JP2001135206A - Electrode, vacuum valve electrode, vacuum valve and vacuum switch - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide small electrodes having little deformation with the passage of time and a high productivity and reliability, a vacuum shutter equipped with it, vacuum valve used for it and electrodes for the vacuum valve. SOLUTION: At the fixed and movable sides of the electrode are composed of arc electrodes comprising an alloy of fire-proof metal particles and highly conductive metal, electrode supports consisting of a highly conductive metal that support the arc electrodes, and electrode bars having a diameter thinner than the electrode support; and that monolithic assembly is conducted by soldering the said electrode bar via a trough-hole provided on the arc electrode or on the same and the electrode support.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel electrode for interrupting a current, and more particularly to a vacuum valve electrode, a vacuum valve and a vacuum switch using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Vacuum circuit breakers are used in conjunction with disconnectors, grounding switches, lightning arresters, and AC switches, and are used in various buildings, hotels,
This device is used in high-voltage substations such as substations, underground shopping centers, petroleum complexes, various factories, stations, vehicles, hospitals, halls, and public facilities such as water and sewage.

[0003] In a vacuum valve constituting a part of the vacuum circuit breaker, a pair of fixed-side electrodes and movable-side electrodes are arranged correspondingly, and arc electrodes are used on the sides in contact with each other. Both electrodes have an electrode support connected to the back surface, and an electrode rod connected to the electrode support extends outside and is connected to an external conductor terminal. The arc electrode, the electrode support, and the electrode rod are formed of a conductive base material.

[0004] The arc electrodes are directly exposed to the arc to open and close high voltages and large currents. Satisfactory characteristics required for the arc electrode are that the breaking capacity is large, the withstand voltage is high, the contact resistance is small (excellent electric conduction), and the welding resistance is excellent. Basic conditions such as a small amount of electrode consumption and a small cutting current value are exemplified.

[0005] However, it is difficult to satisfy all of these characteristics. In general, a material is used which emphasizes particularly important characteristics depending on the application and sacrifices other characteristics to some extent. JP-A-63-96204 discloses Cr or Cr-C as an arc electrode material for breaking large current and high voltage.
A method of infiltrating Cu into a u-formed body is disclosed. The arc electrode is formed by molding a Cr powder or a mixture of a Cr powder and a Cu powder into a predetermined composition, shape, and porosity.
It is manufactured by a so-called infiltration method in which a molten metal u or its alloy is impregnated and processed into a predetermined shape. An electrode support and an electrode rod are joined to the back surface of the processed arc electrode by brazing to form a series of electrode structures. It takes a lot of time and effort to perform centering and the like, and also causes an accident of breaking or falling off of the electrode material due to poor brazing.

Therefore, as a method of integrating the above-mentioned arc electrode, electrode support portion, and electrode rod in the manufacturing process, a molded body made of Cr, which is a refractory metal, and Cu, which is a highly conductive metal, is formed by forming A so-called integral infiltration method has been developed in which a metal, Cu or an alloy thereof, is impregnated and an electrode support and an electrode rod are formed with the remainder of the highly conductive metal.
And JP-A-11-167847. Further, regarding spiral grooves and reinforcing members, see JP-A-9-11-1.
It is disclosed in 90744.

[0007]

The electrode structures disclosed in the former two publications mainly show a vertical magnetic field generating coil type electrode. However, although the arc electrode and the coil electrode are integrated by an integral infiltration method, However, this type of electrode structure has a problem that the electrode structure is complicated and the number of parts is large, brazing and assembling are troublesome, and cost and productivity are poor. In order to eliminate this brazing, there is also an example of infiltration that integrates from the arc electrode to the electrode rod.However, this method cannot cut out the inner space of the coil electrode and generates a vertical magnetic field. Can not.

A spiral electrode is mentioned as an electrode having another structure. However, if four or more grooves are provided, the strength of the root of the blade-shaped arc runner divided by the grooves is small, and the electrode is deformed when opening and closing the electrodes. Might be. Further, the arc runner is tapered in the radial direction, and only comes into contact with the counter electrode at the center of the arc electrode. The electrode support and the electrode rod are joined by brazing.

In the former manufacturing method according to these publications,
Infiltration is performed in a refractory vessel to melt the highly conductive metal, but basically one infiltration ingot is obtained from one vessel. However, in order to improve the production efficiency, a plurality of infiltration castings are carried out in one container by placing a plurality of stacked bodies and a supply material of Cu alternately in one container and infiltrating them. This indicates that a lump is obtained.

However, according to this method, since the alumina powder is filled in the refractory container, a refractory container having a diameter larger than that of the molded article is required, which requires extra space and lowers productivity. In addition, if the filling of alumina powder is not uniform, defects such as insufficient infiltration are likely to occur, and furthermore, the alumina powder adheres to the surface of the ingot after infiltration, which leads to a reduction in the life of the cutting tool during electrode processing. There was a problem.

Further, the latter publication does not disclose the joining of the electrode rods at all.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode for interrupting a current which has high bonding reliability and is easy to manufacture, an electrode for a vacuum valve using the same, a vacuum valve and a vacuum switch.

[0013]

According to the present invention, there is provided an electrode for interrupting a current, wherein the electrode comprises an arc electrode comprising an alloy having refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal serving as the current interrupting surface; An electrode support portion made of a highly conductive metal for supporting the arc electrode, and an electrode rod connected to the electrode support portion and having a smaller diameter portion than the electrode support portion, wherein the arc electrode and the electrode support portion have the height The electrode rod is integrally formed with a conductive metal, and the electrode rod is inserted and brazed into a recess provided in the electrode support, and the recess is formed so as not to penetrate the electrode support. Or a non-magnetic reinforcing member having a strength higher than that of the highly conductive metal is provided on a surface of the electrode support opposite to the blocking surface, and the electrode rod is provided with a recess provided in the electrode support. And the reinforcing member That is brazed at the same time,
Or a combination of these. The electrode of the present invention is an arc electrode made of an alloy having refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal serving as the current blocking surface, an electrode support portion made of a highly conductive metal supporting the arc electrode, and the arc The electrode and the electrode supporting portion are integrally formed of the highly conductive metal, and have a plurality of grooves formed from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the electrode on the interruption surface, and the arc electrode is provided on the interruption surface. A concave portion is formed in the center of the arc electrode, and the depth of the concave portion is 50% or more of the thickness of the arc electrode, or the electrode supporting portion is formed on the side opposite to the cutoff surface by the highly conductive metal. Also, a non-magnetic reinforcing member having high strength is provided, and the thickness of the reinforcing member is 30 to 50% with respect to the thickness of the electrode supporting portion. Integrally formed by the highly conductive metal And a through hole penetrating the arc electrode and the electrode support at the center of the electrode, wherein the thickness of the electrode support is greater than the thickness of the arc electrode, or a combination thereof. It is characterized by.

The present invention relates to an electrode for interrupting a current,
The electrode has an arc electrode made of an alloy containing refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal, and an electrode rod having a smaller diameter portion than the arc electrode in the vicinity connected to the arc electrode. A non-magnetic reinforcing member having a higher strength than the arc electrode is provided on the side opposite to the cut-off surface, and the electrode rod is provided with through holes provided in the arc electrode and the reinforcing member so that the arc electrode and the reinforcing member It is characterized by being brazed simultaneously with the member.

According to the present invention, there is provided an electrode for a vacuum valve having a fixed electrode and a movable electrode, wherein the entire surfaces of the electrodes facing each other are constituted by arc electrodes made of an alloy containing a refractory metal and a highly conductive metal. An electrode support portion made of a highly conductive metal that supports the arc electrode, and an electrode rod made of the highly conductive metal on a back surface of the electrode support portion, wherein the arc electrode, the electrode support portion, and the electrode The rod is integrally formed by melting the highly conductive metal, and the fixed side electrode and the movable side electrode have three or more grooves formed from the electrode inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side on surfaces facing each other, The groove reaches the outer peripheral side ends of the two electrodes to divide the electrode into three or more parts, and the groove penetrates the arc electrode and the electrode support. Arc electrode and electrode support,
Or, in addition to this, since the electrode rod is integrated with the metallographically, there is no danger of the arc electrode falling off, and there is no bonding interface, so that there is no local temperature rise due to resistance heating. Further, by setting the number of grooves from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side to be three or more, the root of the blade shape can be made thicker and deformation can be prevented.

The problem that the electrode rod portion of the integrated infiltration ingot is large can be eliminated by integrating the arc electrode and the electrode support part metallurgically and making the electrode rod metallurgical. Numerous integral infiltration ingots can be obtained in one refractory vessel.

Further, the present invention has a reinforcing plate made of a highly rigid metal or an alloy on a part of the back surface of the electrode support, and the arc electrode and the electrode support are formed by melting the highly conductive metal. The electrode supporting portion, the reinforcing plate, and the electrode rod are integrally formed, and are metallurgically joined. The fixed electrode and the movable electrode are formed at three or more surfaces from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the surfaces facing each other. The grooves reach the outer peripheral ends of the two electrodes and divide the electrodes into the number of grooves, and the grooves penetrate the arc electrode and the electrode support. By providing the reinforcing plate on the back surface of the electrode support portion, the blade-shaped root divided by the grooves is reinforced, and there is no possibility of deformation, and four or more grooves can be provided. The reinforcing plate can be cast by melting a highly conductive metal, and the parts from the arc electrode to the electrode rod can be integrated in a metallographic manner.

According to the present invention, the arc electrode is made of Cr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Be, Hf, I as a refractory metal.
r, Pt, Zr, Ti, Te, Si, V, Fe, Co,
One or a mixture of two or more of Ni, Mn, Rh and Ru, or a compound thereof, and C as a highly conductive metal
It is made of a metal made of u, Ag or Au or an alloy mainly containing them, and the electrode support portion is made of the highly conductive metal or an alloy mainly containing it. This allows
An electrode for a vacuum valve having excellent breaking performance, withstand voltage and welding resistance and having the required mechanical strength can be obtained. The amounts of components are Cr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Be, and H as refractory metals.
f, Ir, Pt, Zr, Ti, Te, Si, V, Fe,
The total amount of one or more of Co, Ni, Mn, Rh and Ru is 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 35 to 65% by weight.
It is desirable for the required electrode performance to contain 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 35 to 65% by weight of a metal made of Cu, Ag or Au as a highly conductive metal or an alloy mainly containing these. Melting point 180 as a refractory metal
Cr, Mo, W, Ta or the like at 0 ° C. or higher is preferable.

In the present invention, the arc electrode preferably contains 400 to 5000 ppm of oxygen, whereby desired electrode performance can be obtained.

Further, in the present invention, the specific resistance of the electrode supporting portion is 1.8 to 5.6 μΩcm, and the specific resistance of the arc electrode is 3.0.
It is preferably from 7 to 6.6 μΩcm. By having this specific resistance value, an electrode for a vacuum valve having necessary withstand voltage characteristics and conductivity can be obtained.

In the production method of the present invention, the highly conductive metal is placed on a porous formed body made of the refractory metal and the highly conductive metal, and the plurality of stacked layers are vertically stacked in a fireproof container. Filled, or alternatively, a plurality of the porous molded bodies and the highly conductive metal are alternately arranged in a horizontal direction and arranged in a fireproof container, and a refractory support for fixing a molded body interval between the porous molded bodies. Installed, the arc electrode is formed by melting the highly conductive metal and infiltrating the porous molded body,
The electrode support and the electrode rod are formed by setting the thickness of the highly conductive metal remaining after infiltration to a thickness required for the electrode support and the electrode rod by the refractory support, and forming the arc electrode. And the electrode support and the electrode rod. According to this method, the arc electrode, the electrode support portion, and the electrode rod are integrated in a metallographic manner, and an ingot of a desired size from which a plurality of ingots can be obtained is obtained. Further, the structure of the refractory container is simple, the setting of the raw materials can be performed in a relatively short time, and the production efficiency is excellent.

Further, the problem that the working margin of the electrode rod portion is large can be eliminated, and a large number of integrally infiltrated ingots can be obtained with one refractory vessel.

Further, the method of the present invention is characterized in that the refractory metal constituting the porous molded body is Cr, W, Mo, T
a, Nb, Be, Hf, Ir, Pt, Zr, Ti, T
e, Si, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Rh and R
One or more raw material powders of u have 5% by weight or less of particles of 106 μm or more and 50% by weight of particles of 75 μm or more.
Hereinafter, it is preferable that the particles having a particle size of 44 μm or less have a particle size distribution of 10% by weight or more. Cu, A which is a highly conductive metal
The raw material powder of a metal composed of g or Au or an alloy mainly containing these metals preferably has a particle size of 74 μm or less. By using these powders, a mixed structure in which the refractory metal and the highly conductive metal are uniformly dispersed can be obtained, and stable performance can be obtained.

In particular, the arc electrode member according to the present invention comprises:
Cu 35-65% by weight, Cr 35-65% by weight, Nb,
At least one of V, Fe, Ti and Zr in a total amount of 0.1 to 1;
Cu infiltrated alloy containing 0% by weight, preferably 0.5-5% by weight, more preferably 0.5-3.0% by weight, or P
at least one of b, Bi, Te and Se in total of 0.1 to
Cu infiltration alloys containing 0.5% are preferred. Preferably, the infiltration temperature is 30 to 100 ° C. higher than the melting point of the infiltrated alloy.

The electrode rod is brazed to the electrode support,
Alternatively, it can be integrated with the arc electrode and the electrode support by infiltration of a highly conductive metal by melting. The former is preferable because a highly conductive material of plastic working material of oxygen-free copper can be used. The reinforcing plate is preferably provided on an arc electrode having a diameter of 30 mm or more. In particular, nonmagnetic stainless steel is used, and SUS304, 316 and the like are preferable.

Vacuum circuit breakers are used together with disconnectors, earthing switches, lightning arresters, and AC switches, and are used for high-rise buildings, hotels, intelligent buildings, underground shopping centers, petroleum complexes, various factories, stations, hospitals, halls, subways, water and sewage systems, etc. It is used as a high-voltage substation equipment that is indispensable as a power source for public facilities.

[0027]

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an infiltration ingot 1 manufactured by the method of the present invention. Here, 2 is an arc electrode member, and 3 is an electrode support member.
First, a specific manufacturing method according to a conventional method will be described with reference to FIG.

(1). 57 Cr powder as refractory metal
% By weight, 4.5% by weight of Nb powder, and 38.5% by weight of Cu powder as a highly conductive metal were mixed by a V mixer. At this time, the Cr powder contains about 2000 ppm of oxygen,
Al and Si each contain about 800 ppm. The mixed powder was molded at a pressure of 1.8 ton / cm ² using a mold having a diameter of 60 mm to produce a green compact 5 for an arc electrode having a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 9 mm.

(2). The arc electrode compact 5 is placed on the bottom of the graphite crucible 4, and a supply Cu ingot 6 which is a highly conductive metal is placed thereon, and these are stacked in three stages. At this time, a graphite support 8 was placed between the arc electrode compacts 5. This has a ring shape whose outer diameter is almost the same as the inner diameter of the graphite crucible 4, has BN applied as a mold release agent on the inner surface, and has a half-split type in the vertical direction. The length is equal to the required thickness of the electrode support member 3.

(3). The graphite crucible 4 is placed in a vacuum electric furnace for heating at 1200 ° C. in a vacuum of 6.7 × 10 ⁻³ Pa or less.
Heat for 90 minutes. At this time, the supply Cu ingot 6 shown in FIG. 2 is melted and impregnated into the pores of the green compact 5 for an arc electrode. Thereby, the composition of the main component in the obtained arc electrode member 2 is approximately 37% by weight of Cr and 6% by weight of Cu.
0% by weight and 3% by weight of Nb.

(4). When these are taken out of the graphite crucible 4 after solidification, an infiltration ingot 7 is obtained, which is shown in FIG. At this time, the graphite support 8 is removed from the infiltration ingot 7 for the split mold.

By cutting at the cutting position shown in FIG. 2, three arc electrode members 2 and three electrode supporting members 3 which are integrated morphologically can be obtained. In addition, the infiltration ingot including the arbitrary plurality of arc electrode members 2 and the electrode support members 3 can be manufactured by a similar method, not limited to three. The support 8 may be made of a material other than graphite, such as stainless steel or carbon steel, as long as it does not deform at the infiltration temperature.

Further, on the back side of the green compact 5 for an arc electrode,
That is, a reinforcing plate is disposed between the arc electrode compact 5 and the supply Cu ingot 6 and is infiltrated so that the reinforcing plate is cast on the back surface of the arc electrode member 2 with the electrode support member 3. It is also possible to produce the infiltration ingot having.

The length of the graphite support 8 is set so that the electrode support portion and the electrode rod can be sampled, and the supply Cu ingot 6 is filled with a sufficient amount to thereby obtain the arc electrode and the electrode support. It is also possible to produce an infiltration ingot that can collect the part and the electrode rod integrally.

When the specific resistance of each of the arc electrode member 2 and the electrode support member 3 shown in FIG. 2 was measured, the specific resistance of the arc electrode member 2 was 4.9 to 5.3 μΩcm in all the layers, The specific resistance of each layer is 2.4 to 2.7 μΩcm
Met. Further, when the structure of each member was observed with an optical microscope, it was confirmed that the arc electrode member 2 and the electrode support member were a metallographically integrated structure.

As described above, according to the method of the present invention, a plurality of arc electrode members and electrode support members having desired dimensions can be reliably manufactured by using a refractory vessel having a relatively simple structure, and the production efficiency can be improved. It was confirmed that the production method was excellent.

FIG. 3 is a plan view (a) and a sectional view (b)-(b) of an electrode for a vacuum valve specifically manufactured from the electrode member manufactured by the above method. The electrode in the present embodiment is constituted by the arc electrode 12 having a refractory metal on the entire surface serving as a current blocking surface except for the concave portion 17 provided at the center of the electrode and the spiral groove 13. Also,
The electrode support member 14 is provided with a concave portion 18 for connecting a conductor to be described later. FIG. 3 shows that the reinforcing plate 16 made of SUS304 of JIS standard is Ag7 by weight together with an electrode rod to be described later.
It is brazed by Ag brazing of 0 to 75% and Cu of 25 to 30%. In the present embodiment, the one without the reinforcing plate 16 has the same structure. In the present embodiment, the outer diameter of the electrode is 34 mm, the thickness of the arc electrode 12 is 3 mm, the diameter of the recess 17 is 9 mm, the thickness of the electrode support member 14 is 5 mm,
The recess 18 becomes a through hole having a diameter of 9 mm. Further, the reinforcing plate 16 has an outer diameter of 32 mm, an inner diameter of 12 mm, and an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the electrode support 14 and a thickness of 2 mm. The area of the concave portion is 7% with respect to the area of the arc electrode 12, and the thickness of the reinforcing plate 16 is 40% with respect to the thickness of the electrode support member 14.
It is. Each spiral groove 13 shown in FIG. 3A is formed by two different arcs.

Further, the electrode rods 15 are inserted into the respective through-holes and brazed to the respective through-holes of the electrode support members 14 simultaneously with the reinforcing plate 16, but the ends of the opposing surfaces of the electrode rods 15 are connected to the electrodes. It is provided in the support part 14 so as not to reach the arc electrode 12. Since the formation of the through hole and the formation of the electrode rod can be performed with high precision, a high bonding property can be obtained and the reinforcing plate 16 is bonded at the same time, so that the production process can be shortened. In this embodiment, the joining depth of the electrode rod 15 to the electrode support member 14 is 3 mm.

FIG. 4 shows three spiral grooves 13, each of which is formed by one circular arc. One spiral groove can be formed by one to four arcs.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 5 shows an infiltration ingot 9 for collecting three integrated arc electrode members 2 and three electrode support members 3 as in the first embodiment. The manufacturing method is the same as that of the second embodiment, except that the thickness of the arc electrode member 2 and the electrode support member 3 is adjusted, and the arc electrode member 2 and the electrode support member 3 are cut at a position different from the cutting position shown in FIG. That is, in the case of FIG. 3, cutting is performed at the boundary between the arc electrode member 2 and the electrode supporting member 3, whereas in FIG. 5, cutting is performed at the arc electrode member 2 and the electrode supporting member 3.
According to this method, the number of components of the green compact for the arc electrode and the supply Cu ingot, which are the raw materials, can be reduced, the labor for setting in the refractory container can be reduced, and the production efficiency can be improved.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 6 shows a manufacturing method for collecting three arc electrode members and three electrode supporting members in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The same is true. In a refractory container, a graphite half-mold 10 having an electrode shape whose cross section is almost completed is placed inside a graphite crucible 4.
To form a double crucible structure. The inner surface of the graphite half mold 10 is coated with BN as a release agent.

The green compact 5 for the arc electrode and the supply Cu
When the ingot 6 is supplied and heated under the same conditions as in Example 1, the supply Cu ingot 6 is melted, impregnated into the pores of the green compact 5 for the arc electrode, and formed by the graphite half mold 10. Since the supply Cu ingot 6 is melted and filled, it is taken out of the graphite crucible 4 and the graphite half mold 10 after solidification, and the electrode shape almost completed, that is, the arc electrode, the electrode support, and the electrode connected thereto It is possible to obtain a plurality of electrode members in which the rods are integrated in a metallographic manner.

As described above, by using the half mold 10, this forms the almost completed electrode shape, and at the same time, plays the role of the support member 8 shown in the first embodiment. It was shown that it can be produced with high accuracy and efficiency.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 7 shows a graphite crucible 11 which is a refractory container for arranging and infiltrating a plurality of arc electrode members and electrode support members in a horizontal direction (lateral direction).
(a) is a front view, (b) is a side view. The graphite crucible 11 is a half-split type that can be divided into two parts vertically, and is used by applying BN as a release agent on the inner surface. In this case, five arc electrode members and electrode support members can be collected.

FIG. 8 shows a manufacturing method using the graphite crucible 11 shown in FIG. 7, and the manufacturing method of the arc electrode compact 5 is the same as that of the first embodiment. The graphite crucible 11 and the supply Cu ingot 6 were placed in this graphite crucible 11 in FIG.
Fill as in At this time, the inner shape of the graphite crucible 11 is such that the green compact 5 for the arc electrode and the Cu ingot 6
Since the dimensions are adapted to the respective shapes, the arc electrode compact 5 does not move or tilt in the molten Cu during infiltration, and the graphite crucible 11 also functions as a support. Therefore, desired dimensions can be obtained.

(Example 5) An example of an electrode for a vacuum valve manufactured by using an infiltration ingot obtained by the manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described.

FIGS. 9A and 9B show electrodes produced by infiltration using the materials used in Example 1, wherein FIG. 9A is a front view, and FIG. The arc electrode 12, the electrode support 14 and the electrode rod 15 are integrated in a metallographic manner. It is desirable that the arc electrode surface be flat and in contact with the counter electrode with a large area. Further, the electrode support portion 1 is connected to the arc electrode 12.
4 and has a spiral groove 13 formed from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the electrode. The spiral groove 13 is cut off at the outer peripheral end. Since this does not have a reinforcing plate, it is desirable in terms of strength that the number of spiral grooves 13 be up to three. In this embodiment, the number is four. An electrode rod 15 is integrally formed on the back surface of the electrode support 14 by infiltration. The shapes and dimensions of the arc electrode 12 and the electrode support 14 in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment. In FIG. 9, the reinforcing plate 16 is integrally formed by infiltration, but a member without the reinforcing plate 16 can be integrated by similar infiltration.

The electrode in this embodiment is a fixed-side electrode for a vacuum valve. A back conductor 39 is formed on the electrode rod 15 so as to form the thinnest diameter at the joint with the electrode support member 14. The back conductor 39 is effective for generating a magnetic field for driving an arc generated on the cutoff surface of the opposing electrode when the current is cut off, from the center of the blade defined by each spiral groove 13 to the outer periphery. . Note that the spiral groove 13 does not reach the reinforcing plate 16 and its tip is rounded.

(Embodiment 6) Table 1 shows the specifications of the vacuum valve at various ratings. The electrodes in this embodiment are the same in composition and manufacturing method as shown in Embodiments 1 and 5.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the vacuum valve of No. 1 shown in Table 1.

As shown in Table 1, the diameter of the back conductors 39a and 39b is 0.2 to 0.4, preferably 0.25 to 0.4 for the diameter of the fixed side 39a and the movable side 39b.
0.35, the latter being 0.1 to 0.2, preferably 0.1 to 0.15
Can be double the diameter. Further, in this embodiment, since the gap between the arc electrode and the arc electrode support members 32a and 32b is formed integrally by infiltration without using brazing material, the distance between the arc electrode and the insulating cylinder can be reduced. The interval can be made within 10 to 15 mm, and it can be made compact.

The diameter of the concave portion provided on the cutoff surface of each of the arc electrodes 31a and 31b is 5 to 20%, preferably 5 to 15%, more preferably 5 to 10% of the diameter of the electrode. I do. It is preferable that the diameter of the concave portions provided in the electrode support members 32a and 32b is equal to the concave portion of the arc electrode surface. Preferably, the junction depth does not reach the arc electrode 12. The brazing material is provided with a desired distance so that the brazing material does not approach the arc interruption surface by brazing.

The thickness of the arc electrodes 31a, 31b is 30 to 50% of the total thickness of the electrode supporting members 32a, 32b.
Preferably, it is 35 to 45%. Reinforcement plates 48a, 48b
Is 10 to 3 with respect to the thickness of the electrode support members 32a and 32b.
0%, preferably 15 to 25%. The strength is preferably twice or more that of the electrode rods 33a and 33b. The electrode rod 33a,
As 33b, it is preferable to use an oxygen-free copper hot-worked ordinary product. SU is used for the reinforcing plates 48a and 48b.
The S304 material is used, and the electrode rods 33a and 33b are joined together with the above-mentioned Ag solder at the same time. The concave portions of the arc electrodes 31a and 31b and the electrode support members 32a and 32b in this embodiment are formed as through holes, and then the electrode rods 33a and 33b are brazed together with the reinforcing plates 48a and 48b to the depth shown in Table 1. Is what is done.

[0054]

[Table 1]

Upper and lower seal rings 38a and 38b are formed at upper and lower openings of an insulating cylinder 35 formed of an insulating material.
Are provided to form a vacuum chamber, a fixed electrode 30a is vertically provided in the middle of the seal ring 38a, and the seal ring 38 located immediately below the fixed electrode 30a is formed.
A movable electrode rod 34 forming a part of the movable electrode 30b is provided in the middle of the movable electrode 30b so as to be movable up and down, and the arc electrode 31b of the movable electrode 30b is brought into contact with and separated from the arc electrode 31a of the fixed electrode 30a. A metal bellows 37 is provided inside the seal ring 38b located around the movable-side electrode rod 34 so as to extend and contract, and is further provided with a cylindrical shape around both of the arc electrodes. A sealing member 36 made of a metal plate is provided by a vacuum container of the insulating cylinder 35, and the sealing member 36 is configured so as not to impair the insulation of the vacuum container of the insulating cylinder 35.
8 and 9, the movable electrode 30b has the electrode rod 34 joined by a brazing material.

Further, the arc electrodes 31a and 31b are connected to the arc electrode support members 32 obtained by the above-described infiltration.
a, 32b, and electrode rods 33a, 33b
And the back conductors 39a and 39b. A glass or ceramic sintered body is used for the vacuum container formed of the insulating cylinder 35. The vacuum vessel composed of the insulating cylinder 35 is brazed to the seal rings 38a and 38b through an alloy plate having a coefficient of thermal expansion of glass or ceramics such as Kovar, and is kept at a high vacuum of 10 ^-6 mmHg or less.

In any of the electrodes, screws 45a and 45b are provided at the external conductor connection portions, and are connected to external terminals to serve as current paths. An exhaust pipe (not shown) is provided on the seal ring 38a, and is connected to a vacuum pump for exhaust. The getter is provided to absorb a small amount of gas generated inside the vacuum vessel and maintain the vacuum. The sealing member 36 has a function of adhering and cooling metal vapor on the surface of the main electrode generated by the arc, and the adhered metal has a function of maintaining a degree of vacuum having a getter function.

In the figures, 43 is the outer diameter of the insulating cylinder, 44 is its length, 41 is the diameter of the conductor behind the electrode, 40 is the diameter of the electrode body, and 42 is the thickness of the electrode. 46 is a guide, 47a,
47b is a recess called a button. The recess 47 is preferably a perfect circle having a desired depth. As shown in Table 1, the vacuum valve according to the present invention has an outer diameter, a length, a diameter of a back conductor, a diameter, a thickness, a recess diameter, a recess depth, an outer diameter of an insulating cylinder, a diameter of a back conductor, depending on a difference in rated breaking capacity. The number of spiral grooves and spirals are different.

From the diagram showing the relationship between the effective value (y) of the cut-off voltage and the outer diameter (x) of the insulating cylinder, the effective value of the cut-off voltage / current obtained by multiplying the cut-off voltage (kV) and the effective value of the cut-off current (kA) (Y) is 11.25x-525 and 5.35x-241.5.
It is preferable to set the outer diameter of the insulating cylinder with respect to the effective value of the cut-off voltage and current so as to fall between the values obtained by

From the relationship between the arc electrode diameter (mm) and the effective value of the cut-off voltage / current (× 10 ³ kVA), the arc electrode diameter (y) is 0.15 with respect to the effective value of the cut-off voltage / current (x).
It is preferable to set the value between x + 22 and 0.077x + 18.

Further, from the diagram showing the relationship between the outer diameter (y) of the insulating cylinder and the diameter (x) of the arc electrode, the outer diameter (y) of the insulating cylinder is between the values obtained from 1.26x + 10 and 1.26x + 30. It is preferable to set In this embodiment, y =
It is almost set to the value determined by 1.26x + 19.6.

Further, from the relationship between the arc electrode diameter (y) and the recess diameter (x) or the electrode back conductor diameter (x), the arc electrode diameters (y) are 2.4x + 6.4 and 2.32x-3.0. It is preferable to set the value between the values obtained by

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a vacuum circuit breaker showing an operating device using the vacuum valve 59 described in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention.

This is a small and lightweight structure in which the operation mechanism section is arranged on the front side, and three sets of three-phase epoxy resin cylinders 60 having tracking resistance which support a vacuum valve are arranged on the back side.

Each phase end is of a horizontal draw-out type supported horizontally by an epoxy resin cylinder and a vacuum valve support plate. The vacuum valve is opened and closed by an operating mechanism via an insulating operating rod 61.

The operating mechanism section is a simple, compact, lightweight electromagnetically operated mechanical tripping free mechanism. Shock is small because the opening and closing stroke is small and the mass of the movable part is small. On the front face of the main body, in addition to a manually connected secondary terminal, an open / close indicator, an operation counter, a manual trip button, a manual input device, a pull-out device, an interlock lever, and the like are arranged.

(A) Closed state The closed state of the circuit breaker is shown, and current flows through the upper terminal 62, the main electrode 30, the current collector 63, and the lower terminal 64. The contact force between the main electrodes is determined by the contact spring 6 mounted on the insulating operation rod 61.
5 is kept.

The electromagnetic force due to the contact force of the main electrode, the force of the pre-cut spring, and the short-circuit current is applied to the support lever 66 and the prop 6
7 is held. When the closing coil is excited, the plunger 68 pushes up the roller 70 via the knocking rod 69 from the open state, turns the main lever 71 to close the contact, and holds it with the support lever 66.

(B) Free trip state The movable main electrode is moved downward by the separating operation, and an arc is generated from the moment the fixed and movable main electrodes are separated. The arc is extinguished in a short time due to the high dielectric strength in a vacuum and the vigorous diffusion action.

When the trip coil 72 is excited, the trip lever 73 disengages the prop 67 and the main lever 71
Is turned by the force of the quick-release spring to open the main electrode. This operation is a mechanical trip-free operation that is performed irrespective of the presence or absence of a closing operation.

(C) Open circuit state After the main electrode is opened, the link is returned by the reset spring 74, and at the same time, the prop 67 is engaged. When the closing coil 75 is excited in this state, the closed state shown in FIG. 76 is an exhaust pipe.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a vacuum valve. FIG.
The difference from 0 is that the fixed electrode 30 of the vacuum valve electrode is different.
a and electrode rods 33a, 3b provided with arc shielding plates 80a, 80b at the back conductors 39a, 39b of the movable electrode 30b.
3b. Other structures are the same as those described with reference to FIG. Also in FIG. 11, three or four spiral slit grooves are provided on the electrode facing surface so as to pass through the arc electrodes 31a and 31b and the arc electrode support members 32a and 32b. Further, the electrode rods 33a, 33b are brazed to the arc electrode support members 32a, 32b. The vacuum valve of the present embodiment is suitable for a valve having a large breaking capacity.

The diameter of the recesses 47a, 47b of the button is made equal to the diameter of the back conductors 39a, 39b.

The diameter of the arc shielding plates 80a and 80b is set to be equal to or smaller than the diameter of the electrode, and one or more arc shielding plates may be provided. As a result, heat generated in the electrodes can be dissipated, and a small-sized and large-capacity cutoff can be achieved.

[0075]

According to the present invention, an electrode having a structure with high productivity and high reliability, and an electrode for a vacuum valve, a vacuum valve and a vacuum switch using the same can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an infiltration ingot obtained by a manufacturing method according to Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view (a) and a cross-sectional view (b) showing the structure of an electrode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing another structure of the electrode according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an infiltration ingot obtained by the manufacturing method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a fireproof container used in a manufacturing method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a front view and a cross-sectional view of a vacuum valve electrode having a spiral groove according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a vacuum valve according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of a vacuum circuit breaker according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a vacuum valve having another structure according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 7, 9 ... infiltration ingot, 2 ... arc electrode member, 3, 1
4, 32a, 32b: electrode supporting member, 4, 11: graphite crucible, 5: green compact for arc electrode, 6: supply Cu ingot, 8: graphite support, 10: graphite half-split type, 1
2, 31a, 31b: arc electrode, 13: spiral groove, 15, 33a, 33b: electrode rod, 16: reinforcing plate, 3
0a: fixed electrode, 30b: movable electrode, 35: insulating cylinder,
36: sealing member, 37: bellows, 38a, 38b ...
Seal ring, 39a, 39b back conductor, 47 button, 60 epoxy resin cylinder, 61 insulated operating rod,
62: upper terminal, 63: current collector, 64: lower terminal, 65
... contact spring, 66 ... support lever, 68 ... plunger, 7
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main lever, 72 ... Release coil, 75 ... Input coil, 76 ... Exhaust cylinder, 80a, 80b ... Arc shielding plate.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masato Kobayashi 1-1-1, Kokubuncho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Kokubu Office, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasuaki Suzuki 1-1-1, Kokubuncho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 1 Hitachi Kokubu Works, Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshio Koguchi 1-1-1, Kokubuncho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Kokubu Works, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Katsuhiro Komuro Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 7-1-1, Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Noboru Baba 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture F-term in Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. F-term (reference) 5G026 BA05 BB02 BB02 BB03 BB04 BB08 BB09 BB10 BB12 BB14 BB15 BB16 BB30 BC04 CA01 CB02 CC05 DA01 DB02

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. An electrode for interrupting a current, the electrode comprising an arc electrode made of an alloy containing refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal serving as a surface for interrupting the current, and a highly conductive electrode supporting the arc electrode. An electrode support portion made of metal, and an electrode rod connected to the electrode support portion and having a smaller diameter portion than the electrode support portion, wherein the arc electrode and the electrode support portion are integrally formed by the highly conductive metal. The electrode, wherein the electrode rod is inserted into a recess provided in the electrode support and brazed, and the recess is formed so as not to penetrate the electrode support. 2. An electrode for interrupting a current, the electrode comprising an arc electrode made of an alloy containing refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal serving as a surface for interrupting the current, and a highly conductive electrode supporting the arc electrode. The electrode support portion made of metal, the arc electrode and the electrode support portion are integrally formed by the highly conductive metal, and a plurality of grooves formed from the inner circumferential side to the outer circumferential side of the electrode on the blocking surface are formed. The arc electrode, wherein a concave portion is formed in a center portion of the blocking surface, and the depth of the concave portion is 50% or more of the thickness of the arc electrode. 3. An electrode for interrupting a current, wherein the electrode is an arc electrode made of an alloy containing refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal serving as a surface for interrupting the current, and a highly conductive electrode supporting the arc electrode. The electrode support portion made of metal, the arc electrode and the electrode support portion are integrally formed by the highly conductive metal, and the electrode support portion is formed on the opposite side of the blocking surface from the highly conductive metal. An electrode, wherein a non-magnetic reinforcing member having high strength is provided, and the thickness of the reinforcing member is 30 to 50% of the thickness of the electrode support portion. 4. An electrode for interrupting current, comprising: an arc electrode made of an alloy containing refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal; and an electrode support made of a highly conductive metal for supporting the arc electrode. The arc electrode and the electrode support are integrally formed by the highly conductive metal, and have a through-hole passing through the arc electrode and the electrode support at the center of the electrode. An electrode characterized in that the thickness is greater than the thickness of the arc electrode. 5. An electrode for interrupting a current, the electrode comprising an arc electrode made of an alloy containing refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal serving as a surface for interrupting the current, and a highly conductive electrode supporting the arc electrode. An electrode support made of metal, and an electrode rod having a smaller diameter portion than the electrode support in the vicinity connected to the electrode support, wherein the arc electrode and the electrode support are integrated by the highly conductive metal. A non-magnetic reinforcing member having a strength higher than that of the highly conductive metal is provided on a surface of the electrode supporting portion opposite to the blocking surface, and the electrode rod is provided on the electrode supporting portion. An electrode inserted into the recessed portion and brazed together with the reinforcing member. 6. An electrode for interrupting a current, the electrode comprising an arc electrode made of an alloy containing refractory metal particles and a highly conductive metal, and a narrower portion near the arc electrode than the arc electrode connected to the arc electrode. A non-magnetic reinforcing member having a strength higher than that of the arc electrode is provided on a surface of the arc electrode opposite to the cut-off surface, and the electrode bar is provided with the arc electrode and the reinforcing member. Characterized in that the electrode is brazed together with the arc electrode and the reinforcing member to the through holes provided in the electrode. 7. An electrode rod having a back conductor portion having a smaller diameter than the electrode support portion and an outer conductor connection portion having a larger diameter than the back conductor portion is joined to the electrode support portion by a brazing material. Item 6. The electrode according to any one of Items 1 to 5. 8. The refractory metal is Cr, W, Mo and Ta.
The electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrode is made of one or a mixture of two or more of the above, and the highly conductive metal is made of a metal made of one of Cu, Ag and Au or an alloy mainly containing these metals. . 9. The arc electrode is made of Cr, W, Mo and Ta.
And a total amount of 20 to 80% by weight of one or more of Cu2 and Cu2
9. The electrode according to claim 8, comprising a composite alloy containing 0 to 80% by weight. 10. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the arc electrode, the arc electrode and the electrode support or the electrode support and the electrode rod are integrally formed by melting and solidifying the highly conductive metal. 11. The electrode support or the electrode support and the electrode rod are formed of Cr, Ag, W, V, Nb, Mo, Ta, Zr, S
The electrode according to claim 10, wherein the total amount of one or more of i, Be, Co, and Fe is equal to or less than 2.5% by weight and an alloy with Cu, Ag, or Au. 12. A vacuum valve electrode comprising a fixed electrode and a movable electrode for interrupting a current in a vacuum vessel, wherein the fixed electrode and the movable electrode are any one of claims 1 to 11. Electrodes for vacuum valves consisting of electrodes. 13. A vacuum valve having a fixed side electrode and a movable side electrode in a vacuum vessel, wherein the fixed side electrode and the movable side electrode are the electrodes according to claim 12. 14. A vacuum valve having a fixed side electrode and a movable side electrode in a vacuum container, and a conductor connected to each of the fixed side electrode and the movable side electrode inside the vacuum valve outside the vacuum valve. In a vacuum switch provided with a terminal and opening / closing means for driving the movable electrode, the vacuum valve is connected to the vacuum switch.
A vacuum switch comprising the vacuum valve according to 1.