JP2001108905A - Stereoscopic microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized stereoscopic microscope of good operability which optimally realizes simultaneous observation of a microscopic image and an image in accordance with the properties of the image by simply switching to superimpose the microscopic image and the image displayed on an image displaying means, to superimpose the image on part of the microscopic image and to switch to the microscopic image or the image. SOLUTION: In the stereoscopic microscope realizing simultaneous observation of the image of an object 1 to be observed and an image displayed on a small monitor 5, a luminous flux from the object 1 and that from the monitor 5 are respectively polarized in directions 4 and 8 different from each other, then both of the luminous fluxes are superimposed on each other and separated again or one of the luminous fluxes are separated by utilizing the difference of the polarizing directions of both of these superimposed luminous fluxes. Thus, it is possible to simultaneously observe the image of the object 1 and the image displayed on the monitor 5 or to select one of the images so as to observe only one of them.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a stereo microscope such as a surgical microscope suitable for simultaneously observing an observation image of an observation object and an image displayed on an image display means.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, stereoscopic microscopes such as surgical microscopes have been used in surgical operations such as neurosurgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, etc., and provide an observer with a magnified observation of the operative area to improve the efficiency of the operation. Plays an important role. In recent years, not only magnified images of the operative site with a stereoscopic microscope, but also C
Intraoperative medical images such as tomographic images, endoscopic observation images by T / MR / ultrasonic waves, and images of a navigation system as a surgical operation support device can be obtained. Therefore, it is desired to be able to simultaneously observe an observation image of an observation object and various images such as a CT / MR / ultrasonic tomographic image, an endoscopic observation image, and a navigation system image while looking through a stereomicroscope during surgery. . Conventionally, the following two means are known as means for simultaneously observing other images while looking through such a stereomicroscope.

The technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-333047 discloses a technique in which a minus portion of a microscope observation image is shielded, and an image displayed on an image display means is projected on the minus portion using a projection optical system. The image can be observed simultaneously with a part of the microscope observation image. Also, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
The technique described in JP-A-215971 is to superimpose an optical path of a microscope optical system and a light beam emitted from an image displayed on an image display means using an optical path synthesizing means, and form an image together with a common imaging optical system. The image displayed on the image display means is superimposed on the observation image so that the image can be simultaneously observed as an overlapped image. The former method is suitable for simultaneous observation using a combination of an endoscopic image and a microscope observation image, in which images are spoiled when observed as a precise image or an image overlapping with another image. This method is suitable for observing a simple image, a navigation image, and the like simultaneously with a microscope observation image.

[0004]

However, when the above two technologies are combined so that various images can be simultaneously observed with an observation device according to the characteristics of the images, the two technologies are installed in a stereomicroscope housing. Since the optical element of the means described in (1) must be built in, the size becomes very large. In a stereomicroscope, particularly a surgical microscope, it is essential to reduce the size of the microscope section in order to improve workability.
In combination with the technique of 15971, miniaturization was not possible.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and a simple image is formed by superimposing a microscopic image and an image displayed on an image display means, a part of the microscopic image, a microscopic image by simple switching. And switch between images and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact stereo microscope that enables simultaneous observation of an optimal microscope image and an image in accordance with the properties of the image, and that has good workability.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stereoscopic microscope capable of simultaneously observing an observation image of an observation object and an image displayed on an image display means. In the luminous flux from the observation object,
After giving each of the light beams from the image display means a different polarization direction, the two light beams are superimposed and separated again using the difference in the polarization directions of the superposed two light beams, or one of the light beams is separated. The selection is characterized in that the observation image of the observation object and the image displayed on the image display means are simultaneously observed, or one of the images is selected so that only one of them can be observed. According to this configuration, the optical system of the stereoscopic microscope can be shared by temporarily superimposing the light beam from the observation object and the light beam from the image display means, so that the optical system for the light beam from the image display means can be omitted, and Can be reduced in size and weight. Above all, the difference between the polarization characteristics of the two light beams can be used to separate and select the overlapping light beams again, so that the observer can observe both images at the same time, or select any one of the images and observe separately can do.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the stereoscopic microscope according to the first aspect, wherein the first polarizing means for imparting a polarization characteristic to the light beam from the observation object is disposed on the optical path from the observation object. The second polarizing means for causing the light flux from the image display means to have a polarization direction in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of the light flux from the observation object transmitted through the first polarizing means is provided by the light from the image display means. The light beams transmitted through the first and second polarizing means are superposed by an optical path synthesizing means, and the third light beam is superimposed on the light path on which both light beams are superimposed.
By arranging a polarizing means and selecting a light flux transmitted through the third polarizing means from a light flux from the observation object and a light flux from the image display means based on the polarization characteristics of the third polarizing means, the observation of the observation object is achieved. It is characterized in that any one of the image and the image displayed on the image display means can be selected and observed. According to this configuration, the optical system of the stereoscopic microscope can be shared by temporarily superimposing the light beam from the observation object and the light beam from the image display means, so that the optical system for the light beam from the image display means can be omitted, and Can be reduced in size and weight. In particular, the observer can select one of the images by arbitrarily selecting an overlapped light beam by matching the polarization direction of the image light beam whose polarization characteristic (direction) of the third polarizing means is desired to be obtained. Can be observed separately.

The stereoscopic microscope according to a third aspect of the present invention is the stereoscopic microscope according to the first aspect, wherein the light flux from the observation object is obtained by using a polarized light path combining means in which the direction of linear polarization is orthogonal to the direction of transmission and reflection. And the light beams from the image display means are superimposed on each other, and the polarization directions of the two light beams after the superposition are made orthogonal to each other. A third polarizing means is arranged on the superposed optical path, and Due to its polarization characteristics,
By selecting the light flux transmitted through the polarizing means from the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means, one of the observation image of the observation object and the image displayed on the image display means is selected and observed. It is characterized by being made possible.
According to this configuration, the first polarizing means and the second polarizing means are unnecessary as in the stereoscopic microscope according to the second aspect, while having the same effect as that of the stereoscopic microscope according to the second aspect.
The number of parts can be reduced. Further, since both light beams can be superimposed without passing through the polarizing means, loss of the light amount of both light beams can be prevented, and a bright observation image can be provided to the observer.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First Embodiment FIG. 1 is an arrangement diagram of an optical system of a surgical microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 1 is an observation object, 2 is an objective optical system, 3
Is a first polarizing plate, 4 is a polarization direction of a light beam from an observation object after passing through the first polarizing plate, 5 is a small monitor as image display means, 6 is an image projection optical system, 7 is a second polarizing plate,
8 is a polarization direction of a light beam emitted from the small monitor 5 after passing through the second polarizing plate 7, 9 is a beam splitter,
Reference numeral 10 denotes an imaging optical system, 11 denotes a polarization direction of a light beam from the observation object 1 superimposed by the beam splitter 9, and 12 denotes a polarization direction of a light beam from the small monitor 5 superimposed by the beam splitter 9. , 13 are rotatable third polarizers, and 14 is the third polarizer 1
3 shows the polarization direction of the light beam after passing through it. In this case, the transmitted light beam becomes a light beam from the observation object 1 and
When the polarizing plate 13 is rotated by 90 °, it becomes a light beam from the small monitor 5. When the third polarizing plate 13 is rotated by 45 °, the light beam from the observation object 1 and the light beam from the small monitor 5 are mixed. Reference numeral 15 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and reference numeral 16 denotes an observer.

That is, in the surgical microscope of the present embodiment, the first
The polarizing plate 3 is disposed on an optical path from the observation object 1 as first polarizing means for giving a light beam from the observation object 1 polarization characteristics. Further, the second polarizing plate 7 applies the polarization direction 8 to the light beam from the small monitor 5 as the image display means in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction 4 of the light beam from the observation object 1 transmitted through the first polarization means 3. As the second polarizing means to be provided, it is arranged on the optical path from the small monitor 5. Further, the beam splitter 9 is configured as an optical path synthesizing unit so as to overlap the respective light beams transmitted through the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 7. Further, the third polarizing plate 13
A third polarizing means is disposed on an optical path where both light beams are superimposed. Then, the luminous flux emitted from the observation object 1,
The light beams emitted from the small monitor 5 pass through the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 6, respectively, are given polarization directions orthogonal to each other, and are superimposed via the beam splitter 9 while the polarization directions are different from each other. After passing through the optical system 10, it is configured to be selected by the third polarizing plate 13 and magnified and observed by the observer 16 via the eyepiece optical system 15. Further, by selecting the light flux transmitted through the third polarizing plate 13 from the light flux from the observation object 1 and the light flux from the small monitor 5 based on the polarization characteristics of the third polarizing plate 13, the observation image of the observation object 1 is obtained. And any one of the images displayed on the small monitor 5 can be selected and observed.

Since the microscope of this embodiment is constructed as described above, the light beams once overlap each other, and the image forming optical system 1
The images that can be observed by the observer 16 while sharing 0 and the like are not only the superimposed images of the observation image of the observation object 1 and the images displayed on the small monitor 5, but also the observation images of the observation object 1 or the small monitor 5. Can be observed. Also,
The third polarizing plate 13 is configured to be able to be arbitrarily rotated by the observer 16, and the polarization direction of the third polarizing plate 13 can be changed by the rotation.
The observation image of the observation object 1, the image displayed on the small monitor 5, and the superimposed image of both images can be arbitrarily switched and selected. In this embodiment, both overlapping light beams are linearly polarized light and their directions are orthogonal to each other, but they may be circularly polarized light and clockwise and counterclockwise.

Second Embodiment FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In order to show the improvement added to the third polarizing plate of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. 1, mainly the configuration around the third polarizing plate is shown. FIG. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 17 is an imaging optical system,
Reference numeral 18 denotes the polarization state of the two superposed light beams, reference numeral 19 denotes a third polarizing plate, and the polarization characteristics (directions) of the portions indicated by 20 and 21 are different by 90 °. Also, 22
Is an observation image formed by forming a light beam transmitted through a portion indicated by 20 on the third polarizing plate 19, and 23 is formed by forming an image formed by a light beam transmitted through a portion indicated by 21 on the third polarizing plate 19. It is an observation image to make. Reference numeral 15 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and reference numeral 16 denotes an observer. That is, in the present embodiment, the third polarizing plate 19 has partially different polarization characteristics, and when the overlapping light flux is transmitted through the third polarizing means 19, the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means are changed. It can be partially separated.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, the third embodiment
Since the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 19 is partially different, the transmitted light flux is also partially different, and a part of the observation image of the observation object is formed into an image, and a part of the image is formed into an observation image of the observation object. The two images can be simultaneously observed by partially switching different images.

Third Embodiment FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. In order to show the improvement added to the third polarizer of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. 1, mainly the configuration around the third polarizer is shown. FIG. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 26 is an imaging optical system, 27
Is the polarization state of the two superposed light beams, 28 is a third polarization means, a polarization beam splitter whose polarization direction is orthogonal to the reflection and transmission directions, and 29 is the second polarization means of the imaging optical system 26.
A group lens, 30 is an observation image formed by forming a light beam transmitted through the polarizing beam splitter 28, 31 is a prism for deflecting the light beam reflected by the polarizing beam splitter 28, 32
Is an observation image formed by forming a light beam reflected by the polarization beam splitter 28 and the prism 31, and 33 is two observation images 3.
An eyepiece optical system for magnifying and observing 0 and 32, and 16 denotes an observer, respectively.

Since the present embodiment is constructed in this manner, the light flux from the observation object which has once overlapped and the small monitor 5
Is separated by reflection and transmission by one polarization beam splitter 28, so that the respective images can be projected to mutually independent locations, and simultaneous observation of both images can be performed.

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In order to show the improvement added to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. FIG. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 35 is an imaging optical system, 36
Is a polarization state of the two superposed light beams, 37 is an image forming position of the image forming optical system 35, 38 is a third polarizing plate disposed on or near the image forming position 37, and 39 is a third polarizing plate 38.
, The polarization direction differs by 90 °, 40 is the eyepiece optical system, 16 is the observer, 42 is the observation image observed by the observer 16, and 43 is the observation image 42 observed by the observer 16. Among them, an observation image formed by a light beam transmitted through a portion 39 in which only a part of the third polarizing plate 38 has a polarization direction different by 90 °,
Reference numeral 44 denotes an observation image formed by a light beam transmitted through a portion other than the portion 39 in which the polarization direction differs only by 90 ° in the third polarizing plate.

In this embodiment, the light beam is separated on the image forming plane, and the boundary between the images is formed when the different images are partially switched and the two images are simultaneously observed. I can make it clear.

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In order to show the improvement added to the third polarizer of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. 4, mainly the configuration around the third polarizer is shown. FIG. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 45 is an imaging optical system, 46
Is the polarization state of the two superposed light beams, 47 is the imaging position of the imaging optical system 45, 48 is the eyepiece optical system, 49 is the range that can be observed with the eyepiece optical system 48, and 50 is the range that can be observed with the eyepiece optical system 48. The third polarizing plate 51, which is 1.5 to 2 times larger in diameter than 49, is arranged on the image forming position 47, and is slidable on the image forming surface, is one of the third polarizing plates 50. Only the part where the polarization direction differs by 90 °,
Reference numeral 16 denotes an observer, 53 denotes an observation image observed by the observer 16, and 54 denotes an observation image 53 observed by the observer 16, and only a part of the third polarizing plate 50 has a polarization direction of 90 °.
An observation image 55 formed by a light beam transmitted through a different portion 51 and an observation image 55 formed by a light beam transmitted through a portion other than the portion 51 in which the polarization direction of the third polarizing plate differs only by 90 ° are respectively shown.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, in addition to the effects obtained in the fourth embodiment, different images are partially switched by sliding the third polarizing plate to simultaneously observe both images. And the size ratio of both images can be changed

Sixth Embodiment FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In order to show the improvement added to the third polarizer of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. 1, mainly the configuration around the third polarizer is shown. FIG. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, reference numeral 56 denotes an imaging optical system,
Is the polarization state of the two superposed light beams, 58 is the third polarizing plate that has moved out of the optical path where the two light beams are superimposed, and 5
Reference numeral 9 denotes an observation image formed by forming two superimposed light beams to form a superimposed image of each other, reference numeral 60 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and reference numeral 16 denotes an observer.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, the third embodiment
When the polarizing plate 58 is moved out of the optical path where the two light beams are superimposed, the stereoscopic light beam and the image light beam that have been once overlapped are not separated again through the polarizing plate, so that the two images can be simultaneously observed as a superimposed bright superimposed image. it can.

Seventh Embodiment FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention. In order to show the improvement added to the third polarizer of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. FIG. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 62 is an imaging optical system, 63
Denotes a polarization state of the two superposed light beams, 64 denotes a third polarizing plate, and 65 denotes a λ / 2 plate. The λ / 2 plate 65 is disposed immediately before the third polarizing plate 64 when viewed from the object side. 66 is an overlapping portion of the third polarizing plate 64 and the λ / 2 plate 65;
Reference numeral 7 denotes an observation image formed by forming a light beam transmitted only through the third polarizing plate 64, and reference numeral 68 denotes a third polarizing plate 64 and a λ / 2 plate 65.
Is an observation image formed by forming an image of the light beam transmitted through the overlapping portion 66 of FIG. Reference numeral 69 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and reference numeral 16 denotes an observer.

In this embodiment, since the light beam from the observation object and the light beam from the small monitor once pass through the λ / 2 plate 65, the polarization direction changes by 90 °. Therefore, the observation image and the image of the observation object can be switched without rotating the third polarizing plate 64. Further, by disposing the λ / 2 plate 65 so as to be movable, only the light beam transmitted through the λ / 2 plate 65 changes the polarization direction, and a part of the observation image of the observation object is converted into an image, or conversely, the image is changed. For example, a part of the image can be an observation image of an observation object, or different images can be partially switched to simultaneously observe both images.

Eighth Embodiment FIG. 8 shows an eighth embodiment of the present invention. In order to show the improvement added to the third polarizer of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. 1, the configuration mainly around the third polarizer is shown. FIG. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 71 is a beam splitter, 72 is an imaging optical system, 73 is a polarization state of two superposed light beams, 74 is a third polarizing plate, and 75 is a voltage ON / OFF.
A liquid crystal plate that can change the polarization direction of a light beam that is transmitted when turned off, such as that used in a transmission type liquid crystal monitor. The liquid crystal plate 75 is disposed immediately before the third polarizing plate 74 when viewed from the object side. 76 is a range where the polarization of the liquid crystal plate 75 is changed and the third polarizing plate 74 is overlapped, 77 is a controller for controlling the liquid crystal plate 75, and 78 is a range where the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate 75 is not changed. An observation image 79 formed by forming a light beam transmitted through the range where the three polarizing plates 74 overlap is transmitted through the range where the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate 75 is changed and the range where the third polarizing plate is overlapped. Observation image created by luminous flux imaging, 8
Reference numeral 0 denotes an eyepiece optical system, reference numeral 16 denotes an observer, reference numeral 82 denotes a small monitor, which is connected to a controller 77 and displays a necessary image on a portion 83 corresponding to a portion where the voltage of the liquid crystal plate 75 is ON. 84 denotes an image projection optical system, and 85 denotes a second polarizing plate.

In this embodiment, since the light beam from the object to be observed and the light beam from the image display means (small monitor 82) once overlap each other, the liquid crystal plate 7
Since the polarization direction changes only for the light flux transmitted through the portion where the polarization characteristic of 5 has been changed, a different image may be obtained, such as making a part of the observation image of the observation object into an image or conversely making a part of the image an observation image of the observation object. Can be partially switched for simultaneous observation. In addition, the controller 77 that simultaneously controls the liquid crystal plate 75 also controls the small monitor 82 at the same time, and displays an image on the image display portion 83 of the small monitor 82 corresponding to the portion where the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate 75 is changed. In addition, it is possible to prevent an image to be viewed from being displayed with vignetting.

Ninth Embodiment FIG. 9 is an arrangement diagram of an optical system of an observation apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the drawing, reference numeral 86 denotes an observation object, 87 denotes an objective optical system, 88 denotes a polarization beam splitter having different polarization directions for transmission and reflection, 89 denotes an imaging optical system, 89.5 denotes a polarization state of two superposed light beams, 90 Is the third polarizing plate and 90.5 is the third polarizing plate.
The polarization direction of the light beam transmitted through the polarizing plate, 91 is an eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 93 is a small monitor, and 94 is an image projection optical system.

That is, in the observation apparatus of this embodiment, the observation object 86 is formed by using the polarization beam splitter 88 as the polarization light path combining means in which the linear polarization directions are orthogonal to each other in transmission and reflection.
And the light flux from the small monitor 93 as the image display means are superimposed on each other, and the polarization directions of the superposed light fluxes are made orthogonal to each other. Are located. Also, from the polarization characteristics of the third polarizing means 90, the third polarizing means 9
By selecting the light flux passing through 0 from the light flux from the observation object 86 and the light flux from the small monitor 93, one of the observation image of the observation object and the image displayed on the image display means is selected and observed. I can do it.

Since the observation apparatus of this embodiment is constructed as described above, the first polarizing plate 3, the second polarizing plate 7, and the beam splitter 9 shown in FIG.
As shown in (1), a single polarizing beam splitter 88 can be used, and the number of components of two polarizing plates can be reduced while having the same effect as in the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, both the light flux from the observation object 1 and the light flux from the small monitor 5 shown in FIG. 1 are reduced twice in amount via the polarizing plates 3 and 7 and the beam splitter 9. In FIG. 9, as shown in FIG. 9, the amount of light in this portion can be reduced only once through the polarizing beam splitter 88 to provide a bright observation image. Further, the small monitor 93 in the present embodiment is replaced in advance with a liquid crystal monitor having a polarization characteristic in the emitted light, and the emitted light is previously set in the same direction as the polarization direction given when the reflected light is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 88. By arranging them, it is possible to prevent the light amount loss in the polarization beam splitter 88.

Tenth Embodiment FIGS. 10 and 11 show a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an arrangement diagram of the optical system of the binocular tube portion of the present embodiment. FIG. 10A is a front view of the arrangement of the optical system of the binocular tube portion of the present embodiment, and FIG. 10B is a diagram viewed from the side. 5 in the figure
00 is an imaging optical system, 501 is a deflecting mirror, 95 is an image rotator, 96 is a deflecting prism that reflects internally three times, 97 is a first polarizing plate as first polarizing means, and 98 is a small-sized electronic image display means. A monitor, 99 is a deflecting prism, 100 is an image projection optical system for projecting an image displayed on the small monitor 98 to an imaging position of the binocular tube imaging optical system 500, 101 is a deflecting mirror, and 102 is a second polarizing means. A certain second polarizing plate, 103 is a beam splitter, 104
Is an image forming position of the image forming optical system 500, 105 is a third polarizing plate which is a third polarizing means disposed on the image forming position 104,
Reference numeral 106 denotes an eyepiece optical system, 16 denotes an observer, and 108 denotes a surgical microscope main body.

The light beam emitted from the operating microscope main body 108 passes through the imaging optical system 500, the deflecting mirror 501, the image rotator 95, the deflecting prism 96, etc., and forms an image at the imaging position 104 immediately before the eyepiece optical system 106. However, a polarization direction that is transmitted through the first polarizing plate 97 on the way is given. The light beam emitted from the small monitor 98 passes through the deflecting prism 99, the image projection optical system 100, the deflecting mirror 101, etc., and forms an image at the image forming position 104, but passes through the second polarizing plate 102 on the way. , A polarization direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of the light beam emitted from the operating microscope main body 108 is given. Then, these two light beams are overlapped by the beam splitter 103, further, entirely or partially selected by the third polarizing plate 105, and finally observed by the observer 16.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing that the binocular tube portion of FIG. 10 is configured to be detachable from the main body of the surgical microscope. In FIG. 11, 109 is an observation object, 110 is a surgical microscope main body, 111 is a binocular tube unit incorporating the optical system shown in FIG. 10, 112 is a normal binocular tube unit, and 113 is an eye of an observer. Each is shown. The binocular tube unit 111 and the ordinary binocular tube unit 112 shown in FIG. 10 are detachable from the surgical microscope main body 110.

Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, the effects described in the above-described embodiments 1 to 9 can be obtained by changing the optical system of only the binocular tube without changing the structure of the surgical microscope main body. Further, the binocular tube unit 11 shown in FIG.
1 and the normal binocular tube unit 112 can be systematically exchanged. For an observer who does not need to simultaneously observe the observation image and the image of the operation microscope, the operation microscope main body remains the same and the normal operation microscope main body remains the same. Observation with a binocular tube unit can be provided. In particular, surgical microscopes are often used jointly in one medical facility for neurosurgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, etc., and the use form differs depending on each department. A microscope for use can be provided.

If the beam splitter 103 in this embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is constituted by a polarizing beam splitter, the necessity of providing the first and second polarizing plates can be eliminated, and the number of parts can be reduced accordingly. be able to. Further, the double light quantity loss due to the light passing through the polarizing plate and the beam splitter can be reduced to only one light quantity loss due to the polarizing beam splitter, and a bright observation image can be provided to the observer.

Eleventh Embodiment FIGS. 12 and 13 show an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an arrangement diagram of the optical system of the intermediate lens barrel according to the present embodiment. In the drawing, reference numeral 114 denotes a light beam emitted from an operating microscope main body (not shown); 115, a deflecting mirror; 116, a front group of an afocal relay optical system; 117, a deflecting prism;
Is a polarizing beam splitter, which is a polarized light path combining means provided in place of the first and second polarizing means, 119 is an intermediate image point of the afocal relay optical system, and 120 is an intermediate image point of the afocal relay optical system. A third polarizing plate as a third polarizing means disposed; 121, a rear group of an afocal relay optical system; 123, a light beam incident on a binocular tube optical system (not shown); 124, a small monitor as electronic image display means;
Reference numeral 125 denotes an image projection optical system for projecting an image displayed on the small monitor 124 to an intermediate image point 119 of the afocal relay optical system.

Light beam 11 emitted from the operating microscope main body
Numeral 4 forms an image at an imaging position 119 of the afocal relay optical system via the deflecting mirror 115 and the front group 116 of the afocal relay optical system. Has been given. The light beam emitted from the small monitor 124 is also imaged at the intermediate imaging position 119 via the image projection optical system 125, but is transmitted through the polarizing beam splitter 118 on the way to emit the light beam from the surgical microscope main body. Are provided with a polarization direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of, and are superposed on each other. Then, the superposed light flux is entirely or partially selected by the third polarizing plate 120, and finally incident on the binocular tube optical system,
Observed by the observer.

FIG. 13 is a view showing that the intermediate lens barrel of FIG. 12 is configured to be detachable between the surgical microscope main body and the binocular tube. Reference numeral 126 in FIG.
Reference numeral 127 denotes an operation microscope main body, 128 denotes an intermediate lens unit incorporating the optical system shown in FIG. 12, 129 denotes a normal binocular tube unit, and 16 denotes an observer.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, the optical system of only the intermediate lens barrel can be changed without changing the configurations of the surgical microscope main body and the binocular tube, and the first to third embodiments can be modified.
9, the intermediate barrel unit 128 shown in FIG. 13 is detachable between the surgical microscope main body 127 and the binocular barrel unit 129, and the surgical microscope observation image and the image are simultaneously observed. The observer who does not need can provide the observation with the normal binocular tube unit while the operating microscope main body remains the same. In particular, surgical microscopes are often used jointly in one medical facility for neurosurgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, etc., and the use form differs depending on each department. A microscope for use can be provided.

Twelfth Embodiment FIG. 14 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of a surgical microscope according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 131 is an observation object, 132
, An objective optical system; 133, a variable power optical system; 134, a polarization beam splitter whose polarization direction differs between transmission and reflection;
Reference numeral 5 denotes an afocal relay optical system, 136 denotes a front group of the afocal relay optical system 135, 137 denotes a rear group of the afocal relay optical system 135, and 138 denotes a binocular tube optical system. A third polarizing plate is built in. 139 is an observer's eye, 140 is a small monitor, 14
Reference numeral 1 denotes an image projection optical system, 142 denotes a CCD, and 143 denotes an imaging optical system.

The polarization beam splitter 13 in this embodiment
Reference numeral 4 denotes a function of guiding a part of the light beam from the observation object 131 to the CCD 142, and giving orthogonal polarization directions to the light beam of the other part from the observation object 131 and the light beam from the small monitor 140, and superimposing them. The function of leading to the front group 136 of the focal relay optical system 135 is simultaneously performed.
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the first and second polarizers can be omitted while having the effects described in the first to ninth embodiments. As a result, a very bright microscope observation image and a simultaneous observation of the image can be provided to the observer.

Thirteenth Embodiment FIG. 15 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of a surgical microscope according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 503 is an observation object, 144
Is an objective optical system, 145 is a variable power optical system, 146 is a polarization beam splitter having different polarization directions for transmission and reflection, 14.
7, an afocal relay optical system; 148, an intermediate image point of the afocal relay optical system 147; 149, a third polarizer disposed on or near the intermediate image point 148;
Is a beam splitter, 151 is a binocular tube optical system, 16
Is an observer, 153 is a small monitor serving as image display means,
Reference numeral 154 denotes an image projection optical system that projects an image displayed on the small monitor 153 to an intermediate image point 148 of the afocal relay optical system 147. Objective optical system 14
Numeral 4 receives the light beam from the observation object 503 and emits it as an afocal light beam. The afocal relay optical system 147 is configured to form an image of the afocal light beam from the objective optical system 144 at least once and emit the afocal light beam. The binocular tube optical system 151 is
A binocular tube imaging optical system 151a that re-images the afocal light beam incident on the binocular tube from the afocal relay optical system 147; It is composed of

The light beam from the observation object 503 is applied to the objective optical system 1
44, variable power optical system 145, afocal relay optical system 1
An image is formed at the image forming position 148 of the afocal relay optical system 147 through the front group 147 a of the 47, and a polarization direction that is transmitted through the polarizing beam splitter 146 is given in the middle of the image. The light beam emitted from the small monitor 153 also forms an image at the intermediate image forming position 148 via the image projection optical system 154, but passes through the polarizing beam splitter 146 on the way, and is polarized by the light beam emitted from the observation object 503. Polarization directions orthogonal to the directions are given and superimposed on each other. Then, the superimposed light beam is entirely or partially selected by the third polarizing plate 149, and finally the two binocular tube optical systems 1
It is incident on 51 and is observed by two observers. In the present embodiment, two binocular tubes are connected, but it may be configured so that more can be connected.

Since the operating microscope of this embodiment is constructed in this manner, a pair of small monitors, an image projection optical system, a polarizing beam splitter, a third
It is not necessary to provide a polarizing plate, and a single small monitor, a polarizing beam splitter, an image projection optical system, and a third polarizing plate can be used to provide a plurality of observers with a plurality of observers via a plurality of binocular tubes and a microscopic observation image for surgery. Simultaneous observation can be provided, and a very miniaturized surgical microscope can be provided.

In this embodiment, the variable magnification optical system and the afocal relay optical system of the surgical microscope optical system are each one.
Although two optical systems are provided, as shown in FIG. 16, the same effect as that of the configuration shown in FIG. 15 can be obtained only by adding one set of polarizing beam splitter, image projection optical system, and small monitor. In FIG. 16, reference numeral 505 denotes an observation object,
Reference numeral 06 denotes an objective optical system, 507 denotes a variable power optical system, 508 denotes a polarizing beam splitter, 509 denotes an afocal relay optical system, 510 denotes a third polarizing plate, 511 denotes a beam splitter, 515 denotes a binocular tube optical system, and 16 denotes an observer. Reference numeral 513 denotes a small monitor, and 514 an image projection optical system.

Fourteenth Embodiment FIG. 17 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of a binocular tube, particularly an interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism, of a surgical microscope according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 155 is an imaging optical system, 156 is a deflection mirror, 1
57 is an image rotator, 158 is a deflection prism,
Reference numeral 160 denotes an image forming position by the image forming optical system 155, 161 denotes a third polarizing plate, and 162 denotes an eyepiece optical system.
The interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism of the binocular tube shown in FIG. 17 is referred to as the Yench method. Also, in order to compensate for the shortening of the optical path length, the mechanism is shifted obliquely upward to increase the distance between the left and right eyepiece optical systems. Also, unlike the JET-TOP system, which is another eye width adjusting mechanism, there is a feature that the periphery of the eyepiece optical system does not rotate even when the eye width is adjusted.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, the third embodiment
When the polarizing plate 161 is placed on the image forming position 160 of the image forming optical system 155, since the third polarizing plate 161 itself does not rotate with the adjustment of the interpupillary distance, the microscope observation image and the image are partially When divided and observed simultaneously, there is no possibility that the left and right images cannot be fused.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a case where a third polarizing plate is placed at an image forming position of a binocular tube optical system having a Jieten-top interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism for comparison with the present embodiment. FIG.
9 is a diagram showing left and right observation images when a third polarizing plate is placed at an image forming position of a binocular tube optical system having a Jieten-top type interpupillary adjustment mechanism. In FIG. 18, reference numeral 163 denotes an imaging optical system;
Reference numeral 4 denotes a parallelogram prism for adjusting the eye width, 165 denotes an optical axis incident on the parallelogram prism 164, 166 denotes an image forming position by the image forming optical system 163, 167 denotes a third polarizing plate, and 168 denotes an eyepiece optical system. Is shown. Also, in FIG.
9 is an observation image that the observer can observe with the left eye, 170 is an observation image that the observer can observe with the right eye, 171 is a microscope observation image part in the left eye observation image, and 172 is a microscope observation image in the right eye observation image Reference numeral 173 denotes an image part in the left-eye observation image, and 174 denotes an image part in the right-eye observation image.

As shown by reference numeral 163 in the figure, the right-and-left parallelogram prism 1
The optical axis 165 for inputting the light 64 to the parallelogram prism 164
Is rotated in opposite directions around the center of the lens to adjust the distance between the left and right eyepiece optical systems. The feature is that the optical elements from the parallelogram prism 164 to the eyepiece optical system 168 are rotated. The third position is formed at the image forming position 166 of the binocular tube having the Jietentop type interpupillary adjustment mechanism.
When the polarizing plate 167 is placed and the interpupillary distance is adjusted so that the microscope observation image and the image are partially divided and simultaneously observed, the third polarizing plate 167 rotates together with the eyepiece optical system 168 and the parallelogram prism 164. Therefore, in a certain interpupillary distance adjustment state, as shown in FIG. 18, a state occurs in which the left and right images rotate in opposite directions and cannot be fused. To prevent this, a rotation correction mechanism for the third polarizing plate 167 must be built in, and the size of the binocular tube becomes very large.

Fifteenth Embodiment FIG. 20 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of an operating microscope according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 178 is an observation object, 179 is an objective optical system, 180 is a polarization beam splitter whose polarization direction is different between transmission and reflection, 181 is a liquid crystal monitor which is an image display means in which the emitted light beam already has a polarization direction, 1
82 is the polarization direction of the light beam emitted from the liquid crystal monitor 181, 183 is an image projection optical system, 184 is an imaging optical system,
85 is the polarization direction of the microscope light beam after transmission through the polarization beam splitter, 186 is the polarization direction of the light beam emitted from the liquid crystal monitor 181 after reflection of the polarization beam splitter,
187 is an eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 189 is an observer 1
6 shows an image obtained by superimposing a microscope observation image and an image. The polarization beam splitter 180 is arranged in the optical path of the observation optical system, and inserts a light beam from the liquid crystal monitor 181 into the optical path of the observation optical system.

In this embodiment, the polarizing beam splitter 180 reflects only the s-polarized light in the reflecting surface and transmits only the p-polarized light with respect to the reflecting surface. With the S polarization direction, the optical path can be inserted by the polarization beam splitter 180 without losing the light amount. Further, the light beam emitted from the liquid crystal monitor 181 already has a certain polarization direction.
By matching the S-polarized direction of the reflecting surface of the liquid crystal monitor 1, it is possible to superimpose the image on the microscope without losing the brightness of the liquid crystal monitor 181. It is possible to prevent the image from becoming invisible due to being buried in the brightness of the image.

Sixteenth Embodiment FIG. 21 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of an operating microscope according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 190 is an observation object, 191
Denotes an objective optical system, 192 denotes a deflecting prism, 193 denotes a first polarization beam splitter having different polarization directions of transmission and reflection, 194 denotes a variable power optical system, 195 denotes a light beam for a microscope for the left eye, and 196 denotes a microscope for the right eye. The light beam 197 is the polarization direction of the left-eye microscope light beam 195 transmitted through the first polarization beam splitter 193, the reference numeral 198 is the polarization direction of the right-eye microscope light beam 196 reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 193, 199 is a second polarizing beam splitter, 200 is a deflecting prism, 201 is a monitor which is an image display means which does not have a polarization direction in the emitted light beam, 202
Denotes an image projection optical system, 203 denotes a polarization direction of the left-eye microscope beam 195 transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 199, and 204 denotes a right-eye microscope beam reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 199. The polarization direction of 196, 205 is the second polarization beam splitter 199
Is the polarization direction of the light beam from the monitor 201 that reflects the light, 206 is the polarization direction of the light beam from the monitor 201 that has passed through the second polarization beam splitter 199,
207, an imaging optical system; 208, a third polarizing plate for the left eye;
9 is a third polarizing plate for the right eye, 210 is an eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 212 is an observation image observed by the observer 16, 213 is a microscope observation image part, 214 is an image part, 215 is a light source lamp, 216 Indicates an illumination optical system.

In this embodiment, the first polarizing beam splitter 193 mixes the microscope light beam 195 for the left eye and the microscope light beam 196 for the right eye while making the polarization directions orthogonal to each other to form one zoom optical system 194. Then, the light is re-divided into right and left light beams by the second polarizing beam splitter 199 again. And the second polarizing beam splitter 19
Reference numeral 9 also mixes the light beam from the monitor 201 with the microscope light beam while separating it into left and right light beams. Finally 3rd for left eye
The polarizing plate 208 and the third polarizing plate 209 for the right eye partially separate the microscope-observed image and the image to provide the observer with simultaneous observation of the microscope-observed image and the image. The first polarizing beam splitter 193 also has a role of receiving illumination light from the light source lamp 215 and illuminating the observation object 190 coaxially with the left and right microscope light beams 195 and 196.

Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, it is possible to provide the observer with simultaneous observation of the microscope observation image and the image, while also providing many observations such as a single magnification optical system and a polarizing prism of the illumination optical system. It is possible to provide an observer with a very small surgical microscope which can be omitted and can be very small in workability.

Seventeenth Embodiment FIG. 22 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of an operating microscope according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23 is an arrangement diagram of an optical system showing a modification of the surgical microscope of the present embodiment. In FIG.
600 is an observation object, 601 is an objective optical system, 602 is a variable power optical system, 604 is a first polarizing plate as a first polarizing means, 60
5 is a beam splitter, 606 is a small monitor as image display means, 607 is an image projection optical system, and 608 is a second
A second polarizing plate as a polarizing means; 609, an imaging optical system of a binocular tube; 610, a third polarizing plate as a third polarizing means;
1 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and 16 denotes an observer.
In the figure, all the optical elements within the range surrounded by reference numeral 613 are built in the surgical microscope main body housing, and all the optical elements within the range surrounded by reference numeral 614 are inside the surgical microscope binocular tube housing. It is built in. FIG.
615, an objective optical system, 617, a variable power optical system, 618, a first polarizing plate as first polarizing means,
619 is a beam splitter, 620 is a small monitor as an image display means, 621 is an image projection optical system, 622 is a second polarizing plate as a second polarizing means, 623 is a binocular tube imaging optical system, 624 is a deflecting prism, 625 denotes a third polarizing plate as a third polarizing means, 626 denotes an eyepiece optical system, 16 denotes an observer, 628 denotes a surgical microscope main body, 629 denotes a surgical microscope binocular tube, and 630 denotes an illumination optical system. I have.

Since the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment is configured as described above, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained with the right eye of the observer.
By incorporating the power cable and the like in the surgical microscope main body housing, it is possible to prevent the cable and the like, which are likely to be generated around the microscope, from being spoiled, and to provide a less complicated surgical microscope. In this embodiment, if the beam splitter 605 is a polarization beam splitter having different polarization directions for transmission and reflection, the first and second polarizing plates 604 and 608 can be omitted. In this embodiment, the first, second and third polarizing plates 604 and 60 are used.
8, 610, the beam splitter 605, the image projection optical system 607, and the small monitor 606 are arranged only in the optical system on the right eye side of the observer, but may be arranged in the optical systems of both eyes. In FIG. 22, the beam splitter 60
5 is disposed after the variable power optical system 602,
02 may be arranged. Also, in FIG. 22, the light beam incident on the beam splitter 605 from the small monitor 606 is incident on the observer from the right side.
The small monitor 620, the image projection optical system 621, the second polarizing plate 622, and the beam splitter so that the light beam entering the beam splitter from the small monitor enters the observer from the back side of the surgical microscope main body as shown in FIG. 6
By arranging 19, the working space on the left and right sides of the surgical microscope can be increased, so that a surgical microscope suitable for surgery can be provided.

Eighteenth Embodiment FIG. 24 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of a surgical microscope according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 700 denotes an observation object;
Denotes an objective optical system, 702 denotes a variable power optical system, 703 denotes a first polarization beam splitter, and 704 denotes a first image display unit.
A small monitor, 705 is an image projection optical system, and 706 is a second
707, a polarizing beam splitter; 707, an imaging optical system;
Denotes a first eyepiece optical system, 709 denotes a deflection prism, and 710 denotes a second eyepiece optical system. Here, although not shown, the optical elements in the range surrounded by reference numeral 711 are also arranged on the right side of the first eyepiece optical system 708 with respect to the observer, and the eyepieces of the arranged optical system are arranged. The optical system is a third eyepiece optical system. 712 is a second small monitor, 713 is a fourth eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 715 is an observation image of an image displayed on the second small monitor 712, 716 is a microscope observation image of the observation object 700, and 717 is a first observation image. An observation image 718 of the image displayed on the small monitor 704 and a superimposed image 718 respectively show a microscope observation image of the observation object 700 and an observation image of the image displayed on the first small monitor 704.

The second polarizing beam splitter 706 can be rotated at the position where the second polarizing beam splitter 706 is disposed, and can be moved out of the light beam. Since the surgical microscope of this embodiment is configured as described above, if the second polarizing beam splitter 706 is arranged as shown in FIG.
The light transmitted through the polarizing beam splitter 706 is guided toward the first eyepiece optical system 708, and the light flux from the first small monitor 704 reflects on the second polarizing beam splitter 706,
The light flux guided to the second eyepiece optical system 710 and from the second small monitor is always guided to the fourth eyepiece optical system 713, and the first, second, and fourth eyepiece optical systems 708, 710, and 713 are provided.
All of the exit pupils overlap at the pupil position of the observer 16, and as shown in FIG.
6. Three images 715 and 717 can be observed at the same time. This display layout is optimal only when performing surgery based on microscopic images, and the upper and lower images can display endoscopic images, ultrasonic tomographic images, etc., and obtain effective information for surgery from these images. Surgery can be performed while observing the central microscope image.

The second polarization beam splitter 706
Are rotated by 90 degrees and the direction of the reflected light of the second polarization beam splitter 706 is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the paper surface, and the microscope light beam is transmitted to the second polarization beam splitter 7.
06, the light is guided to a third eyepiece optical system (not shown), and the light beam from the first small monitor 704 passes through the second polarizing beam splitter 706 and is sent to the first eyepiece optical system 708.
Guided towards. Also, the light beam from the second small monitor 712 is always guided to the fourth eyepiece optical system 713,
Since the exit pupils of the 2, 4 eyepiece optical systems 708, 710, and 713 all overlap at the pupil position of the observer 16, B in FIG.
As shown in the figure, an image 717 displayed on the first small monitor 704 at the center, a microscope image 716 and a center image 7 at the right thereof.
Image 71 displayed on the second small monitor 712 on 17
5 images can be observed simultaneously. This display layout is most suitable for performing surgery based on an endoscopic image. When an endoscopic image is displayed in the center and a navigation image is displayed on the upper side, a microscope image on the right side and an upper navigation image are displayed. The operation can be performed under endoscopic observation while giving the orientation of the central endoscope image based on the image.

Also, the second polarizing beam splitter 706
Is moved out of the light beam, the microscope light beam superimposed by the first polarizing beam splitter 703 and the light beam from the first small monitor 704 are transmitted through the imaging optical system 707a while being superimposed, and the superimposed image is formed as a superimposed image. One eyepiece optical system 708 observes. The light beam from the second small monitor 712 is always guided to the fourth eyepiece optical system 713,
Since the exit pupils of the four eyepiece optical systems 708 and 713 overlap at the pupil position of the observer 16, as shown in FIG. The image 718 and the image 715 displayed on the second small monitor 712 thereon can be observed simultaneously. This display layout is most suitable for guiding the observer by navigation, and superimposes indicators and outlines by navigation on the microscope image at the center and displays the navigation instructions and attention directly to the observer. be able to. Displaying an image that assists the orientation by the navigation image on the upper side can further support the observer.

As described above, according to this embodiment, various display layouts can be realized only by changing the arrangement of the second polarizing beam splitter 706, and various images can be adjusted to the observer 16 according to the image quality. It is possible to provide a surgical microscope which can be provided simultaneously with a microscope observation image by a display method and can support various operations.

Ninth Embodiment FIG. 25 is a side view showing an arrangement of an optical system of a binocular tube portion of an operating microscope according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 26 is a top view thereof. Reference numeral 800 in FIG. 25 denotes a surgical microscope main body,
801 is an image forming optical system, 802 is a deflecting prism, 803 is a polarizing beam splitter, 804 is a third polarizing plate as a third polarizing means, 805 is a first eyepiece optical system, 806 is a small monitor as an image display means, 807 Is a relay optical system, 8
08 is a deflecting prism, 809 is a second eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 810.1 is a microscope observation image, 810.2 is an image observation image displayed in the microscope observation image, and 810.3 is a microscope observation image. A superimposed image in which the image observation image overlaps, 810.4 indicates a microscope observation image, and 810.5 indicates an image observation image. 26, reference numeral 800 in FIG.
1 is an imaging optical system, 813 is a deflection mirror, 814 is an image rotator, 802 and 816 are deflection prisms, 80
3 is a polarizing beam splitter, 804 is a third polarizing plate as a third polarizing means, 805 is a first eyepiece optical system, 820 is a small monitor as an image display means, 807 is a relay optical system, and 809 is a second eyepiece optical system. , 16 indicate observers, respectively.

The polarization beam splitter 80 shown in FIG.
Numeral 3 superimposes the light beam from the microscope and the light beam from the small monitor 806 while giving polarization directions orthogonal to both light beams. Note that the exit surface to the second eyepiece optical system 809 is shielded from light. Further, the polarizing beam splitter 803 is configured to be able to move out of the light beam. Further, the third polarizing plate 80
Reference numeral 4 is partially configured as a polarizing plate having different polarization characteristics, and is also configured to be movable out of the light beam.

Since the surgical microscope of this embodiment is configured as described above, both superposed light beams emitted from the polarizing beam splitter 803 are partially separated again by the third polarizing plate 804 and the first eyepiece optical system 805 FIG. 25 through
Both images can be observed simultaneously in the state shown in A of FIG. This display layout is optimal when displaying an endoscope image on the small monitor 806.

When the third polarizing plate 804 is moved out of the optical path, the first and second light beams are not separated because the superposed light beams are not separated.
As shown in FIG. 25B, both images can be simultaneously observed as a superimposed image in which both images are overlapped by the eyepiece optical system 805.
This display layout is suitable for displaying a navigation image (index, contour emphasis, etc.) on a small monitor to directly alert the observer or guide the observer.

When both the third polarizing plate 804 and the polarizing beam splitter 803 are moved out of the optical path, the two light beams are not superimposed, and the microscope light beam is transmitted to the first eyepiece optical system 805.
To the second eyepiece optical system 8
09, the first eyepiece optical system 805 and the second
Since the exit pupils of the eyepiece optical system 809 overlap at the pupil position of the observer, the first and second eyepiece optical systems 80 respectively
5, both images can be observed at the same time as shown in FIG. This display layout is most suitable for displaying a very high-definition image on a small monitor.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide the observer with various simultaneous observations of both images only by the combination of the movement of the third polarizing plate 804 and the polarization beam splitter 803. In this embodiment, the polarizing beam splitter 803 is used as the beam splitter.
When the polarizing plate 804 is not used, a normal beam splitter may be used. In addition, the second eyepiece optical system 8 of the present embodiment
Reference numeral 09 is a prism-shaped plastic molded lens having at least one curved surface having no plane of symmetry. The eye relief of the second eyepiece optical system 809 preferably has at least 1.2 times the eye relief of the first eyepiece optical system 805. If the eye relief of the second eyepiece optical system 809 does not satisfy this condition, it will protrude more and more in the face direction of the observer, resulting in a very difficult to use microscope. Further, the exit pupil diameter of the second eyepiece optical system 809 is at least the first pupil diameter.
It is desirable that the diameter is larger than the exit pupil diameter of the eyepiece optical system. In this way, it is possible to prevent the image obtained from the second eyepiece optical system from being vignetted when the observer shakes his eyes to look at the image obtained from the second eyepiece optical system.

Twentieth Embodiment FIG. 27 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of an operating microscope according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention. The optical system on the right eye side of the observer is omitted and not shown. In the figure, 900 is an observation object, 901 is an objective optical system, 902 is a variable power optical system, 903 is a first polarizing plate as a first polarizing means, 904 is a beam splitter, 905 is a small monitor as an image display device, and 906 is an image. A projection optical system, 907 is a deflecting prism, 908 is a second polarizing plate as a second polarizing means, 909 is an image forming optical system, 910 is a polarizing beam splitter, 911 is a polarizing prism, 912 is an image forming position, and 913 is eyepiece optics. System, 16 indicates the observer, respectively.

The first and second polarizers 903 and 908 can be rotated at the respective positions where they are arranged. Therefore, the rotation of the first and second polarizers 903 and 908 allows the respective polarizers to pass through. An arbitrary polarization direction can be given to the light beam from the observation object to be observed and the light beam from the small monitor 905, and the polarization beam splitter 9 of each light beam can be given.
The amount of transmission and reflection at 10 can be controlled. Therefore, by rotating the first polarizing plate 903, a microscope observation image can be formed at a position indicated by A in the drawing or an image formed at a position indicated by B in the drawing. Of course, the second polarizing plate 90
The same applies to the image displayed on the small monitor 905 by rotating 8. Since the surgical microscope of this embodiment is configured as described above, the display position of the microscope observation image and the observation image displayed on the small monitor can be arbitrarily exchanged only by rotating the first and second polarizing plates, and the state desired by the observer can be obtained. Can provide a microscope observation image and an observation image at the same time.

Twenty-First Embodiment FIG. 28 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of a surgical microscope according to a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment includes a partly common configuration with the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 15, and therefore, the same reference numerals are used for substantially the same members as those used in FIG. Is omitted. In the figure, 1101 is a first reflective LCD, 1102 is a second reflective LCD, 1103
Is an LED, 1104 is a diffusion plate, 1105 is an illumination optical system for a reflective LCD, 1106 is a polarization beam splitter, 1107
Is a light beam having a linear polarization state in the vertical direction in the plane of the paper emitted from the first reflective LCD 1101, and 1108 is a second reflective LCD
A light beam emitted from the LCD 1102 and having a linear polarization state in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper, 1109 is an imaging optical system,
Denotes a first polarizing plate, 1111 denotes a second polarizing plate, 1112 denotes an image forming position by the image forming optical system 1109, 1113 denotes a light flux from an observation object transmitted through the first polarizing plate 1110, 111
Reference numeral 4 denotes a light beam from an observation object transmitted through the second polarizing plate 1111; 1115, a light beam from the first reflective LCD 1101 transmitted through the first polarizing plate 1110; and 1116, a light beam transmitted through the second polarizing plate 1111. Reference numeral 1117 denotes a light flux from the reflective LCD 1101, and reference numeral 1117 denotes an eyepiece optical system.

According to this embodiment, the luminous fluxes emitted from the first and second reflective LCDs 1101 and 1102 are given polarization states orthogonal to each other by a polarization beam splitter 1106, are mixed, and are further observed by a bim splitter 146. The light beam from the object 503 is mixed. The luminous flux mixed in this way is imaged by the imaging optical system 1109 and is observed by the observer 16 by the eyepiece optical system 1117.
Further, the light flux transmitted by the second polarizing plates 1110 and 1111 is restricted. The first polarizing plate 1110 transmits only a light beam having a linearly polarized light in a horizontal direction in the plane of the drawing, and the second polarizing plate 1111 transmits only a light beam having a linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the drawing. Therefore, the image observed by the left eye of the observer 16 is the image of the observation object 503 and the first reflective LCD 1
Only the image displayed on the display 101 and the image observed with the right eye are the image of the observation object 503 and the second reflective LCD 1102.
Is only the image displayed in.

The first and second polarizers 1110 and 1111 can be individually rotated by 90 ° or retracted out of the light beam, depending on the selection of the observer 16. As a result, the images guided to the left and right eyes of the observer 16 are transferred from the first reflective LCD 1101 to the second reflective LCD 11.
02 or the first reflective type
An image from the LCD 1101, an image from both the second reflective LCD 1102, and an image from both LCDs as only the image of the observation object 503 can be shielded.

By the way, a new rotatable polarizing plate 111
If the polarizing plate 1118 is not provided, the image observed by the observer's left eye is the same as the image of the observation object 503 and the first reflective LCD when the polarizing plate 1118 is not provided.
The image displayed on the display 1101 and the image observed by the right eye are the image of the observation object and the image displayed on the second reflective LCD 1102. When the polarizing plate 1118 is put in the optical path, the 16 images to be observed can be only the image of the observation object 503 and the first reflective LCD 1101,
Also, by rotating this polarizing plate 1118 by 90 °,
The image observed by the observer 16 can be only the image of the observation object 503 and the image of the second reflective LCD 1102.

During the operation, the surgeon sometimes wants to observe the image of the operative site, and at the same time, observe the nerve monitor or check the recorded state of the operation. In such a case, the first reflective LCD
The nerve monitor is projected on 1101, and the second reflective LC
By displaying the recorded state of the operation (such as a REC sign) on the D1102, the operator can select and obtain information other than the operation site without taking his eyes off the eyepiece of the microscope during the operation. This is very effective in keeping the operator's concentration and reducing the operation time. Further, when images having parallax obtained by, for example, a stereoscopic endoscope are displayed on each of the first reflection type LCD 1101 and the second reflection type LCD 1102, the observer can overlap the observation image of the object. It is also possible to perform stereoscopic observation of an endoscope image or the like.

In general, it is also known that a plurality of images are displayed on a single image display means using a means such as time division. However, in order to realize this, means such as a mixer is separately required. In contrast, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily provide a plurality of images in various combinations to an observer without using a plurality of image display units.

Twenty-second Embodiment FIG. 29 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of an operating microscope according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention. Since the present embodiment includes a partly common configuration of the sixteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 21 and the twenty-first embodiment shown in FIG. 28, it is substantially the same as that used in FIG. 21 and FIG. The same reference numerals are used for the members, and the description of those members is omitted. In the drawing, reference numeral 1201 denotes a light beam from the observation object 190 for the left eye having a horizontal linear polarization state in the paper plane, and 1202 denotes a light flux from the observation object 190 for the right eye having a linear polarization state in a vertical direction in the paper plane. First reflection type LCD 110 having linear polarization state in the vertical direction in the paper plane
A light flux 1201 is a light flux from the second reflective LCD 1102 having a linear polarization state in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface,
Reference numeral 1205 denotes a light beam from which the light beam from the observation object 190 for the right eye, the light beam from the observation object for the left eye, the light beam from the first reflective LCD 1101, and the light beam from the second reflective LCD 1102 are all mixed. Is a light beam from the observation object 190 for the right eye having a linear polarization state in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, 1207 is a light beam from the observation object 190 for the left eye having a linear polarization state in a horizontal direction on the paper surface, and 1208 is a light beam from the observation object 190 for the paper surface. On the other hand, the second reflective LCD 11 having a vertical linear polarization state
A light flux from the first reflective LCD 1101 having a linear polarization state in the horizontal direction in the plane of the drawing, and a light flux 1209 from the first reflective LCD 1101
Reference numeral 10 denotes a third polarizing beam splitter.

According to the present embodiment, the observation object 19 for the left eye
The light beam 195 from 0 and the light beam 196 from the observation object 190 for the right eye are given polarization states orthogonal to each other by the first polarization beam splitter 193, and are mixed together. Also, the first and second reflective LCDs 1101 and 1101
The light beams emitted from the light source 02 are given polarization states orthogonal to each other by the second polarization beam splitter 1106 and are mixed. Further, the four light beams are mixed with each other by the beam splitter 199. The light beam 1205 mixed in this way is formed into an image by the image forming optical system 207, and the observer 16
Before the observation, the light beam is divided into a light beam reflected by the third polarizing beam splitter 1210 and a light beam transmitted therethrough. Specifically, the observation object 1 for the right eye
The light beam 1206 from the light source 90 and the light beam 1208 from the second reflective LCD 1102 are reflected to the right eye of the observer 16 and the light beam 1207 from the observation object 190 for the left eye to the first light.
The light flux 1209 from the reflective LCD 1101 is transmitted and guided to the left eye of the observer 16. Here, if images having parallax are displayed on the two image display means, that is, the first and second reflective LCDs 1101 and 1102, the operator can observe the stereoscopic image of the operative site and simultaneously observe the stereoscopic image. Can be done.

As a method of superimposing images from different image display means on the right and left eyes of the observer, see FIG.
Is known, in which an optical path combining means is provided for each of a pair of optical systems built in a stereomicroscope, and separate image display means are provided for the two optical path combining means. Since a dedicated optical system for entering the light beam is required, the size cannot be avoided.

Further, when images having parallax obtained by, for example, an ultrasonic probe are displayed on each of the first and second reflective LCDs 1101 and 1102, the observer can view the observed image and the ultrasonic image of the object. It can be obtained including the depth relationship of each image, which will be briefly described below.

In FIG. 30A, reference numeral 1211 denotes a stereo microscope, reference numeral 1212 denotes an ultrasonic probe, and reference numeral 1213 denotes a sensor for detecting the positional relationship between the tip of the ultrasonic probe and the focus position 1214 of the stereo microscope. Then, the positional relationship between the two is detected by the plane coordinates X and Y and the depth coordinate Z. The positions of the ultrasonic images to be displayed on the two image display means are determined based on these coordinates. Specifically, it is as follows. First, two image display means 1215, 1
The center of the monitor surface on 216 (see FIGS. 30B and 30C) is aligned with the observation center 1217 of the stereoscopic microscope. next,
The depth based on the positions P and P 'displaced from the position by displacement amounts X' and Y '(see FIGS. 30 (b) and (c)) on the monitor converted based on the plane coordinates X and Y. Then, an ultrasonic image is displayed with the positions Q and Q 'displaced by the coordinates Z' converted to parallax Z 'as the center position. By doing so, it is possible to display an ultrasonic image at an observation position by a stereoscopic microscope together with information in the depth direction, in real time, if the sensor is continuously operated.

As described above, the stereo microscope according to the present invention has the following features in addition to the features described in the claims.

(1) The polarization characteristics of the third polarizing means are partially different, so that when the overlapping light flux is transmitted through the third polarizing means, the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means are partially changed. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the separation is possible.
Or the stereoscopic microscope according to 3. According to this configuration, since the light flux transmitted through the third polarizing means can be partially separated, an image of a part of the observation image of the observation object is formed, or a part of the image is formed as an observation image of the observation object. It is possible to provide simultaneous observation by partially switching different images.

(2) The third polarizing means is arranged on or near an intermediate image forming plane where the light flux from the superimposed observation object and the light flux from the image display means are imaged. Item 4. The stereoscopic microscope according to item 2 or 3. According to this configuration, since the separation of the light beam is performed on or near the intermediate imaging plane, the boundary between the images can be made clear especially when different images are partially switched and simultaneously observed. Can provide clear simultaneous observations.

(3) The third polarizing means is capable of moving out of the light flux from the light flux from which the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means are superimposed.
The stereomicroscope according to 1. According to this configuration, when the third polarizing unit is moved out of the light beam, the light beam from the observation object and the light beam from the image display unit that are once overlapped are not separated, so that the images are observed as a superimposed image in which the images overlap each other. be able to. Therefore, the observer is as described in claim 1,
Utilizing the difference in polarization characteristics between the two light beams, the light beams that have been once overlapped can be separated and selected again, so that the observer can observe both images simultaneously or can arbitrarily select either image and observe them separately It is possible to arbitrarily switch between the observation state and the observation state of the superimposed image in which the images overlap each other.

(4) The stereomicroscope according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the third polarizing means comprises one polarized light path splitting means having different polarization characteristics between reflection and transmission.
According to this configuration, since both light beams can be guided to different positions by transmission and reflection, both images can be observed independently of each other.

(5) Before the third polarization means, the polarization direction changing means for changing the polarization direction of the light flux is arranged on the optical path where the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means are superimposed. The stereoscopic microscope according to claim 2, wherein the stereoscopic microscope is characterized in that: According to this configuration, since the transmission amount and the transmission area of the light beam transmitted through the third polarization unit can be controlled by the polarization direction changing unit, simultaneous observation of both images in various combinations can be performed.

(6) The stereo microscope according to (5), wherein a λ / 2 plate is movably arranged on the optical path immediately before the third polarizing means as viewed from the object side. According to this configuration, since the light beam from the overlapping observation object and the light beam from the image display means pass through the λ / 2 plate to change the polarization direction, the observation of the observation object can be performed without rotating the third polarization means. You can switch between images. Further, by disposing a λ / 2 plate smaller than the third polarizing means, the polarization direction is changed by the light flux transmitted through the λ / 2 plate, and a part of the observation image of the observation object is combined with the polarization direction of the third polarizing means. To an image, or conversely, a part of the image to an observation image of an observation object,
Different images can be partly switched and simultaneously observed. Further, by moving the λ / 2 plate, the image displayed in a part can be arbitrarily moved.

(7) The stereoscopic microscope according to (5), wherein a liquid crystal plate is disposed on the optical path immediately before the third polarizing means as viewed from the object side. The liquid crystal plate is capable of electrically changing the polarization characteristics at an arbitrary position on the liquid crystal slope. According to this configuration, the polarization direction of only the light beam transmitted through the portion where the polarization characteristic of the liquid crystal plate is changed among the light beam from the overlapping observation object and the light beam from the image display means changes. Simultaneous observation can be performed by partially switching different images, such as forming an image, or conversely, making a part of the image an observation image of an observation object.

(8) Binocular tube optical system, eyepiece optical system, electronic image display means,
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein first, second, and third polarizing means (or polarized light path combining means instead of the first and second polarizing means) are built-in, and are detachable as a unit from the stereomicroscope main body. Or the stereoscopic microscope according to 3. According to this configuration, it is possible to systematically exchange the above-described unit and a normal binocular tube unit, and to a viewer who does not need the above-described effects, a stereoscopic microscope using a normal binocular tube while the stereomicroscope main body remains the same An observation image can be provided.

(9) Electronic image display means, first, second, and third polarizing means (or polarized light path combining means instead of the first and second polarizing means) are incorporated in one housing, and as a unit, The stereo microscope according to claim 2, wherein the stereo microscope is detachable between the stereo microscope main body and the binocular tube. According to this configuration, the above-described unit can be systematically added to a normal stereo microscope, and an observer who does not need the above-described effects can use a normal stereo microscope while keeping the stereo microscope main body and the binocular tube section the same. An observation image can be provided.

(10) The stereomicroscope receives the light beam from the object and converts it into an afocal light beam, and images the afocal light beam from the objective optical system at least once to emit the afocal light beam. An afocal relay optical system, a binocular tube imaging optical system for re-imaging a light beam incident on the binocular tube from the afocal relay optical system, and a binocular tube for magnifying and observing the re-imaged image The stereo microscope according to (2), comprising an eyepiece optical system, wherein the third polarizing means is arranged on or near an intermediate image plane formed by the afocal relay optical system. According to this configuration, the stereoscopic microscope observation image light beam and the image light beam are superimposed and separated before the binocular tube optical system, and when a plurality of binocular tubes are attached to the stereomicroscope main body, observation is performed using any binocular tube. Some observers can also obtain the effect of the technique according to the third aspect.

(11) The binocular tube in which the third polarizing means is disposed on or near the intermediate image forming plane in the binocular tube portion has the Yench-type interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism. The stereomicroscope according to 1. The Yench-type interpupillary adjustment mechanism has a configuration in which the left and right eyepiece optical systems move away from and approach each other to match the interpupillary distance of the observer. The eyepiece optical system is placed on the light exit side of the shaped prism, and the eyepiece optical system integrated on the exit side with the parallelogram prism is rotated in opposite directions to the left and right about the optical axis of the light beam incident on the parallelogram prism. In this configuration, the distance between the left and right eyepiece optical systems is increased or decreased. In the latter, unlike the former, the intermediate image plane immediately before the eyepiece optical system rotates together with the eyepiece optical system. Here, when the third polarizing means is arranged on the intermediate image plane inside the binocular tube having the Jieten-top type interpupillary adjusting mechanism, the third interpolating means adjusts the third left and right eyes.
The polarizers rotate to opposite sides, and particularly when partial division of the image is performed, the position of the partially displayed image is different between the left and right, so that fusion cannot be performed. Therefore, according to the configuration of the stereo microscope described in (11), it is possible to avoid the problem that fusion cannot be performed.

(12) The stereoscopic microscope optical system has an optical path dividing means for dividing an optical path into an observation optical system and other optical systems such as an illumination optical system and an observation optical system, an observation optical system and a photographing optical system, and the like. 3. The stereomicroscope according to claim 2, wherein the first polarizing means is omitted by replacing one of the light path dividing means with a polarized light path dividing means having different polarization characteristics in reflection and transmission. According to this configuration, the first polarization unit can be omitted by replacing one of the optical path division units in the microscope optical system with a polarization optical path division unit having different polarization characteristics by reflection and transmission. While having the effect of the technology described, it is possible to prevent a double light amount loss due to the optical path splitting unit and the first polarizing unit in the image light beam observed by the microscope, and to reduce the number of components.

(13) In a stereo microscope capable of simultaneously observing an observation image of an observation object and an image displayed on an image display means, the stereo microscope includes an observation optical system, an image display means, and an observation optical system. Optical path insertion means for arranging and inserting a light beam from the image display means into the optical path of the observation optical system, wherein the image display means comprises a monitor having a polarization characteristic to the emitted light, and the optical path insertion means comprises a polarization beam splitter. When inserting a light beam from a monitor having a polarization characteristic to the emission light into the optical path of the observation optical system using a polarization beam splitter, the polarization direction of the light beam from the monitor having a polarization characteristic to the emission light, a polarization beam splitter A stereoscopic microscope characterized in that it can be adapted to the polarization direction given by (1). A liquid crystal monitor or the like is generally used as a monitor having polarization characteristics for the emitted light. In particular, when simultaneously observing the microscope observation image and the LCD monitor image in the form of a superimposed image, since the microscope observation image is very bright, if the brightness of the image display means is lost halfway, the image displayed superimposed on the microscope observation image will be displayed. Although the brightness is buried and becomes invisible, according to the above configuration, it can be inserted into the optical path of the observation optical system without substantially losing the brightness of the liquid crystal monitor, so that the above problem can be solved.

(14) In a stereomicroscope in which an observation image of an observation object and an image displayed on the image display means can be simultaneously observed, a plurality of image display means in which light beams from the observation object have different polarization states, respectively. A plurality of light beams from the plurality of image display means are superimposed on each other, and the light beams from the plurality of image display means are incident on a single optical path combining means, and are separated again behind the optical path combining means. microscope.

(15) An image to be observed at the same time as the observation image of the observation object is selected by utilizing the difference in the polarization state of the light flux from each image display means.
A stereoscopic microscope according to 4).

[0095]

As described above, according to the stereoscopic microscope of the present invention, by simple switching, a superimposed image of the microscope image and the image displayed on the image display means, an image as a part of the microscope image, and an image of the microscope image and the image are obtained. It is possible to switch, and to simultaneously observe an optimal microscope image and an image according to the properties of the image, and to provide a small stereomicroscope with good workability.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an optical system arrangement of a surgical microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, and mainly shows a third embodiment of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration around a polarizing plate.

FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, and mainly shows a third polarizer of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration around a polarizing plate.

FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and mainly shows the third embodiment of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration around a polarizing plate.

FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and mainly shows a third polarizer of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration around a polarizing plate.

FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and mainly shows a third polarizing plate of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration around a polarizing plate.

FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention, and mainly shows the third embodiment in order to show the improvement made to the third polarizing plate of the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration around a polarizing plate.

FIG. 8 shows an eighth embodiment of the present invention, and mainly shows a third polarizer having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration around a polarizing plate.

FIG. 9 shows a ninth embodiment of the present invention and is an arrangement diagram of an optical system of an observation device.

10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an optical system arrangement of a binocular tube portion according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10A is a front view of an optical system arrangement of the binocular tube unit of the present embodiment, and FIG. ) Is a view from the side.

11 is a view showing a tenth embodiment of the present invention, and showing that the binocular tube portion of FIG. 10 is configured to be detachable from a surgical microscope main body portion.

FIG. 12 is an arrangement diagram of an optical system of an intermediate lens barrel showing an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

13 is a view showing an eleventh embodiment of the present invention, and is a view showing that the intermediate lens barrel in FIG. 12 is configured to be detachable between the surgical microscope main body and the binocular tube.

FIG. 14 is an optical system arrangement configuration diagram of a surgical microscope showing a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of an operating microscope according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an optical system arrangement configuration diagram of a surgical microscope showing a modified example of the embodiment shown in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the arrangement of an optical system of a binocular tube portion of a surgical microscope according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention, particularly an interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a case where a third polarizing plate is placed at an image forming position of a binocular tube optical system having a Jieten-top interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism for comparison with the fourteenth embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing left and right observation images when a third polarizing plate is placed at an imaging position of a binocular tube optical system having a Jieten-top type interpupillary adjustment mechanism.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an optical system arrangement of a surgical microscope according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an optical system arrangement of a surgical microscope according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a view showing the arrangement of the optical system of an operating microscope according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing another arrangement of the optical system of the surgical microscope according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention, which is different from FIG. 21;

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an arrangement of an optical system of an operating microscope according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a side view of the arrangement of the optical system of the binocular tube portion of the surgical microscope according to the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.

26 is a top view of the arrangement of the optical system of the binocular tube portion of the operating microscope shown in FIG. 25.

FIG. 27 is an arrangement diagram of an optical system of a surgical microscope according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating an optical system arrangement of a surgical microscope according to a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is an arrangement diagram of an optical system of a surgical microscope according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a stereomicroscope apparatus configured to display an image obtained by an ultrasonic probe on an image display unit and a method of displaying an ultrasonic image.

FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of a known example of a stereomicroscope configured to superimpose images from different image display means on the right and left eyes of an observer.

[Explanation of symbols]

1,86,109,126,131,178,190,
503, 505, 600, 615, 700, 900 ...
-Observed object 2,87,132,144,179,191,506
601, 616, 701, 901 Objective optical system 3, 97, 604, 618, 903, 1110 First polarizing plate 4 After light coming from the observation object passes through the first polarizing plate Polarization direction possessed 5,82,93,98,124,140,153,51
3,606,620,806,820,905 ... Small monitor 6,84,94,100,125,141,154,1
83, 202, 514, 607, 621, 705, 90
6. Image projection optical system 7, 85, 102, 608, 622, 908, 1111
··· Second polarizing plate 8 ··· Polarization directions of light beams from the small monitor after passing through the second polarizing plate 9, 71, 103, 150, 511, 605, 619,
904: Beam splitter (BS) 10, 17, 26, 35, 45, 56, 62, 72, 8
9,143,155,163,184,207,50
0,609,623,707,801,812,90
9, 1109: imaging optical system 11: polarization direction of a light beam from an observation object superimposed by BS 12: polarization direction of a light beam from a small monitor superimposed by BS 13, 19, 38, 50, 64, 74, 90, 105,
120, 149, 161, 167, 510, 610, 6
25, 804, 818... Third polarizing plate 14... Polarization directions of light fluxes transmitted through the third polarizing plate 15, 24, 33, 40, 48, 60, 69, 80, 9
1,106,162,168,187,210,61
1,626,913,1117 ... eyepiece optical system 16 ... observer 18,27,26 ... polarization state of two superposed light fluxes 20,21 ... part of third polarizing plate 22 , 23,42 ... observed images 28,30,88,118,134,146,180,
508,803,817,910,1106,1210
... Polarizing beam splitter (PBS) 29 ... Second group lens of imaging optical system 31 ... Prism that deflects light flux reflected by PBS 32 ... Light flux reflected by PBS forms an image Observed images 37, 47, 104, 166, 912, 1112 ...
Image forming position 39: a part of the third polarizing plate in which the polarization direction is different by 90 ° 43: a light flux transmitted through a part of the third polarizing plate in the observation image in which the polarization direction is partly different by 90 ° Observation image 44: Observation image formed by a light beam transmitted through a part of the third polarizing plate other than the portion where the polarization direction differs by 90 ° in the observation image 46: Polarization state of two superimposed light beams 49: Range observable by eyepiece optical system 51: Polarization direction of only part of third polarizing plate is 90 °
Different part 53: Observed image observed by the observer 54: Light flux transmitted through a part of the third polarizing plate in which the polarization direction differs by 90 ° in the observed image observed by the observer Observation images 55, 63, and 73. Observation images 57, 63, 73, which are formed by light beams transmitted through portions of the third polarizing plate other than the portion having a polarization direction different from 90 ° in the observation images observed by the observer. ..Polarization state of two superimposed light beams 58... Third moved out of two superimposed light beams
Polarizing plate 59: Observed image in which images overlap each other to form a superposed image 65: λ / 2 plate 66: Overlapping part of third polarizing plate and λ / 2 plate 67: No. Observation image formed by imaging light beams transmitted only through the three polarizing plates 68 ... Observation image formed by imaging light beams transmitted by overlapping portions of the third polarizing plate and the λ / 2 plate 75 ... Liquid crystal Plate 76: A range in which the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate is changed and the third polarizing plate are overlapped 77: A controller 78: A range in which the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate is not changed and the third Observation image 79 formed by imaging the light flux transmitted through the area where the polarizing plate overlaps 79. Light flux transmitted through the area where the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate is changed and the third polarizing plate overlaps Observed image 83 formed by image formation. Corresponds to the part where the voltage of the liquid crystal panel is ON. Part 95,157,814 ... image rotator 96,99,117,158,192,200,62
4,709,802,808,815,816,90
7, 911 ... deflection prism 101, 115, 156, 159, 501, 813 ...
-Deflection mirrors 108, 110, 127, 800, 811-Main body of surgical microscope 111-Binocular tube unit 112-Normal binocular tube unit 113, 139-Eye of observer 114- Light flux emitted from the operating microscope main body 116, 136: Front group of afocal relay optical system 119, 137: Intermediate image point of afocal relay optical system 121: After afocal relay optical system Group 123: Light flux incident on the binocular tube optical system 128 ... Intermediate tube unit 129 ... Normal binocular tube unit 133, 145, 194, 507, 602, 617, 7
02, 902: Variable power optical system 135, 147, 509: Afocal relay optical system 138, 151, 515: Binocular tube optical system 142: CCD 148: Intermediate image point 160 ..Imaging position by imaging optical system 164 ・ ・ ・ Parallelogram prism 165 ・ ・ ・ Optical axis incident on parallelogram prism 169 ・ ・ ・ Observation image which can be observed by left observer by observer 170 ・ ・ ・ Observation Observed image 171: Microscopic observation image part in left eye observation image 172: Microscopic observation image part in right eye observation image 173: Image part in left eye observation image 174・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Image portion in right-eye observation image 181 ・ ・ ・ Liquid crystal monitor 182 ・ ・ ・ Polarization direction of light beam emitted from liquid crystal monitor 185 ・ ・ ・ Polarization direction of microscope light beam after passing through PBS 186 ・ ・ ・ PBS Polarization direction of the liquid crystal monitor light beam after irradiation 189: Image in which a microscope observation image and an image are overlapped 193: First PBS 195 ... Microscope light beam for left eye 196 ... Microscope for right eye Light beam 197: polarization direction of left-eye microscope light beam transmitted through first PBS 198 ... polarization direction of right-eye microscope light beam reflected by first PBS 199 ... second light beam PBS 201 ... Monitor 203 ... Polarization direction of left-eye microscope light beam transmitted through second PBS 204 ... Polarization direction of right-eye microscope light beam reflected by second PBS 205 ... the polarization direction of the light flux from the monitor reflected from the two PBS's, and the polarization direction of the light flux from the monitor transmitted through the two PBS's. Polarizing plate 209 ・ ・ ・ Right eye Third polarizing plate 212: Observed image observed by an observer 213: Microscope observation image portion 214: Image portion 215: Light source lamp 216, 630: Illumination optical system 613: Surgery Range incorporated in microscope main body housing 614: Range incorporated in surgical microscope binocular tube housing 628 ... Surgical microscope main body housing 629 ... Surgical microscope binocular tube housing 703: First Polarizing beam splitter 704: first small monitor 706: second polarizing beam splitter 708, 805, 819 ... first eyepiece optical system 710, 809, 822 ... second eyepiece optical system 712 ... The second small monitor 713 ... the fourth eyepiece optical system 715 ... the image of the second small monitor 716, 810.1, 810.4 ... Mirror observation image 717: image of first small monitor 718: multiple image of distance microscope observation image and image of first small monitor 807, 821: relay optical system 810.2, 810.5. · Image observation image 810.3 ··· Multiple image in which the microscope observation image and the image observation image overlap each other 1101 ··· First reflective LCD 1102 ··· Second reflective LCD 1103 ··· LED 1104 ..Diffusion plate 1105... Illumination optical system for reflective LCD 1107, 1108, 1113, 1114, 1115
1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205
12061207, 1208, 1209: Light flux 1211: Stereo microscope 1212: Ultrasonic probe 1213: Sensor 1214: Focus position of the stereo microscope 1215, 1216 ... Image display means 1217 ... Observation center

Claims (3)

[Claims] A stereoscopic microscope capable of simultaneously observing an observation image of an observation object and an image displayed on an image display means, wherein a light beam from the observation object and a light beam from the image display means have different polarization directions. After holding, the two light beams are superimposed and separated again using the difference in the polarization direction of the superposed two light beams, or by selecting one of the light beams, the observation image of the observation object and image display A stereomicroscope characterized by simultaneously observing an image displayed on a means or selecting one of the images so that only one of them can be observed. 2. An observation object, wherein first polarization means for imparting a polarization characteristic to a light beam from an observation object is disposed on an optical path from the observation object, and a light beam from an image display means passes through the first polarization means. A second polarizing means for providing a polarization direction in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of the light flux from the light source is arranged on the optical path from the image display means, and the respective light fluxes transmitted through the first and second polarization means are arranged. The third polarizing means is arranged on the optical path where both light beams are superimposed by the optical path combining means, and the light beam transmitted through the third polarizing means is converted to the light beam from the observation object based on the polarization characteristics of the third polarizing means. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the user selects one of the observation image of the observation object and the image displayed on the image display means by observing the image by selecting from the light flux from the image display means. A stereomicroscope as described. 3. A light beam from an observation object and a light beam from an image display means are superimposed on each other by using a polarized light path synthesizing means whose linear polarization directions are orthogonal to each other in transmission and reflection. The polarization directions of the light beams are made orthogonal to each other, and a third polarizing means is disposed on the overlapped optical path. From the polarization characteristics of the third polarizing means, the light beam transmitted through the third polarizing means is converted into a light beam from the observation object. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the user selects one of the observation image of the observation object and the image displayed on the image display means by observing the image by selecting from the light flux from the image display means. A stereomicroscope as described.