JP2002293982A - Agent and method for accelerating degradation of biodegradable polymer and method for degrading the polymer - Google Patents
Agent and method for accelerating degradation of biodegradable polymer and method for degrading the polymerInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002293982A JP2002293982A JP2001103684A JP2001103684A JP2002293982A JP 2002293982 A JP2002293982 A JP 2002293982A JP 2001103684 A JP2001103684 A JP 2001103684A JP 2001103684 A JP2001103684 A JP 2001103684A JP 2002293982 A JP2002293982 A JP 2002293982A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- biodegradable polymer
- polymer
- decomposition
- degrading
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/105—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/14—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with steam or water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/16—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、生分解性ポリマー
である脂肪族ポリエステル製のプラスチック廃棄物を、
迅速・簡便かつ安全に分解処理する分解促進剤及び分解
促進方法並びに分解方法に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plastic waste made of an aliphatic polyester which is a biodegradable polymer,
The present invention relates to a decomposition accelerator, a decomposition acceleration method, and a decomposition method that can be rapidly, simply and safely decomposed.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】プラスチック成形物は例えば、一回限り
の使い捨て成形物に使用されるケースがある。かかるプ
ラスチック成形物は、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、
ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化
ビニルなどで成形された非分解性樹脂であり、プラスチ
ック廃棄物は埋め立て処理または焼却処理されていた
が、近年、埋め立て処理する場所がなくなりつつあり、
また焼却処理によって有毒なダイオキシンが発生すると
いう環境汚染が社会問題化しつつある。2. Description of the Related Art In some cases, plastic molded articles are used for one-time use disposable molded articles. Such plastic moldings are polyethylene, polypropylene,
Polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, is a non-degradable resin molded with polyvinyl chloride, etc., plastic waste has been landfilled or incinerated, but in recent years, the place to be landfilled has been disappearing,
In addition, environmental pollution that toxic dioxin is generated by incineration is becoming a social problem.
【0003】例えば、テーマパークや遊園地等の娯楽施
設で使用されるプラスチック製飲料用コップや食品用容
器は、一回限りで廃棄処分される。これらはマテリアル
リサイクルされつつあるが、最終的には、廃棄されるた
め、前述のごみ処理問題を解決したとは言い難いもので
ある。For example, plastic drink cups and food containers used in recreational facilities such as theme parks and amusement parks are disposed of only once. Although these materials are being recycled, they are ultimately discarded, so it is difficult to say that the above-mentioned waste disposal problem has been solved.
【0004】近年、廃棄物処理問題を解決するために期
待されている生分解性ポリマーが多数開発されている。
この生分解性ポリマーは、土中に埋没すると1〜2年で
生分解され二酸化炭素と水に分解される。また微生物方
式のコンポスト化装置に投入すると約30〜60日で分
解するものである。これにかかる期間は、条件として、
有機性廃棄物、生分解性ポリマーの種類、温度、微生物
等によって変わることがあり、不確定日数である。[0004] In recent years, many biodegradable polymers expected to solve the waste disposal problem have been developed.
When this biodegradable polymer is buried in soil, it is biodegraded in one to two years and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. Moreover, when it is put into a composting device of a microbial system, it is decomposed in about 30 to 60 days. The period for this depends on the conditions,
The number of days may vary depending on the type of organic waste, biodegradable polymer, temperature, microorganisms, etc., and is an indefinite number of days.
【0005】しかし、生分解性ポリマーを用いても大量
に廃棄されたごみを処理する埋立地が必要となる。また
コンポスト化処理する方法では、処理速度が、ごみの排
出量速度よりも大きくならなければ、ごみとして、蓄積
されることになる。従来の微生物方式のコンポスト化装
置では、該ポリマーを短時間で処理することはできな
い。また、コンポスト化装置に生分解性ポリマーを前処
理する装置も具備されておらず、生分解性ポリマーの分
解処理方法としては、満足していない。However, even if a biodegradable polymer is used, a landfill for treating a large amount of waste is required. In the composting method, if the processing speed does not become higher than the waste discharge speed, the waste is accumulated as waste. With a conventional microbial composting device, the polymer cannot be processed in a short time. In addition, the composting device is not provided with a device for pretreating a biodegradable polymer, and is not satisfactory as a method for decomposing a biodegradable polymer.
【0006】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者らは、鋭意研
究を行った結果、まず生分解性ポリマーを分解促進剤に
浸漬することにより、加水分解処理し、得られた処理物
をコンポスト化装置に投入すれば、迅速にコンポスト化
処理できることを見出し本発明を完成したものであって
その目的とするところは、生分解性ポリマーを迅速・簡
便かつ安全に分解する分解促進剤及び分解促進方法並び
に分解方法を提供するにある。The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies. As a result, the biodegradable polymer was first hydrolyzed by immersing it in a decomposition accelerator, and the resulting treated product was composted. It has been found that, when put into an apparatus, composting treatment can be quickly performed, and the present invention has been completed. The object of the present invention is to provide a decomposition accelerator and a decomposition acceleration method for rapidly, simply and safely decomposing a biodegradable polymer. And to provide a decomposition method.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち本発明は、水、
または不揮発性溶質を含有する水、酸性物質を含有する
水からなる群から選択される溶液からなる、生分解性ポ
リマー分解促進剤,及び生分解性ポリマーを、加熱した
当該の分解促進剤に接触させることを特徴とする、生分
解性ポリマーの分解促進方法,並びに微生物の分解能を
利用する生分解性ポリマーの分解方法であって、前処理
として、加熱した当該分解促進剤に生分解性ポリマーを
接触させることを特徴とする、生分解性ポリマーの分解
方法である。That is, the present invention provides water,
Alternatively, a biodegradable polymer degradation accelerator comprising a solution selected from the group consisting of water containing a nonvolatile solute and water containing an acidic substance, and contacting the biodegradable polymer with the heated degradation accelerator. A method for promoting the degradation of a biodegradable polymer, and a method for decomposing a biodegradable polymer using the resolution of microorganisms, wherein the biodegradable polymer is added to the heated degradation accelerator as a pretreatment. This is a method for decomposing a biodegradable polymer, which is characterized by contacting.
【0008】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明で用いられる分解促進剤と
しては、水のほか、水に不揮発性溶質を加えたものや、
酸性物質を添加し、酸性溶液としたものが挙げられる。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION As a decomposition accelerator used in the present invention, in addition to water, those obtained by adding a non-volatile solute to water,
An acidic solution is prepared by adding an acidic substance.
【0009】不揮発性溶質とは、その温度では気体にな
らない、蒸気圧が非常に低い物質であり、多数存在す
る。例えば、塩化ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、塩化カル
シウム、塩化カリウム、ショ糖、等が挙げられる。[0009] Non-volatile solutes are substances that do not turn into gas at that temperature and have a very low vapor pressure. For example, sodium chloride, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose and the like can be mentioned.
【0010】酸性物質としては、例えば、塩酸、硫酸、
硝酸、等が挙げられる。As the acidic substance, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,
Nitric acid, and the like.
【0011】本発明の分解促進剤には、必要に応じて、
他の添加剤を含有させても良い。The decomposition accelerator of the present invention may optionally contain
Other additives may be included.
【0012】水の場合は、90〜100℃好ましくは9
8℃〜100℃(沸騰水)で用いるのが好ましい。[0012] In the case of water, the temperature is preferably 90 to 100 ° C, preferably 9 ° C.
It is preferably used at 8 ° C to 100 ° C (boiling water).
【0013】また不揮発性溶質を加えた処理液は、沸点
が上昇しているため、当該沸点まで上昇させて用いるの
が好ましい。その場合は、沸点は100℃以上となる。Since the boiling point of the treatment liquid to which the non-volatile solute is added is increased, it is preferable to use the treatment liquid with the boiling point increased to the boiling point. In that case, the boiling point is 100 ° C. or higher.
【0014】酸性溶液の場合の温度としては90〜10
0℃好ましくは98℃〜沸騰水がよい。The temperature in the case of an acidic solution is 90 to 10
0 ° C, preferably 98 ° C to boiling water.
【0015】尚、上記の処理液を、大気圧付近よりも高
い圧力下で、沸点を上昇させて、当該沸点で用いること
もできる。The above-mentioned treatment liquid can be used at the boiling point by raising the boiling point under a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure.
【0016】本発明の生分解性ポリマーとしては、例え
ば脂肪族ポリエステルを主成分とする加水分解能を持っ
たポリマー等が挙げられ、具体的には、ポリカプロラク
トン、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリエチレンサクシ
ネート、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、及びこれらの原
料ポリマーを主原料とする共重合体等が挙げられる。ま
たこれらの樹脂物性に応じて用途別に使用ポリマーを選
択することが可能であり、特に限定されない。The biodegradable polymer of the present invention includes, for example, a polymer having an aqueous polyester as a main component and capable of hydrolyzing. Specific examples thereof include polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polyethylene succinate, and the like. Examples include polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, and copolymers containing these raw materials as main raw materials. Further, it is possible to select a polymer to be used for each application according to the physical properties of the resin, and there is no particular limitation.
【0017】まず生分解性ポリマー成形物を処理液中に
投入する。すると加水分解反応が進み該ポリマーは、も
ろくなり、少しの衝撃を加えると粉状にまで粉砕され
る。この分解中間物は、低分子量化されており、モノマ
ーからオリゴマー単位まで分解されている。この生分解
性ポリマー分解物は、コンポスト化装置の微生物に対し
て、生体内代謝サイクルに取り込まれ易く、最終的に二
酸化炭素と水に分解されるものである。First, a biodegradable polymer molded product is charged into a treatment liquid. Then, the hydrolysis reaction proceeds, and the polymer becomes brittle. When a slight impact is applied, the polymer is crushed into a powder. This decomposition intermediate has a reduced molecular weight and is decomposed from a monomer to an oligomer unit. This biodegradable polymer degradation product is easily taken into the metabolic cycle in vivo by the microorganisms in the composting device, and is finally decomposed into carbon dioxide and water.
【0018】ここで、一般的なコンポスト化装置内の微
生物による分解機構である一次反応は、微生物の生体外
酵素による加水分解であり、モノマーからオリゴマー単
位にまで分解を受ける。その分解物は、二次反応とし
て、微生物の生体内に取り込まれ、生分解を受ける。Here, the primary reaction, which is a decomposition mechanism of microorganisms in a general composting apparatus, is hydrolysis of microorganisms by an in vitro enzyme, which undergoes decomposition from monomers to oligomer units. The decomposed product is taken into the organism of the microorganism as a secondary reaction and undergoes biodegradation.
【0019】微生物方式のコンポスト化装置に関して
は、使用する該ポリマーの種類により、特殊な微生物類
が発見されているが、本発明により前処理された中間分
解物であれば、微生物の代謝サイクルに取り込まれ易く
なっており、一次反応である生体外酵素による特異性は
あまり関係がないため、一般的なコンポスト化装置を使
用することができる。Regarding the composting device of the microbial type, special microorganisms have been discovered depending on the type of the polymer used. Since it is easily incorporated and the specificity of the primary reaction, which is an in vitro enzyme, is not so relevant, a general composting device can be used.
【0020】この発明によって生分解性ポリマーは、迅
速・簡便かつ安全に分解することができる。According to the present invention, the biodegradable polymer can be rapidly, simply and safely decomposed.
【0021】このコンポスト化装置から得られたコンポ
ストは、堆肥として使用することができる。The compost obtained from the composting device can be used as compost.
【0022】この生分解性ポリマー分解物は、単体でコ
ンポスト化装置に投入するのではなく、有機性廃棄物と
共に投入することが好ましい。これは、微生物の最適活
動環境維持が容易となり、ごみ処理性能の改善が図られ
るからである。It is preferable that the biodegradable polymer decomposed product is input together with the organic waste, instead of being input to the composting device alone. This is because it is easy to maintain the optimal activity environment for microorganisms, and the waste treatment performance is improved.
【0023】[0023]
【実施例】以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明す
るが、本発明はこれらの実施例により限定されるもので
はない。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
【0024】実施例1 生分解性ポリマーである、ポリ乳酸を主成分とする組成
物100mm×100mm、厚み約1mmのプレートを作
成した。上記プレートを水98℃中に浸漬した。Example 1 A plate having a composition of 100 mm × 100 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm containing polylactic acid as a main component, which is a biodegradable polymer, was prepared. The plate was immersed in water at 98 ° C.
【0025】実施例2 実施例1と同様にして作成したプレートを、20重量%
塩化ナトリウム水溶液の105℃中に浸漬した。Example 2 A 20% by weight plate prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was used.
It was immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride at 105 ° C.
【0026】実施例3 実施例1と同様にして作成したプレートを、塩酸1N水
溶液の100℃中に浸漬した。Example 3 A plate prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was immersed in a 1N aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid at 100 ° C.
【0027】比較例1 実施例1と同様にして作成したプレートを、処理水への
浸漬をすることなく、コンポスト化装置に投入した。Comparative Example 1 A plate prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was put into a composting apparatus without being immersed in treated water.
【0028】[0028]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0029】表1から分かる通り、実施例1、実施例
2、実施例3による前処理をしたものは、処理せずにコ
ンポスト化装置に投入したものよりも、迅速・簡便かつ
安全に粉々に崩壊していた。As can be seen from Table 1, the pretreatments according to Examples 1, 2 and 3 are more quickly, easily and safely shattered than those charged into a composting apparatus without treatment. Had collapsed.
【0030】[0030]
【発明の効果】本発明による加水分解能のある脂肪族ポ
リエステルを主体とするプラスチック成形物の分解方法
を提供することによって、焼却処分せず、有害ガスも発
生させずに、プラスチック成形物の廃棄が可能となっ
た。そして、大量廃棄される使い捨てプラスチック成形
物等のごみを迅速・簡便かつ安全に分解処理することに
よって、ごみ処理問題を解決することができる。また生
ごみとプラスチック材料からなるごみを、発生時に手元
で一緒に減容化・コンポスト化処理できるため、使用者
にとって使い勝手の面で効果を得ることができる。According to the present invention, by providing a method for decomposing a plastic molded product mainly composed of an aliphatic polyester capable of hydrolyzing, the plastic molded product can be discarded without being incinerated and generating no harmful gas. It has become possible. The waste disposal problem can be solved by quickly, simply, and safely disassembling the waste such as disposable plastic molded articles that are discarded in large quantities. In addition, since the garbage made of the garbage and the plastic material can be reduced and composted at hand when they are generated, an effect can be obtained in terms of usability for the user.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成13年6月4日(2001.6.4)[Submission date] June 4, 2001 (2001.6.4)
【手続補正1】[Procedure amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】図面の簡単な説明[Correction target item name] Brief description of drawings
【補正方法】追加[Correction method] Added
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図1】本発明の分解促進剤を使用して、生分解性ポリ
マー廃棄物を分解する方法の一例を表わす、フロー図で
ある。FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an example of a method for decomposing a biodegradable polymer waste using the decomposition accelerator of the present invention.
Claims (3)
酸性物質を含有する水からなる群から選択される溶液か
らなる、生分解性ポリマー分解促進剤。1. Water or water containing a non-volatile solute,
A biodegradable polymer degradation accelerator comprising a solution selected from the group consisting of water containing an acidic substance.
記載の分解促進剤に接触させることを特徴とする、生分
解性ポリマーの分解促進方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable polymer is heated.
A method for accelerating the decomposition of a biodegradable polymer, which is brought into contact with the decomposition accelerator described above.
マーの分解方法であって、前処理として、加熱した請求
項1記載の分解促進剤に生分解性ポリマーを接触させる
ことを特徴とする、生分解性ポリマーの分解方法。3. A method for decomposing a biodegradable polymer utilizing the resolution of microorganisms, wherein the biodegradable polymer is brought into contact with a heated decomposition promoter according to claim 1, as a pretreatment. A method for decomposing a biodegradable polymer.
Priority Applications (1)
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JP2001103684A JP2002293982A (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2001-04-02 | Agent and method for accelerating degradation of biodegradable polymer and method for degrading the polymer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001103684A JP2002293982A (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2001-04-02 | Agent and method for accelerating degradation of biodegradable polymer and method for degrading the polymer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2002293982A true JP2002293982A (en) | 2002-10-09 |
Family
ID=18956703
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JP2001103684A Pending JP2002293982A (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2001-04-02 | Agent and method for accelerating degradation of biodegradable polymer and method for degrading the polymer |
Country Status (1)
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JP (1) | JP2002293982A (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005330211A (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-12-02 | Toyohashi Univ Of Technology | Method for hydrolyzing biodegradable polyester into monomer, and apparatus for treating biodegradable polyester |
JP2010132886A (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-06-17 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd | Method for producing oligomer and/or monomer by degrading biodegradable resin |
JP2011157483A (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-18 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd | Method for treating biodegradable resin |
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