JP2002531165A - Internal mechanism for moving slidable electrodes - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Summary Resection is performed to facilitate the formation (creation) of linear trauma and the required continuity is maintained. A further object is to provide a medical device that does not require a surgical operation to physically pull the catheter shaft to create a linear trauma. A medical device including a movable electrode movably held on the device, the electrode moving mechanism being held within the device, extending through an elongated groove along an axial direction of the device body, and The medical device according to the present invention can be used for treatment, diagnosis, or other medical treatment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to medical devices used for performing diagnostics, mapping, ablation, and other uses, and in particular, for movement that is movably retained on the device and movable relative to the device. The present invention relates to a medical device provided with electrodes.

[0002]

[Prior art]

Cardiac arrhythmias, known as heartbeat abnormalities or racing hearts, are due to various physical abnormalities within the heart itself. One such abnormality is the heterogeneous filament of muscle fibers in the heart that produces abnormal short-circuits due to electrical stimulation traveling through the heart tissue. This ancillary circuit often produces electrical stimulation that travels from the upper chamber to the lower chamber in the heart, fed back from the upper chamber. This electrical stimulation causes an abnormal heartbeat in the heart, thereby resulting in an ineffective blood pump.

[0003] Another common type of cardiac arrhythmia is ventricular tachycardia (VT), which may be from cardiac invasiveness or from a temporary reduction in blood supply to the myocardial region. good. VT is caused by trauma close to the inner surface of the heart chamber, typically on the order of one to two millimeters. Trauma is often considered as an "active site" because it does not excite sequentially with myocardial arrest. VT affects new functions and causes changes in the normal rhythmic contraction of the heart.

[0004] Methods without surgical procedures, such as drug delivery, are preferred as prescriptions for cardiac arrhythmias.
However, some arrhythmias cannot be treated with drug delivery. For example, drug treatment for VT has a typical patient success rate of only 30-50%. Due to this low success rate, surgical methods are performed as another conventional treatment.
In accordance with these surgical methods, various incisions are made in the heart to block transmission pathways, and effectively separate multiple regions of the atrium by multiple short waves that are repeatedly entered to eliminate arrhythmias. Also, an automatically insertable cardioberter / defibrillator (AICD) is surgically inserted into a patient, as described by Sharpland et al. In US Pat. No. 4,817,608. These surgical methods are associated with increased morbidity and mortality while the treatment is being performed, and are enormously expensive. The use of an AICD also requires a large amount of surgical intervention. In addition, elderly or sick patients often cannot tolerate such surgical treatments.

[0005] A variety of minimally penetrating techniques have been developed which are required to locate cardiac tissues involved in cardiac arrhythmias and disable short-circuit structures in these tissues. It is also a thing. According to these techniques, an electrical energy bombardment is applied to the site of the heart tissue to ablate the tissue, causing a wound that blocks the reoccurring transmission pathway. The area to be resected is usually first determined (diagnosed) by an internal heart mapping technique. Mapping involves introducing the diagnostic catheter into the patient through the skin of a diagnostic catheter having one or more electrodes, and via a blood vessel (eg, a femoral artery or aorta) to the interior of the heart (eg, the atria of the heart). , Ventricle) and stimulating the tachycardia rate to enable continuous, simultaneous recording using a multi-channel recorder at several different intracardiac sites. The lesion of the heart rate is represented by fluoroscopic imaging means so that when the electrocardiogram record is located, the cardiac arrhythmia is resected at the location. An ablation catheter having one or more electrodes can then supply electrical energy to the tissue that the electrodes contact to create trauma to the tissue. One or more in-place trauma creates a necrotic tissue area to eliminate the dysfunction caused by tachycardia lesions.

As a general catheter ablation technique, a catheter having a single electrode attached to the tip of the catheter as one electrode has been used. The other electrodes in this case are generally provided by a backplate that contacts the majority of the patient's body part forming a capacitive coupling of the ablation energy source (DC, laser, RF, etc.). As another ablation catheter, a catheter having multiple electrodes is known.

[0007] Ablation is performed by supplying energy to the catheter electrode when the electrode contacts heart tissue. The energy can be, for example, RF, DC, ultrasound, microwave, or laser radiation. When RF energy is supplied between the distal tip of the reference electrode catheter and the backplate, a local RF heating effect occurs. This is slightly larger than the tip electrode (eg, "
Damage area "), creating a well-defined discontinuous lesion and increasing the temperature of the contacting tissue as the electrode is raised.

[0008] To cure cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, it is often necessary to create a long, continuous trauma (eg, a linear trauma). One conventional method of ablation to create these linear traumas refers to the "dragging" method, in which an ablation catheter having one or more electrodes is inserted into a patient's vasculature. To the desired position of the patient's heart. One or more electrodes are manipulated to abut heart tissue. Ablation energy is then applied to the electrodes, causing them to heat and injure the abutting tissue to produce a typical trauma slightly greater than the surface area of the electrode in contact with the tissue (the damaged area of the electrode). After the electrodes have excised the abutting tissue, the clinician moves the catheter in the desired amount in a procedural manner so that the electrodes are aligned and in contact with different tissues by pulling the catheter shaft, after which the ablation energy is restored. Electrodes are applied for tissue ablation. By repeating this procedure, clinicians seek to create a continuous, linear trauma to block the abnormal pathway.

[0009] However, this method of catheter shaft draining has a number of disadvantages. For example, once a catheter shaft having an ablation electrode abuts against a desired tissue, there is a risk that the catheter shaft will not be able to come into contact with the tissue, so that movement of the catheter shaft is not preferable.

Other attempts have been made to solve such problems by using a relatively long ring-shaped electrode held on the catheter shaft. Elongated electrodes can create long lesions without having to move the electrode (and catheter shaft). However, elongate electrodes also have significant disadvantages, in part because the elongate electrodes hinder the flexibility of the catheter, and such catheters cannot accurately achieve the desired curvature due to the linear effects of the electrodes. .

[0011]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Therefore, excision (abla) that facilitates the formation (creation) of linear lesions
It is desired that the device has the required continuity to perform the stion.
In addition, it is a device that does not require a surgical operation to physically pull the catheter shaft to create a linear lesion. The present invention fulfills these needs.

[0012]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

Thus, a feature of the present invention is that the electrodes are slidably disposed on a tubular member such as a catheter shaft. The electrode moving mechanism extends through the inside of the catheter shaft, and is connected to the electrode by passing through a longitudinally long groove formed in the side wall of the catheter. This mechanism can be moved relative to the catheter shaft. Thus, the catheter is operated in contact with the tissue of the patient's heart, and the mechanism operates by moving the electrodes longitudinally relative to the catheter shaft and the heart tissue. The electrodes may be used to create linear trauma, and may be used as mapping and other diagnostic devices, and the mobility of the electrodes requires no movement of the shaft itself, the catheter It allows the clinician to functionally fit all or somewhere between the movable and fixed electrodes held on the shaft.

The present invention is shown with one slidable electrode. The invention may include a plurality of slidable electrodes, which may be operated by one or more electrode moving mechanisms.

In one embodiment, the present invention is shown as a medical device, wherein the medical device is an elongated tubular shaft having a longitudinal groove along a longitudinal direction, and is movably held on the shaft over the longitudinal groove. Electrode, connected to the electrode, extending through the shaft and the long groove,
An electrode moving mechanism for moving the electrode with respect to the shaft.

In another embodiment, the present invention is shown as a catheter for performing a medical procedure, wherein the catheter is an elongated tubular shaft having a longitudinal groove formed in place and having a reduced length therein. And one or more lumens, wherein a long groove extends through the lumen and is aligned with at least a portion of the long groove and movably held on the shaft, and connected to the electrode. An electrode moving mechanism extending through the lumen and the long groove, and the electrode moving mechanism moves the electrode with respect to the shaft.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The objects, aspects, and advantages described in the above summary of the present invention will be more clearly understood with reference to the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiments below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a medical device used in the embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a moving electrode provided in the medical device shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from a side. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view as seen from the direction of the arrow along line 3-3 shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view as seen from the direction of arrows along line 4-4 shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a medical device used in another embodiment according to the present invention.

The accompanying drawings, and particularly FIG. 1, show a medical device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the medical device 10 has a movable electrode 12,
The electrode 12 is slidably held on an elongated catheter shaft 14 of the device 10 so that it can be selectively moved along the shaft 14 in a distal or proximal direction relative to the catheter shaft 14. The electrode moving mechanism, shown at 16, is typically connected to the moving electrode 12 and is operated to move the electrode with respect to the catheter shaft 14, ie, with respect to the device 10. For example, in a resection procedure,
The electrode 12 is manipulated through the patient's vasculature until it is in the desired location, for example, until it contacts an “active site” in the heart. Ablation energy is supplied to the electrode to destroy the abutting tissue. The clinician operates the electrode moving mechanism 16 to move the electrode 12 a desired distance relative to the shaft 14 and again ablation energy is provided to the electrode to ablate tissue. The method is repeated one or more times to form a continuous, linear lesion.

As shown in FIG. 1, the medical device 10 according to one embodiment is in the form of a catheter, for example, an ablation catheter, a mapping catheter, or another diagnostic catheter. It goes without saying that the medical device 10 according to the present invention takes various forms, similarly to the medical device having an insertion site to be inserted into a living body of a patient. In the present embodiment, the catheter includes a catheter shaft 14, which is preferably a generally flexible shaft that can be steered through the patient's blood vessels to a target area within the patient. The interior of the catheter shaft defines at least one internal lumen 22 (FIG. 3) sized to slidably receive a portion of the electrode movement mechanism 16. In a preferred embodiment, the catheter shaft defines a plurality of inner lumens 22 to allow the passage of various elements, as will be described in more detail below.

In one embodiment, the catheter has a control handle 24 (FIG. 1) for operating the electrode moving mechanism 16. The catheter handle can take a variety of forms. One suitable form of control handle is shown in FIG. 1 and is disclosed in detail in US Pat. No. 5,462,527 to Stevens Wright, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Incorporated and fully described herein. Briefly, the control handle has a slide actuator 26 that moves longitudinally along the control handle in a slot (not shown) formed in the control handle. Both ends of the long groove form stoppers that limit the amount of movement of the slide actuator. The slide actuator is connected to the electrode moving mechanism 16 and, therefore, when the slide actuator is operated, the electrode moving mechanism operates, and as a result, the electrode 12 moves as described later. Another suitable form of control handle is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,611,777 to Bowden et al., An example of which is shown in FIG. 5, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

As is known in the art and described below, the control handle 24
Are connected to a plurality of connectors 23 which transmit a suitable power supply (not shown) for supplying ablation energy to the slide electrode 12 and a sensing signal formed by the electrodes of the catheter. It is connected to a diagnostic instrument (not shown).

Also, the medical device 10 of the present invention is preferably a steerable (steerable) catheter, and the control handle preferably comprises a rotatable thumb wheel 25, such a thumb wheel. 25 are known in the art and
SP 5,462,527, the disclosure of which is rotatably mounted on the control handle 24 and rotated by the user to incorporate the distal end of the catheter, as hereby incorporated by reference. The part can be deflected.

As is known in the art, the thumb wheel extends through one or more lumens 22 of the catheter shaft 14 and has an off-axis locat
ion) is engaged with one or more pull wires 29 (FIG. 4) connected to the distal end of the catheter. Thereby, the tip of the catheter is bent in a desired direction or directions by the tension acting on the pulling wire or wires. The thumb wheel may be jagged along its outer circumference. That is, in order to facilitate the operation of the thumb wheel by the user's finger, a plurality of ribs 35 rising upward may be formed on the thumb wheel.

In one embodiment, the electrode moving mechanism 16 includes a relatively hard mandrel-shaped moving member 3.
It may have 0. The moving member 30 has a proximal end firmly connected to the slide actuator 26 inside the control handle 24. Mandrel
May be in the form of a shaft, a hard wire, a hypotube, or the like.
2 may extend through one of the two and then extend transversely to the catheter shaft to engage the inner surface of the slidable electrode 12.

The catheter shaft 14 preferably has a long groove 32 formed at a predetermined position on the catheter shaft. The long groove forms one of the plurality of lumens 22 so as to form an opening from one lumen toward the outer surface of the catheter shaft 14.
Extending into one. A portion of the mandrel 30 extends through the slot 32 and engages the inner surface of the slidable electrode 12 (FIG. 3). The slots may be formed with different dimensions so that the electrodes can be controlled for movement at different distances along the catheter shaft 14. The long groove 12 is preferably about 1 cm to about 8 cm,
Of course, it may have any suitable length depending on the dimensions of the control handle 24.
Further, a long groove may be formed so as to restrict the invasion of blood into the lumen 22 for receiving the mandrel 30. In particular, as shown in FIG. 4, the long groove 32 may be formed in a substantially V-shaped cross section so that the opening between the long groove and the lumen is minimized.

In one embodiment, the mandrel 30 includes an elongated proximal end 34 disposed within the control handle 24, a tapered cylindrical distal end 36 extending through the catheter shaft 14, and a distal end through the catheter shaft 14. It has a transition 38 extending outwardly and laterally to the side, and a contact 40 sized to be slidably received in the elongated groove 32 and connected to the inner surface of the moving electrode 12. The angled transition 38 extends into the slot 32 and the contact 40 moves longitudinally within the slot. The distal end 36 is formed with a smaller cross-sectional diameter than the proximal end 34 in order to maintain the flexibility of the tip (catheter distal end), and has a positive action to prevent excessive movement of the electrodes. It is desirable to act as a means.

The mandrel 30 is formed of a conductive material so as to not only move the moving electrode 12 but also supply power to the ablation electrode and receive power from the sensor electrode. Is also good. Alternatively, the mandrel may have an internal passage through which one or more wires extend toward the electrode 12. In each case, it is desirable that the mandrel be surrounded by a protective sheath treated with a blood compatible coating.

The mandrel 30 may be formed with a relatively high column strength so that the electrode 12 can be selectively moved to the distal side and the proximal side. That is, when the mandrel is pushed in the distal direction by the movement of the actuator 26, the mandrel is:
The electrode 12 is reliably advanced along the catheter shaft 14 without bending (curving). It is also desirable to provide a lumen 22 sized to receive the mandrel 30 in relatively close contact and allow relative movement of the mandrel to resist flexing (curving). In this case, the wall of the lumen helps to prevent bending of the mandrel.

The slidable electrode 12 may be a ring electrode having an appropriate inner diameter because it is normally slidably mounted on the catheter shaft 14. In one embodiment, the catheter shaft has a small diameter section (Necked down se
gment). The electrode may have a predetermined outer diameter so as to be flush with the outer surface of the large diameter portion of the catheter shaft. Alternatively, the electrodes 12 are formed to have an outer diameter that is greater than the outer diameter of the catheter shaft 14, thereby providing a high-profile electrode that projects outwardly from the catheter shaft 14 and easily contacts tissue. You may. In such an embodiment, the electrode 12 has sufficient thickness that its outer contact surface can protrude outwardly from the catheter shaft 14. As a result, even where the tissue has an irregular surface, the contact surfaces of the electrodes generally contact the patient's tissue before the catheter shaft 14 contacts the target tissue.

Although the slidable electrode 12 described here is a ring electrode, it will be appreciated that the electrode can take many different shapes. For example, the electrode is a mandrel 3
It may be in the form of a strip electrode that is connected to zero and is aligned with the long groove 32. As used herein, a "ring electrode" refers to a catheter shaft 1
4 is defined as an electrode having a cylindrical inner surface slidably extending across a tubular shaft. The outer surface of the ring electrode can take any suitable shape, depending on the particular use of the electrode.

In some embodiments, the medical device 10 may have a tip electrode 50 (tip electrode) at the distal end of the catheter, and may follow the catheter shaft as in conventional configurations. It may have one or more separate electrodes 52 spaced apart from each other. The electrodes may be used to perform monopolar and bipolar ablation using a slide electrode, mapping, and other processes well known to those skilled in the art. In general, the electrode 52 can be used for sensing in a monopolar or bipolar configuration, while the tip electrode 50 can be used after the slidable electrode 12 has been used to create a linear lesion. , Follow-up burns
Can be used to fill any gaps. However, other uses of the various electrodes are possible, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Each of the added electrodes is mounted on the catheter shaft 14 and connected to a respective conductive wire 54 that extends through one of the lumens 22 of the catheter. Also, each electrode intended to be used as an ablation electrode has a temperature sensor (not shown) that allows the clinician to monitor the temperature of the electrode so that the tissue is not exposed to excessive temperatures and charring or coagulating. ) May be connected. The temperature sensor may be a thermocouple, a thermistor, a resistive thermal device (RTD), or the like. Each temperature sensor has a lumen 22
A corresponding conductive line (not shown) extending through one of the above and to a signal processor (not shown) that processes the electrical signal formed by each temperature sensor
May be provided.

Placing the mandrel 30 inside the medical device 10 has many benefits. First, the mandrel is kept out of contact with the patient's tissue. That is, as the slidable electrode 12 is moved relative to the patient's tissue, the mandrel does not rub the patient's tissue and therefore does not harm the tissue. In addition, a hard mandrel can be used without increasing the diameter of the entire device.

During surgery, the target tissue may be determined by positioning the distal end of the medical device 10 within the heart and detecting electrical signals using one or more of the electrodes 12,50,52. . In this case, the electrical signal is transmitted to an appropriate diagnostic device via the connector 23. Alternatively, the target tissue may be determined using another catheter having a diagnostic function. Once the location of the tissue of interest has been determined, one or more electrodes are moved to the appropriate location, and a power source is connected to one of the connectors 23, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. One or more electrodes 12, 50, 52 are energized in either voltage / power or temperature mode. At the same time, the electrodes can be energized continuously or according to some other pattern. For example, the slidable electrode 12 is energized and moved with respect to the shaft 14 to form a linear lesion, and the tip electrode 50 is connected to the tip electrode 50 as is well known to those skilled in the art. Energized, any necessary follow-up burns are performed. Generally, high frequency energy in the range of about 250 Khz to 500 Khz is applied to the electrodes 12, 50, 52 to ablate the patient's tissue. Energy flows from each electrode 12, 50, 52 through the tissue to one of the other electrodes (in bipolar mode) or a backplate connected to the ground potential of the power supply to form a circuit. (Not shown). The flow of current into the tissue through the circuit generates heat, which results in the destruction of the tissue near the electrodes 12,50,52. When this is done completely, the arrhythmia is permanently resolved and the patient's illness is cured.

In order to cure arrhythmias, often long and continuous lesions must be formed. The medical device 10 of the present invention is configured to easily form a continuous trauma. The clinician need only operate the medical device 10 until the moving electrode 12 is in contact with the patient's tissue and is positioned at one end of the arrhythmia. Ablation energy, eg, RF energy, is then provided to the electrodes, and the electrodes 12 are left in place for a time sufficient to ablate adjacent tissue. The clinician then operates the electrode moving mechanism 16 to move the electrodes by a predetermined distance. In one embodiment, this is accomplished by sliding slide actuator 26 relative to control handle 24. At the new location, ablation energy is again supplied to the electrode and the adjacent tissue is ablated. This procedure may be repeated one or more times to create a continuous trauma, in which case the clinician does not need to move the catheter shaft 14 or the entire medical device 10. Next, as described above, tracking burns (
The tip electrode 50 may be used for follow-up burns).

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art from the foregoing, the present invention provides a medical device that can easily form a continuous trauma without the need for long electrodes that hinder the flexibility of the medical device. Is provided. In addition, the medical device of the present invention provides a simple mechanism for moving electrodes to easily form a continuous wound.

The preferred embodiments according to the present invention are to be understood as having the above-mentioned devices and systems mainly representing the principles according to the present invention, and further according to their significance and the scope of the following claims of the present invention. Other devices and systems may be devised, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0037]

【The invention's effect】

As described above, according to the medical device of the present invention, a long shaft in which a long groove is formed in a longitudinal direction, at least one lumen is defined inside the shaft, and the long groove is A shaft communicating with the lumen and having the lumen formed with a predetermined cross-sectional dimension, at least one or more electrodes movably held on the shaft in alignment with at least a portion of the long groove, and It has a moving member formed to a predetermined size extending through the lumen and the long groove for connection, and moves the moving member with respect to the shaft, and moves and operates the electrode by the movement. And an electrode moving mechanism to perform the excision that facilitates the formation (creation) of linear trauma and maintain the required continuity. Further, no surgical operation is required to physically pull the catheter shaft to create a linear lesion.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a medical device used in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a moving electrode provided in the medical device shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from a side.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view as seen from the direction of the arrows along line 3-3 shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view as seen from the direction of arrows along line 4-4 shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a medical device used in another embodiment according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Medical device 12 Slide electrode 14 Catheter shaft 16 Electrode moving mechanism 22 Lumen 24 Control handle 25 Thumb wheel 26 Slide actuator 30 Mandrel or moving member 34 Long proximal end 38 Transition part 40 Contact Department

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A61B 18/18

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. An elongated shaft having a long groove formed in a longitudinal direction, wherein at least one lumen is defined inside the shaft, and the long groove communicates with the lumen and the lumen has a predetermined cross section. A shaft formed with dimensions; at least one or more electrodes movably held on the shaft in alignment with at least a portion of the slot; and inserted through the lumen and the slot to connect to the electrode. An electrode moving mechanism having a moving member formed to have a predetermined dimension and extending, and moving the moving member with respect to the shaft, and moving and operating the electrode by the movement. 2. A long part extending through the lumen, a transition part connected to the long part and passing through the long groove, and connected to the transition part and connected to the electrode. The medical device according to claim 1, further comprising a mandrel comprising: 3. The medical device according to claim 1, including a control handle, and wherein the electrode moving mechanism includes a slide actuator slidably held in the control handle and connected to a mandrel. 4. The medical device according to claim 1, wherein the long groove has a length of 1 to 8 cm. 5. The medical device according to claim 1, wherein the shaft is provided with at least one additional electrode at a predetermined position. 6. The medical device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises a ring electrode. 7. The medical device according to claim 1, wherein the medical device is a catheter. 8. The medical device according to claim 7, wherein the catheter is a steerable catheter. 9. A plurality of electrodes are movably held on the shaft, and the electrode moving mechanism is connected to each of the electrodes and moves and operates each of the electrodes with respect to the shaft. 2. The medical device according to 1. 10. The medical device according to claim 1, wherein the shaft defines a plurality of lumens. 11. A catheter for performing a medical procedure, wherein the catheter is an elongated tubular shaft having a longitudinal long groove formed to a predetermined length, and defines at least one lumen therein. A shaft through which the long groove communicates with the lumen, at least one or more electrodes which are movably held on the shaft in at least a part of the long groove, and for connecting to the electrode A medical device comprising: an electrode moving mechanism inserted into the lumen and the long groove, the electrode moving mechanism operating the electrode by moving the electrode with respect to the shaft. 12. The medical device according to claim 11, wherein the electrode moving mechanism includes a mandrel extending in contact with the electrode and extending through the lumen and the long groove. 13. The mandrel is connected to the elongate part extending through the lumen, the transition part connected to the elongate part and extending through the elongate groove, and connected to the transition part. The medical device according to claim 12, further comprising: a contact portion connected to the electrode. 14. The medical device according to claim 11, further comprising a control handle, and wherein the electrode moving mechanism includes a slide actuator slidably held in the control handle and connected to a mandrel. 15. The medical device according to claim 11, wherein the long groove has a length of 1 to 8 cm. 16. The medical device according to claim 11, wherein at least one additional electrode is provided at a predetermined position on the shaft. 17. The medical device according to claim 11, wherein the electrode comprises a ring electrode. 18. The medical device according to claim 11, wherein the medical device is a catheter. 19. The catheter of claim 18, wherein the catheter is a steerable catheter.
A medical device according to claim 1. 20. The medical device according to claim 11, wherein the shaft defines a plurality of lumens. 21. A plurality of electrodes are movably held on the shaft, and the electrode moving mechanism is connected to each of the electrodes and operates by moving each of the electrodes with respect to the shaft. The medical device according to claim 11,