so that quality deterioration due to mixing hardly occurs, and since the material expands irreversibly at a constant temperature, foreign matter accompanying a space inside the rubber matrix can be easily formed by vulcanization of the tire. . The surface of the tread portion of the tire using such rubber is appropriately formed at the time of abrasion, and works to improve the frictional force on ice by efficiently removing a water film on the contact surface between the ice and the tire.
[0028]
Expanded graphite is a known material, and is manufactured by a known manufacturing method. Generally, graphite particles are immersed in a mixture of a strong acid substance and an oxidizing agent, and an acid is inserted between layers of the graphite particles by an intercalation treatment. For example, concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a strong acid substance, and nitric acid is used as an oxidizing agent, whereby expanded graphite having sulfuric acid inserted between layers of particles is obtained. The expanded graphite expands between layers due to volatilization of the interlayer compound by heat treatment, and expands. Expanded graphite in which sulfuric acid is used as an interlayer material expands normally by heat treatment at 300 ° C. or higher, but the expansion start temperature is set to 300 ° C. by modifying the interlayer material or using or using other low-boiling acid compounds (for example, nitric acid). The following expanded graphite is manufactured and marketed. The processing temperature of the rubber composition containing a diene rubber as a main component in the present invention is 200 ° C. or less, and in the present invention, a predetermined effect is exhibited by using expanded graphite whose expansion start temperature is 190 ° C. or less. You.
[0029]
As such expanded graphite having an expansion start temperature of 190 ° C. or lower, for example, “Graph Guard 160-50” or “Graph Guard 160-80” manufactured by UCAR Graphtech, Inc. of the United States is commercially available from Tomoe Kogyo. It is possible.
[0030]
Expanded graphite is termed an unexpanded product (Expandable) immediately after acid treatment, but it may also refer to an expanded product after heat treatment (Expanded). The expanded graphite compounded as the rubber composition in the present invention is an unexpanded product before heat treatment.
[0031]
In the present invention, the expanded graphite is not expanded in the kneading step and the extrusion molding step of the rubber composition, but is preferably expanded in the vulcanization step. The expansion start temperature is preferably 120 to 190 ° C, more preferably 140 to 190 ° C. 170 ° C. is used. If the expansion start temperature is lower than 120 ° C., the expanded graphite expands during kneading or extrusion, and the rubber specific gravity changes in the course of the process, whereby the processability may be impaired. When the expansion start temperature exceeds 190 ° C., the processing temperature in the vulcanization step must be set to 190 ° C. or more, and the thermal deterioration of the diene rubber molecule, which is the main component of the rubber composition, becomes significant. There is a tendency.
[0032]
On the other hand, expanded graphite has a good affinity with the rubber matrix and carbon black because it has a skeleton structure composed of carbon atoms, and the wear resistance of the vulcanized rubber is less reduced even when added to the rubber. There are advantages.
[0033]
Further, the rubber composition for a tire according to the present invention further comprises a diene-based resin in addition to the thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C. and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C., heat-expandable microcapsules and expanded graphite. Adding 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 8 parts by weight, of a foaming agent-containing resin containing a chemical foaming agent to 100 parts by weight of rubber further improves the friction performance on ice of the rubber composition for tires. This is preferable. If the amount is too small, the effect of forming voids becomes insufficient and the effect of addition becomes small. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the shape stability of the vulcanized rubber is impaired, and the wear resistance of the rubber is remarkably impaired.
[0034]
By blending this foaming agent-containing resin, microcapsule-shaped resin-coated bubbles are formed inside the rubber without greatly reducing the hardness of the rubber after vulcanization, and the surface irregularities appearing on the rubber surface after abrasion The frictional force between rubber and ice can be greatly improved by simultaneously removing the micro water film between rubber and ice and scratching the ice surface by the resin component exposed on the surface together with the bubbles. Since a foaming agent coated in advance with a polyolefin resin is blended, the processing temperature can be selected regardless of the softening point of the resin as long as it is lower than the decomposition temperature of the foaming agent. It is formed. In addition, since the polyolefin resin has no co-crosslinking property with the diene rubber, the resin layer does not unnecessarily diffuse into the rubber phase during high-temperature processing or vulcanization, and the rubber phase and the resin portion are clearly separated. It is characterized in that resin-coated bubbles in the form of microcapsules are obtained. In addition, gas bubbles with improved airtightness due to resin coating are less likely to escape from the mold contact surface during vulcanization, and as a result, the vulcanized rubber has microcapsule-like bubbles dispersed more uniformly from the surface layer to the center. It becomes the property that it did. Ice and snow road tires using such a rubber composition are characterized by being able to exhibit a high frictional force on ice from the beginning of use.
[0035]
In the present invention, the resin component constituting the foaming agent-containing resin must have no co-crosslinking property with the diene rubber, and specifically, a resin containing a polyolefin resin as a main component is used. Here, the main component means that the polyolefin resin is 75% by weight or more, preferably 85% by weight or more of the total resin component, and other components include, for example, unreacted residue of olefin monomer, polymerization initiation Residues such as agents and catalysts, processing aids, and polymeric resins other than polyolefin-based resins. The resin component preferably has no double bond remaining in the main chain of the molecule in order to prevent co-crosslinking with the diene rubber. As the polyolefin-based resin, at least one selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polybutylene-1, and the like can be used, and a mixture or a copolymer thereof can also be used. .
[0036]
The content of the chemical blowing agent in the blowing agent-containing resin of the present invention is 5 to 65% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight. If the amount is too small, the effect of forming voids may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the thickness of the formed shell may be small, and the scratching effect as microcapsules may be insufficient.
[0037]
The decomposition temperature of the chemical foaming agent of the present invention is preferably from 120 to 180 ° C, more preferably from 140 to 160 ° C. If the temperature is too low, it is not possible to form a sufficiently large resin-coated cell during mixing and extrusion. If the decomposition temperature is too high, the decomposition temperature can be adjusted to 120 to 180 ° C. by using together with a foaming aid such as urea. The foaming aid is available, for example, as "Cell Paste" of Eiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
[0038]
As the chemical foaming agent component used in the present invention, at least one selected from azo compounds, nitroso compounds, hydrazine derivatives, azo compounds, and bicarbonates can be used. Specifically, azodicarbonamide (ADCA) , N, N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DPT), 4,4'-oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide (OBSH), hydrazodicarbonamide (HDCA), barium azocycarboxylate (Ba / AC), hydrogen carbonate Sodium (NaHCO 3 ) and the like. These are “Vinyl Hole” (ADCA), “Cellular” (DPT), “Neoservon” (OBSH), “Exceler” (DPT / ADCA), and “Spuncell” manufactured by Eiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. "(ADCA / OBSH)," cervonic "(NaHCO 3) or the like is commercially available To have.
[0039]
The particle diameter of the foaming agent-containing resin is preferably from 10 to 200 μm. If it is smaller than this, it is not possible to form a sufficiently large unevenness on the rubber surface, and if it is too large, the mechanical strength of the rubber is significantly reduced. Such a foaming agent-containing resin is commercially available, for example, as "Cell Powder" from Eiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Although the microcapsule-like bubbles formed in the vulcanized rubber composition are spherical, the shape of the foaming agent-containing resin at the raw material stage need not be spherical.
[0040]
The heat-expandable microcapsule of the present invention, the expanded graphite, a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C, and a foaming agent-containing resin to an unvulcanized rubber composition. It is preferred that dosing and mixing be performed as a final mixing step, and no further mixing be performed in order to minimize breakage of the thermally expandable microcapsules and expanded graphite. At this time, a vulcanizing compound such as a vulcanizing agent and a vulcanization accelerator or a rubber compounding agent other than the vulcanizing compound may be simultaneously added. The mixer used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can produce a rubber composition, and examples thereof include a roll mill, a Banbury mixer, a kneader, and a Brabender mixer.
[0041]
The diene rubber used in the present invention is any diene rubber conventionally used for tires, for example, natural rubber (NR), polyisoprene rubber (IR), various styrene-butadiene copolymer rubbers (SBR). And various polybutadiene rubbers (BR), acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubbers, and the like, and these can be used alone or as an arbitrary blend.
[0042]
Further, the average value of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the diene rubber of the present invention is preferably −55 ° C. or less, and more preferably −90 to −60 ° C. (that is, used for winter tires).
[0043]
The rubber composition of the present invention may contain, as a rubber reinforcing agent, any carbon black usually added to the rubber composition. Carbon black surface-treated with silica can also be used. Silica can also be used. Carbon black is used in an amount of 20 to 80 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component. If the amount is too small, the rubber cannot be satisfactorily reinforced. For example, the friction resistance is deteriorated, which is not preferable. On the contrary, if the amount is too large, the hardness becomes too high and the workability is deteriorated. The sedimentable or dry silica is preferably used in an amount of 0 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 0 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component. Silica may not be used, and if used, it is preferable to use a compounding amount in a range where the viscoelastic properties of the vulcanized rubber such as tan δ are improved. It is not preferable because the cohesive force of the agent becomes strong and dispersion during kneading becomes insufficient.
[0044]
The carbon black used in the present invention preferably has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA) of 70 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 80 to 200 m 2 / g, and a dibutyl phthalate (DBP) oil absorption of preferably 95 ml. / 100 g or more, more preferably 105 to 140 ml / 100 g.
[0045]
The rubber composition for a tire of the present invention further includes a general vulcanization or crosslinking agent, a vulcanization or crosslinking accelerator, various oils, an antioxidant, a filler, a plasticizer, and other general rubbers. Various additives that have been blended can be blended, and the blending amounts of these additives can be conventional general blending amounts, as long as the object of the present invention is not violated.
[0046]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3
According to the composition (parts by weight) shown in Tables 1 and 2, a compounding agent such as rubber and carbon black was mixed for 5 minutes using a 1.7-liter closed Banbury mixer, and the rubber composition was discharged outside the mixing machine. After cooling at room temperature, the mixture was charged and mixed with the vulcanization accelerator, sulfur, terpene resin (thermoplastic resin), thermally expandable microcapsules, expanded graphite, and resin containing a foaming agent in the same Banbury mixer. Each of the obtained unvulcanized rubber compositions was subjected to the following tests, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. In addition, about the Example, the average value of Tg of the diene rubber was -55 degreeC or less.
[0047]
Expansion rate of vulcanized rubber The unvulcanized rubber composition is vulcanized at 170 ° C. for 15 minutes in a cylindrical mold having a diameter of 3 cm and a height of 1.5 cm, and is sufficiently cooled in water after vulcanization. The center of the rubber was cut out, the specific gravity was measured, and the coefficient of expansion of the vulcanized rubber was calculated as the rate of decrease in the specific gravity of the vulcanized rubber relative to the calculated specific gravity. Displayed. The larger this value is, the larger the expansion rate is.
[0048]
pH
In 300 g of water, 50 g of the unvulcanized rubber composition or the vulcanized rubber composition was boiled for 1 hour, and the pH of the water after cooling was measured.
Friction force on ice The unvulcanized rubber composition was press-vulcanized at 160 ° C. for 20 minutes in a mold of 15 × 15 × 0.2 cm to prepare a test piece (rubber sheet), and the test piece was flattened. Measure the friction coefficient on ice with an inside drum type on-friction tester under the conditions of a measurement temperature of -3.0 ° C and -1.5 ° C, a load of 0.54MPa, and a drum rotation speed of 25km / h. The results are indicated by an index when Comparative Example 1 or Comparative Example 2 is set to 100. The larger the value, the better the friction performance on ice.
[0049]
[Table 1]
[0050]
[Table 2]
[0051]
The components used in Tables 1 and 2 above were as follows.
Natural rubber: RSS # 3, ribbed smoked sheet No. 3 polybutadiene rubber: NIPOL 1220, manufactured by Zeon Corporation, glass transition temperature = −101 ° C.
Carbon black: SHOBLACK N220, manufactured by Showa Cabot Co., Ltd., N 2 SA = 111 m 2 / g, DBP oil absorption = 111 ml / 100 g
Anti-aging agent: SANTOFLEX 6PPD, zinc flower manufactured by Flexis Co., Ltd .: three types of zinc oxide, stearic acid manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd .: aroma oil manufactured by NOF Corporation: vulcanization accelerator manufactured by Fujikosan Co., Ltd .: SANTOCURE NS, Flexis Sulfur: Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd. Thermal expandable microcapsules: Microsphere F100D, expansion start temperature = 160 ° C., Matsumoto Yushi's expanded graphite: Graph Guard 160-80N, expansion start temperature = 160 ° C. Tomoe Industries Co., Ltd.
Blowing agent-containing resin: Cell powder F50, resin containing a chemical foaming agent (OBSH 40 to 50% by weight), terpene resin manufactured by Eiwa Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: TO-085, manufactured by Yashara Chemical Company, glass transition temperature = 25 ° C., softening point = 85 ° C
[0052]
As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the rubber composition for a tire of Comparative Example not containing the terpene resin, which is the thermoplastic resin of the present invention, was broken during the mixing of the heat-expandable microcapsules and the expanded graphite. Thus, the coefficient of expansion of the vulcanized rubber became relatively small, and no sufficient effect of improving the friction performance on ice was recognized. Also, in Table 2, when the expanded graphite is destroyed, an acid component is generated and the thermally expandable microcapsules are destroyed. At this time, it can be seen that the rubber composition is more acidic. Examples 2-3). On the other hand, the rubber composition for tires of the examples in which the terpene resin is compounded, the breakage during the mixing of the heat-expandable microcapsules and the expanded graphite is suppressed, the expansion rate of the vulcanized rubber is increased, and the friction on ice is excellent. The performance improvement effect was obtained.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a rubber composition for a tire is mixed with 1 to 20 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 10 to 60 ° C and a softening point of 50 to 90 ° C in addition to the heat-expandable microcapsules and expanded graphite. By doing so, it is possible to obtain a rubber composition for a tire in which a decrease in friction performance on ice due to rubber processing is suppressed, and a method for producing the same.
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JP2006056977A (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-02 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | Rubber composition for tire |
JP2006299031A (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-11-02 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | Rubber composition for tire |
JP2008273436A (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2008-11-13 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | Pneumatic tire |
JP2011016905A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-27 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Rubber composition and tire |
WO2012163998A1 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Vehicle tire having a tread comprising a heat-expandable rubber composition |
WO2013013985A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-31 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Vehicle tire, the tread of which comprises a heat-expandable rubber composition |
US8557937B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-10-15 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Rubber composition, method for its formation, and automotive tire containing the composition |
WO2013189912A1 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Thermally expandable rubber composition and vehicle tyre the tread of which contains such a composition |
WO2014067826A1 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-08 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Tyre for a vehicle, having a tread comprising a heat-expandable rubber composition |
WO2014082964A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2014-06-05 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Vehicle tiye, the tread of which comprises a heat-expandable rubber composition |
US8978721B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2015-03-17 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Tyre, the inner wall of which is provided with a heat-expandable rubber layer |
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WO2016175338A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | A heat-expandable rubber composition |
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JP2006056977A (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-02 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | Rubber composition for tire |
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JP2008273436A (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2008-11-13 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | Pneumatic tire |
JP2011016905A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-27 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Rubber composition and tire |
US8978721B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2015-03-17 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Tyre, the inner wall of which is provided with a heat-expandable rubber layer |
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US9505897B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2016-11-29 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Tyre, the tread of which comprises a heat-expandable rubber composition reducing noise during travel |
WO2013013985A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-31 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Vehicle tire, the tread of which comprises a heat-expandable rubber composition |
US8557937B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-10-15 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Rubber composition, method for its formation, and automotive tire containing the composition |
US8674004B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2014-03-18 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Rubber composition, method for its formation, and automotive tire containing the composition |
US8921462B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2014-12-30 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Rubber composition, method for its formation, and automotive tire containing the composition |
WO2013189912A1 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Thermally expandable rubber composition and vehicle tyre the tread of which contains such a composition |
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